Unit4 Adversity and Courage 单元测试卷（word版含答案）

人教版（2019）选择性必修三：Unit4 Adversity and Courage 单元测试卷
一、单词适当形式填空(每题1.5分，共30小题，共45分)
A postman's w____________________ are 180 per week.
Under his _________________________(guide), we finished the work smoothly.
We are l____________________ to our motherland.
We will buy some ___________________(furniture) for our new house.
Little Tom and the sailors spent two months_______________________(在船上).
He found a job in _______________________(advertise).
There are three __________________________(candidate) for the vacancy.
This company is concerned about its c____________________ image.
She lost all her ________________________(belong) in the fire.
Strictly speaking, he's not q________________________ for the job.
Despite some difficulties, they're not going to a__________________ the plan.
__________________________(fortunate), I missed the last train.
The ____________________(球拍) together with the balls was stolen.
He is e_________________________ about helping others.
He threw a b_______________________ over the injured man.
He was filled with e__________________ at my success.
All the students ___________________________(assign) to suitable jobs.
We are trying to get a t________________ understanding of the government's fiscal policy.
Are there any d_______________________ restaurants around here
If the battery is dead, the ____________________(马达) won't turn over.
The man is a sixteenth Spanish _______________________(领航人).
The sun gives _______________ heat and light.
I don't understand what his ________________________(动机) is.
My little n_____________________ is very naughty.
He lives in ac___________________ little room.
Please warm up this milk over the ________________________(炉具).
The dog b___________________ when the stranger came near.
We shouldn't be c____________________ to animals.
A g____________________ friend will not desert you in time of adversity.
It took him only 50 minutes to c________________ his opponent.
改错（每题2分，共10题，共20分）
Perce Blackborow joined a expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship in 1914.
This is the adventure that I have been dreaming.
I am fit and full with vigour.
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazed places.
We were well and true stuck.
We were not allowed to take most of our personal belonging.
Hussey often plays it to keep our spirit up.
Things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worst.
Don’t you go turn into another Tom.
There is a chance that we will return to home.
三、用所给词或短语适当形式填空（每题2分，共10题，共20分）
_________________ the heat______________ or your cake will burn.
They were poor and had ______________________ a living.
They were the last two ___________________________ the ship.
He ________________________ for New York early that morning.
Do not ____________________________ drinking.
He left the house __________________________.
I________________________________ playing soccer.
He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and _____________________.
She failed ___________________________.
The heater can _____________________ much warmth.
阅读理解（共10题，每题2.5分，共25分）
A
The United States space agency will send a spacecraft to explore the sun more closely than ever before on Saturday. NASA'S Parker Solar Probe（探测器）will fly through the hot solar atmosphere and come within just 6 million kilometers of the sun's surface.
The Parker Probe will get almost seven times closer to the sun than earlier spacecraft. To do this, it will fly past Venus（金星）seven times over seven years. Each pass will change the probe's orbit by providing a gravity push. It will move ever closer to the sun and straight into the corona（日冕）, the sun's outermost atmosphere.
By exploring the sun's corona, scientists hope to learn why it is hundreds of times hotter than the sun's surface. They will also study what drives the solar wind.
The project was proposed in 1958, the same year NASA was established. Now, "it's becoming a reality," said project manager Andy Driesman.
The Parker spacecraft has a 2.4 meter heat shield（护罩）that is 11 centimeters thick. It is made of two carbon sheets. The front has a white coating to reflect sunlight. It is expected to shine red when it experiences the extreme solar heat. Almost everything on the spacecraft will be behind this shield to keep its scientific instruments relatively cool.
Besides, the spacecraft will also be traveling at a high speed. The probe will reach 690,000 kilometers per hour in the corona. The spacecraft will make its first flight past Venus in early October. Its first pass by the sun is expected in November.
The Parker Solar Probe is the first NASA spacecraft to be named after someone who is still alive. Eugene Parker is a 91-year-old professor at the University of Chicago. He predicted the existence of solar wind 60 years ago. He plans to be at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in the southern state of Florida to see the launch.
What's the advantage of the Parker Probe compared to the earlier ones
It can change the orbit by flying past the sun.
It can get closer to the sun and into the corona.
It can study the effect of solar wind.
It can fly through the hot solar atmosphere without protection.
What can be inferred from the passage
Human had little achievements in exploring the sun.
Eugene Parker is the first one to study the sun.
The Parker Probe has to get close to the sun with the help of Venus.
Human can get close to the sun's surface within 6 million kilometers today.
What can we learn about Eugene Parker
He started NASA．
He foresaw the solar wind when he was 31.
He designed the Parker spacecraft.
D. He will study the sun using the Parker spacecraft.
4. Judging from the content, the passage most probably belongs to .
A．a story book B．an advertisement C．a science fiction D．a news report
B
As the novel coronavirus outbreak interrupts businesses and everyday life for billions around the globe, massive conferences have moved online. The new form creates numerous technical and organizational challenges, but it also offers opportunities-for reaching wider audiences, reducing the carbon footprint of meeting travel and improving diversity. For some meetings, the switch may be lasting.
The scientific community is “ making lemonade out of lemons,” an expert says. “ Scientists are making use of a situation that’s really quite horrible and providing people a way to connect.”
In many ways, virtual conferences offer a better experience, says Altman, associate director of the Stanford Institute for AI. Altman’s institute had planned an inperson conference in April, but COVID-19 forced organizers to change it. They threw together a virtual conference to discuss how AI can help scientists fight the ongoing pandemic (流行病).The event was a great success. The original conference would have drawn a few hundred attendees, but 30,000 people watched the online version.
Altman says the virtual environment allowed hosts to better control the flow of discussion and questions from the audience. By privately messaging one another behind the scenes, they were able to make adjustments (调整).During the audience question period, the hosts didn’t open up the virtual floor for anyone to speak. Instead, they asked the audience to type their questions and screen the most insightful (有深刻见解的)ones.
Scientists acknowledge that virtual conferences can’t completely replace the conference experience. Virtual meetings might lose some of their appeal once stay-at-home requirements loosen. Even so, the success of some scientists further strengthens the society’s march toward virtual meetings.
5. What does the underlined phrase “ making lemonade out of lemons” refer to
A. Working tirelessly to fight the pandemic.
B. Taking advantage of the difficult situation.
C. Doing research on how to make lemonade.
D. Committing themselves to their conferences.
6. What could prove the virtual conference mentioned in paragraph 3 successful
A．A larger audience. B．Better arrangement.
C．Environmental friendliness. D．Beating the ongoing pandemic.
7. In which section of a newspaper does this text probably appear
A．Business. B．Opinion. C．Culture. D．Travel.
C
Learning a second language is tough at any age. Now, in a new study, scientist have found out the exact age after which your chances of reaching fluency（流利）in a second language seem to plummet:10.
The study published in the journal Cognition, found that it's "nearly impossible" for language learners to reach native-level（母语水平）fluency if they start learning a second language after age 10. "It turns out you're still learning fast," says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne. "It's just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old," People who start a few years after age 10 may still become quite good at a language, the authors say, but they are unlikely to become fluent.
Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Children's brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning they're better able to adapt and respond to new information. Kids may also be more willing to try new things than adults are. Their comparatively new understanding of their native language may also be advantageous.
These findings may seem discouraging, but it was inspiring for scientists to learn that the key period for fluent language learning might be longer than previously thought. Some scientists believed that the window begins to close shortly after birth, while others made it longer to very early pared with those judgments-age 17 or 18 —when language learning ability start to drop off—seems relatively old.
For this study, the researchers created an online test promising to guess people's native language and home country based on their responses to English grammar questions. Almost 670,000 people took it, giving the researchers huge amounts of data from English speakers of many ages and backgrounds. Examining the responses and grammar mistakes allowed them to made unusually exact judgments about language learning.
What does the underlined word "plummet" in paragraph 1 mean
A．Drop sharply. B．Increase greatly.
C．Appear gradually. D．Double suddenly.
9. What can we learn from the study
A．Adults tend to perform badly in learning a second language.
B．Children are at an advantage in acquiring a new language.
C．All these new findings are quite discouraging for scientists.
D．People have different key periods for mastering a language.
10. What does the last paragraph mainly focus on
A．The purpose of the study. B．The findings of the study.
C．The subject of the study. D．The process of the study.
五、语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dear Mr. Williams，
I am Li Hua, ______1______ student from Sunshine Middle School.We are ________2________
(delight) to accept the invitation to play a friendly table tennis match, _____3_____ will no doubt strengthen our friendship.I am writing to know more about the arrangements.Since it is the first time for us________4______(go) to Australia, we’d like to know the details about the
____5_____(accommodation) so that we can make some preparations ______6_____ advance. We prefer to live in host families to experience local culture. _______7_______, is it possible for you to pick us_______8______ at the airport after our arrival Also,I would appreciate ___9___ if we could work out a proper schedule for both sides._____________(thank) you for all your help and look forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
六、读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Several years ago, I was living in New York and working for an airline, so I never got back home for Christmas. My Christmas was happy too with some other colleagues around. But in my heart I was sad because I couldn’t stay with my family. Sometimes my colleagues would say our Christmas was filled with tears. But this Christmas was different. I was lucky. I had the whole day off, which meant I could stay with my family on Christmas Eve.
When Christmas morning came, I awoke to a small hand on my face. “Dad, Merry Christmas!” was all my younger son had time to say. He seemed to be racing against time. I knew he was hunting for gifts with his brother eagerly. I got down stairs just to see the two little boys’ faces as they looked at the pocket rockets Santa Claus(圣诞老人) had left them. I realized that the real Christmas was for the children who had deep belief in the amazing power of Santa Claus. At first, their fingers went almost shyly over their toys. When their inspection(检查) had been completed, the two boys ensured that the gifts were really delivered by Santa Claus and they dragged everything into the center of the living room.
Delight flooded the room. As their mother began giving out gifts, I smiled to myself, wondering how my unexpected gifts this year would be received. With so many Christmas spent outside, I had prepared so many gifts for my children and together with my wife. I hid them in several secret places. But the children were excellent detectives and they found all of them. They were happily opening packages, thanking considerate Santa Claus for his kindness and ability to know their desires. But I had not received a single one. I knew they had forgotten my existence with my absence(缺席) from their Christmas these years.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
I had to admit that my disappointment was growing.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Suddenly my wife walked up to me.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
一、单词适当形式填空(每题1.5分，共30小题，共45分)
1.wages 2.guidance 3. loyal 4.furniture 5. aboard 6.advertising 7.candidates 8.corporate 9.belongings 10.qualified 11.abandon 12.Unfortunately
13.bat 14.enthusiastic 15.blanket 16.envy 17.are assigned 18.thorough
19.decent 20.motor 21.navigator 22.off 23.motive 24.nephew 25. cosy
26.stove 27.barked 28.cruel 29.genuine 30.crush
二、改错（每题2分，共10题，共20分）
a-an 2.dreaming+of 3.with-of 4.amazed-amazing 5.true-truly 6.belonging-belongings 7.spirit-spirits 8.worst-worse 9.turn-turning 10.to去掉
三、用所给词或短语适当形式填空（每题2分，共10题，共20分）
Turn down 2.to struggle for 3.to go aboard 4.set off 5.abandon yourself to 6.in high spirits 7. am enthusiastic about 8.make fire 9.after all 10. give off
四、阅读理解（共10题，每题2.5分，共25分）
A
1-4 BCBD
【分析】这是一则新闻报道。文章报道了美国航天局将发射一艘宇宙飞船，比以往任何时候都更近距离地探索太阳。该飞船被命名为帕克太阳探测器，将穿越炎热的太阳大气和仅仅600万公里的太阳表面。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的The Parker Probe will get almost seven times closer to the sun than earlier spacecraft. 可知，和之前的探测器相比，帕克探测器更接近于太阳。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段的To do this, it will fly past Venus（金星）seven times over seven years. Each pass will change the probe's orbit by providing a gravity push. It will move ever closer to the sun and straight into the corona（日冕）.可知，飞船要接近太阳必须依靠进行提供的动力，即帕克探测器必须在金星的帮助下接近太阳。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据 Eugene Parker is a 91-year-old professor at the University of Chicago. He predicted the existence of solar wind 60 years ago.可知，他在31岁就预测出太阳风。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段The United States space agency will send a spacecraft to explore the sun more closely than ever before on Saturday.及倒数第二段的The spacecraft will make its first flight past Venus in early October. Its first pass by the sun is expected in November.可知，这是一则对帕克探测器将要发射的新闻报道。故选D。
B
5-7 BAB
【分析】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章在介绍虚拟会议的好处。随着新型冠状病毒的爆发，全球数十亿人的业务和日常生活被中断，大规模会议已经转移到网上。这种新形式在技术和组织方面带来了许多挑战，但它也提供了机会——扩大受众范围，减少会议旅行的碳足迹，并提高多样性。对于一些会议来说，这种转变可能会持续很久。
5．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“ Scientists are making use of a situation that’s really quite horrible and providing people a way to connect.” 可知，上句划线部分“ making lemonade out of lemons”的意思是“利用困难的境况”。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中The event was a great success. The original conference would have drawn a few hundred attendees, but 30,000 people watched the online version.可知，“更多的观众”可以证明第3段中提到的虚拟会议是成功的。故选A。
7．推理判断题。纵观全文，这篇文章在介绍虚拟会议的好处。随着新型冠状病毒的爆发，全球数十亿人的业务和日常生活被中断，大规模会议已经转移到网上。这种新形式在技术和组织方面带来了许多挑战，但它也提供了机会——扩大受众范围，减少会议旅行的碳足迹，并提高多样性。对于一些会议来说，这种转变可能会持续很久。所以它最有可能出现在一张报纸的“观点”栏目。故选B。
C
8-10 ABD
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍孩子比成年人更容易学习语言的原因。最好在10岁之前学习一门新语言。
8．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段The study published in the journal Cognition, found that it's "nearly impossible" for language learners to reach native-level（母语水平）fluency if they start learning a second language after age 10.所以现在，在一项新的研究中，科学家发现了你流利掌握第二语言的确切年龄似乎会急剧下降:10岁。可知，划线词的意思是“急剧下降”，A项符合题意。故选A 。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons可知，由于许多原因，孩子在学习新语言方面可能比成年人更好。由此判断出孩子在学习一门新语言方面具有优势。故选B。
10．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段的内容For this study, the researchers created an online test promising to guess people's native language and home country based on their responses to English grammar questions. Almost 670,000 people took it, giving the researchers huge amounts of data from English speakers of many ages and backgrounds.可知，最后一段主要是介绍研究的过程。故选D。
五、语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
a 2.delighted 3.which 4. to go 5.accommodations
6.in 7.Besides 8. up 9.it 10.Thank
六、读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I had to admit that my disappointment was growing. I was wondering whether I could get a gift when my younger son ran to me, who was really kind enough to save my face. He asked me to admire his gift which he deeply believed was carefully chosen by Santa Claus. He said happily that he would share some of the gifts of his and allow me to choose one from them. I thanked him from the bottom of my heart, still feeling disappointed.
Paragraph 2:
Suddenly my wife walked up to me. It seemed that she had guessed how I felt. She asked me to look at the Christmas tree which was decorated with so many boxes. I thought my wife was showing off her efforts on the decoration but she took off a small box and passed it to me, smiling and saying it was for me. I opened it and saw a letter which read, "We will never forget you. Merry Christmas!" Under the letter was a watch which was clicking with delight. I was moved to tears.