第06讲 句型转换技巧及专练160题
【学习目标】
1、掌握上海中考常考的句型转换类型
2、完成专练160题
【基础知识】
1、本节内容（presentation）
句型转换专项
概述：改写句子是中考英语的一个常考题型，它综合考查考生的时态语态、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识，要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填写句子，使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误。通过对近几年的中考英语试题中改写句子分析，我们发现句型转换题主要考查以下几个方面：
一、改为否定句
He did some English exercises yesterday afternoon.（变为否定句）
He ________ ________ ________ English exercises yesterday afternoon.
二、改为疑问句
1. 改为一般疑问句
This watch can be repaired by us in two days. (变为一般疑问句)
_________ this watch __________ repaired by us in two days
2. 对划线部分提问
People are supposed to wash hands before having meals.（对划线部分提问）
_______ _______ people supposed to do before having meals
常考的考点：
how long/soon/ far/often, how much/ many的区别；
★How long 多长时间 信号词：for +时间段；since+时间点
★How soon 多久 信号词：in + 时间段(in 10 days)
★How often表频率 信号词：once/ twice a day
★ How many times多少次 信号词：once/ twice/three times
★How far 多远距离 信号词：meters, two hours’walk/ride/drive
★How many 多久(可数，数量) 信号词：1,0000
★How much 多久(不可数，数量,价格) 信号词：1,0000/RMB100
3. 改为反义疑问句(注意有have 的反义疑问句)
Let’s go to see the movies, ________ ________ (改为反意疑问句)
三、改为被动语态
中考主要考察五种时态的被动语态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、含有情态动词的被动语态。注意时态，人称，单复数的变化。
Many people speak Chinese in France.（改为被动语态）
Chinese ________ ________ by many people in France.
四、保持句意不变
保持句意不变是可能的形式最多、最复杂的一类变化句式题，涉及到句法、词法多方面的知识考查。
1. 运用同义词（组）进行转换
用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。
训练1：填空，使等号左右表达意义一致（一空一词）
say sorry to= ________ ________道歉;
be made up of= ________ ________ 由…组成
besides A= ________ ________ ________ ________ 除A以外（还有）
prefer(red）A to B= ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 喜欢A胜过B
do harm to…= ________ ________ ________ … 对…有害
improve a lot … = ________ ________ ________ … 在…有很大进步
escape= ________ ________逃跑;
immediately= ________ ________ = ________ ________ = ________ ________ 立即
high=________ ________ wide= ________ ________ long= ________ ________
be held= ________ ________举办
when he was over sixty= ________ ________ ________
= ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
I think…= ________ ________ ________ 我认为
consider = ________ ________ 考虑
run out of= ________ ________ 用完
sb. pays/paid $ for sth.= ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
=________ ________ ________ ________
decide to do= ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
review= ________ ________
at present=________ ________ ________ ________
训练2：熟记，完成快问快答测试
(1)四个“花费”（spend—take—cost—take）
(2)四个“收到…来信”（hear from—get a letter from—receive a letter from—have a letter from）
(3)四个“给…打电话”（call sb—telephone sb—ring sb. a call—make a telephone to sb.）
(4)三个“到达”（get to—reach—arrive in/at）
(5)三个“入睡”（go to sleep—get to sleep—fall asleep）
(6)两个“擅长于…”（be good at —do well in）
(7)两个“有空”（be free—have time）
(8)两个“玩得开心”（enjoy oneself—have a good time）
(9)“飞往…”（fly to…—go to…by air/plane）
(10)“自学”（teach oneself—learn…by oneself）
(11)在…方面帮助help…with…—help… (to)do…
(12)在…差be weak in…—do badly in…
(13)能/会…can—be able to
(14)更喜欢…like…better than…—prefer…to…
(15)充满了…be full of…—be filled with…
(16)放弃干…give up doing…—stop doing…
(17)不再… no longer—not …any longer
(18)照顾/保管 take care of…—look after
(19)展览 on show—on display
(20)阻止…干…stop…from doing—keep/prevent…from doing…
(21)由于 thanks to—because of…
(22)举手hands up—put up one’s hands
(23)最后，终于at last—in the end
(24)与…不同 be different from…—be not the same as…
(25)从…借入… borrow…from…—lend…to…
(26)乘公汽/火车/的士 go to…by bus/train/taxi—take a bus /train/taxi to…
(27)乘自行车去… go to…by bike—ride a bike to…
(28)为…感到自豪 be proud of…—take pride in…
(29)步行去… walk to…—go to…on foot
(30)独自地by oneself —alone
2. 运用反义的否定式进行转换
即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词（词组）的积累和换位思维的能力.
e.g. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.
It’s clear that this visit is not the last time.
3. 非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换
此类题目要求对一些非延续动词相关的延续动词很熟悉，还要注意时态的变化，通常是一般过去时变为现在完成时，特别注意非延续动词不能与表示一段的时间状语连用。
常见的非延续性与延续性动词之间的转换：
leave → be away borrow → keep open/close sth → keep sth open/closed
begin/start → be on die → be dead join → be in......./be a member of......
become → be come here → be here finish／end／stop→ be over
buy → have catch a cold →have a cold; get to/ arrive/reach → be (in)
4. 简单句与复合句之间的转换
即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。此类题目需要熟记一些重要的句型和短语。例如：too... to; so... that ; enough to...等之间的转换，without短语与if/unless条件状语从句的转换，还有not...until....等句型。
We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.
We didn’t go out for a walk the rain.
5. 祈使句+and/or与 if条件状语之间的相互转换
Unless you work hard, you can’t catch up with others.
_______ you _________ work hard, you can’t catch up with others.
6. 运用关联连词连接或合并句子
即运用关联连词both…and…，neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是，both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。
e.g.Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.
______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.
e.g. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.
_________ Alice _________ Peter have read the book.
7. 运用感叹句的两种句式进行转换
熟记感叹句的构成。
1）How + adj．／adv．+ 主语 + 谓语！
2）What + a（an）+ adj．+ 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！
What + adj．+ 复数名词／不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！
8. 形容词、副词三种等级之间的转换
此类题目需要熟悉形容词、副词的构成规律，能够灵活运用一些有关形容词和副词比较等级的句型结构.
e.g. Tom is the tallest in our class.
Tom is taller than ______ ______ _______ in our class.
9. 利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换
这类典型结构如so…that…，too…to…，enough to，not…until…，so do I等
I paid 100 yuan for the book. (保持句意基本不变)
The book ________ _________ 100 yuan.
五、改为宾语从句
即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。如：
1. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.
He told me that he _______ ________ his wallet.
2. “Did you see her last week ” he said.
He had seen her the week before.
六、综合类
综合类题目设计的变化类型也比较多，归纳起来主要是三种形式变化：合并句子，简化句子，变化形式等。
Lin Dan played badminton very well. He won the Thomas Cup again. (合并为一句)
Lin Dan played badminton well _______ ______ win the Thomas Cup again.
七、连词成句
解题技巧
1．基本句型记心间
题干若有what等“wh-word”时，我们一般要考虑特殊疑问句或感叹句；如果含有辅助动词、系动词或情态动词时，要考虑一般疑问句。
【典例分析】an, this, story, interesting, is
2．公式在手若等闲
英文的简单句一般以下列词序排列，如果是主从复合句，不过就是两个简单句外加一个连接词。记住这个基本的词序对于自己的英文写作很有好处。
1 2 3 4 5 6
Who/What/Which Action Who/what/ Which How Where When
【典例分析】 in, he, football, does, playing, well
【典例分析】he, often, go to different countries
【典例分析】He will come to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games in 2008.
1 2 5 △ 6
注意：这里做状语使用的不定式，也可以提至句首，但其余的词还应该遵循这一公式。
3．遗漏标点太遗憾
【典例分析】do, fruit, you, best, what, like
【真题演练】
I. Complete the following sentences as required（根据所给要求完成句子）
1.People used to travel to the island by ferry．(对划线部分提问)
_______ _______people use to travel to the island
2.These chemicals can be harmful to animal life．(保持旬意基本不变)
These chemicals can do________ _______animal life·
3.He was absent from school because of his serious illness.(保持句义基本不变）
He was absent from school because he was_______ _______.
4.What will life be like in 50 years’ time No one knows.(改为宾语从句）
No one knows what ______ ______be like in 50 years’ time.
5.Rose loves visiting museums with friends．She doesn’t love going there alone．(合并为一句)
Rose loves visiting museums with friends________ ________going there alone．
6.“Has the teacher decided on the date for outing ”the students asked.(改为复合句)
The students asked_______the teacher________decided on the date for outing．
7.Mr．Brown worked very hard so as to make more money for his family．(保持原句意思不变）
Mr．Brown worked very hard_______ _______ he could make more money for his family.
8.The exciting news spread far and widely．(改为一般疑问句)
________the exciting news________far and widely
9.The girl beside me is a volunteer for our community．（对划线部分提问)
_________ ________is a volunteer for our community
10.I can’t afford the time as well as the money for a trip．(保持句意基本不变)
I can afford________the time________the money for a trip．
11.My parents began to use Wechat when they were over fifty．(保持句意基本不变)
My parents began to use Wechat__________their________．
12.He’s given some important talks on science technology to us．(改为被动语态)
Some important talks on science technology_______ ________given to us.
13.Could you tell me Why are you late for such an important conference (合并为一句)
Could you tell me why________ ________late for such an important conference
14.It took Uncle Bob about two hours to finish the half marathon in Songjiang．(对划线部分提问)
________ _______did it take Uncle Bob to finish the half marathon in Songj iang
15.Betty likes the dress with red spots more than the one with stripes．(保持句意基本相同)
Betty________the dress with red spots_______the one with stripes．
16.The words on the screen are small．Nobody can see them clearly．(合并为一句)
The words on the screen are______ ________for anybody to see clearly．
17.John really didn’t know how he could connect his runaway son．(改为简单句)
John really didn’t know________ _______connect his runaway son．
18.Jenny takes her dog to the pet store to have a bath every Saturday．(改为被动语态)
Jenny’s dog_________ _________to the pet store to have a bath every Saturday．
19.Mr Smith has saved some money to buy a house in the countryside．(改为一般疑问句)
_________Mr Smith saved________money to buy a house in the countryside
20.It is half an hour’s ride from our school to Chenshan Botanical Garden．(划线部分提问)
______ _______is it from your school to Chenshan Botanical Garden
21.People go to visit some museums in Shanghai without paying money．(保持句意不变)
People go to visit some museums in Shanghai________ ________．
22.Some students will realize the importance of study after they leave school．(保持句意不变)
Some students_______realize the importance of study _________they leave school．
23.When did Peter come home last night Peter’s mother wants to know．(合并为宾语从句)
Peter’s mother wants to know _________Peter________ home last night．
24.Our teacher asked us not to talk loudly during the lecture.(保持句意基本不变)
Our teacher ______us______talking loudly during the lecture．
25.They were so confident that they beat Class Two in the final ball game．(改为简单句)
They were confident_____ _____beat Class Two in the final ball game．
26.Helen’s son．is of average height and looks a bit fatter.(对划线部分提问)
_______does Helen’s son look______
27.Does Alice really plan to learn French Could you tell me (改为宾语从句)
Could you tel l me_____Al ice really_______to learn French
28.Jake lives close to his workplace and he hates that．(改为否定句)
Jake_______ _______close to his workplace and he hates that．
29.It’s very comfortable to have a warm bath before going to bed．(改为感叹句)
________ ________it is to have a warm bath before going to bed !
30.My husband has begun to spend time jogging because he was too fat．(保持句意基本不变)
My husband has________ _______ jogging because he was too fat．
31.The teacher told the students not to throw rubbish in public places． (改为直接引语)
The teacher said to the students，“________ _______rubbish in public places．’’
32.Nurses and doctors often give health advice to patients.(改为被动语态)
Health advice_______often_________ to patients by nurses and doctors．
33.Everyone tries his best to achieve a higher score in Grade Nine.(改为一般疑问句)
______everyone _______his best to achieve a higher score in Grade Nine
34.The haughty boy broke his grandma's vase by mistake.(对划线部分提问)
______vase ______the naughty boy break by mistake
35.Please tell us when we should attend the meeting．(改为简单句)
Please tell us______ _______attend the meeting．
36.Frozen《冰雪奇缘》is really an attractive movie．(改为感叹句)
________ ________ attractive movie Frozen is !
37.It rained heavily this morning.Most of the students couldn’t go to school on time this morning.
It rained so heavily that most of the students______ _____go to school on time this Morning.
38.Mike and his friends will have a picnic in the park next week．(改为反意疑问句)
Mike and his friends will have a picnic in the park next week，_________ _________
39.Hurry up，or you will miss the first flight to San Francisc0．(保持原句意思不变)
________ you________hurry up，you will miss the first flight to San Francisco.
40.The project was interesting enough to attract a lot of students．(保持原句意思不变)
The project was_______interesting_________it could attract a lot of students.
41.My friend knew something about the car accident．(改为否定句)
My friend________know________about the car accident．
42.The Browns used to live in a small town near the beautiful beach．(对划线部分提问)
_______ _______the Browns use to live
43.Few of them can understand what the maths teacher said．(改为反意疑问句）
Few of them can understand what the maths teacher said，_______________
44.There is little rain in our city in winter．(保持原句意思)
It _________ ________ in our city in winter．
45.Every morning Sarah has an egg and a piece of bread as her breakfast.（改为一般疑问句）
__________Sarah ____________an egg and a piece of bread as her breakfast every morning
46.There will be a lot of changes taking place in my hometown.（改为反义疑问句）
There will be a lot of changes taking place in my hometown, _______ _______
47.People all think the cartoon Zootopia is interesting and wonderful.（对划线部分提问）
________ do people ___________ the cartoon Zootopia
48.Nowadays, many people continue their studies after they begin to work.（保持句意不变）
Nowadays, many people __________ ________with their studies after they begin to work.
49.Shall we call the police or not He asked me.（合并两句为一句）
He asked me __________ _____________ call the police or not.
50.The young parents lost their kid while shopping in a mall．(改为一般疑问句)
________the young parents________their kid while shopping in a mall
51.People get drinking water by taking away the salt from sea water.(对划线部分提问)
_________ ________people get drinking water
52.It is fun to ride a bike on a sunny day like this．(改为感叹句)
________ ________it is to ride a bike on a sunny day like this !
53.Ray takes his personal cup everywhere，so he doesn’t use paper cups．(保持句意基本不变)
Ray drinks with his personal cup________ ________paper cups·
54.We must take care of all the books in our school library．(改为被动语态)
All the books in our school library must________ ________care of by us．
55.The German violin cost Mr.Smith ten thousand yuan.(改为否定句)
The German violin_______ ________Mr.Smith ten thousand yuan．
56..Lillian is independent.She can look after herself．(合并为一句)
Lillian is independent________ ________look after herself．
57.Tony spent nearly two weeks reading the book The Great Gatsby.(保持句意基本不变)
________took Tony nearly two weeks______read the book The Great Gatsby．
58.Reading book is interesting.(保持原句意思基本不变)
_________ _________ book is interesting.
It’s _________ _________ read book.
59.Kitty was very excited to open her birthday presents. (改为感叹句)
Kitty was to open her birthday presents!
60.The exchange students will get to New York in about two weeks. (对划线部分提问）
will the exchange students get to New York
61.The singer not only writes his own song but also plays the guitar. (保持句意基本不变）
The singer writes his own songs and plays the guitar .
62.The government has built many parking places for car owners this year. (改为被动语态）
Many parking places for car owners built by the government this year.
63. “Will you take part in the sports meeting this year, Jimmy ” Susan asked. (改为宾语从句）
Susan asked Jimmy he ________ take part in the sports meeting this year.
64.You have to pay to park here. (改为否定句)
You ______ _______ to pay to park here
65.Henry Ford invented the world’s first assembly line in 1913. (划线提问)
_______ ________ Henry Ford invent the world’s first assembly line
66.They created a Children’s Fund to provide money for those who are ill. (保持句意)
They _______ ________ a Children’s Fund to provide money for those who are ill.
67.The newspapers will publish the results of the survey. (改为被动语态)
The results of the survey will _____ _______ in the newspapers.
68.We cannot drink salt water . we cannot take a shower with it, either. (保持句意)
We can _____ drink salt water ____ take a shower with it.
69.“Have you collected any materials about earthquakes ” asked Ms Ward. (改为宾语从句)
Ms Ward asked me _____ I _____ collected any materials about earthquakes.
70. Both of Mary’s parents work in this hospital.（改为否定句）
________of Mary’s parents_________in this hospital.
71. We can save water by fixing dripping taps.（对划线部分提问）
________ _________we save water
72. We will build a new Disneyland in Pudong New Area.（改为被动语态）
A new Disneyland will_________ _________in Pudong New Area.
73. Don’t pick the flowers in the garden.（改成反意疑问句）
Don’t pick the flowers In the garden,_________ ________
74. The train has arrived here. It arrived here two hours ago.（合择为一句）
The train__________ _________here for two hours.
75. Mr. Green was surprised that his son didn’t tell anyone that he was staying out late.（保持句意基本不变）
To Mr. Green’s_________, no one was__________of his son’s staying out late.
76.Let’s be a green consumer and help to protect the Earth.(改为反意疑问句)
Let’s be a green consumer and help to protect the Earth, _____________ ___________
77.The video will show the students how the Greeks captured the city of Troy through a trick.(改为被动语态)
The students will _________ _________how the Greeks captured the city of Troy through a trick by the video.
78. Thomas does exercise every day so that he can keep fit. ( 保持句意基本不变)
Thomas does exercise ____________ _________ to keep fit every day.
79. To leave a good impression, Kim put on his finest suit for the interview.(对划线部分提问)
________ ________ Kim put on his finest suit for the interview
80.After years, his dream of building an eco-systemfor the community finally realized.(保持句意不变)
After years, his dream of building an eco-system for the community finally_________ _________ .
81. When can we meet our host families He didn’t tell us.(合并两句为一 句)
He didn’t tell us________ we _________ meet our host families.
82. The girl does her homework at the weekend.（改为否定句）
The girl_________ _________her homework at the weekend.
83. My parents and I go to the cinema once a month.（对划线部分提问）
_______ ________do your parents and you go to the cinema
84. Our English teacher likes black coffee better than green tea.（保持句意基本相同）
Our English teacher________black coffee _________green tea.
85. The speaker spoke loudly. All the audience could hear him.（合并为一句）
The speaker spoke loudly_________ ________all the audience could hear him.
86. Our teacher warned us not to touch the chemicals in the lab.（改为被动语态）
We________ ________not to touch the chemicals in the lab.
87.The Blacks are preparing the barbecue outside their house. (改为否定句)
The Blacks _____________ ____________ the barbecue outside their house.
88.Miss Green has taught in the west of China since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
___________ __________ has Miss Green taught in the west of China
89.Tom will go to different places in California by car this winter. (保持句意基本不变)
Tom will _________ ___________ different places in California this winter.
90.Does Dinna write to her parents every week I want to know. (改为复合句)
I want to know _________ Dinna _______ to her parents every week.
91.The new car will cost Mr. White a lot of money. （改为否定句）
The new car cost Mr. White money.
92. You must not waste water. (改为被动语态)
Water must not__________ __________.
93. We have fine weather today. (改为感叹句)
__________ __________weather we have today!
94.He frightened me because he made a strange sound behind me suddenly. (保持句意基本不变)
He__________ me a__________ because he made a strange sound behind me suddenly .
95. The old girl has already copied all the new words on the blackboard.(改为否定句)
The old girl _________copied all the new words on the blackboard__________.
96. I will buy a T-shirt for my father. I don’t think of a better idea for a present.(保持句意基本不变)
I will buy a T-shirt for my father I of a better idea for a present.
97. There are few new words in the comic strips for our students.(反意疑问句)
There are few new words in the comic strips for out students， ？
98.The new vacuum cleaner cost more than her expectation.（改为反义疑问句）
The new vacuum cleaner cost more than her expectation, ______ ______ [来源:m]
99.Peter would rather watch a competition than take part in one.（保持原句意思）
Peter prefers ______ a competition ______ taking part in one.
100.Amy was very careful. She noticed small changes around her.（合并为一句）
Amy was careful ______ ______ notice small changes around her.
【过关检测】
一、划线部分提问
1．It takes me 10 minutes to walk to school every day. （对划线部分提问）
________ ________ does it take you to walk to school every day
2．People are supposed to wash hands before having meals.（对划线部分提问）
_______ _______ people supposed to do before having meals
3．Tourists go to the Movie Park for pleasure. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ tourists go to the Movie Park
4．Sunglasses are used for keeping out the sunshine.（对画线部分提问）
________ ________ sunglasses ________ for
二、改写句子
5．My father was very busy working. He didn’t have time to play with me.(合并为一句)
My father was ________ busy working ________ have time to play with me.
6．It is a very useful tool for us to repair the broken bike. (改为感叹句)
________ ________ useful tool it is for us to repair the broken bike!
7．“I have been in Hollywood for a year.” said the actress. （改为间接引语）
The actress said ________ she ________ been in Hollywood for a year.
8．Your key should always be left at the reception desk when you go out. (改为主动语态)
You ________ always ________ your key at the reception desk when you go out.
9．He shut the door heavily behind him because of his anger.（改为被动语态）
The door _____ _____ heavily behind him because of his anger.
10．Many people speak Chinese in France.（改为被动语态）
Chinese ________ ________ by many people in France.
11．Mo Yan wrote those novels.（改为被动语态）
Those novels ________ ________ ________ Mo Yan.
12．You weren’t in the classroom yesterday evening. He wasn’t, either.
________ you ________ he ________ in the classroom yesterday evening.
13．She didn’t have any pears at the party.
She ________ ________ pears at the party, ________ she
14．He did some English exercises yesterday afternoon.（变为否定句）
He ________ ________ ________ English exercises yesterday afternoon.
15．Let’s go to see the movies, ________ ________ (改为反意疑问句)
16．He rang the alarm bell when seeing the fire. (变为否定句)
He ___________ _________ the alarm bell when seeing the fire.
17．This watch can be repaired by us in two days. (变为一般疑问句)
_________ this watch __________ repaired by us in two days
18．Do you study English by reading novels He asked me. (合并宾语从句)
He asked me if _________ _________ English by reading novels.
三、将所给单词连成句子
19．no, are, in the sky, clouds, there
________________________________________________________________.
20．doctor, is, a, afraid, seeing, he, of
___________________________________________________________
21．for, China, tea, known, its, is
________________________________________________________________________________.
22．arrive, for, don't, late, school
__________________________________________________________.
23．young kids, are, always, books, among, with pictures, welcome(连词成句)
______________________________.
24．get up, tell, to, earlier, him
_________________________________________________________________________.
25．both, tea, health, is good for, business, and
________________________________________________________________________________.
26．others, we, make, with, friends, should
_____________________________________________________________.
27．allow, outside, my parents, me, to, play
__________________________________________________.
28．have, how, you, sports meeting, often, do, a
__________________________________________________
29．some sheep, there, on, are, mountain, the
__________________________________________________.
四、完成句子
30．幸亏有了政府，中国人彻底脱贫了。（thank）
____________ the government, Chinese get out of poverty completely.
31．由于妨碍学习，Peter 几乎不玩手机了。(get)
Peter hardly plays with his phone, because it ____________ his study.
32．我在尝试玩这个游戏，但是找不到启动键。
I am ________ ________ the game, but I can’t find out the start button.
33．毫无疑问，重庆已经成为中国最受欢迎的旅游城市之一。（翻译句子）
______________ ____________, Chongqing has been one of the most popular cities in China already.
34．我们疑惑地盯着燃烧着的大楼上升起的黑烟。(in)
We stared ___________________ at the black smoke rising from the burning building.
35．我们足够的大了，应该为自己的选择和行为负责。(be)
We are old enough to ___________________ our decisions and actions.
36．好的学习者不怕在练习的时候犯错误。
Good learners ________________________________ while practicing.
37．你最好晚上复习一下功课，否则就会落后于他人。
You’d better ________ your lessons at night, or you’ll ________.
38．贫困地区的孩子们渴望教育。
Children in poor areas ________ education.
39．瞧!孩子们正在教室里看图片编故事。
Look! The children ________ a story for the picture in the classroom.
五、同义句转化
40．Simon didn’t work out the problem. (改为同义句)
Simon ________ ________ work out the problem.
41．We take pride in our country because it has made great progress in many fields.(改为同义句)
We are________ ________our country because it has made great progress in many fields.
42．I felt very happy when my lost mobile phone was found. (保持句意基本不变)
________my great________, my lost mobile phone was found.
43．We take pride in our country. (改为同义句)
We are _________ _________ our country.
44．Be careful! The bus will come soon.
Look ________! The bus ________ ________.
45．They take pride in everything good that I do. (改为同义句)
They are ________ ________ everything good that I do.
46．His grandpa died two weeks ago.
His grandpa ________ ________ ________for two weeks.
47．Send the letter to the manager at once.（保持句意基本不变）
Send the letter to the manager ________ ________.
48．Mum’d rather stay with me than go square dancing at weekends in the past. (改为同义句)
Mum ________ staying with me ________ going square dancing at weekends in the past.
【答案】preferred to
49．We are proud of Ning Zhongyan who won Men’s 1500-meter speed skating a few days ago.(改为同义句）
We ________ ________ in Ning Zhongyan who won Men’s 1500-meter speed skating a few days ago.
50．Developing a good reading habit is important to all of us.
Developing a good reading habit _________ _________ _________ to all of us.
51．It will make us happy if we travel with our friends.（改为同义句）
The trip with our friends will ________ us ________.
52．She didn’t go camping because of the heavy rain. (改为同义句)
The heavy rain ________ her ________ going camping.
53．The weather affected our plans. (改为同义句)
The weather had an ________ ________ our plans.
54．The editors take charge of different sections of the newspaper.（句意不变）
The editors are ________ ________ different sections of the newspaper.
55．She was glad to win first place in the writing competition last week. (保持句意基本不变)
To ________ ________, she won first place in the writing competition last week.
56．To learn English well requires a lot of regular reading. (保持句意基本不变)
We ________ ________ do a lot of reading regularly if we want to learn English well.
57．My father will leave for Beijing to attend an important conference. （保持句意基本不变）
My father will _______ ________ for Beijing to attend an important conference.
58．The King ordered his men to work out the mystery immediately. (保持句意不变)
The King ordered his men to work out the mystery __________ __________.
59．We had to stay at home because the weather was terrible.(改为简单句)
We had to stay at home ________ ________ the terrible weather.
60．The last time I saw my piano teacher was in 2012.(保持句意基本不变)
I haven’t seen my piano teacher ________ ________.第06讲 句型转换技巧及专练160题
【学习目标】
1、掌握上海中考常考的句型转换类型
2、完成专练160题
【基础知识】
1、本节内容（presentation）
句型转换专项
概述：改写句子是中考英语的一个常考题型，它综合考查考生的时态语态、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识，要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填写句子，使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误。通过对近几年的中考英语试题中改写句子分析，我们发现句型转换题主要考查以下几个方面：
一、改为否定句
He did some English exercises yesterday afternoon.（变为否定句）
He ________ ________ ________ English exercises yesterday afternoon.
【答案】didn’t do any
【详解】
句意：昨天下午他做了一些英语练习。题目要求将原句改为否定句。原句谓语did为实义动词，其否定形式需在其前加上助动词didn’t，did变回动词原形do，原句的some应改为any。故填didn’t；do；any。
二、改为疑问句
1. 改为一般疑问句
This watch can be repaired by us in two days. (变为一般疑问句)
_________ this watch __________ repaired by us in two days
【答案】Can be
【详解】
句意：我们可以在两天内修好这块表。原句中有情态动词can，改为一般疑问句时，情态动词can置于主语之前，第二空依旧用be动词原形。故填Can；be。
2. 对划线部分提问
People are supposed to wash hands before having meals.（对划线部分提问）
_______ _______ people supposed to do before having meals
【答案】What are
【详解】
句意：人们应该在吃饭前洗手。根据划线部分“wash hands”可知，疑问词用“what”，位于句首，首字母大写；再者根据“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”可知，be动词“are”放在主语“people”之前，因此What；are符合句意。故填What；are。
常考的考点：
how long/soon/ far/often, how much/ many的区别；
★How long 多长时间 信号词：for +时间段；since+时间点
★How soon 多久 信号词：in + 时间段(in 10 days)
★How often表频率 信号词：once/ twice a day
★ How many times多少次 信号词：once/ twice/three times
★How far 多远距离 信号词：meters, two hours’walk/ride/drive
★How many 多久(可数，数量) 信号词：1,0000
★How much 多久(不可数，数量,价格) 信号词：1,0000/RMB100
3. 改为反义疑问句(注意有have 的反义疑问句)
Let’s go to see the movies, ________ ________ (改为反意疑问句)
【答案】Shall we
【详解】
句意：让我们去看电影吧，好吗？根据题意是变成反意一般疑问句，Let’s+动词原形，变成反意一般疑问句用Shall we，故填Shall；we。
三、改为被动语态
中考主要考察五种时态的被动语态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、含有情态动词的被动语态。注意时态，人称，单复数的变化。
Many people speak Chinese in France.（改为被动语态）
Chinese ________ ________ by many people in France.
【答案】is spoken
【详解】
句意：在法国很多人都说中文。本题考查由主动语态变被动语态。原句是一般现在时，故变为一般现在时的被动语态，构成形式为：be done；主语“Chinese”是第三人称单数形式，故be用is；speak的过去分词是spoken。故填is；sopken。
四、保持句意不变
保持句意不变是可能的形式最多、最复杂的一类变化句式题，涉及到句法、词法多方面的知识考查。
1. 运用同义词（组）进行转换
用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。
训练1：填空，使等号左右表达意义一致（一空一词）
say sorry to= ________ ________道歉;
be made up of= ________ ________ 由…组成
besides A= ________ ________ ________ ________ 除A以外（还有）
prefer(red）A to B= ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 喜欢A胜过B
do harm to…= ________ ________ ________ … 对…有害
improve a lot … = ________ ________ ________ … 在…有很大进步
escape= ________ ________逃跑;
immediately= ________ ________ = ________ ________ = ________ ________ 立即
high=________ ________ wide= ________ ________ long= ________ ________
be held= ________ ________举办
when he was over sixty= ________ ________ ________
= ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
I think…= ________ ________ ________ 我认为
consider = ________ ________ 考虑
run out of= ________ ________ 用完
sb. pays/paid $ for sth.= ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
=________ ________ ________ ________
decide to do= ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
review= ________ ________
at present=________ ________ ________ ________
答案：略，不唯一。
训练2：熟记，完成快问快答测试
(1)四个“花费”（spend—take—cost—take）
(2)四个“收到…来信”（hear from—get a letter from—receive a letter from—have a letter from）
(3)四个“给…打电话”（call sb—telephone sb—ring sb. a call—make a telephone to sb.）
(4)三个“到达”（get to—reach—arrive in/at）
(5)三个“入睡”（go to sleep—get to sleep—fall asleep）
(6)两个“擅长于…”（be good at —do well in）
(7)两个“有空”（be free—have time）
(8)两个“玩得开心”（enjoy oneself—have a good time）
(9)“飞往…”（fly to…—go to…by air/plane）
(10)“自学”（teach oneself—learn…by oneself）
(11)在…方面帮助help…with…—help… (to)do…
(12)在…差be weak in…—do badly in…
(13)能/会…can—be able to
(14)更喜欢…like…better than…—prefer…to…
(15)充满了…be full of…—be filled with…
(16)放弃干…give up doing…—stop doing…
(17)不再… no longer—not …any longer
(18)照顾/保管 take care of…—look after
(19)展览 on show—on display
(20)阻止…干…stop…from doing—keep/prevent…from doing…
(21)由于 thanks to—because of…
(22)举手hands up—put up one’s hands
(23)最后，终于at last—in the end
(24)与…不同 be different from…—be not the same as…
(25)从…借入… borrow…from…—lend…to…
(26)乘公汽/火车/的士 go to…by bus/train/taxi—take a bus /train/taxi to…
(27)乘自行车去… go to…by bike—ride a bike to…
(28)为…感到自豪 be proud of…—take pride in…
(29)步行去… walk to…—go to…on foot
(30)独自地by oneself —alone
2. 运用反义的否定式进行转换
即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词（词组）的积累和换位思维的能力.
e.g. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.
It’s clear that this visit is not the same as last time.
3. 非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换
此类题目要求对一些非延续动词相关的延续动词很熟悉，还要注意时态的变化，通常是一般过去时变为现在完成时，特别注意非延续动词不能与表示一段的时间状语连用。
常见的非延续性与延续性动词之间的转换：
leave → be away borrow → keep open/close sth → keep sth open/closed
begin/start → be on die → be dead join → be in......./be a member of......
become → be come here → be here finish／end／stop→ be over
buy → have catch a cold →have a cold; get to/ arrive/reach → be (in)
4. 简单句与复合句之间的转换
即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。此类题目需要熟记一些重要的句型和短语。例如：too... to; so... that ; enough to...等之间的转换，without短语与if/unless条件状语从句的转换，还有not...until....等句型。
We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.
We didn’t go out for a walk because of the rain.
5. 祈使句+and/or与 if条件状语之间的相互转换
Unless you work hard, you can’t catch up with others.
____If_____ you ____not_____ work hard, you can’t catch up with others.
6. 运用关联连词连接或合并句子
即运用关联连词both…and…，neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是，both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。
e.g.Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.
_Neither_____ Tom __nor____ Jim can speak Japanese well.
e.g. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.
___Neither______ Alice ____nor_____ Peter have read the book.
7. 运用感叹句的两种句式进行转换
熟记感叹句的构成。
1）How + adj．／adv．+ 主语 + 谓语！
2）What + a（an）+ adj．+ 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！
What + adj．+ 复数名词／不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！
8. 形容词、副词三种等级之间的转换
此类题目需要熟悉形容词、副词的构成规律，能够灵活运用一些有关形容词和副词比较等级的句型结构.
e.g. Tom is the tallest in our class.
Tom is taller than __taller____ ___any___ ___other____ in our class.
9. 利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换
这类典型结构如so…that…，too…to…，enough to，not…until…，so do I等
I paid 100 yuan for the book. (保持句意基本不变)
The book ___costs______ _____me____ 100 yuan.
五、改为宾语从句
即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。如：
1. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.
He told me that he ___had______ ____found_____ his wallet.
2. “Did you see her last week ” he said.
He asked if had seen her the week before.
六、综合类
综合类题目设计的变化类型也比较多，归纳起来主要是三种形式变化：合并句子，简化句子，变化形式等。
Lin Dan played badminton very well. He won the Thomas Cup again. (合并为一句)
Lin Dan played badminton well ___enough______ ____to_____ win the Thomas Cup again.
七、连词成句
解题技巧
1．基本句型记心间
题干若有what等“wh-word”时，我们一般要考虑特殊疑问句或感叹句；如果含有辅助动词、系动词或情态动词时，要考虑一般疑问句。
【典例分析】an, this, story, interesting, is 答案：Is this an interesting story
2．公式在手若等闲
英文的简单句一般以下列词序排列，如果是主从复合句，不过就是两个简单句外加一个连接词。记住这个基本的词序对于自己的英文写作很有好处。
1 2 3 4 5 6
Who/What/Which Action Who/what/ Which How Where When
【典例分析】 in, he, football, does, playing, well
答案：He does well in playing football.
1 2 4 5
注意：由于do在这里作不及物动词使用，不需要宾语，故缺少第3项。
【典例分析】he, often, go to different countries
答案：He often goes to different countries.
1 △ 2 5
注意：做状语时的频度副词一般要紧靠谓语动词。
【典例分析】He will come to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games in 2008.
1 2 5 △ 6
注意：这里做状语使用的不定式，也可以提至句首，但其余的词还应该遵循这一公式。
（In order）to watch the Olympic Games, he will come to Beijing in 2008.
3．遗漏标点太遗憾
【典例分析】do, fruit, you, best, what, like答案：What fruit do you like best
【真题演练】
I. Complete the following sentences as required（根据所给要求完成句子）
1.People used to travel to the island by ferry．(对划线部分提问)
_______ _______people use to travel to the island
2.These chemicals can be harmful to animal life．(保持旬意基本不变)
These chemicals can do________ _______animal life·
3.He was absent from school because of his serious illness.(保持句义基本不变）
He was absent from school because he was_______ _______.
4.What will life be like in 50 years’ time No one knows.(改为宾语从句）
No one knows what ______ ______be like in 50 years’ time.
5.Rose loves visiting museums with friends．She doesn’t love going there alone．(合并为一句)
Rose loves visiting museums with friends________ ________going there alone．
6.“Has the teacher decided on the date for outing ”the students asked.(改为复合句)
The students asked_______the teacher________decided on the date for outing．
7.Mr．Brown worked very hard so as to make more money for his family．(保持原句意思不变）
Mr．Brown worked very hard_______ _______ he could make more money for his family.
8.The exciting news spread far and widely．(改为一般疑问句)
________the exciting news________far and widely
9.The girl beside me is a volunteer for our community．（对划线部分提问)
_________ ________is a volunteer for our community
10.I can’t afford the time as well as the money for a trip．(保持句意基本不变)
I can afford________the time________the money for a trip．
11.My parents began to use Wechat when they were over fifty．(保持句意基本不变)
My parents began to use Wechat__________their________．
12.He’s given some important talks on science technology to us．(改为被动语态)
Some important talks on science technology_______ ________given to us.
13.Could you tell me Why are you late for such an important conference (合并为一句)
Could you tell me why________ ________late for such an important conference
14.It took Uncle Bob about two hours to finish the half marathon in Songjiang．(对划线部分提问)
________ _______did it take Uncle Bob to finish the half marathon in Songj iang
15.Betty likes the dress with red spots more than the one with stripes．(保持句意基本相同)
Betty________the dress with red spots_______the one with stripes．
16.The words on the screen are small．Nobody can see them clearly．(合并为一句)
The words on the screen are______ ________for anybody to see clearly．
17.John really didn’t know how he could connect his runaway son．(改为简单句)
John really didn’t know________ _______connect his runaway son．
18.Jenny takes her dog to the pet store to have a bath every Saturday．(改为被动语态)
Jenny’s dog_________ _________to the pet store to have a bath every Saturday．
19.Mr Smith has saved some money to buy a house in the countryside．(改为一般疑问句)
_________Mr Smith saved________money to buy a house in the countryside
20.It is half an hour’s ride from our school to Chenshan Botanical Garden．(划线部分提问)
______ _______is it from your school to Chenshan Botanical Garden
21.People go to visit some museums in Shanghai without paying money．(保持句意不变)
People go to visit some museums in Shanghai________ ________．
22.Some students will realize the importance of study after they leave school．(保持句意不变)
Some students_______realize the importance of study _________they leave school．
23.When did Peter come home last night Peter’s mother wants to know．(合并为宾语从句)
Peter’s mother wants to know _________Peter________ home last night．
24.Our teacher asked us not to talk loudly during the lecture.(保持句意基本不变)
Our teacher ______us______talking loudly during the lecture．
25.They were so confident that they beat Class Two in the final ball game．(改为简单句)
They were confident_____ _____beat Class Two in the final ball game．
26.Helen’s son．is of average height and looks a bit fatter.(对划线部分提问)
_______does Helen’s son look______
27.Does Alice really plan to learn French Could you tell me (改为宾语从句)
Could you tel l me_____Al ice really_______to learn French
28.Jake lives close to his workplace and he hates that．(改为否定句)
Jake_______ _______close to his workplace and he hates that．
29.It’s very comfortable to have a warm bath before going to bed．(改为感叹句)
________ ________it is to have a warm bath before going to bed !
30.My husband has begun to spend time jogging because he was too fat．(保持句意基本不变)
My husband has________ _______ jogging because he was too fat．
31.The teacher told the students not to throw rubbish in public places． (改为直接引语)
The teacher said to the students，“________ _______rubbish in public places．’’
32.Nurses and doctors often give health advice to patients.(改为被动语态)
Health advice_______often_________ to patients by nurses and doctors．
33.Everyone tries his best to achieve a higher score in Grade Nine.(改为一般疑问句)
______everyone _______his best to achieve a higher score in Grade Nine
34.The haughty boy broke his grandma's vase by mistake.(对划线部分提问)
______vase ______the naughty boy break by mistake
35.Please tell us when we should attend the meeting．(改为简单句)
Please tell us______ _______attend the meeting．
36.Frozen《冰雪奇缘》is really an attractive movie．(改为感叹句)
________ ________ attractive movie Frozen is !
37.It rained heavily this morning.Most of the students couldn’t go to school on time this morning.
It rained so heavily that most of the students______ _____go to school on time this Morning.
38.Mike and his friends will have a picnic in the park next week．(改为反意疑问句)
Mike and his friends will have a picnic in the park next week，_________ _________
39.Hurry up，or you will miss the first flight to San Francisc0．(保持原句意思不变)
________ you________hurry up，you will miss the first flight to San Francisco.
40.The project was interesting enough to attract a lot of students．(保持原句意思不变)
The project was_______interesting_________it could attract a lot of students.
41.My friend knew something about the car accident．(改为否定句)
My friend________know________about the car accident．
42.The Browns used to live in a small town near the beautiful beach．(对划线部分提问)
_______ _______the Browns use to live
43.Few of them can understand what the maths teacher said．(改为反意疑问句）
Few of them can understand what the maths teacher said，_______________
44.There is little rain in our city in winter．(保持原句意思)
It _________ ________ in our city in winter．
45.Every morning Sarah has an egg and a piece of bread as her breakfast.（改为一般疑问句）
__________Sarah ____________an egg and a piece of bread as her breakfast every morning
46.There will be a lot of changes taking place in my hometown.（改为反义疑问句）
There will be a lot of changes taking place in my hometown, _______ _______
47.People all think the cartoon Zootopia is interesting and wonderful.（对划线部分提问）
________ do people ___________ the cartoon Zootopia
48.Nowadays, many people continue their studies after they begin to work.（保持句意不变）
Nowadays, many people __________ ________with their studies after they begin to work.
49.Shall we call the police or not He asked me.（合并两句为一句）
He asked me __________ _____________ call the police or not.
50.The young parents lost their kid while shopping in a mall．(改为一般疑问句)
________the young parents________their kid while shopping in a mall
51.People get drinking water by taking away the salt from sea water.(对划线部分提问)
_________ ________people get drinking water
52.It is fun to ride a bike on a sunny day like this．(改为感叹句)
________ ________it is to ride a bike on a sunny day like this !
53.Ray takes his personal cup everywhere，so he doesn’t use paper cups．(保持句意基本不变)
Ray drinks with his personal cup________ ________paper cups·
54.We must take care of all the books in our school library．(改为被动语态)
All the books in our school library must________ ________care of by us．
55.The German violin cost Mr.Smith ten thousand yuan.(改为否定句)
The German violin_______ ________Mr.Smith ten thousand yuan．
56..Lillian is independent.She can look after herself．(合并为一句)
Lillian is independent________ ________look after herself．
57.Tony spent nearly two weeks reading the book The Great Gatsby.(保持句意基本不变)
________took Tony nearly two weeks______read the book The Great Gatsby．
58.Reading book is interesting.(保持原句意思基本不变)
_________ _________ book is interesting.
It’s _________ _________ read book.
59.Kitty was very excited to open her birthday presents. (改为感叹句)
Kitty was to open her birthday presents!
60.The exchange students will get to New York in about two weeks. (对划线部分提问）
will the exchange students get to New York
61.The singer not only writes his own song but also plays the guitar. (保持句意基本不变）
The singer writes his own songs and plays the guitar .
62.The government has built many parking places for car owners this year. (改为被动语态）
Many parking places for car owners built by the government this year.
63. “Will you take part in the sports meeting this year, Jimmy ” Susan asked. (改为宾语从句）
Susan asked Jimmy he ________ take part in the sports meeting this year.
64.You have to pay to park here. (改为否定句)
You ______ _______ to pay to park here
65.Henry Ford invented the world’s first assembly line in 1913. (划线提问)
_______ ________ Henry Ford invent the world’s first assembly line
66.They created a Children’s Fund to provide money for those who are ill. (保持句意)
They _______ ________ a Children’s Fund to provide money for those who are ill.
67.The newspapers will publish the results of the survey. (改为被动语态)
The results of the survey will _____ _______ in the newspapers.
68.We cannot drink salt water . we cannot take a shower with it, either. (保持句意)
We can _____ drink salt water ____ take a shower with it.
69.“Have you collected any materials about earthquakes ” asked Ms Ward. (改为宾语从句)
Ms Ward asked me _____ I _____ collected any materials about earthquakes.
70. Both of Mary’s parents work in this hospital.（改为否定句）
________of Mary’s parents_________in this hospital.
71. We can save water by fixing dripping taps.（对划线部分提问）
________ _________we save water
72. We will build a new Disneyland in Pudong New Area.（改为被动语态）
A new Disneyland will_________ _________in Pudong New Area.
73. Don’t pick the flowers in the garden.（改成反意疑问句）
Don’t pick the flowers In the garden,_________ ________
74. The train has arrived here. It arrived here two hours ago.（合择为一句）
The train__________ _________here for two hours.
75. Mr. Green was surprised that his son didn’t tell anyone that he was staying out late.（保持句意基本不变）
To Mr. Green’s_________, no one was__________of his son’s staying out late.
76.Let’s be a green consumer and help to protect the Earth.(改为反意疑问句)
Let’s be a green consumer and help to protect the Earth, _____________ ___________
77.The video will show the students how the Greeks captured the city of Troy through a trick.(改为被动语态)
The students will _________ _________how the Greeks captured the city of Troy through a trick by the video.
78. Thomas does exercise every day so that he can keep fit. ( 保持句意基本不变)
Thomas does exercise ____________ _________ to keep fit every day.
79. To leave a good impression, Kim put on his finest suit for the interview.(对划线部分提问)
________ ________ Kim put on his finest suit for the interview
80.After years, his dream of building an eco-systemfor the community finally realized.(保持句意不变)
After years, his dream of building an eco-system for the community finally_________ _________ .
81. When can we meet our host families He didn’t tell us.(合并两句为一 句)
He didn’t tell us________ we _________ meet our host families.
82. The girl does her homework at the weekend.（改为否定句）
The girl_________ _________her homework at the weekend.
83. My parents and I go to the cinema once a month.（对划线部分提问）
_______ ________do your parents and you go to the cinema
84. Our English teacher likes black coffee better than green tea.（保持句意基本相同）
Our English teacher________black coffee _________green tea.
85. The speaker spoke loudly. All the audience could hear him.（合并为一句）
The speaker spoke loudly_________ ________all the audience could hear him.
86. Our teacher warned us not to touch the chemicals in the lab.（改为被动语态）
We________ ________not to touch the chemicals in the lab.
87.The Blacks are preparing the barbecue outside their house. (改为否定句)
The Blacks _____________ ____________ the barbecue outside their house.
88.Miss Green has taught in the west of China since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
___________ __________ has Miss Green taught in the west of China
89.Tom will go to different places in California by car this winter. (保持句意基本不变)
Tom will _________ ___________ different places in California this winter.
90.Does Dinna write to her parents every week I want to know. (改为复合句)
I want to know _________ Dinna _______ to her parents every week.
91.The new car will cost Mr. White a lot of money. （改为否定句）
The new car cost Mr. White money.
92. You must not waste water. (改为被动语态)
Water must not__________ __________.
93. We have fine weather today. (改为感叹句)
__________ __________weather we have today!
94.He frightened me because he made a strange sound behind me suddenly. (保持句意基本不变)
He__________ me a__________ because he made a strange sound behind me suddenly .
95. The old girl has already copied all the new words on the blackboard.(改为否定句)
The old girl _________copied all the new words on the blackboard__________.
96. I will buy a T-shirt for my father. I don’t think of a better idea for a present.(保持句意基本不变)
I will buy a T-shirt for my father I of a better idea for a present.
97. There are few new words in the comic strips for our students.(反意疑问句)
There are few new words in the comic strips for out students， ？
98.The new vacuum cleaner cost more than her expectation.（改为反义疑问句）
The new vacuum cleaner cost more than her expectation, ______ ______ [来源:m]
99.Peter would rather watch a competition than take part in one.（保持原句意思）
Peter prefers ______ a competition ______ taking part in one.
100.Amy was very careful. She noticed small changes around her.（合并为一句）
Amy was careful ______ ______ notice small changes around her.
keys：1.How did 2.harm to 3.seriously ill 4.life will 5.instead of 6.whether had 7.so that 8. Did spreed 9. Which girl 10.neither nor 11.in fifties 12.have been 13.you are 14. How long 15.prefers to 16.too small 17.how to 18.is taken 19.Has any 20. How far 21.for free 22.won’t until 23.when came 24.stopped from 25.enough to 26. What like 27.whether plans 28.doesn’t live 29. How comfortable 30.taken up 31. Don’t throw 32.is given 33. Does try 34.whose did 35.when to 36. What an 37.failed to 38.won’t they 39.If don’t 40.so that 41.didn’t anything 42.Where did 43.can they 44.hardly rains 45. Does have 46.won’t there 47. How like 48.go on 49.whether to 50. Did lose 51. How do 52. What fun 53.instead of 54.be taken 55.didn’t cost 56.enough to 57. If to 58. To read,interesting to 59. How excited 60. How soon 61.as well 62.have been 63.whether would 64.don’t have 65. When did 66.set up 67.be published 68.neither nor 69.whether had 70.neither works 71. How can 72.be built 73.will you 74.has been 75.surprise informed 76.shall we 77.be shown 78.in order 79. Why did 80.came true 81.when can 82.doesn’t do 83. How often 84.prefers to 85.so that 86.were warned 87.aren’t preparing 88.How long 89.drive to 90.whether writes 91.won’t much 92.be wasted 93.What fine 94.gave fright 95.hasn’t, yet 96.unless think 97.are there 98.didn’t it 99.watching to 100.enough to
【过关检测】
一、划线部分提问
1．It takes me 10 minutes to walk to school every day. （对划线部分提问）
________ ________ does it take you to walk to school every day
【答案】How long
【详解】
句意：我每天步行上学要花10分钟。划线部分表示一段时间，对此提问用疑问词how long，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，故填How；long。
2．People are supposed to wash hands before having meals.（对划线部分提问）
_______ _______ people supposed to do before having meals
【答案】What are
【详解】
句意：人们应该在吃饭前洗手。根据划线部分“wash hands”可知，疑问词用“what”，位于句首，首字母大写；再者根据“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”可知，be动词“are”放在主语“people”之前，因此What；are符合句意。故填What；are。
3．Tourists go to the Movie Park for pleasure. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ tourists go to the Movie Park
【答案】Why do
【详解】
句意：游客们去电影公园是为了取乐。划线部分“for pleasure”表示原因，用疑问词why来提问；特殊疑问句的结构为“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”，根据“go”可知，用助动词do。开头字母要大写，故填Why；do。
4．Sunglasses are used for keeping out the sunshine.（对画线部分提问）
________ ________ sunglasses ________ for
【答案】What are used
【详解】
句意：太阳眼镜被用来遮挡阳光。划线部分意为“遮挡阳光”，应该用特殊疑问词what来提问，句首首字母w要大写。be used for…被用来做……，be动词提到主语sunglasses 前。故答案为What；are；used。
二、改写句子
5．My father was very busy working. He didn’t have time to play with me.(合并为一句)
My father was ________ busy working ________ have time to play with me.
【答案】too to
【详解】
句意：我爸爸忙于工作。他没有时间和我玩。两个简单句之间构成因果关系，可以用too...to do结构连接表示“太……以至于不能……”，故填too；to。
6．It is a very useful tool for us to repair the broken bike. (改为感叹句)
________ ________ useful tool it is for us to repair the broken bike!
【答案】What a
【详解】
句意：这是我们修理坏了的自行车的一个非常有用的工具。根据要求是改写为感叹句。感叹句的结构为：What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语或How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语。分析所给句子，可数名词单数前有形容词直接修饰。因此选what引导感叹句，useful是辅音音素开头的形容词，前面用a不用an。故填What；a。
7．“I have been in Hollywood for a year.” said the actress. （改为间接引语）
The actress said ________ she ________ been in Hollywood for a year.
【答案】that had
【详解】
句意：这个女演员说：“我已经在好莱坞待了一年了”。改为间接引语。根据陈述句“I have been in Hollywood for a year.”可知，用that引导宾语从句；再根据“said”可知，主句用一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时，即过去完成时，用had。故填that；had。
8．Your key should always be left at the reception desk when you go out. (改为主动语态)
You ________ always ________ your key at the reception desk when you go out.
【答案】should leave
【详解】
句意：当你外出时，钥匙应该放在服务台。原句是含有情态动词的被动语态，改为主动语态用should+动词原形leave，故填should；leave。
9．He shut the door heavily behind him because of his anger.（改为被动语态）
The door _____ _____ heavily behind him because of his anger.
【答案】was shut
【详解】
句意：他怒气冲冲地把门重重地关上了。原句时态是一般过去时，改为被动语态后，时态不变，即用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为（was/were done），主语是The door，be动词用was，shut的过去分词还是shut。故填was；shut。
10．Many people speak Chinese in France.（改为被动语态）
Chinese ________ ________ by many people in France.
【答案】is spoken
【详解】
句意：在法国很多人都说中文。本题考查由主动语态变被动语态。原句是一般现在时，故变为一般现在时的被动语态，构成形式为：be done；主语“Chinese”是第三人称单数形式，故be用is；speak的过去分词是spoken。故填is；sopken。
11．Mo Yan wrote those novels.（改为被动语态）
Those novels ________ ________ ________ Mo Yan.
【答案】were written by
【详解】
句意：莫言写了那些小说。时态是一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态构成：主语+was/were+动词过去分词，主语Those novels是复数，所以用were，write的过去分词是written，by在被动语态中起到连接在主动语态中主语的作用，作by的宾语。故填were；written；by。
12．You weren’t in the classroom yesterday evening. He wasn’t, either.
________ you ________ he ________ in the classroom yesterday evening.
【答案】Neither nor was
【详解】
句意：昨天晚上你不在教室。他也不在。题目要求将两句合并成一句。根据句意可知，两句的意思合在一起就是“昨晚你和他都不在教室”。表达“两者都不”可用短语neither…nor，适用就近原则，即谓语的形式由最近的主语he决定，且根据yesterday evening提示，be动词应用第三人称单数形式is的过去式was。故填Neither；nor；was。
13．She didn’t have any pears at the party.
She ________ ________ pears at the party, ________ she
【答案】had no did
【详解】
句意：她在聚会上没有吃梨。题目要求将原句改为反意疑问句，即句意为“她在聚会上没有吃梨，是吗？”的句子，英文表达为She had no pears at the party, did she 为前否后肯形式的反意疑问句。故填had；no；did。
14．He did some English exercises yesterday afternoon.（变为否定句）
He ________ ________ ________ English exercises yesterday afternoon.
【答案】didn’t do any
【详解】
句意：昨天下午他做了一些英语练习。题目要求将原句改为否定句。原句谓语did为实义动词，其否定形式需在其前加上助动词didn’t，did变回动词原形do，原句的some应改为any。故填didn’t；do；any。
15．Let’s go to see the movies, ________ ________ (改为反意疑问句)
【答案】Shall we
【详解】
句意：让我们去看电影吧，好吗？根据题意是变成反意一般疑问句，Let’s+动词原形，变成反意一般疑问句用Shall we，故填Shall；we。
16．He rang the alarm bell when seeing the fire. (变为否定句)
He ___________ _________ the alarm bell when seeing the fire.
【答案】didn’t ring
【详解】
句意：他看到火灾时按了警铃。原句谓语动词是动词的过去式rang，改为否定句时借助助动词did与not缩写为didn’t表否定，其后用rang的动词原形ring。故填didn’t；ring。
17．This watch can be repaired by us in two days. (变为一般疑问句)
_________ this watch __________ repaired by us in two days
【答案】Can be
【详解】
句意：我们可以在两天内修好这块表。原句中有情态动词can，改为一般疑问句时，情态动词can置于主语之前，第二空依旧用be动词原形。故填Can；be。
18．Do you study English by reading novels He asked me. (合并宾语从句)
He asked me if _________ _________ English by reading novels.
【答案】I studied
【详解】
句意：你是通过读小说学英语的吗？他问我。根据“Do you study English by reading novels ”和“He asked me”可知，变为宾语从句时，第二人称要跟随宾语的人称，因此you改为I；再者根据“He asked me”可知，主句时态是一般过去时，因此从句时态也用一般过去时，study改为studied。故填I；studied。
三、将所给单词连成句子
19．no, are, in the sky, clouds, there
________________________________________________________________.
【答案】There are no clouds in the sky
【详解】
根据所给单词以及标点可知，是肯定句。there are有；no不，没有；clouds云，be动词用复数形式are；in the sky在天空上，介词短语。故答案为：There are no clouds in the sky“天空上没有云”。
20．doctor, is, a, afraid, seeing, he, of
___________________________________________________________
【答案】Is he afraid of seeing a doctor
【详解】
根据所给标点可知应用疑问句形式，分析所给单词，此句使用一般疑问句，he作主语，is作谓语，放在句首，首字母应大写， afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事，固定短语，作表语；seeing a doctor看医生，动名词作宾语。故填Is he afraid of seeing a doctor“他害怕看医生吗”。
21．for, China, tea, known, its, is
______________________________________________________________________________________________.
【答案】China is known for its tea
【详解】
China中国；tea茶叶；its它的，是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词；be known for因为……而出名，故填China is known for its tea“中国因为茶叶而出名”。
22．arrive, for, don't, late, school
__________________________________________________________.
【答案】Don’t arrive late for school.
【详解】
根据标点符号可知此句是陈述句。分析单词，arrive late for school：上学迟到；don't不，构成否定祈使句，其形式是Don't do sth.。故答案为Don’t arrive late for school.（上学不要迟到）。
23．young kids, are, always, books, among, with pictures, welcome(连词成句)
______________________________.
【答案】Books with pictures are always welcome among young kids
【详解】
根据所给标点可知应用陈述句的形式。分析所给单词，books作主语，介词短语with pictures作后置定语，修饰“books”，are作谓语，always 用于系动词之后，welcome作表语，介词短语among young kids作状语，位于句末。故答案为: Books with pictures are always welcome among young kids“带图片的书总是很受孩子们的欢迎。”
24．get up, tell, to, earlier, him
_________________________________________________________________________.
【答案】Tell him to get up earlier.
【详解】
根据所给单词中的tell，可知本句需用到tell的用法“tell sb. to do sth.”，即tell them to get up。还有一个副词earlier，修饰get up放在最后。句子没有主语，所以写成以tell开头的祈使句，tell位于句首，首字母大写。故答案为Tell him to get up earlier.
25．both, tea, health, is good for, business, and
________________________________________________________________________________.
【答案】Tea is good for both health and business/Tea is good for both business and health
【详解】
根据所给标点可知，应用陈述句的形式。分析所给单词可知，tea茶，不可数名词，作主语；is good for为系表结构，放于主语后；both…and构成短语，意为“两者都”，在此可连接两个名词；health健康，作介词for的宾语；business商业，作for的宾语。health与 business可调换顺序。故答案为：Tea is good for both health and business“茶对健康和商业都有好处”或Tea is good for both business and health“茶对商业和健康都有好处”。
26．others, we, make, with, friends, should
_____________________________________________________________.
【答案】We should make friends with others
【详解】
句意：我们应该和其他人交朋友。这是一个陈述句，短语make friends with…意为“和…交朋友”，we should do…意为“我们应该做…”，others这里是指other people（其他人），故填We should make friends with others.
27．allow, outside, my parents, me, to, play
__________________________________________________.
【答案】My parents allow me to play outside.
【详解】
短语allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事；play outside在外面玩；my parents我的父母，在这里是主语。My parents allow me to play outside. 我父母允许我在外面玩。故答案为My parents allow me to play outside.
28．have, how, you, sports meeting, often, do, a
__________________________________________________
【答案】How often do you have a sports meeting
【详解】
根据标点是问号，这里是问句，how often多久，提问频度，have a sports meeting举行运动会；这里是特殊疑问句，主语是you，借助动词do。How often do you have a sports meeting 你多久开一次运动会？故答案为How often do you have a sports meeting
29．some sheep, there, on, are, mountain, the
__________________________________________________.
【答案】There are some sheep on the mountain.
【详解】
这里是there be句型；some sheep一些羊；on the mountain在山上。There are some sheep on the mountain.在山上有一些羊。故答案为There are some sheep on the mountain.
四、完成句子
30．幸亏有了政府，中国人彻底脱贫了。（thank）
____________ the government, Chinese get out of poverty completely.
【答案】Thanks to
【详解】
根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“幸亏”，英文表达为“thanks to”，放句首首字母要大写。故填Thanks to。
31．由于妨碍学习，Peter 几乎不玩手机了。(get)
Peter hardly plays with his phone, because it ____________ his study.
【答案】gets in the way of
【详解】
根据中英文对照可知，缺少“妨碍”。由提示词get可知，此处考查短语get in the way of，表示“阻碍，妨碍”；根据“Peter hardly plays with his phone”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语为it，故动词要用单数形式。故填gets in the way of。
32．我在尝试玩这个游戏，但是找不到启动键。
I am ________ ________ the game, but I can’t find out the start button.
【答案】trying out
【详解】
分析中英文对比，可知此处缺“尝试玩”的表述。try out意为“测试，尝试”，根据空前的be动词am，可知此处填动词的现在分词形式构成现在进行时，故填trying；out。
33．毫无疑问，重庆已经成为中国最受欢迎的旅游城市之一。（翻译句子）
______________ ____________, Chongqing has been one of the most popular cities in China already.
【答案】Without doubt
【详解】
毫无疑问without doubt，固定搭配。故填Without；doubt。
34．我们疑惑地盯着燃烧着的大楼上升起的黑烟。(in)
We stared ___________________ at the black smoke rising from the burning building.
【答案】in disbelief
【详解】
根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“疑惑地”，英文表达为“in disbelief”。故填in disbelief。
35．我们足够的大了，应该为自己的选择和行为负责。(be)
We are old enough to ___________________ our decisions and actions.
【答案】be responsible for
【详解】
根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“为……负责”，英文表达为“be responsible for”；“形容词+enough+to do sth.”表示“足够……去做某事”，所以此处填be动词原形。故填be responsible for。
36．好的学习者不怕在练习的时候犯错误。
Good learners ________________________________ while practicing.
【答案】are not afraid of making mistakes/are not afraid to make mistakes
【详解】
根据中英文对照可知，缺少“不怕犯错误”。be afraid of=be afraid to do“害怕……”；make mistakes“犯错误”，可数名词用复数mistakes；介词of后接doing形式，不定式to后接动词原形。根据主语“Good learners”可知，用are，变为否定句，在are后加not。故填are not afraid of making mistakes/are not afraid to make mistakes。
37．你最好晚上复习一下功课，否则就会落后于他人。
You’d better ________ your lessons at night, or you’ll ________.
【答案】go over fall behind
【详解】
由题干可知，复习：go over；落后：fall behind。had better后跟动词原形；will后跟动词原形。故填go over；fall behind。
38．贫困地区的孩子们渴望教育。
Children in poor areas ________ education.
【答案】are thirsty for
【详解】
be thirsty for sth表示“渴望某物”，本句描述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时；句中主语是Children，所以be动词用are。故填are thirsty for。
39．瞧!孩子们正在教室里看图片编故事。
Look! The children ________ a story for the picture in the classroom.
【答案】are making up
【详解】
结合汉语与英语，此处须填make up“编造”；根据“Look!”可知，这里需用现在进行时be doing结构，主语是The children，所以be动词用are。故填are making up。
五、同义句转化
40．Simon didn’t work out the problem. (改为同义句)
Simon ________ ________ work out the problem.
【答案】failed to
【详解】
句意：西蒙没有解出这道题。原句是否定句，表达的意思是“西蒙解题失败了”。fail to do表示“没能做成某事”，结合原句是一般过去时，fail需用过去式，故填failed；to。
41．We take pride in our country because it has made great progress in many fields.(改为同义句)
We are________ ________our country because it has made great progress in many fields.
【答案】proud of
【详解】
句意：我们为我们的国家感到骄傲，因为它在许多领域取得了巨大的进步。根据题干要求，take pride in的同义短语是be proud of。故填proud；of。
42．I felt very happy when my lost mobile phone was found. (保持句意基本不变)
________my great________, my lost mobile phone was found.
【答案】To joy
【详解】
句意：当我丢失的手机被找到，我感到很开心。根据“my great”可知，第二空处用名词，使用to one’s+n“使某人……”结构，joy“开心”，名词。开头字母要大写，故填To；joy。
43．We take pride in our country. (改为同义句)
We are _________ _________ our country.
【答案】proud of
【详解】
句意：我们为我们的国家感到自豪。take pride in=be proud of“为……感到骄傲”，故填proud；of。
44．Be careful! The bus will come soon.
Look ________! The bus ________ ________.
【答案】out is coming
【详解】
句意：当心！汽车要来了。固定短语look out与be careful同义，都表示“当心”；come为瞬间动词，可用现在进行时表示“将要来”，即is coming。故填out；is；coming。
45．They take pride in everything good that I do. (改为同义句)
They are ________ ________ everything good that I do.
【答案】proud of
【详解】
句意：他们为我做的每一件好事感到自豪。根据“They are ... everything good that I do.”和原句可知，空格处缺“为……感到自豪”，take pride in=be proud of为……感到自豪。故填proud；of。
46．His grandpa died two weeks ago.
His grandpa ________ ________ ________for two weeks.
【答案】has been dead
【详解】
句意：他的爷爷两周前去世了。根据“for two weeks”可知，应该使用现在完成时，且动词应该使用延续性动词；根据情境可知，表示“他的爷爷已经去世了两周了”，“die”对应的延续性动词为“be dead”；“His grandpa”为单数，应该使用has。故填：has been dead。
47．Send the letter to the manager at once.（保持句意基本不变）
Send the letter to the manager ________ ________.
【答案】right now/away
【详解】
句意：马上把这封信寄给经理。at once=right now=right away，表示“立刻”，故填right；now/away。
48．Mum’d rather stay with me than go square dancing at weekends in the past. (改为同义句)
Mum ________ staying with me ________ going square dancing at weekends in the past.
【答案】preferred to
【详解】
句意：过去周末妈妈宁愿和我待在一起也不愿去广场跳舞。would rather do A. than do B.“相较于B更喜欢A”，=prefer doing A to doing B.；根据in the past可知是一般过去时，故填preferred；to。
49．We are proud of Ning Zhongyan who won Men’s 1500-meter speed skating a few days ago.(改为同义句）
We ________ ________ in Ning Zhongyan who won Men’s 1500-meter speed skating a few days ago.
【答案】take pride
【详解】
句意：我们为前几天获得男子1500米速滑冠军的宁中炎感到骄傲。be proud of=take pride in“对……感到骄傲”，原句是一般现在时，此处也用一般现在时，主语是we，动词应用原形，故填take pride。
50．Developing a good reading habit is important to all of us.
Developing a good reading habit _________ _________ _________ to all of us.
【答案】is of importance
【详解】
句意：养成良好的阅读习惯对我们每个人都很重要。原句be important to sb.表示“对某人来说很重要”，important是形容词，可用其对应的名词importance表达同一个意思，即be of importance to sb.“对某人来说具有重要性”。结合句子结构，故填is；of；importance。
51．It will make us happy if we travel with our friends.（改为同义句）
The trip with our friends will ________ us ________.
【答案】cheer/bring up/happiness
【详解】
句意：如果我们和朋友一起去旅行，我们会很高兴的。根据上下句的句意对比可知，下句中应填空的地方对应的是上句的“make us happy（使我们高兴）”；“使……高兴”的同义表达有“cheer...up/bring...happiness”，又因为助动词will后应接动词原形，所以第一空可填cheer/bring,第二空可填up/happiness。故填cheer/bring；up/happiness。
52．She didn’t go camping because of the heavy rain. (改为同义句)
The heavy rain ________ her ________ going camping.
【答案】prevented/stopped/kept from
【详解】
句意：因为下大雨，她没有去野营。句子还可以转换成“大雨阻止了她去野营”，prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth“阻止某人做某事”，原句是过去时，此处的动词应用过去式，故填prevented/stopped/kept，from。
53．The weather affected our plans. (改为同义句)
The weather had an ________ ________ our plans.
【答案】influence on
【详解】
句意：天气影响了我们的计划。原句affect意思是“影响”，和短语have an influence on“对…有影响”同义；根据句子结构，故填influence; on。
54．The editors take charge of different sections of the newspaper.（句意不变）
The editors are ________ ________ different sections of the newspaper.
【答案】responsible for
【详解】
句意：编辑们负责报纸的不同版面。结合此句横线前的be动词可知，原句“take charge of（控制，掌管）”可替换成“be responsible for”，意为“对……负责”。故填responsible；for。
55．She was glad to win first place in the writing competition last week. (保持句意基本不变)
To ________ ________, she won first place in the writing competition last week.
【答案】her gladness
【详解】
句意：她很高兴在上周的写作比赛中获得第一名。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少“让她高兴的是”，“to+one’s+表示情感的名词”表示“令某人感到……的是”，此处one’s为her，glad的名词为gladness。故填her；gladness。
56．To learn English well requires a lot of regular reading. (保持句意基本不变)
We ________ ________ do a lot of reading regularly if we want to learn English well.
【答案】ought/need to
【详解】
句意：要学好英语需要大量的定期阅读。结合原句句意可知，如果我们想要学好英语的话，就“需要”或者“应该”做大量的定期阅读；需要做某事“need to do sth.”，应该做某事 “ought to do sth.”，由此可知，第一空可填ought或者need，第二空应填to。故填ought/need；to。
57．My father will leave for Beijing to attend an important conference. （保持句意基本不变）
My father will _______ ________ for Beijing to attend an important conference.
【答案】set out/off
【详解】
句意：我父亲要去北京参加一个重要的会议。此处需要替换的是leave for“出发去”，可以用set off/out替换，故填set ；out/off。
58．The King ordered his men to work out the mystery immediately. (保持句意不变)
The King ordered his men to work out the mystery __________ __________.
【答案】at once
【详解】
句意：国王命令他的人立即去解开这个秘密。原句中immediately表示“立即/马上”，是副词，修饰动词短语work out，和介词短语at once同义。根据同义句题干，可知需用at once代替immediately，故填at; once。
59．We had to stay at home because the weather was terrible.(改为简单句)
We had to stay at home ________ ________ the terrible weather.
【答案】because of
【详解】
句意：因为天气很糟糕，我们不得不待在家里了。“因为”有两种表达法：because和because of。because是连词，后接句子。because of是复合介词，后接名词、代词、动名词等。因改写句子中“the terrible weather”为名词短语，故“因为”应选because of来表示。故填because;of。
60．The last time I saw my piano teacher was in 2012.(保持句意基本不变)
I haven’t seen my piano teacher ________ ________.
【答案】since 2012
【详解】
句意：我最后一次见到我的钢琴老师是在2012年。根据“haven’t seen”可知，此处可用“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构表示，故填since；2012。
