状语从句精讲—中考英语
【考点】考查时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件及比较状语从句。
在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子叫状语从句,在句中起到状语的作用。常考的状语从句有时间状语从句(由when,while,before,not…until等引导)、条件状语从句(由if,unless,as long as等引导)、原因状语从句(由because,since等引导)、结果状语从句(由so that,so…that…等引导)、目的状语从句(由in order that等引导)、让步状语从句(由though,although等引导)。引导状语从句的连接词是从属连词,状语从句可以在句首,也可以在句尾。
【精讲01】时间状语从句
时间状语从句在主句中表示时间,常用连接词有:when(当……时),while(当……时),as(当……时),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),since(自从),not…until(直到……才), as soon as(一……就),once(一旦……就)等。如:
I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework. 我直到做完作业才去睡觉。
I can listen to the radio while I work. 我可以边听收音机边工作。
时间状语从句中,一般要用一般现在时代替一般将来时,一般过去时代替过去将来时。如:
I will telephone you when he comes. 他来时,我会给你打电话。
I’ll stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里,直到你回来。
when引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生,从句的谓语可以是延续性动词,也可以是瞬间动词。如:
He was working when I went in. 我进去时他正在工作。
When she heard the news, she began to cry. 她听到这个消息,她哭了起来。
while引导的状语从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词,意思是“在……期间”。 while还可以表示两者之间的对比关系。如:
They rushed in while we were singing. 我们唱歌时,他们冲进来。
I like playing football, while Tom likes listening to music. 我喜欢踢足球,而汤姆喜欢听音乐。
as引导状语从句,强调同时发生,不分先后。可以译成“随着”或“一边……一边”。 如:
John sings as he walks home. 约翰一边往家走一边唱歌。
since引导状语从句,主句常用现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时。如:
We have been friends since we met in Beijing. 自从我们在北京遇到就一直是朋友。
It has been six years since she left school. 自从她毕业已经有六年了。
until/ till 引导时间状语从句,当主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词时,主句常用否定形式,not…
until意思为“直到……才”。 如:
He didn’t go to bed until he finished his homework. 他直到做完作业才睡觉。
【精讲02】原因状语从句
原因状语从句在主句中表示原因或者理由。其连词有:because(因为),as (因为),since(既然)等。如:
I often eat carrots because they are good for my health. 我经常吃胡萝卜是因为对我的身体有好处。
As I don’t know the way, I had to ask the policeman. 由于我不知道路,所以我不得不问警察。
because表示因果关系语气最强,常用来回答why提出的问题。如:
I didn’t tell them because they were too young. 我没有告诉他们,因为他们太小。
because和so不能同在一个句子里。如:
Because the book was expensive, I didn’t buy it. (I 前不用so)
【精讲03】结果状语从句
结果状语从句在主句中表示结果。其连接词有:so…that…(如此……以至于……),such… that…(如此……以至于……)等。如:
It’s such a good chance that you can’t miss it. 这次机会如此好,你不能失去它。
such... that
such+a(an)+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句
such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+that从句 如:
He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher. 他非常诚实,因而受到了老师的表扬。
They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again. 这些小说非常有趣,我想再读一遍。
so ... that
so+形容词/副词.+that从句
so+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词+that从句 如:
He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him. 他跑得非常快,没人能追上他。
Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him.
=He is so good a doctor that everybody loves and respects him.
=He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him. 他是一位好医生,大家都尊敬并爱戴他。
【注】
如果名词前由many、much、few、little(少)等词修饰,则用so。如:
He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤,以至于全身上下青一块,紫一块的。
【精讲04】条件状语从句
条件状语从句在主句中表示条件。
其连接词有:if(如果),unless (如果不,除非),as long as(只要)等。如:
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go swimming. 如果明天天气好的话我们去游泳。
在条件状语从句中,一般要用一般现在时代替一般将来时,一般过去时代替过去将来时。 如:
Unless it rains, the game will be played.(= If it doesn’t rain, the game will be played.)
如果不下雨,比赛就将进行。
As long as you tell truth , I’ll try to help you. 只要你说出真相,我就尽力帮助你。
【精讲05】其他状语从句
地点状语从句
地点状语从句在主句中表示地点。其连接词有where(哪里),wherever(无论哪里)等。如:
Put it where you find it. 把它放在原来的地方。
You can sit wherever you like. 你喜欢坐在哪里就坐在哪里。
让步状语从句:
常由though/although (虽然),even if/ though (即使)等引导,
但though/although不能和but同时出现在一个句子里。如:
Though it’s hard work, I enjoy it.(= It’s hard work, but I enjoy it.) 尽管这是一件艰苦的工作,但我乐意做。
Though/Although it was raining,we went there. 虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那儿。
She won’t leave the TV set even though /even if supper’s on the table.
即使晚饭已摆在桌上,她也不愿意离开电视机。
目的状语从句:
目的状语从句在主句中表示目的。其连接词有:so(以便),so that(为了),in order that(为了)等,从句中多用情态动词can, will, may, should 等。如:
He got up very early so that he could catch the first train. 他起床很早以便于赶第一班火车。
I will run slowly so that you can catch up with me. 我慢慢跑以便你能赶上我。
【状语从句总结】
分类 连接词 例句
时间 状语从句 when/while/as, before,after, since,until,as soon as She was cooking when someone knocked at the door. He often went to the concert while he stayed in Berlin. I didn’t go to bed until she came back.
条件 状语从句 if,as long as,unless I’ll go to see you if I have time. They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday
原因 状语从句 because,since,as,for He didn’t catch the first bus because he got up too late. We should study hard since we are students.
目的 状语从句 so that,in order that Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.
结果 状语从句 so that, so…that/such…that It’s so hot that we want to go swimming. It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away.
让步 状语从句 though/although, even,if Although it’s raining hard,they are still working hard in the field.
比较 状语从句 than,as…as, not as/so…as He ran as fast as Mike.
状语从句精练—中考英语
1.The TV news talked about a car accident ________ I was eating.
A.while B.until C.before D.after
2.When I get home, I ________ you and I hope ________ I call you, you can answer my call.
A.will call; when B.will call; so soon as C.call; as soon as D.call; when
3.______ we got off the bus, we saw two men fighting against each other.
A.Although B.But C.Since D.As
4.Jack has learned more about teamwork __________ he joined the soccer team.
A.until B.since C.while D.though
5.We ________ the mountain if it ________ rain tomorrow.
A.climb; won’t B.climb; doesn’t C.will climb; isn’t D.will climb; doesn’t
6.—Can we finish painting all these trees today —No, ________ we get others’ help.
A.if B.unless C.since D.because
7.—My parents don't mind what job I do ________ I am happy.
—They are really understanding parents.
A.even though B.as soon as C.as long as D.as though
8.Although Lucy and Lily are twins, ________ they have some differences.
A./ B.so C.but D.and
9.Jack is still working to high standards ________ he has made great achievements.
A.until B.if C.though D.since
10.________ others may say, you just choose ________ you like.
A.No matter what, whatever B.Whatever, no matter what
C.No matter how, however D.However, no matter how
11.We don’t play basketball on the playground _________ it rains outside.
A.so B.because C.and D.but
12.—What do you think of yesterday’s English speech
—Well, he spoke ________ fast ________ I couldn’t follow it.
A.so; that B.both; and C.too; to D.as; as
【参考答案】
1.A2.A3.D4.B5.D6.B7.C8.A9.C10.A11.B12.A
1.【详解】句意:当我正在吃饭的时候电视新闻报道了一场车祸。
考查连词词义辨析。while当……时;until直到……才;before在……之前;after在……之后。根据“I was eating”可知,此句是while引导的时间状语从句,故选A。
2.【详解】句意:我回家后会给你打电话,我希望给你打电话时,你能接我的电话。
考查主将从现和时间状语从句。when当……时候;so soon as表达不妥;as soon as一……就……。结合第一空前后语境可知,“When”引导时间状语从句,遵循主将从现的原则,所以第一空用一般将来时,排除选项C和D。根据第二空语境可知,作者希望当打电话给对方时,对方能接电话,因此用when来引导时间状语从句。故选A。
3.【详解】句意:当我们下车时,看见两个人正在打架。
考查连词辨析。Although虽然;But但是;Since自从,既然;As当……时,根据所给空后面的we got off the bus和后面的we saw two men fighting against each other可知,as最符合语境,故选D。
4.【详解】句意:自从杰克加入足球队以来,他对团队合作有了更多的了解。
考查从属连词辨析。until直到;since自从;while当……时候;though尽管,根据主句时态是现在完成时,从句时态是一般过去时,以及语境可知,应该是since“自从”引导的时间状语从句,故选B。
5.【详解】句意:如果明天不下雨,我们就去爬山。
考查条件状语从句。if引导的条件状语从句遵循主将从现,第一空是一般将来时,用will加动词原形,排除AB; climb the mountain“爬山”;第二空是一般现在时态,此处是否定形式,主语it是第三人称单数,本句含有实意动词rain,变成否定句要借助助动词does+not+动词原形,故选D。
6.【详解】句意:——我们今天能把这些树刷完吗?——不能,除非我们得到其他人的帮助。
考查连词辨析。if如果;unless除非;since自从;because因为。“we get others’ help”是条件,除非得到帮助,否则没办法完成,故选B。
7.【详解】句意:——只要我高兴,我父母不介意我做什么工作。——他们真的是很善解人意的父母。考查连词。even though尽管;as soon as一……就;as long as只要;as though好像;分析空格前后句可知,此处表达的是只要我开心,父母不介意我做什么,as long as“只要”,是引导条件状语从句的连词,故选C。
8.【详解】句意:尽管露西和莉莉是双胞胎,她们有一些不一样。
考查连词。So因此;but但是;and和。根据“Although Lucy and Lily are twins”可知句子表达 “虽然……但是”,“although”和”but”不能在句子中同时使用。故选A。
9.【详解】句意:杰克虽然取得了很大的成就,但他仍在按照高标准工作。
考查连词辨析。until直到;if如果;though尽管;since因为。观察句子前后关系“他仍在按照高标准工作”和“杰克取得了很大的成就”可知应该是though引导的让步状语从句,故选C。
10.【详解】句意:不管别人怎么说,你只要选择你喜欢的。
考查让步状语从句。no matter what无论什么;whatever无论什么;No matter how无论怎样;however无论怎样。根据“others may say”,可知,不管别人说什么,排除C和D选项。第二个空要做动词like的宾语,而no matter what只能引导让步状语从句,排除B选项,故选A。
11.【详解】句意:我们不在操场上打篮球,因为外面下雨。
考查连词辨析。so所以;because因为;and和;but但是。分析空格前后句可知,此处构成因果关系,空格后表示原因,用“because”。故选B。
12.【详解】句意:——你觉得昨天的英语演讲怎么样?——嗯,他说得太快了,我跟不上。
考查连词辨析。so…that…如此……以致于……;both…and…两者都……;too…to…太……而不能……;as…as像……一样。根据“he spoke…fast…I couldn’t follow it. ”可知,他说得太快,以致于我跟不上。故选A