第13讲 现在完成时和过去完成时的用法
【学习目标】
1、掌握现在完成时、过去完成时的基本用法
2、完成专项训练
【基础知识】
现在完成时的用法
现在完成时基本用法介绍
基本概念：
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可以表示过去已经开始，一直
延续到现在的动作或状态。
基本句型:
肯定句：have/has+ done (过去分词 ( http: / / baike. / view / 235316.htm" \t "_blank ))
否定句：主语+have/has+not+ done (过去分词 ( http: / / baike. / view / 235316.htm" \t "_blank ))+其他.
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+ done (过去分词 ( http: / / baike. / view / 235316.htm" \t "_blank ))+其他.
简略答语：Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式 疑问式 简单回答（肯/否定）
I have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied… Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
They have not (haven’t)studied…. Have they studied… Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.
He has not (hasn’t) studied…. Has he studied… Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
基本结构:
have/has + 过去分词
eg:I have never seen such fine pictures before.
动词过去分词不规则变化:
动词的过去分词有规则形式和非规则形式两种，规则形式同过去式的规则形式。非规则形
式需要特殊记忆。可以这样分类：AAA、ABB、ABA、ABC、AAB
AAA式：bet, cost, cut, fit, hit, hurt, let, put, read, set, shut, spit, spread...
ABA式：come came come become became become run ran run
ABC式：steal stole stolen speak spoke spoken break broke broken
drive drove driven write wrote written give gave given
swim swam swum spring sprang sprung blow blew blown
begin began begun drink drank drunk grow grew grown
know knew known throw threw thrown show showed shown
draw drew drawn take took taken do did done see saw seen
ABB式：bring brought brought fight fought fought think thought thought
buy bought bought catch caught caught tear tore torn wear wore worn
keep kept kept sweep swept swept leave left left feel felt felt
pay paid paid say said said send sent sent lend lent lent
sell sold sold tell told told dig dug dug win won won
sit sat sat hear heard heard meet met met make made made lose lost lost
stand stood stood get got got build built built find found found
understand understood understood hold held held feed fed fed lead led led
AAB式：beat beat beaten
基本用法:
A．"完成用法"表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的
影响或结果），可以和already, never, ever, just, before, yet等副词连用,动作不延续。
The car has arrived. （结果：车子已在门口）
Someone has broken the window.（结果：窗户仍破着）
I can’t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.
(丢手表发生在过去，但现在还没有找到，即过去的动作对现在造成的影响。)
B. "未完成用法"表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻
延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、
疑问词how long等。
My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.
Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002.
How long have you been here
时间状语:
already（已经）, yet（尚且没有）never（从不）, ever（曾经）, just（刚才, before(之前）,since
（自从）,for（持续）,so far（迄今为止）, up to now=up till now（到目前为止),recently（最近）,lately（近来）,in the past/last+过去的时间，频率副词（often, sometimes...）,表示次数
（once,twice...）
eg:I have already finished my homework.
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
Have you finished your homework yet
Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。
用 already或 yet
1) Have they taken down the old pictures___________ No, not ___________.
2) Most of us have finished our compositions ___________.
3) He says he hasn’t visited the exhibition___________.
注意事项:
1.表示过去的时间状语以及when为首的疑问句，皆不可与现在完成时连用。
判断正误：T(truth) F( false)
2．瞬间动词
瞬间性动词（也可叫点动词或非延续性动词）表示的动作瞬间即可结束，不能再延续， 因此在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
常用瞬间性动词：
(1) 来(come)、去(go)、到(get to/reach/arrive at)、离(leave)、看(see)、听hear
(2) 买(buy)、卖(sell)、开(open)、关(close)、起床(get up)
(3) 参加(join/take part in)、开发(begin/start)、还给(return/give) 借(给)(borrow/lend)
(4) 变成(become/turn)、带来(bring/take)、给(give)、死亡(die)、完成(finish/end)、收到
(receive/hear from)
因此，不能说：
He has come here for 2 weeks. ×
The old man has died for 4 months. ×
They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
以上三句话可以改为：
He has_________ _________ for 2 weeks.
The old man has _________ _________ for 4 months.
They have _________ _________ only for 5 minutes.
3.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换
/ open
closed
/
//
/ /
/...
4.如果谓语动态是瞬间动词的否定式，则可以和表示一段时间的短语for连用。
e g :I haven’t seen him for a long time.
5.句型：It is(has been)+ 时间段 + since… “自从……以来有一段时间了”
其中要求since引导的从句必须采用一般过去时，而主句是一般现在时或现在完成时。
e g : It is / has been four days since I caught a cold.
It is / has been two weeks since we met last.
It is/ has been three years since his brother joined the army.
It is/ has been ten years since they got married.
补充：该从句的谓语动词是瞬间性动词时，从句正常翻译；
如果该从句的谓语动词是延续性动词作，从句必须作否定翻译。
e g :It is two hours since he left the classroom.
It is three years since he worked there.
It is five years since he became a soldier.
It is five years since he was a soldier.
特殊用法比较：
(1)比较since和for
since +时间点， for+时间段
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born.
My aunt has worked in a company since 1949.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。
例如：(1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。
错误：I have bought the book for three months.
正确：I have had the book for three months.
(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？
错误：How long has your brother joined the army
正确：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier
(2)比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been in
have(has) been to...表示“曾去过某地，已回”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。
have(has) gone to表示“已经去了某地，在没回”。
have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用
eg:He went to Shanghai last week. 上周他去了上海.
eg:He has been to Shanghai several times. 他(曾经)到/去过上海. (已回)
eg:Where is Tom -- He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了.(没回)
eg:Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了
现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别
1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。）
I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
2. 一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week, ago, in1990, in October, just now,
现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, until, up to now,recently
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，
要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
过去完成时的用法
过去完成时基本用法介绍
基本概念：
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的
时间是“过去的过去”。
图示如下：
----|-------------------------- |---------------------------|----------------------->
过去完成 过去 现在 将来
eg:He asked if you had written to Peter already.
基本结构：
had + 过去分词
eg:They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came
基本句型：
① 基本形式:had + 过去分词。如:
We had reached the top of the hill before midnight.
② 否定形式:had + not + 过去分词。如:
They hadn’t finished the work when we got there.
③ 一般疑问句形式:had提到句首,回答用Yes, 主语 + had. / No, 主语 + hadn’t.
—Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday
—Yes, he had./No, he hadn’t.
基本用法：
① 用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。
如told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
eg:My father asked me if I had finished reading that book.
eg:She said that she had seen the film before.
② 用在“after / before / when + 过去时态引导的时间状语从句”或有“by+过去时间”的时间状语从句。
eg:Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home.
eg:We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
eg:When I got to the station, the train had already left.
eg:After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后
关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：
eg:Where did you study before you came here
eg:After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
eg: Lily had written some letters before she went out shopping.
时间状语：
(1). By the time sb. did sth.
e.g. By the time the police arrived at the shop, the owner of the shop had caught the thief.
(2). When/After sb. did sth.(动作有先后发生的顺序)
e.g. When we reached the station hurriedly, the train had left.
(3). Before sb. did sth.
e.g. Before I went to bed last night, I had done my homework.
【真题演练】
现在完成时专项练习
一．用since和for填空：
1. ________two years
2._________ two years ago
3. _________last month
4.________1999
5._________ yesterday
6. __________4 o’clock
7. ________ 4 hours
8._________she left here
9. He has lived in Nanjing __________ the year before last.
10. I’ve known him ___________we were children.
11. Our teacher has studied Japanese ___________three years.
12. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
13. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
二．同义句转换：
1.He died 10 years ago. →He ______________ for ___________.
2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. →He _____________the book for __________.
3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. →He ___________the motorbike since___________.
4. He arrived here three days ago.→He ____________here since_____________.
5. He left here 2 years ago.→ He ____________from here for __________.
6. The film began 30 minutes ago. →The film __________ since_________.
7. They opened the door an hour ago.→The door __________ for ___________.
8. I fall asleep two hours ago. →I ____________since______________.
三．用适当时态填空：
1.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
2.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
3. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
4. My father _____________(read) the novel twice.
5. Look! The monkeys __________ (climb) the tree.
6. I_________ already _________ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
7. My mother ________ just _________ (come) back from work.She is tired now.
8. Where’s Li Ming He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
9._______ he________(finish) his work today --Not yet.
10. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
11. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
12. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here -- For two weeks.
13. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
14._______ you ______ (find) your science book yet
16. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.
17. My mother __________ (visit) my grandparents next Sunday.
18. I___________ (lose) my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere
19._______you_________ (finish) your work just now
20. How often_______she_______(play) the piano --Twice a week.
四．按要求完成句子：
1、He has never surfed, ____________ （改成反义疑问句）
2. My father has lived here since 2000.(对划线部分提问)
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________
3、The old man _________ last year. He ____________for a year. (die) （动词填空）
4、Miss Green left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Green_______ _______ _______ _________an hour ago.
5. I have already learned English for ten years.
否定句：I _________ _________ English for ten years__________.
一般疑问句：_________ _________ _________English for ten years__________？
肯否定回答：_________ _________./_________ _________ .
6. I have been there for two days.(对划线部分提问)
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________
7. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)
We __________ __________English__________three years.
keys：
一．1-13 for; since; since; since; since; since; for; since; since; since; for; for; since
二．1.has been dead, 10 years 2.has kept,2 weeks 3.has had, a month ago
4.has been, three days ago 5.has been away, 2 years 6.has been on, 30 minutes ago
7.has been open, an hour 8.have been asleep, two hours ago
三．1. Have been 2.came 3.have passed,left 4.has read 5.are climbing 6.have,seen,saw
7.has come 8.has gone 9. Has, finished 10.have worked, moved 11.have made
12.has, stayed 13.goes 14. Have, found 16.were reading 17.will visit
18.lost, Have, seen 19. Did, finish 20.does play
四．1. has he 2. How long has, lived here 3.died, has been dead 4.has been away since
5.haven’t learned, yet, Have you learned, yet, Yes I have, No I haven’t
6. How long have, been here 7.have learned,for
过去完成时专项练习
I. Choose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案)
1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _____ when he _____ at the party.
A. left, had arrived B. left, arrived
C. had left, had arrived D. had left, arrived
2. What______Jane______by the time he was seven
A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done
3. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I ______the dinner already.
A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
4. She said she _______the principle already.
A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen
5. She had written a number of books ________the end of last year.
A. for B. in C. by D. at
6 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.
A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work
7. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.
A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed
8.They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living
9. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago.
A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived
10. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned
11. Fergie_______ the project in one hour.
A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished
12. The man ________ his coat and went out.
A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on
13.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _______for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
二.用动词的适当形式填空：
1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.
2.The Reads ______________(have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house.
3.We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
4. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.
5. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.
6. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.
7. My mother ___________(be)a teacher since 2003.
8. I ___________(wash)all the clothes. So I can have a rest.
9. They ___________(stay)in China for a long time.
10. My father ___________(arrive)home before nine o’clock last night.
keys：
一．1-13 DDADC CDCCB BAD
二．1.had painted, moved 2.were having, got 3.had learned 4.hasn’t told 5.had given
6.had been 7.has been 8.have washed 9.have stayed 10.had arrived
【过关检测】
1.默写单元单词和词组。
2.复习本节课所学的重点笔记内容。
一、单项选择
1．My uncle___________ in England since ten years ago.
A．lives B．lived C．will live D．has lived
2．By seven o’clock this morning, Allen ________ breakfast with his wife.
A．will have B．had C．had had D．is having
3．Hundreds of students ________ to communicate as volunteer by the end of last year.
A．sent B．had sent C．had been sent D．were sent
4．Before the typhoon arrived, around 1.8 million people ________ to safety.
A．moves B．has moved C．were moving D．had moved
5．By the end of last March, We ________ fifty trees in the schoolyard.
A．plant B．were planting C．had planted D．will plant
6．By the end of last month, they ________ the work on the new hospital already.
A．finish B．will finish C．has finished D．had finished
7．By the end of last December, little Arthur _______ over 400 English words.
A．will learn B．has learned C．is learning D．had learned
8．What a good time they had ________ in the party singing and dancing!
A．taken B．spent C．spending D．taking
9．I met Li Lei in the street yesterday. We ________ each other since we left high school.
A．haven’t seen B．hadn’t seen
C．didn’t see D．weren’t seeing
10．Han Mei told me she ________ lunch, so she was very hungry.
A．has had B．hasn’t have
C．have had D．hadn’t had
11．—How long ________ the movie ________ when the students got there
—About 10 minutes.
A．has; begun B．had; begun
C．had; been on D．has; been on
12．Mr. Black didn’t tell me how long ________ in his email.
A．he had come to Shanghai B．had he been to Shanghai
C．he had been to Shanghai D．he had been in Shanghai
13．The new suspension bridge ________ by the end of last month.
A．has been designed B．had been designed C．was designed D．would be designed
14．When I got to the cinema, the film ________ for ten minutes.
A．has begun B．had begun C．had been on D．was
15．Amazing changes ________ place ________ three years ago.
A．took, for B．was taken, since C．have taken, since D．has taken, at
16．My brother ________ France on business and he won’t be back in a week.
A．has gone B．has gone to C．has been D．has been to
17．—Mum, I want to watch Youth With You on iqiyi tonight.
—Oh, dear. It ________ for nearly twenty e on.
A．will begin B．will be on C．has begun D．has been on
18．—Tom, you speak French so well.
—Thank you. I ________ French for 6 years.
A．learn B．learned C．will learn D．have learned
19．Wanda Plaza ________ for many years, but I ________ there only once.
A．has opened; have gone B．has opened; has been
C．has been open; have gone D．has been open; have been
20．There ________ great changes in my hometown in the last ten years.
A．is B．are C．has been D．have been
21．—Are you new here
—No. We ________ here for 5 years.
A．lived B．will live C．have lived D．are living
22．—Do you know Mary well, Tom
—Of course, since we met 3 years ago, we ________ friends with each other.
A．have been B．were C．made D．have made
23．I’m so glad that I ________ nearly half of the test now.
A．finish B．finished C．will finish D．have finished
24．— The air here is much fresher than before.
— Exactly! We ________ a lot of trees in the past few years.
A．planted B．were planting C．have planted D．will plant
25．Corn production ________ nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years in China.
A．jumped B．jumps C．will jump D．has jumped
26．We have been in China ________ three years. We like it.
A．in B．for C．since D．from
27．—Maria, what do you think of Mount Fanjing
—Very cool. I ___________ there once. I’d like to go there again.
A．has been B．have been C．have gone D．has gone
28．— Where is Mr. Green
— He _________ the bookstore. You have to wait for him.
A．was going to B．has gone to C．has been to D．is going to
29．—This is a really old bike.
—Yes, I _________it for seven years.
A．have had B．have bought C．bought D．had bought
30．— How happy your grandparents are!
— Yes, they _________ for fifty years.
A．have married B．have been married
C．have got married D．married
31．—Could I ________ your bicycle
—Sure, and you can ________ it for a week.
A．borrow; borrow B．borrow; keep C．lend; lend D．lend; borrow
32．— How long can I __________ your dictionary
— One day, I’m afraid. In fact, it’s not mine. I __________ it from Lily.
A．borrow; borrowed B．lend; lent
C．keep; borrowed D．keep; lent
33．Bill had worked effectively last night. By 9 o’clock, he ________ all the emails on his computer.
A．will check B．had checked C．have checked D．checked
34．When I reached home, my parents ________ their supper.
A．are having B．have already had C．had D．had already had
35．Wang Ying is good at English. She ________ nearly two thousand English words by last month.
A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．had learned
36．Mrs. Brown ________ her keys in the office, so she had to wait until her husband ________ home.
A．has left; comes B．had left; came C．had been away; came D．has been away; comes
37．They ________ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.
A．had finished B．have finished C．had been finished D．have been finished
38．—Can I see Miss Gu at the moment, please
—I’m afraid not. She ________ Nanjing for 2 days. She’ll come back in three days.
A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．went
39．If I ________ harder when I was young, I ________ a university and lived a different life.
A．worked; would entered B．had worked; would have entered
C．would worked; had entered D．have worked; will have entered
40．By the time we got to the station, David ________ for ten minutes.
A．has left B．had left C．has been away D．had been away
参考答案
1．D
【详解】
句意：自从十年前我的叔叔就住在英国。
考查动词的时态。根据“since ten years ago”可知讲述的是动作过去开始延续到现在的状态，句子是现在完成时，动词用“has lived”。故选D。
2．C
【详解】
句意：到今天早上七点，艾伦已经和他的妻子一起吃过早餐了。
考查过去完成时。时间状语“seven o’clock this morning（今天早上7点）”是表示过去的时间，而加上介词“by（到……为止）”表示在今天早上7点之前吃早餐的动作已完成，由此可知他们一起吃早餐的动作发生在过去的过去，所以此句时态应用过去完成时。故选C。
3．C
【详解】
句意：到去年年底，已有数百名学生被派去做志愿者交流。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语by the end of last year可知，句子应用过去完成时，主语Hundreds of students和谓语动词之间存在被动意义，故用过去完成时的被动语态，其结构是had been+过去分词，故选C。
4．D
【详解】
句意：在台风到来之前，大约180万人已经转移到安全地带。
考查过去完成时。“around 1.8 million people…to safety”动作发生在“Before the typhoon arrived”之前，“过去的过去”是过去完成时，故选D。
5．C
【详解】
句意：到去年三月底为止，我们已经在校园里种了五十棵树。
考查过去完成时。根据“By the end of last March”可知，种树的动作发生在去年三月底之前，此处强调“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，故选C。
6．D
【详解】
句意：到上个月底，他们已经完成了新医院的建设工作。
考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语“By the end of last month”可知，句子应用过去完成时，构成形式为：had done；finish的过去分词是finished。故选D。
7．D
【详解】
句意：到去年12月底，小亚瑟已经学了400多个英语单词。
考查过去完成时。“the end of last December”表示的是过去的时间，而此时间状语加上介词“ by（到……为止）”表示的是过去的过去，由此可知“学习英语单词”发生在过去的过去，时态应用过去完成时。故选D。
8．B
【详解】
句意：他们在晚会上又唱又跳，多么开心啊！
考查动词辨析及时态辨析。take花费（时间），常用于“It takes/take sb. time to do sth.”句式中；spend花费（时间或金钱），常用于spend ... (in) doing sth.或spend ... on sth.结构中。分析句子结构可知此处用spend；再由“had”可知用过去完成时，此处用spend的过去分词形式spent。故选B。
9．B
【详解】
句意：昨天我在街上遇到了李雷。我们高中毕业后就没见过面。
考查动词时态。see看见。根据“since we left high school.”可知，此处应用完成时；根据“I met Li Lei ”可知，我遇见李雷是过去时，所以我们没见到对方是过去的过去，需用过去完成时，故选B。
10．D
【详解】
句意：韩梅告诉我她还没吃午饭，所以她很饿。
考查过去完成时。have吃。根据“she was very hungry”可知，她很饿，所以她没吃午饭；她很饿是一般过去时，所以没吃午饭是在肚子饿之前，所以是过去的过去，需用过去完成时，故选D。
11．C
【详解】
句意：——当学生们进去的时候，电影播放了多久？——大约10分钟。
考查过去完成时。has/had助动词；begun开始，非延续动词；been on开始，表状态。根据“when the students got there”可知，when后面引导的从句是一般过去时，所以电影是在学生进去之前开始播放的，所以是过去的过去，助动词用had；因电影的播放是延续性动作，需用been on，故选C。
12．D
【详解】
句意：在他的邮件中，Black先生没有说他在上海待了多久。
考查宾语从句及词义辨析。had come to来过；had been to去过；had been in一直在。根据“how long”可知，本题表示“在上海呆了多久”，所以应用had been in；此外，宾语从句语序为陈述语序。故选D。
13．B
【详解】
句意：这座新吊桥是上个月底设计的。
考查被动语态。根据“by the end of last month.”可知，动作发生在过去的过去，要用过去完成时；再根据主语“bridge”与“design”是被动关系，故要用被动语态；过去完成时的被动语态为had been+过去分词。故选B。
14．C
【详解】
句意：当我到达电影院的时候，这个电影已经开始播放了10分钟。
考查过去完成时的被动语态。在这个时间状语从句中，主句谓语动词的动作发生在从句谓语动作之前，即在“到达电影院”之前“电影开演了十分钟”，故主句谓语动词应该用过去完成时，又因为begin 这个动作无法延续，所以用be动词加上on来表示动作的延续。故选C。
15．C
【详解】
句意：三年前以来发生了惊人的变化。
考查现在完成时。根据“Amazing changes...place...three years ago.”可知，此处强调变化已经发生，用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词用have，故选C。
16．B
【详解】
句意：我的哥哥因公去了法国，一周内他不会回来。
考查现在完成时态。has gone to 表示“去了某地”，当地点为副词时“to”要省略；has been to表示“曾经去过某地”，即有过去某地的经历，地点为副词时“to”省略。根据“he won’t be back in a week”可知此处表示去了法国，France“法国”，表示具体的地点，所以“to”不可以省略，故选B。
17．D
【详解】
句意：——妈妈，今天晚上我想在爱奇艺上观看《青春有你》这个节目。——噢，亲爱的。《青春有你》已经播了20分钟了。快去看吧。
考查现在完成时态。“for+一段时间”是现在完成时态的标志性时间状语。现在完成时态的构成为“have/has+动词的过去分词”。由“for nearly twenty minutes”表示“已经播出了20分钟了”可知本题应用现在完成时态。又因为C选项中的begun表“开始”，是一个非延续性动词，不能与“for nearly twenty minutes”连用，因此C选项不选。D选项中“has been on”表“上演”，属于一种持续状态，可与“for nearly twenty minutes”连用。故选D。
18．D
【详解】
句意：——Tom，你法语说得很好。——谢谢。我已经学习法语6年了。
考查现在完成时。learn学习，根据“for 6 years”可知，时态是现在完成时，故选D。
19．D
【详解】
句意：万达广场已经开业多年，但我只去过一次。
考查动词时态。for+一段时间，动词要用延续性动词，open是短暂性动词，对应的延续性动词是be open，排除A和B选项。has gone to去了某地（还未回来）；has been to去过某地（已回来）。根据“but I … there only once.”可知，曾经去过，现在已经回来，故选D。
20．D
【详解】
句意：在过去的十年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
考查时态辨析。根据“in the last ten years”可知要用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，主语“great changes”是复数，助动词用have。故选D。
21．C
【详解】
句意：——你是新来的吗？——不是。我们在这里住了5年了。
考查动词时态。根据“for 5 years”可知，时态为现在完成时，结构是“have/has+过去分词”；主语是“we”，要用have，live的过去分词为lived。故选C。
22．A
【详解】
句意：——Tom，你非常了解Mary吗？——当然，自从我们3年前认识以来，我们一直是好朋友。
考查动词时态。since+一般过去时的从句，主句用现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词，make是短暂性动词，be friends是延续性动词，故选A。
23．D
【详解】
句意：我很高兴我现在已经完成了将近一半的考试。
考查动词时态。根据“I’m so glad that I...nearly half of the test now.”可知，这里是过去的动作一直持续到现在，所以用现在完成时，结构是“have/has+过去分词”，故选D。
24．C
【详解】
句意：——这里的空气比以前新鲜多了。——确实！在过去的几年里，我们种了很多树。
考查现在完成时。根据“in the past few years”可知，此处强调过去种的树使现在的空气更清新，强调对现在的影响，所以应用现在完成时，其谓语结构是：have/has+动词的过去分词，故选C。
25．D
【详解】
句意：在过去的25年里，中国的玉米产量增长了将近125%。
考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语“over the past 25 years”可知，句子应用现在完成时态，主语是不可数名词，助动词用has，故选D。
26．B
【详解】
句意：我们在中国待了三年了。我们喜欢它。
考查介词辨析。in+时间段，和一般将来时连用；for+时间段，和现在完成时连用；since后面接时间点；from从，根据空前的“We have been in China”是现在完成时可知，应该用介词for，故选B。
27．B
【详解】
句意：——玛丽亚，你认为梵净山怎么样？——非常棒。我去过那里一次，我想再去一次。
考查时态辨析。has been去过已回，第三人称单数；have been原形；have gone去了未回，原形；has gone第三人称单数；根据“there once. I’d like to go there again.”可知，她去过已回；主语为I，用动词原形，故选B。
28．B
【详解】
句意：——格林先生在哪里？——他去了书店。你得等等他。
考查动词时态。was going to打算去……，过去将来时；has gone to去了某地（没回来），现在完成时；has been to去过某地（已回来），现在完成时；is going to打算去……，一般将来时。根据下文“You have to wait for him.”可知，空处指是去了书店，还未回来。故选B。
29．A
【详解】
句意：——这是一辆非常旧的自行车。——是的，我已经买了7年了。
考查现在完成时。have had已经拥有多长时间了，现在完成时；have bought买，现在完成时；bought买，过去式。根据“for seven years”，可知本句应该用现在完成时，其构成为“have/has done”，buy是瞬间动词，在现在完成时中不能和时间段连用，所以用have“拥有”，其过去分词为“had”。故选A。
30．B
【详解】
句意：——你的祖父母多么幸福啊！——是的，他们结婚五十年了。
考查动词时态以及延续性动词。for+一段时间要与现在完成时一起连用，且动词要用延续性动词，get married和marry是短暂性动词，延续性动词是be married，故选B。
31．B
【详解】
句意：——我可以借你的自行车吗？——当然了，你可以借一周。
考查动词。borrow借入，非延续性动词；keep保存，延续性动词；lend借出，非延续性动词。根据句意，空一表示“借入”，应用borrow；空二后面和一段时间a week连用，应用延续性动词keep，故选B。
32．C
【详解】
句意：——你的字典我可以借多久？——恐怕只能借一天。事实上，它不是我的。我从莉莉那借来的。
考查动词辨析。borrow借入；lend借出；keep保管。根据“How long”可知第一空用延续性动词keep，排除AB；再由“In fact, it’s not mine.”可知是从莉莉那借来的，第二空用borrow，排除D。故选C。
33．B
【详解】
句意：比尔昨晚干得很出色。 到9点钟，他已经在电脑上检查了所有的电子邮件。
考查动词时态。根据“Bill had worked effectively last night.”可知，本句是过去完成时，结构是had done。且题空处的意思是“昨晚到9点钟的时候，他已经在电脑上检查了所有的电子邮件”，表示已在昨天9点前完成工作，即过去的过去，因此也是用过去完成时态。故选B。
34．D
【详解】
句意：当我到家时，我父母已经吃过晚饭了。
考查动词时态。根据“When I reached home”可知，从句时态是一般过去时，主句时态肯定跟过去时态有关；而“吃晚饭”这个动作发生在“到家”之前，因此用过去完成时态。故选D。
35．D
【详解】
句意：王英擅长英语。到上个月为止，她已经学了将近两千个英语单词。
考查过去完成时。由by last month判断，此处需用过去完成时，其结构是：助动词had+动词的过去分词。故选D。
36．B
【详解】
句意：Brown太太已经把钥匙落在办公室了，所以她必须等她丈夫回来。
考查时态。leave遗留，be away离开，come回来。根据“she had to...”以及所给的选项词汇可知，Brown太太丢钥匙动作发生在这之前，所以应用过去完成时，应用had left，表示“已经丢了”。再结合“she had to wait until her husband...home.”可知，此处应用一般过去时，所以用came，表示“直到他回来”。故选B。
37．A
【详解】
句意：到上个月底，他们已经印完了500份。
考查过去完成时的用法。根据“by the end of last month.”可知时态为过去完成时，且主语They和谓语动词之间是主动关系，故选A。
38．C
【详解】
句意：——请问我现在能看看顾老师吗？——恐怕不能。她去南京两天了。她三天之后会回来。
考查时态。根据“...for 2 days.”可知此句时态是现在完成时，动作从过去开始延续至今，动词用延续性动词，此处表示在南京已经两天了，“has been in”表示“在某地多长时间了”符合题意。故选C。
39．B
【详解】
句意：如果我年轻时多努力一点，我就能上大学，过一种不同的生活。
考查虚拟语气。分析句子可知，本句是虚拟语气；根据“when I was young”，可知是与过去事实相反的假设，if从句需用had done结构，主句用would have done结构。故选B。
40．D
【详解】
句意：在我们到车站的时候，David已经离开十分钟了。
考查时态。根据“By the time we got to the station,”可知，此处应用过去完成时。再结合“for ten minutes”可知，此处应用延续性动词，所以应用had been away，表示“已经离开”。故选D。第13讲 现在完成时和过去完成时的用法
【学习目标】
1、掌握现在完成时、过去完成时的基本用法
2、完成专项训练
【基础知识】
现在完成时的用法
现在完成时基本用法介绍
基本概念：
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可以表示过去已经开始，一直
延续到现在的动作或状态。
基本句型:
肯定句：have/has+ done (过去分词 ( http: / / baike. / view / 235316.htm" \t "_blank ))
否定句：主语+have/has+not+ done (过去分词 ( http: / / baike. / view / 235316.htm" \t "_blank ))+其他.
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+ done (过去分词 ( http: / / baike. / view / 235316.htm" \t "_blank ))+其他.
简略答语：Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式 疑问式 简单回答（肯/否定）
I have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied… Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
They have not (haven’t)studied…. Have they studied… Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.
He has not (hasn’t) studied…. Has he studied… Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
基本结构:
have/has + 过去分词
eg:I have never seen such fine pictures before.
动词过去分词不规则变化:
动词的过去分词有规则形式和非规则形式两种，规则形式同过去式的规则形式。非规则形
式需要特殊记忆。可以这样分类：AAA、ABB、ABA、ABC、AAB
AAA式：bet, cost, cut, fit, hit, hurt, let, put, read, set, shut, spit, spread...
ABA式：come came come become became become run ran run
ABC式：steal stole stolen speak spoke spoken break broke broken
drive drove driven write wrote written give gave given
swim swam swum spring sprang sprung blow blew blown
begin began begun drink drank drunk grow grew grown
know knew known throw threw thrown show showed shown
draw drew drawn take took taken do did done see saw seen
ABB式：bring brought brought fight fought fought think thought thought
buy bought bought catch caught caught tear tore torn wear wore worn
keep kept kept sweep swept swept leave left left feel felt felt
pay paid paid say said said send sent sent lend lent lent
sell sold sold tell told told dig dug dug win won won
sit sat sat hear heard heard meet met met make made made lose lost lost
stand stood stood get got got build built built find found found
understand understood understood hold held held feed fed fed lead led led
AAB式：beat beat beaten
基本用法:
A．"完成用法"表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的
影响或结果），可以和already, never, ever, just, before, yet等副词连用,动作不延续。
The car has arrived. （结果：车子已在门口）
Someone has broken the window.（结果：窗户仍破着）
I can’t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.
(丢手表发生在过去，但现在还没有找到，即过去的动作对现在造成的影响。)
B. "未完成用法"表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻
延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、
疑问词how long等。
My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.
Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002.
How long have you been here
时间状语:
already（已经）, yet（尚且没有）never（从不）, ever（曾经）, just（刚才, before(之前）,since
（自从）,for（持续）,so far（迄今为止）, up to now=up till now（到目前为止),recently（最近）,lately（近来）,in the past/last+过去的时间，频率副词（often, sometimes...）,表示次数
（once,twice...）
eg:I have already finished my homework.
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
Have you finished your homework yet
Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。
用 already或 yet
1) Have they taken down the old pictures___________ No, not ___________.
2) Most of us have finished our compositions ___________.
3) He says he hasn’t visited the exhibition___________.
注意事项:
1.表示过去的时间状语以及when为首的疑问句，皆不可与现在完成时连用。
判断正误：T(truth) F( false)
2．瞬间动词
瞬间性动词（也可叫点动词或非延续性动词）表示的动作瞬间即可结束，不能再延续， 因此在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
常用瞬间性动词：
(1) 来(come)、去(go)、到(get to/reach/arrive at)、离(leave)、看(see)、听hear
(2) 买(buy)、卖(sell)、开(open)、关(close)、起床(get up)
(3) 参加(join/take part in)、开发(begin/start)、还给(return/give) 借(给)(borrow/lend)
(4) 变成(become/turn)、带来(bring/take)、给(give)、死亡(die)、完成(finish/end)、收到
(receive/hear from)
因此，不能说：
He has come here for 2 weeks. ×
The old man has died for 4 months. ×
They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
以上三句话可以改为：
He has_________ _________ for 2 weeks.
The old man has _________ _________ for 4 months.
They have _________ _________ only for 5 minutes.
3.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换
/ open
closed
/
//
/ /
/...
4.如果谓语动态是瞬间动词的否定式，则可以和表示一段时间的短语for连用。
e g :I haven’t seen him for a long time.
5.句型：It is(has been)+ 时间段 + since… “自从……以来有一段时间了”
其中要求since引导的从句必须采用一般过去时，而主句是一般现在时或现在完成时。
e g : It is / has been four days since I caught a cold.
It is / has been two weeks since we met last.
It is/ has been three years since his brother joined the army.
It is/ has been ten years since they got married.
补充：该从句的谓语动词是瞬间性动词时，从句正常翻译；
如果该从句的谓语动词是延续性动词作，从句必须作否定翻译。
e g :It is two hours since he left the classroom.
It is three years since he worked there.
It is five years since he became a soldier.
It is five years since he was a soldier.
特殊用法比较：
(1)比较since和for
since +时间点， for+时间段
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born.
My aunt has worked in a company since 1949.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。
例如：(1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。
错误：I have bought the book for three months.
正确：I have had the book for three months.
(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？
错误：How long has your brother joined the army
正确：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier
(2)比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been in
have(has) been to...表示“曾去过某地，已回”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。
have(has) gone to表示“已经去了某地，在没回”。
have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用
eg:He went to Shanghai last week. 上周他去了上海.
eg:He has been to Shanghai several times. 他(曾经)到/去过上海. (已回)
eg:Where is Tom -- He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了.(没回)
eg:Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了
现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别
1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。）
I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
2. 一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week, ago, in1990, in October, just now,
现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, until, up to now,recently
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，
要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
过去完成时的用法
过去完成时基本用法介绍
基本概念：
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的
时间是“过去的过去”。
图示如下：
----|-------------------------- |---------------------------|----------------------->
过去完成 过去 现在 将来
eg:He asked if you had written to Peter already.
基本结构：
had + 过去分词
eg:They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came
基本句型：
① 基本形式:had + 过去分词。如:
We had reached the top of the hill before midnight.
② 否定形式:had + not + 过去分词。如:
They hadn’t finished the work when we got there.
③ 一般疑问句形式:had提到句首,回答用Yes, 主语 + had. / No, 主语 + hadn’t.
—Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday
—Yes, he had./No, he hadn’t.
基本用法：
① 用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。
如told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
eg:My father asked me if I had finished reading that book.
eg:She said that she had seen the film before.
② 用在“after / before / when + 过去时态引导的时间状语从句”或有“by+过去时间”的时间状语从句。
eg:Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home.
eg:We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
eg:When I got to the station, the train had already left.
eg:After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后
关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：
eg:Where did you study before you came here
eg:After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
eg: Lily had written some letters before she went out shopping.
时间状语：
(1). By the time sb. did sth.
e.g. By the time the police arrived at the shop, the owner of the shop had caught the thief.
(2). When/After sb. did sth.(动作有先后发生的顺序)
e.g. When we reached the station hurriedly, the train had left.
(3). Before sb. did sth.
e.g. Before I went to bed last night, I had done my homework.
【真题演练】
现在完成时专项练习
一．用since和for填空：
1. ________two years
2._________ two years ago
3. _________last month
4.________1999
5._________ yesterday
6. __________4 o’clock
7. ________ 4 hours
8._________she left here
9. He has lived in Nanjing __________ the year before last.
10. I’ve known him ___________we were children.
11. Our teacher has studied Japanese ___________three years.
12. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
13. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
二．同义句转换：
1.He died 10 years ago. →He ______________ for ___________.
2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. →He _____________the book for __________.
3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. →He ___________the motorbike since___________.
4. He arrived here three days ago.→He ____________here since_____________.
5. He left here 2 years ago.→ He ____________from here for __________.
6. The film began 30 minutes ago. →The film __________ since_________.
7. They opened the door an hour ago.→The door __________ for ___________.
8. I fall asleep two hours ago. →I ____________since______________.
三．用适当时态填空：
1.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
2.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
3. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
4. My father _____________(read) the novel twice.
5. Look! The monkeys __________ (climb) the tree.
6. I_________ already _________ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
7. My mother ________ just _________ (come) back from work.She is tired now.
8. Where’s Li Ming He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
9._______ he________(finish) his work today --Not yet.
10. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
11. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
12. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here -- For two weeks.
13. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
14._______ you ______ (find) your science book yet
16. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.
17. My mother __________ (visit) my grandparents next Sunday.
18. I___________ (lose) my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere
19._______you_________ (finish) your work just now
20. How often_______she_______(play) the piano --Twice a week.
四．按要求完成句子：
1、He has never surfed, ____________ （改成反义疑问句）
2. My father has lived here since 2000.(对划线部分提问)
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________
3、The old man _________ last year. He ____________for a year. (die) （动词填空）
4、Miss Green left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Green_______ _______ _______ _________an hour ago.
5. I have already learned English for ten years.
否定句：I _________ _________ English for ten years__________.
一般疑问句：_________ _________ _________English for ten years__________？
肯否定回答：_________ _________./_________ _________ .
6. I have been there for two days.(对划线部分提问)
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________
7. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)
We __________ __________English__________three years.
过去完成时专项练习
I. Choose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案)
1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _____ when he _____ at the party.
A. left, had arrived B. left, arrived
C. had left, had arrived D. had left, arrived
2. What______Jane______by the time he was seven
A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done
3. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I ______the dinner already.
A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
4. She said she _______the principle already.
A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen
5. She had written a number of books ________the end of last year.
A. for B. in C. by D. at
6 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.
A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work
7. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.
A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed
8.They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living
9. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago.
A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived
10. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned
11. Fergie_______ the project in one hour.
A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished
12. The man ________ his coat and went out.
A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on
13.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _______for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
二.用动词的适当形式填空：
1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.
2.The Reads ______________(have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house.
3.We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
4. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.
5. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.
6. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.
7. My mother ___________(be)a teacher since 2003.
8. I ___________(wash)all the clothes. So I can have a rest.
9. They ___________(stay)in China for a long time.
10. My father ___________(arrive)home before nine o’clock last night.
keys：
【过关检测】
1.默写单元单词和词组。
2.复习本节课所学的重点笔记内容。
一、单项选择
1．My uncle___________ in England since ten years ago.
A．lives B．lived C．will live D．has lived
2．By seven o’clock this morning, Allen ________ breakfast with his wife.
A．will have B．had C．had had D．is having
3．Hundreds of students ________ to communicate as volunteer by the end of last year.
A．sent B．had sent C．had been sent D．were sent
4．Before the typhoon arrived, around 1.8 million people ________ to safety.
A．moves B．has moved C．were moving D．had moved
5．By the end of last March, We ________ fifty trees in the schoolyard.
A．plant B．were planting C．had planted D．will plant
6．By the end of last month, they ________ the work on the new hospital already.
A．finish B．will finish C．has finished D．had finished
7．By the end of last December, little Arthur _______ over 400 English words.
A．will learn B．has learned C．is learning D．had learned
8．What a good time they had ________ in the party singing and dancing!
A．taken B．spent C．spending D．taking
9．I met Li Lei in the street yesterday. We ________ each other since we left high school.
A．haven’t seen B．hadn’t seen
C．didn’t see D．weren’t seeing
10．Han Mei told me she ________ lunch, so she was very hungry.
A．has had B．hasn’t have
C．have had D．hadn’t had
11．—How long ________ the movie ________ when the students got there
—About 10 minutes.
A．has; begun B．had; begun
C．had; been on D．has; been on
12．Mr. Black didn’t tell me how long ________ in his email.
A．he had come to Shanghai B．had he been to Shanghai
C．he had been to Shanghai D．he had been in Shanghai
13．The new suspension bridge ________ by the end of last month.
A．has been designed B．had been designed C．was designed D．would be designed
14．When I got to the cinema, the film ________ for ten minutes.
A．has begun B．had begun C．had been on D．was
15．Amazing changes ________ place ________ three years ago.
A．took, for B．was taken, since C．have taken, since D．has taken, at
16．My brother ________ France on business and he won’t be back in a week.
A．has gone B．has gone to C．has been D．has been to
17．—Mum, I want to watch Youth With You on iqiyi tonight.
—Oh, dear. It ________ for nearly twenty e on.
A．will begin B．will be on C．has begun D．has been on
18．—Tom, you speak French so well.
—Thank you. I ________ French for 6 years.
A．learn B．learned C．will learn D．have learned
19．Wanda Plaza ________ for many years, but I ________ there only once.
A．has opened; have gone B．has opened; has been
C．has been open; have gone D．has been open; have been
20．There ________ great changes in my hometown in the last ten years.
A．is B．are C．has been D．have been
21．—Are you new here
—No. We ________ here for 5 years.
A．lived B．will live C．have lived D．are living
22．—Do you know Mary well, Tom
—Of course, since we met 3 years ago, we ________ friends with each other.
A．have been B．were C．made D．have made
23．I’m so glad that I ________ nearly half of the test now.
A．finish B．finished C．will finish D．have finished
24．— The air here is much fresher than before.
— Exactly! We ________ a lot of trees in the past few years.
A．planted B．were planting C．have planted D．will plant
25．Corn production ________ nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years in China.
A．jumped B．jumps C．will jump D．has jumped
26．We have been in China ________ three years. We like it.
A．in B．for C．since D．from
27．—Maria, what do you think of Mount Fanjing
—Very cool. I ___________ there once. I’d like to go there again.
A．has been B．have been C．have gone D．has gone
28．— Where is Mr. Green
— He _________ the bookstore. You have to wait for him.
A．was going to B．has gone to C．has been to D．is going to
29．—This is a really old bike.
—Yes, I _________it for seven years.
A．have had B．have bought C．bought D．had bought
30．— How happy your grandparents are!
— Yes, they _________ for fifty years.
A．have married B．have been married
C．have got married D．married
31．—Could I ________ your bicycle
—Sure, and you can ________ it for a week.
A．borrow; borrow B．borrow; keep C．lend; lend D．lend; borrow
32．— How long can I __________ your dictionary
— One day, I’m afraid. In fact, it’s not mine. I __________ it from Lily.
A．borrow; borrowed B．lend; lent
C．keep; borrowed D．keep; lent
33．Bill had worked effectively last night. By 9 o’clock, he ________ all the emails on his computer.
A．will check B．had checked C．have checked D．checked
34．When I reached home, my parents ________ their supper.
A．are having B．have already had C．had D．had already had
35．Wang Ying is good at English. She ________ nearly two thousand English words by last month.
A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．had learned
36．Mrs. Brown ________ her keys in the office, so she had to wait until her husband ________ home.
A．has left; comes B．had left; came C．had been away; came D．has been away; comes
37．They ________ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.
A．had finished B．have finished C．had been finished D．have been finished
38．—Can I see Miss Gu at the moment, please
—I’m afraid not. She ________ Nanjing for 2 days. She’ll come back in three days.
A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．went
39．If I ________ harder when I was young, I ________ a university and lived a different life.
A．worked; would entered B．had worked; would have entered
C．would worked; had entered D．have worked; will have entered
40．By the time we got to the station, David ________ for ten minutes.
A．has left B．had left C．has been away D．had been away
