第05讲 介词的用法
【学习目标】
【基础知识】
一.定义:
介词:是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。
2、介词短语的句法作用
1、介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。
如:The man came .(状)
The woman is from the countryside.(定)
The teacher is now with the pupils.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)
2、介词短语在句子中的位置:
介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾。
如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾;
介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后;介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。
如:He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(状语)
They searched the room for the thief.
The letters are for you.(表语)
Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs (定语)
三、介词用法
(1)表时间的介词:
1.at通常用于:(表示在某个时刻或者瞬间)
at+时间点,节日(泛指圣诞节、新年等整个假期时,要用at)如:
at 7:30; at lunch time; at Christmas 在圣诞节期间
固定词组搭配:at dawn, at night, at midnight, at noon, at that time, at the moment
2. on通常用于:(表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等)
on+具体时间(日期,星期几)
on October 1st ; on Monday; on a rainy morning; on Teachers’ Day
on Christmas Day 在圣诞节这一天
3. in通常用于:(表示在一段时间里)
①in+世纪/年/月/季节/早/中/晚
in the 20th century, in the late 18th century
②特定的年龄段,in his thirties (在他30多岁时)
补充1:
表示“在一段时间之后”,句子常用一般将来时。
e.g. He will come back in an hour.他一小时后会回来。
表示“在一段时间之内”,句子常用一般现在时或一般过去时。
e.g.There as once an artist. He could draw a beautiful horse in five minutes.
注意:在含有this、that 、these、those、next、 last 、today、tomorrow、 yesterday等词
或词组前不用介词。
4.since和for
两者都表示一段时间,可以用于完成时;
since + 时间段 + ago/+ 时间点/一般过去时句子,for +时间段。
e.g. Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.
Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years.
* since 和for 可以进行句型转换:
He has been in this school since nine years ago.
= He has been in this school for nine years.
* 对since/for+时间 进行提问时,用how long.
补充:
介词for:1.为了 My mother bought a present for me.
2. 对于 It’s difficult for him to finish the task.
3. 因为 I am sorry for his misfortune.
5.until和by
by意为“不迟于,到…时(为止)”,其前多用结束性动词。
e.g.We can finish the work by the end of this month.
until用于肯定句中,意为“直到……为止”,用于否定句中“not.....until.....”意为“直到……才”.
e.g.she didn't come back home until September.
6. 其他常见的时间介词
after在…以后 after 3 days
before在…以前 3 days before
past过了…(时) 20 past 8 (8点20分)
to到(下一时刻) 20 to 8 (7点40)
through(out) 贯穿…(期间) through(out) the year
from从…(时)起 from now on
by到…为止 till直到…时 until直到…时
ever since从那时起至今
(2)表地点的介词
1.in和at
at表示较小的地点:at the bus stop ,at home
in表示较大的地方:in China ,in the world
注意:
①门牌号码用at。
e g:Mary lives at 33 Forest Road. 玛丽住在森林路33号。
②街名要用in。
e g:Jane lives in Albert street. 珍妮住在艾尔泊特大街。
③谈到楼层时用on。
e g:Tom lives in a flat on the fourth floor. 汤姆住在四楼的一套房间里。
(3)表方位的介词
1.on、over和 above
on意为“在……的上面”;表示两物体接触。
over意为“在……(垂直)的正上方”;反义词:under
above意为“在……(不一定垂直)的上方”,高于;反义词:below
注意:*其中 on 还有“关于”的意思。 over 也有“在....期间”的意思
e.g. a report on school uniform/over the breakfast
2.across和through 穿过、越过
across指“从……表面穿过”或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作。
through指“从……内部穿过”;在立体空间中“穿过”。
e g:There were so many cars . She had to walk across the street quickly.
He swam across the river.
e g:At last he walked through the forest and saw the village.
3.in front of 和in the front of
in front of 表“在…之前”,外部
e.g. There are some trees in front of the classroom.
in the front of表“在……的前部”,内部
e.g. Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.
4.地理位置:in、to和on
①in表示在某一地区的某方位,属于某范围—— A in B
e.g. Beijing is in the north of China.
②to表示某一地区之外的某方位,不属于该范围—— A to B
e.g. Japan is to the east of China.
③on表示两地相接壤—— A on B
e.g. Korea is on the east of China.
介词用图示的方法归纳列举如下:
介 词 图 示 意 义 例 句
1 in 在…之内 The students are reading in the classroom.学生们在教师里读书。
2 on 在…上面 The boat is on the river.那条船在河上。
3 over 在…正上方 There are several bridges over the river. 河上有好几座桥。
4 under 在…正下方 The girl is sitting under the tree.小女孩坐在树下。
5 above 在…上方 The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云上飞行。
6 below 在…下方 The sun sinks below the horizon.太阳沉没在地平线下。
7 by 在…旁边 Our house is by the river.我们的房子在河边。
beside Come and sit beside me.过来坐在我旁边。
8 near 在…附近 I don’t need a car because I live near the city centre .我不需要汽车,因为我住在靠近市中心。
9 next to 紧挨… My best friend sits next to me in class.上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。
10 behind 在…后面 Olive hid behind a tree.奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。
11 before 在…之前 My teacher likes telling some jokes before class.我的老师喜欢在上课前讲一些笑话。
12 outside 在…外面 He parked his car outside the cinema.他把汽车停在电影院外面。
13 to 到…去 We walked to the fruit shop.我们步行到水果店。
14 from 从…来 I am from London.我来自于伦敦。
15 around 围绕… The Earth moves around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。
16 between 在…之间(指二者) The letter B is between A and C.字母B在A和C之间。
17 among 在…之间(指三者或三者以上) He is the tallest boy among us.他是我们中最高的男孩。
18 across 横过、越过… If the road is busy, don’t walk across it.如果道路拥挤,就不要横穿马路。
19 through 穿过… We drove through the tunnel.我们开车穿过了隧道。
20 onto 向上 The men lift the baskets onto the trucks.人们把篮子运上卡车。
21 into 进入到…之内 They put the apples into the baskets.他们把苹果放进篮子里。
22 out of 从…出来 Don’t look out of the window in class.上课时不要朝窗外看。
23 along 沿着 Walk along this street, then turn left, you can see the post office.沿着这条街走,然后向右拐,你就可以看到邮局。
24 up 向上 The monkeys climbed up the trees to pick the bananas.猴子爬上树上去摘香蕉。
25 down 向下 The ball is rolling down the hill.球正往山下滚。
(4)表示方式的介词
1.by、in和on——表交通
①by + 交通工具,意为“乘坐……”。
e.g.海:be ship / boat / sea /陆:by bus / car / train / bike / taxi /空:by air / plane / spaceship
②on / in + 限定词 + 交通工具,意为“乘坐……”。
在开放或半封闭型工具前用on ;/在封闭型工具前用in。
e.g. He goes to work on the bike / in his car.
on foot为固定短语,意为“步行”。
* 小口诀:
介词用来表交通,常把by, in, on来用;
限定、复数用in / on,by要直通海陆空;
骑马、骑车惯用on,小轿车前in才通。
2.in、with、through和by——“用”
①in主要表示 “用语言、笔墨、声音等”;
②with表示“用具体有形的东西”;
③through通过具体过程,途径,手段,中介;
④by表示“用……手段或方式”,后+动名词。
e.g. Can you sing this song in English
I write my homework with a pen.
I learned it through a friend.
The girl made money by selling flowers.
补充1:in穿戴 I am in a red dress.
补充2:with与......“一起,和,用”,做伴随状语。反义词:without 没有
e.g. I go to the park with my mother./You can write with a pen.
She is a woman with a three-year-old baby.
补充3:* within 在......之内;不超过……的范围
e.g Within 3 days, he will arrive here.
四、易混介词辨析
1.between 和among——之间
between常指 “在……两者之间”;
among用于指“在……三者或三者以上的人或物之间”。
e.g. Maria sits between Lucy and Lily. /Miss Wang stands among her students.
2. but、besides和except——除了.....之外
①besides—除了...之外,还有......
②but/ expert—除了....之外,(不再有)
but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,其后常+名词、代词或动词不定式。
but 常用在 every, any, no 和由这些词构成的复合词出现的句子中,并放在 everything,
anywhere, nobody 等以及 all, who 之后。
e.g. Nobody was late but you.
we have no choice but to wait for his reply.
* 注意:
当but前面有实义动词do或do的其他变化形式时,只加动词原形.。
e.g. I did nothing but wait there for two hours.
③except 其后接的词同句子的主语是同类的,指在同类的众多个体中除去一个个体。侧
重指后面除去的部分。
e.g. All the students go to the zoo except Jim.
补充:
* except for 其后所接的词同句子的主语不是同类的,指从整体中除去一个细节,一个方
面。即“美中不足”
e.g. Your writing is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
* except that+ 从句。
e.g. He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.
3.at和to
at同某些动词连用表攻击的目标,含有某种程度的恶意;
to只表示方向,无恶意。
e.g.Tom threw the stone at those dogs.(恶意的扔,“砸”)
I threw the ball to my sister and she caught it.(单纯的扔东西)
4.of 和from——材料介词
of用于成品与材料的性质不变时,看得出原材料。
e.g. The desk is made of wood.
from用于成品与材料的性质已变时,看不出原材料。
e.g. Wine is made from grapes.
5.like和as——像
e.g. The building looks like a hospital.
? This dress is the same as that one.
* as 还有“作为”的意思
e.g. Let me talk with you as a father.
五、常见介词短语
1.介词和动词搭配
do well in在.....方面做得好 laugh at嘲笑 look like 看起来像
depend on 依靠.... leave for出发? talk to与........谈话
2.介词和名词搭配
in time 及时 on time 准时 in trouble 有麻烦
answer to ....的答案 at the end of 在....底 in low voice 用低音
3.介词和形容词、过去分词搭配
be made of由...制成? be angry with sb对某人生气?
be angry at sth. 为某事生气? be pleased with sb对某人感到满意?
be satisfied with sth. 对某事感到满意? be surprised at对.....感到惊奇/诧异?
be tired of讨厌...? be interested in对.....感兴趣? be proud of以......为自豪/骄傲
【真题演练】
一、单项选择
1.Jim, _______ his father, _______ playing the piano a lot.
A.likes; likes B.like; like C.likes; like D.like; likes
2.Amy goes to her brother’s home ________ every Friday afternoon and goes back ________ Sundays.
A.in; on B.on; on C./; in D./; on
3.What’s that ________ English
A.for B.on C.in D.with
4.They arrived ________ Shanghai ________ a cold morning
A.in; on B.in; in C.at; on D.at; in
5.Miss Green was________white________her wedding day.
A.on; in B.in; on C.in; in D.on; on
6.Paper cuts are seen ________ doors, walls and windows during the Spring Festival.
A.in B.to C.on D.at
7.Our school’s Talent Show will be ________ November 2nd this year.
A.on B.in C.at D.to
8.—Will Sam come back ________ July
—No, he will come back ________ the morning of August 1st.
A.in; in B.on; in C.on; on D.in; on
9.The summer holiday starts _______ July and _______ 1 September our new term comes again.
A.in; in B.in; on C.on; in D.on; on
10.—_______ do you usually go to school
—_______ my bike.
A.What; By B.How; By C.What; On D.How; On
11.—When will Jim’s birthday party begin
—It will start ________ eight o’clock ________ the evening of November 18th.
A.at; on B.at; in C.on; in D./; on
12.—What’s this ________
—It’s a ruler.
A.in the English B.in English C.for English D.at English
13.We are all very happy that Shenzhou-13 with three astronauts was sent into space successfully ________October 16th, 2021.
A.to B.on C.in D.at
14.Nice ________ meet you!
A.to B.too C.for D.are
15.You can study grammar ________ memorizing it.
A.with B.by C.of D.in
16.—I could tell ________ the look on her face that something exciting had happened.
—You said it!
A.by B.on C.with D.for
17.—How do you study English
—________ watching English movies.
A.By B.On C.With D.In
18.The birthday of Nankai Secondary School is ________ October 17th.
A.in B.on C.at D.of
19.My uncle is a policeman. He works ________ Shanghai.
A.on B.to C.at D.in
20.—When is Teachers’ Day in your country
—It’s ________ September 10th. It’s the time for us ________ “thank you” to our teachers.
A.in; saying B.on; to say C.on; saying D.in; to say
【过关检测】
1.默写单元单词和词组。
2.复习本节课所学的重点笔记内容。
21.—When shall we meet
—Let’s meet __________ two o’clock __________ Saturday afternoon.
A.at; in B.in; at C.at; on D.in; on
22.—Simon, why do you play basketball________ every day
—You know, there will be a match ________ the morning of November 20.
A./; on B.on; in C./; in D.at; on
23.Mr Li and his family used to live ________ Lucky Island.
A.in B.at C.on D.to
24.— Our teacher ________ a friend to me.
— She is so kind.
A.likes B.is like C.like D.is liking
25.— Tell me more about your family.
— My grandfather was born ________ February, 1949.
A.on B.at C.in D.to
26.—How do you _______ the word “刺身” _______ Japanese
—It is sashimi.
A.say; in B.speak; with C.tell; in D.talk; with
27.The Communist Party of China had its 100th birthday ________ July 1, 2021.
A.in B.on C.at D.around
28.— Do you often read the English book
— Yes. I usually read it ________ before dinner.
A.half an hour B.for half a hour C.for half an hour D.a half hour
29._______ a student, you must obey the rules of the school.
A.Of B.With C.For D.As
30.Alan often runs _________ the morning, but _________ Sunday morning, he doesn’t.
A.in; in B.in; on C.on; on D.on; in
31.He _________ his homework _________ Sundays.
A.doesn’t; on B.don’t do; in C.don’t do; on D.doesn’t do; on
32.Tony usually eats breakfast _________ 6:30 _________ the morning.
A.at; at B.at; in C.in; at D.in; in
33.The Communist Party of China had its 100th birthday ________ July 1st, 2021.
A.in B.after C.past D.on
34.I want to buy a birthday present ________ Jane.
A.of B.to C.for D.at
35.Yuan Longpin, ________ 91-year-old scientist(科学家), died ________ May 22nd, 2021.
A.a ; on B.an ; on C.a ; in D.an ; in
36.Ox (牛) is the symbol of hard work and progress. I wish you great success ________ the Year of the Ox!
A.at B.on C.in D.for
37.We have an English class ________ nine o’clock ________ Monday morning.
A.on, at B.in, in C.on, on D.at, on
38.He usually goes to school ________ bike, but sometimes he goes to school on foot.
A.on B.by C.rides D.by a
39.—How do you practice your spoken English
—I do it ________ aloud every morning.
A.for read B.with reading C.by read D.by reading
40.The twins are similar ________ appearance but different ________ personality.
A.to; with B.in; to C.to; from D.with; in
41.Bob usually goes swimming ________ Saturday morning.
A.at B.on C.for D.in
42.Under the double reduction policy(双减政策), students can have more time for their hobbies ________ Saturdays and Sundays.
A.in B.at C.on D.for
43.________ a very young age, our parents have told us not to talk to strangers.
A.At B.From C.Since D.Before
44.—Why do you look unhappy
—Everyone ___________ me got an invitation to Lucy’s party.
A.except B.without C.besides D.through
45.The old man is a good swimmer, and now he often swims _______ the river.
A.over B.through C.to D.across
46. the end, we passed the examination the morning of June 29, 2020.
A.In; in B.In; on C.At; on D.At; in
47.I left my key in the room yesterday. I had to get in ________ the window.
A.across B.over C.through D.above
48.Reading is one of my hobbies. I can get a lot of knowledge ________ reading books.
A.at B.by C.with D.on
49.Thailand is ________ China.
A.in the south of B.south of C.on the north of D.to the north of
50.— Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February.
— Hubei is far from Heilongjiang. It’s ________ the south of China, ________ the south of Henan.
A.in; to B.on; to C.in; on D.on; in第05讲 介词的用法
【学习目标】
【基础知识】
一.定义:
介词:是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。
2、介词短语的句法作用
1、介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。
如:The man came .(状)
The woman is from the countryside.(定)
The teacher is now with the pupils.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)
2、介词短语在句子中的位置:
介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾。
如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾;
介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后;介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。
如:He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(状语)
They searched the room for the thief.
The letters are for you.(表语)
Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs (定语)
三、介词用法
(1)表时间的介词:
1.at通常用于:(表示在某个时刻或者瞬间)
at+时间点,节日(泛指圣诞节、新年等整个假期时,要用at)如:
at 7:30; at lunch time; at Christmas 在圣诞节期间
固定词组搭配:at dawn, at night, at midnight, at noon, at that time, at the moment
2. on通常用于:(表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等)
on+具体时间(日期,星期几)
on October 1st ; on Monday; on a rainy morning; on Teachers’ Day
on Christmas Day 在圣诞节这一天
3. in通常用于:(表示在一段时间里)
①in+世纪/年/月/季节/早/中/晚
in the 20th century, in the late 18th century
②特定的年龄段,in his thirties (在他30多岁时)
补充1:
表示“在一段时间之后”,句子常用一般将来时。
e.g. He will come back in an hour.他一小时后会回来。
表示“在一段时间之内”,句子常用一般现在时或一般过去时。
e.g.There as once an artist. He could draw a beautiful horse in five minutes.
注意:在含有this、that 、these、those、next、 last 、today、tomorrow、 yesterday等词
或词组前不用介词。
4.since和for
两者都表示一段时间,可以用于完成时;
since + 时间段 + ago/+ 时间点/一般过去时句子,for +时间段。
e.g. Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.
Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years.
* since 和for 可以进行句型转换:
He has been in this school since nine years ago.
= He has been in this school for nine years.
* 对since/for+时间 进行提问时,用how long.
补充:
介词for:1.为了 My mother bought a present for me.
2. 对于 It’s difficult for him to finish the task.
3. 因为 I am sorry for his misfortune.
5.until和by
by意为“不迟于,到…时(为止)”,其前多用结束性动词。
e.g.We can finish the work by the end of this month.
until用于肯定句中,意为“直到……为止”,用于否定句中“not.....until.....”意为“直到……才”.
e.g.she didn't come back home until September.
6. 其他常见的时间介词
after在…以后 after 3 days
before在…以前 3 days before
past过了…(时) 20 past 8 (8点20分)
to到(下一时刻) 20 to 8 (7点40)
through(out) 贯穿…(期间) through(out) the year
from从…(时)起 from now on
by到…为止 till直到…时 until直到…时
ever since从那时起至今
(2)表地点的介词
1.in和at
at表示较小的地点:at the bus stop ,at home
in表示较大的地方:in China ,in the world
注意:
①门牌号码用at。
e g:Mary lives at 33 Forest Road. 玛丽住在森林路33号。
②街名要用in。
e g:Jane lives in Albert street. 珍妮住在艾尔泊特大街。
③谈到楼层时用on。
e g:Tom lives in a flat on the fourth floor. 汤姆住在四楼的一套房间里。
(3)表方位的介词
1.on、over和 above
on意为“在……的上面”;表示两物体接触。
over意为“在……(垂直)的正上方”;反义词:under
above意为“在……(不一定垂直)的上方”,高于;反义词:below
注意:*其中 on 还有“关于”的意思。 over 也有“在....期间”的意思
e.g. a report on school uniform/over the breakfast
2.across和through 穿过、越过
across指“从……表面穿过”或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作。
through指“从……内部穿过”;在立体空间中“穿过”。
e g:There were so many cars . She had to walk across the street quickly.
He swam across the river.
e g:At last he walked through the forest and saw the village.
3.in front of 和in the front of
in front of 表“在…之前”,外部
e.g. There are some trees in front of the classroom.
in the front of表“在……的前部”,内部
e.g. Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.
4.地理位置:in、to和on
①in表示在某一地区的某方位,属于某范围—— A in B
e.g. Beijing is in the north of China.
②to表示某一地区之外的某方位,不属于该范围—— A to B
e.g. Japan is to the east of China.
③on表示两地相接壤—— A on B
e.g. Korea is on the east of China.
介词用图示的方法归纳列举如下:
介 词 图 示 意 义 例 句
1 in 在…之内 The students are reading in the classroom.学生们在教师里读书。
2 on 在…上面 The boat is on the river.那条船在河上。
3 over 在…正上方 There are several bridges over the river. 河上有好几座桥。
4 under 在…正下方 The girl is sitting under the tree.小女孩坐在树下。
5 above 在…上方 The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云上飞行。
6 below 在…下方 The sun sinks below the horizon.太阳沉没在地平线下。
7 by 在…旁边 Our house is by the river.我们的房子在河边。
beside Come and sit beside me.过来坐在我旁边。
8 near 在…附近 I don’t need a car because I live near the city centre .我不需要汽车,因为我住在靠近市中心。
9 next to 紧挨… My best friend sits next to me in class.上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。
10 behind 在…后面 Olive hid behind a tree.奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。
11 before 在…之前 My teacher likes telling some jokes before class.我的老师喜欢在上课前讲一些笑话。
12 outside 在…外面 He parked his car outside the cinema.他把汽车停在电影院外面。
13 to 到…去 We walked to the fruit shop.我们步行到水果店。
14 from 从…来 I am from London.我来自于伦敦。
15 around 围绕… The Earth moves around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。
16 between 在…之间(指二者) The letter B is between A and C.字母B在A和C之间。
17 among 在…之间(指三者或三者以上) He is the tallest boy among us.他是我们中最高的男孩。
18 across 横过、越过… If the road is busy, don’t walk across it.如果道路拥挤,就不要横穿马路。
19 through 穿过… We drove through the tunnel.我们开车穿过了隧道。
20 onto 向上 The men lift the baskets onto the trucks.人们把篮子运上卡车。
21 into 进入到…之内 They put the apples into the baskets.他们把苹果放进篮子里。
22 out of 从…出来 Don’t look out of the window in class.上课时不要朝窗外看。
23 along 沿着 Walk along this street, then turn left, you can see the post office.沿着这条街走,然后向右拐,你就可以看到邮局。
24 up 向上 The monkeys climbed up the trees to pick the bananas.猴子爬上树上去摘香蕉。
25 down 向下 The ball is rolling down the hill.球正往山下滚。
(4)表示方式的介词
1.by、in和on——表交通
①by + 交通工具,意为“乘坐……”。
e.g.海:be ship / boat / sea /陆:by bus / car / train / bike / taxi /空:by air / plane / spaceship
②on / in + 限定词 + 交通工具,意为“乘坐……”。
在开放或半封闭型工具前用on ;/在封闭型工具前用in。
e.g. He goes to work on the bike / in his car.
on foot为固定短语,意为“步行”。
* 小口诀:
介词用来表交通,常把by, in, on来用;
限定、复数用in / on,by要直通海陆空;
骑马、骑车惯用on,小轿车前in才通。
2.in、with、through和by——“用”
①in主要表示 “用语言、笔墨、声音等”;
②with表示“用具体有形的东西”;
③through通过具体过程,途径,手段,中介;
④by表示“用……手段或方式”,后+动名词。
e.g. Can you sing this song in English
I write my homework with a pen.
I learned it through a friend.
The girl made money by selling flowers.
补充1:in穿戴 I am in a red dress.
补充2:with与......“一起,和,用”,做伴随状语。反义词:without 没有
e.g. I go to the park with my mother./You can write with a pen.
She is a woman with a three-year-old baby.
补充3:* within 在......之内;不超过……的范围
e.g Within 3 days, he will arrive here.
四、易混介词辨析
1.between 和among——之间
between常指 “在……两者之间”;
among用于指“在……三者或三者以上的人或物之间”。
e.g. Maria sits between Lucy and Lily. /Miss Wang stands among her students.
2. but、besides和except——除了.....之外
①besides—除了...之外,还有......
②but/ expert—除了....之外,(不再有)
but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,其后常+名词、代词或动词不定式。
but 常用在 every, any, no 和由这些词构成的复合词出现的句子中,并放在 everything,
anywhere, nobody 等以及 all, who 之后。
e.g. Nobody was late but you.
we have no choice but to wait for his reply.
* 注意:
当but前面有实义动词do或do的其他变化形式时,只加动词原形.。
e.g. I did nothing but wait there for two hours.
③except 其后接的词同句子的主语是同类的,指在同类的众多个体中除去一个个体。侧
重指后面除去的部分。
e.g. All the students go to the zoo except Jim.
补充:
* except for 其后所接的词同句子的主语不是同类的,指从整体中除去一个细节,一个方
面。即“美中不足”
e.g. Your writing is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
* except that+ 从句。
e.g. He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.
3.at和to
at同某些动词连用表攻击的目标,含有某种程度的恶意;
to只表示方向,无恶意。
e.g.Tom threw the stone at those dogs.(恶意的扔,“砸”)
I threw the ball to my sister and she caught it.(单纯的扔东西)
4.of 和from——材料介词
of用于成品与材料的性质不变时,看得出原材料。
e.g. The desk is made of wood.
from用于成品与材料的性质已变时,看不出原材料。
e.g. Wine is made from grapes.
5.like和as——像
e.g. The building looks like a hospital.
? This dress is the same as that one.
* as 还有“作为”的意思
e.g. Let me talk with you as a father.
五、常见介词短语
1.介词和动词搭配
do well in在.....方面做得好 laugh at嘲笑 look like 看起来像
depend on 依靠.... leave for出发? talk to与........谈话
2.介词和名词搭配
in time 及时 on time 准时 in trouble 有麻烦
answer to ....的答案 at the end of 在....底 in low voice 用低音
3.介词和形容词、过去分词搭配
be made of由...制成? be angry with sb对某人生气?
be angry at sth. 为某事生气? be pleased with sb对某人感到满意?
be satisfied with sth. 对某事感到满意? be surprised at对.....感到惊奇/诧异?
be tired of讨厌...? be interested in对.....感兴趣? be proud of以......为自豪/骄傲
【真题演练】
一、单项选择
1.Jim, _______ his father, _______ playing the piano a lot.
A.likes; likes B.like; like C.likes; like D.like; likes
2.Amy goes to her brother’s home ________ every Friday afternoon and goes back ________ Sundays.
A.in; on B.on; on C./; in D./; on
3.What’s that ________ English
A.for B.on C.in D.with
4.They arrived ________ Shanghai ________ a cold morning
A.in; on B.in; in C.at; on D.at; in
5.Miss Green was________white________her wedding day.
A.on; in B.in; on C.in; in D.on; on
6.Paper cuts are seen ________ doors, walls and windows during the Spring Festival.
A.in B.to C.on D.at
7.Our school’s Talent Show will be ________ November 2nd this year.
A.on B.in C.at D.to
8.—Will Sam come back ________ July
—No, he will come back ________ the morning of August 1st.
A.in; in B.on; in C.on; on D.in; on
9.The summer holiday starts _______ July and _______ 1 September our new term comes again.
A.in; in B.in; on C.on; in D.on; on
10.—_______ do you usually go to school
—_______ my bike.
A.What; By B.How; By C.What; On D.How; On
11.—When will Jim’s birthday party begin
—It will start ________ eight o’clock ________ the evening of November 18th.
A.at; on B.at; in C.on; in D./; on
12.—What’s this ________
—It’s a ruler.
A.in the English B.in English C.for English D.at English
13.We are all very happy that Shenzhou-13 with three astronauts was sent into space successfully ________October 16th, 2021.
A.to B.on C.in D.at
14.Nice ________ meet you!
A.to B.too C.for D.are
15.You can study grammar ________ memorizing it.
A.with B.by C.of D.in
16.—I could tell ________ the look on her face that something exciting had happened.
—You said it!
A.by B.on C.with D.for
17.—How do you study English
—________ watching English movies.
A.By B.On C.With D.In
18.The birthday of Nankai Secondary School is ________ October 17th.
A.in B.on C.at D.of
19.My uncle is a policeman. He works ________ Shanghai.
A.on B.to C.at D.in
20.—When is Teachers’ Day in your country
—It’s ________ September 10th. It’s the time for us ________ “thank you” to our teachers.
A.in; saying B.on; to say C.on; saying D.in; to say
【过关检测】
1.默写单元单词和词组。
2.复习本节课所学的重点笔记内容。
21.—When shall we meet
—Let’s meet __________ two o’clock __________ Saturday afternoon.
A.at; in B.in; at C.at; on D.in; on
22.—Simon, why do you play basketball________ every day
—You know, there will be a match ________ the morning of November 20.
A./; on B.on; in C./; in D.at; on
23.Mr Li and his family used to live ________ Lucky Island.
A.in B.at C.on D.to
24.— Our teacher ________ a friend to me.
— She is so kind.
A.likes B.is like C.like D.is liking
25.— Tell me more about your family.
— My grandfather was born ________ February, 1949.
A.on B.at C.in D.to
26.—How do you _______ the word “刺身” _______ Japanese
—It is sashimi.
A.say; in B.speak; with C.tell; in D.talk; with
27.The Communist Party of China had its 100th birthday ________ July 1, 2021.
A.in B.on C.at D.around
28.— Do you often read the English book
— Yes. I usually read it ________ before dinner.
A.half an hour B.for half a hour C.for half an hour D.a half hour
29._______ a student, you must obey the rules of the school.
A.Of B.With C.For D.As
30.Alan often runs _________ the morning, but _________ Sunday morning, he doesn’t.
A.in; in B.in; on C.on; on D.on; in
31.He _________ his homework _________ Sundays.
A.doesn’t; on B.don’t do; in C.don’t do; on D.doesn’t do; on
32.Tony usually eats breakfast _________ 6:30 _________ the morning.
A.at; at B.at; in C.in; at D.in; in
33.The Communist Party of China had its 100th birthday ________ July 1st, 2021.
A.in B.after C.past D.on
34.I want to buy a birthday present ________ Jane.
A.of B.to C.for D.at
35.Yuan Longpin, ________ 91-year-old scientist(科学家), died ________ May 22nd, 2021.
A.a ; on B.an ; on C.a ; in D.an ; in
36.Ox (牛) is the symbol of hard work and progress. I wish you great success ________ the Year of the Ox!
A.at B.on C.in D.for
37.We have an English class ________ nine o’clock ________ Monday morning.
A.on, at B.in, in C.on, on D.at, on
38.He usually goes to school ________ bike, but sometimes he goes to school on foot.
A.on B.by C.rides D.by a
39.—How do you practice your spoken English
—I do it ________ aloud every morning.
A.for read B.with reading C.by read D.by reading
40.The twins are similar ________ appearance but different ________ personality.
A.to; with B.in; to C.to; from D.with; in
41.Bob usually goes swimming ________ Saturday morning.
A.at B.on C.for D.in
42.Under the double reduction policy(双减政策), students can have more time for their hobbies ________ Saturdays and Sundays.
A.in B.at C.on D.for
43.________ a very young age, our parents have told us not to talk to strangers.
A.At B.From C.Since D.Before
44.—Why do you look unhappy
—Everyone ___________ me got an invitation to Lucy’s party.
A.except B.without C.besides D.through
45.The old man is a good swimmer, and now he often swims _______ the river.
A.over B.through C.to D.across
46. the end, we passed the examination the morning of June 29, 2020.
A.In; in B.In; on C.At; on D.At; in
47.I left my key in the room yesterday. I had to get in ________ the window.
A.across B.over C.through D.above
48.Reading is one of my hobbies. I can get a lot of knowledge ________ reading books.
A.at B.by C.with D.on
49.Thailand is ________ China.
A.in the south of B.south of C.on the north of D.to the north of
50.— Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February.
— Hubei is far from Heilongjiang. It’s ________ the south of China, ________ the south of Henan.
A.in; to B.on; to C.in; on D.on; in
参考答案
1.D
【详解】
句意:吉姆,像他的父亲一样,非常喜欢弹钢琴。
考查介词和动词的用法。第一空like是介词,表示“像……”,没有形式变化;第二空考查like doing sth“喜欢做某事”,句子的主语Tom是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故选D。
2.D
【详解】
句意:艾米每个星期五下午去她哥哥家,星期天再回去。
考查介词辨析。in其后加早中晚/季节/月份/年份等;on其后加星期或具体的时间。第一处every Friday afternoon前不加介词;第二处Sundays是星期,用介词on。故选D。
3.C
【详解】
句意:那个用英语怎么说?
考查介词辨析。for为了;on在……上面;in在……里面,用某种语言;with和……一起。根据“What’s that...English ”可知,此处表示用英语表达,in English表示“用英语”。故选C。
4.A
【详解】
句意:他们在一个寒冷的早晨到了上海。
考查介词辨析。arrive in到达,后面接大地点;arrive at到达,后面接小地点;on后面接具体的某一天;in后面接年/月/季节等,根据第一个空后的“Shanghai”是大地点可知,应该用arrive in,排除C和D,由第二个空后的“a cold morning”是具体的时间,用介词on,排除B,故选A。
5.B
【详解】
句意:格林女士在婚礼的那天穿着白色的衣服。
考查介词辨析。“in+颜色”表示穿着什么颜色的衣服。在具体的某一天前用介词on。故选B。
6.C
【详解】
句意:春节期间,门上、墙上、窗户上的剪纸随处可见。
考查介词。in在……里面;to到;on在……上面;at在某时、某地。根据“...doors, walls, and windows...”可知,此处应用介词on,表示“在门上、墙上、桌子上”。故选C。
7.A
【详解】
句意:我们学校的才艺表演将在今年11月2日举行。
考查介词辨析。on用于具体某一日之前;in用于年、月以及早中晚之前;at用于点时间之前;to对于。November 2nd是具体日子,故选A。
8.D
【详解】
句意:——Sam在7月份回来吗?——不,他会在8月1日的早上回来。
考查时间介词辨析。in后接某年某月某季节;on后接具体某一天。July是月份,故第一空应填in。“the morning of August 1st”是具体的一天,故第二空应填on,故选D。
9.B
【详解】
句意:暑假从七月开始,九月一日我们的新学期又开始了。
考查介词辨析。in泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间;on表示星期几或某一特定的日期。July七月,修饰月份用in;1 September九月一日,是具体的日期,介词用on。故选B。
10.D
【详解】
句意:——你通常如何去上学?——骑我的自行车。
考查特殊疑问句和介词短语。what什么;by通过,表方式;how怎样;on在……上面。by不可和交通工具直接连用,by bike骑自行车,on one’s bike骑自行车,都是固定短语;根据答语“…my bike”可知用on my bike,回答的是交通方式,问句需用how进行提问。故选D。
11.A
【详解】
句意:——Jim的生日派对什么时候开始?——它将在11月18日晚上8点开始。
考查时间介词辨析。at后接具体时刻;on后接具体一天;in后接某年某月某季节。“eight o’clock”是具体的时刻,故第一空填at。“the evening of November 18th”是指具体的一天,故第二空填on,故选A。
12.B
【详解】
句意:——这个用英语怎么说?——它是一把尺子。
考查介词用法。根据答语“It’s a ruler”可知是询问用英语如何表达。in+某种语言表示“使用某种语言”,故选B。
13.B
【详解】
句意:2021年10月16日,搭载三名宇航员的神舟十三号成功升空,对此我们都非常高兴。
考查介词的用法。to通常不用作时间介词;on用于星期,具体某一天等时间前面;in用于年、月等时间前面;at用于某个时刻前面。句中“October 16th, 2021”是具体的一天,所以用介词on,故选B。
14.A
【详解】
句意:见到你很高兴!
考查介词。to到;too也;for给;are是,根据固定句型nice to meet you“见到你很高兴”可知,应该用介词to,故选A。
15.B
【详解】
句意:你可以通过熟记它来学习语法。
考查介词辨析。with和,用;by通过;of……的;in在……里。空格后面的“memorizing it”是一种学习语法的方式,by doing“通过做某事”。故选B。
16.A
【详解】
句意:——我从她脸上的表情就知道发生了什么激动人心的事。——一点没错。
考查介词辨析。by通过;on在……上;with用,和;for为了。根据“I could tell”和“something exciting had happened.”可知,说话人通过表情看出发生了兴奋的事。故选A。
17.A
【详解】
句意:——你怎么学习英语?——通过看英文电影。
考查介词辨析。by通过;on在……上;with用;in在……里面。表示“通过某种方法”用介词by。故选A。
18.B
【详解】
句意:南开中学的生日是10月17日。
考查时间介词辨析。in后接某年某月某季节;on后接具体一天;at后接具体时刻;of……的。“October 17th”是具体的一天,故选B。
19.D
【详解】
句意:我叔叔是个警察。他在上海工作。
考查介词辨析。on在……上;to到……;at在……,后加小地方;in在……里,后加大地方。Shanghai“上海”是个大地方,应用in。故选D。
20.B
【详解】
句意:——你们国家的教师节是什么时候?——九月十日。这是我们向我们的老师说“谢谢你”的时候。
考查介词辨析和非谓语动词。in+年份、月份等;on+具体的某一天。“September 10th(九月十日)”是具体的一天,所以第一空应填介词on;根据“It’s time for sb. to do sth.”可知,第二空应填动词不定式“to say”。故选B。
21.C
【详解】
句意:——咱们什么时候见面?——周六下午两点吧。
考查介词。at在几点;in在某年某月或某个季节;on在具体某一天或某一天的上午、下午。two o’clock表示“两点”,前面用at;Saturday afternoon表示“周六下午”,前面用on。故选C。
22.A
【详解】
句意:——西蒙, 你为什么每天打篮球 ——你知道,在11月20日上午将有一场比赛。
考查时间介词辨析。in后常跟年份、月份等;on后常跟具体某一天或具体某天的早、中、晚;at后跟具体时刻点。此处第一空,由every构成的短语前不需加任何介词,第二空“the morning of November 20”指的是11月20日的上午,为具体日期的早上,需用介词on,故选A。
23.C
【详解】
句意:李先生和他的家人过去住在幸运岛。
考查介词辨析。in表地点时,指在某一立体空间范围内;at表地点时,指空间位置上的某一点;on表地点时,指某物与另一物表面相接触,或与某地方接壤等;to表示在某范围之外,两者之间可以互相连接,也可以不连接。根据“Lucky Island.”可知应该用on,on Lucky Island“在幸运岛上”。故选C。
24.B
【详解】
句意:——我们的老师就像我的朋友。——她是如此善良。
考查介词。like作动词讲,意思是“喜欢”,作介词讲,意思为“像,像……一样”。likes喜欢,三单形式;is like像……一样;like喜欢,原形;is liking错误形式,like表示状态,情感的动词,没有现在进行时。根据句中“a friend to me”及下文“She is so kind”可知是就像朋友一样对我,应用is like。故选B。
25.C
【详解】
句意:——跟我说说你的家庭。——我祖父出生于1949年2月。
考查时间介词,on+具体某一天/上午/下午;at+具体时间点;in+年/月/季节;to朝。根据“February, 1949.”,可知应该用介词in,故选C。
26.A
【详解】
句意:——“刺身”这个词日语怎么说?——是sashimi。
考查动词辨析和介词短语。say说;in用;speak说;with带有;tell告诉;talk谈话。介词in和语言名词连用表示用某种语言,with没有这个用法,后空可排除BD两项;结合语境,这里是问“用日语怎么说‘刺身’这个词”,可知tell和talk不合语境;speak用作及物动词后接语言,不合题意。“say sth. in +语言”表示用某种语言说某物,故选A。
27.B
【详解】
句意:中国共产党在2021年7月1日迎来了100岁生日。
考查介词的辨析。in在……,in加年,月,季节,一天中的上午,下午或晚上;on在……,后加具体的日期,星期几,节日等;at 在……,后加具体的时间点;around大约。根据“July 1, 2021.”可知,此处是具体的日期,用介词on。故选B。
28.C
【详解】
句意:——你经常读英语书吗?——是的。我通常在晚餐前读半个小时。
考查时间介词以及数词用法。half an hour表示“半小时”,且时间段常与介词for连用。故选C。
29.D
【详解】
句意:作为一个学生,你必须遵守学校的规则。
考查介词辨析。Of属于……的;With和;For为了;As作为。跟“a student, you must obey the rules of the school.”可知,作为一个学生,必须遵守学校的规则。故选D。
30.B
【详解】
句意:艾伦经常在早上跑步,但在星期天早上,他不跑步。
考查介词。in时间介词,后接早、中、晚等;on时间介词,后接具体的一天或具体某一天的早、中、晚等。根据“the morning”可知,第一空“in”符合句意;再者根据“Sunday morning”可知,是具体的一天早上,因此第二空“on”符合句意。故选B。
31.D
【详解】
句意:他周日不做作业。
考查主谓一致和时间介词。do one’s homework“做作业”;in后跟见、月、季节等时间段;on后跟星期、特定的某一天的时间。主语是第三人称单数He,否定句借助助动词doesn’t,谓语动词用原形,排除ABC;“Sundays”表示“每星期日”,在星期几用介词on。故选D。
32.B
【详解】
句意:托尼通常早上6点半吃早餐。
考查时间介词。at后跟具体某一时刻钟;in后跟年、月、季节等时间段,以及泛指的某个早晨、下午、晚上;“6:30”是具体的时刻钟,其前用介词at;in the morning“在早上”,是固定短语。故选B。
33.D
【详解】
句意:中国共产党在2021年7月1日迎来了它的100岁生日。
考查介词辨析。in后加年,月,季节,一天中的上午,下午或晚上;after在……之后;past超过;on后加具体的日期,星期几,节日等。根据“July 1st, 2021”可知,此处是具体的日期,用介词on。故选D。
34.C
【详解】
句意:我想给Jane买一个生日礼物。
考查介词。of……的;to到,往;for为,给;at在。buy sth. for sb.表示“给某人买某物”,因此用介词for。故选C。
35.A
【详解】
句意:袁隆平,一位91岁的科学家,于2021年5月22日去世。
考查冠词以及时间介词。91对应的英文是ninety-one,是以辅音音素开头的,故第一空填a。on后接具体时间;in后接某年某月某季节。“May 22nd, 2021”是具体的一天,故选A。
36.C
【详解】
句意:牛是努力工作和进步的象征。祝你牛年大吉!
考查介词辨析。at其后加点钟;on其后加星期或具体的时间;in其后加月/季节/年等;for其后加段时间。“the Year of the Ox”是年份,用in。故选C。
37.D
【详解】
句意:在星期一的早晨我们有一节英语课。
考查介词辨析。on表示星期几或某一特定的日期;at表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等;in泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间。句中“nine o’clock”是钟点时间,需用at;而Monday morning表示“星期一的早晨”,是具体的时间,需用on,故选D。
38.B
【详解】
句意:他通常骑自行车去上学,但有时他走路去上学。
考查动词及介词的用法。on在……上;by乘坐;rides骑。骑自行车的固定表达为“by bike”或“ride a bike”。故选B。
39.D
【详解】
句意:——你如何练习你的口语?——我一般通过每天早晨大声朗读。
考查介词的用法。for为了;对于;with带有;表伴随;by通过某种方式;到……为止;这三个都是介词,介词后跟动名词形式,故排除A、C;根据“How do you practice your spoken English ”可知,空处是介绍方法,用by doing表示,故选D。
40.C
【详解】
句意:这对双胞胎外貌相似,但性格不同。
考查介词。短语be similar to与……相似,所以第一个空用to;短语be different from与……不同,所以第二个空用from。故选C。
41.B
【详解】
句意:鲍勃通常在周六上午去游泳。
考查时间介词辨析。at经常和表示时间点的词连用;on经常和周几(或者周几的上下午,晚上)或者具体的一天连用;for后加一段时间;in和表示一段时间的词连用。根据“Saturday morning”,可知用on,故选B。
42.C
【详解】
句意:在双减政策下,学生们有更多的时间在周六周日做自己的爱好。
考查时间介词辨析。at主要和表示时间点的词连用;in主要和表示一段时间的词连用;on主要和星期几(及其上下午晚上),具体的一天,具体一天的上下午晚上,有天气修饰的时间连用;for加一段时间,表示“达多长时间”。此处和周六日连用,用介词on。故选C。
43.C
【详解】
句意:从很小的时候起,我们的父母就告诉我们不要和陌生人说话。
考查时间介词辨析。at在某一时刻;from从;since自从;before在……之前。根据“... our parents have told us not to talk to strangers.”可知此句是现在完成时,表从过去某一时刻开始,延续至今,因此用since。故选C。
44.A
【详解】
句意:——你为什么看起来不高兴?——除了我每个人都得到了参加露西聚会的邀请。
考查介词辨析。except除了;without没有;besides除了,还有;through通过。根据“Everyone ....me got an invitation to Lucy’s party”可知,此处指“除了我以外”,是把“我”排除在外的;而besides强调的是“除了……以外,还有……”,不合语境。故选A。
45.D
【详解】
句意:这位老人游泳游得很好,现在他经常游过这条河。
考查介词辨析。over在……上方;through(从物体内部)穿过;to朝,向;across(从物体表面)横穿。根据“swims ... the river”可知是游泳横穿河面。故选D。
46.B
【详解】
句意:最终,我们在2020年6月29日上午通过了考试。
考查时间介词和介词短语。in后跟年月、季节或泛指的早上、下午、晚上;on用在某日、某节日、星期几等前或在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上;at用在时间点前。in the end“终于, 最后”;at the end表示“在末尾、在尽头”。由“the morning of June 29, 2020”可知第二个空格处用on,排除A、D;根据“ we passed the examination...the morning of June 29, 2020.”可知,第一空表示“最后”。故选B。
47.C
【详解】
句意:昨天我将我的钥匙落在房间里。我不得不跳窗进入。
考查介词辨析。across“穿过(从表面穿过)”;over“穿过(从上方穿过)”;through“穿过(从内部穿过)”;above“在……上方”。根据“the window”可知,表示“从窗户内部穿过”,故选C。
48.B
【详解】
句意:阅读是我的爱好之一。我可以通过读书获得很多知识。
考查介词辨析。at在;by通过;with带有;on在……上。根据“I can get a lot of knowledge…reading books.”可知,通过读书获得知识,故选B。
49.B
【详解】
句意:泰国在中国南边。
考查方位表达。in the south of在所说范围内的南部;south of此处省略to the,表示在南边,不接壤;on the north of指相邻并且接壤的北部;to the north of表示在北边,不接壤。根据常识可知,泰国在中国南部,且不接壤。故选B。
50.C
【详解】
句意:——很多医生和护士在二月去了湖北。——湖北离黑龙江很远。它在中国南部,河南的南部。
考查方位介词。in表位置,“在内部”;to表位置,“在……面”,有一定距离;on表位置,比邻。根据常识可知,湖北在中国内部的南部,用介词in,湖北在河南的南部,相邻的位置,用介词on。故选C。