【自主预习课】2022年九年级英语寒假(二模)衔接学案(牛津上海版)-第10讲 语法综合复习一(学生版+教师版)

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名称 【自主预习课】2022年九年级英语寒假(二模)衔接学案(牛津上海版)-第10讲 语法综合复习一(学生版+教师版)
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更新时间 2022-01-11 21:28:18

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第10讲 语法综合复习一
【学习目标】
1、对于冠词、介词、代词、数词、名词、形容词、副词知识的综合梳理
2、对于中考常考语法点的易错题辨析
3、完成语法专练
【基础知识】
1、本节内容(presentation)
语法综合复习1
一.冠词:
基础常考点:
1. 指定冠词与不定冠词:
a(泛指)——第一次提到,表“一个”
The(特指)——表示特指“这个”,通常指代上文中有所提及的事物或人。
2. 元音发音要用an:
1) 通常以a,e,i,o,u开头的可数名词单数要用an
2) 26个字母里面有些字母单独列出,也需要用an.口诀 “Mr. Line has a fox” 中的字母前都用an,其余都用a
e.g. There is an “m” and a “p” in the word “map”.
3. 球类前不加the,乐器前要加the。
4. the +形容词表一类人。
5. 独一无二事物,形容词最高级,序数词,方位名词前要加the。
6. “the”表特指搭配需注意:
e.g. go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital 去看病人
go to church 做礼拜 go to the church去教堂做特定的某件事
7. 固定搭配需注意:
e.g. go on a diet, make a living, at the same time等。
易错点:
1. 以a, e, i, o, u开头的可数名词单数不用an,要用a:
归纳可得:U开头发 “u” 本音的要用a,e.g. a useful book, a uniform, a university.
U开头不发本音的都用an, e.g. an umbrella, an unusual day
O 在中考唯一特例是one,e.g. a one-day trip
E 在中考唯一特列是European,e.g. a European country.
2. 虽然不以a, e, i, o, u开头,但是仍然要用an:
an honest boy, an hour
3. 职位,称谓前不加the:
e.g. The man, father of Tom, is a good man.
We chose David to be chairman of our country.
4. 汉语拼音前不加the:
e.g. Yangpu Bridge is one of the longest bridges in China.
冠词小测练:
1. Do you know that street is ________ one-way street
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【解析】A空格后one不发原因,属于特例,故选A,此题极易误选成B
2. John is __________ university student. He will be made __________ monitor of his class.
A. an ... the B. a... a C. a... / D. an... the
【解析】C本题第一空后的university发u本音,不是原因开头,故只能用a,第二空monitor班长是职位,前面不能加the,故选C。
3. People in the west generally go to ________ church on Christmas Day.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
【解析】D本题意为西方人通常在圣诞节去教堂做礼拜,固定词组go to church表示做礼拜,加了the就是其他意思了。
二.介词:
基础常考点:
1. 表时间区别:
(l)in, on, at
in常同“上午、下午、晚上、年、月、周、四季、世纪”等连用;
on表示在具体的某一天,或具体到某一天的上午、下午或晚上;
at 一般表示一个时间点,指某一点时间或在……岁时。
(2)after, in
after+表示时间的名词短语,通常和过去时连用,in+表示时间的名词短语,通常和将来时连用。但如果是时间点的话,只能用after。
2. 表示地点的介词
(l)on, in, at
on表示在一个平面的上面,并和这个平面接触;m在空间的内部;at在某个位置点。
(2)above, over
above表示“在上方”,只高于某物,不是正上方,与below相反;over表示“正上方”,与under相反。
(3)between, among
between表示在两者之间,among指在三者或三者以上之间。
(4)through,across
through表示从空间位置的穿过,across表示从表面位置的经过。
(5)in, on, to
in表示在范围之内,on表示两地方相邻或接壤,to表示在范围之外。
3. 表方式介词用法
4. 表方位介词用法
易错点:
1. In front of/ in the front of 区别:
In front of 表示在…前面,in the front of 表示在…的前端
2. besides,except,except for
besides表示除了一部分还有另~部分,表示附加;except表示“从总体中排除一部分”,表示排斥;except for表示整体中的一部分
3. 固定搭配需注意
介词小测练:
1. The landslide (泥石流) in Zhouqu, Gansu happened __________.
A. on August 7, 2010 B. in August 7, 2010
C. in 2010, August 7 D. on August 7, in 2010
【解析】A本题考查的是介词表示时间的用法。2010年8月7日是具体的一天,故只能用on,排除了BC后,D选项中有两个介词,故只能选A
2. Fangfang’s English composition is excellent __________ a few spelling mistakes.
A. except B. except for C. besides D. as well as
【解析】B本句意为芳芳的英语作文很好除了一些拼写错误,拼写错误是英语作文的一部分,故选B。
3. My aunt arrived in Shanghai __________ the evening of October 20th, she wanted to visit the World Expo.
A. on B. in C. to D. at
【解析】A本题也是具体到了10月20日的晚上,故只能选A,千万不能因为in the evening而选B。
三.代词:
基础常考点:
1 反身代词在短语中的用法:
e.g. help oneself to sth. enjoy oneself 等
2. 不定代词both, neither, all, none, either用法区分。
3. 不定代词something, anything, nothing等和形容词的位置关系,必须放在形容词前。
4. little, few, a little, a few, much, many等词用法区分。
5. it, one, that, those表示指代作用时的用法区分。
易错点:
1 other系列用法区别:
another+名词单数 other+名词复数
other+名词=others 不加名词
one the other
○ ○
One another the other
○ ○ ○
Some…others…the others
○○○○○○○○○
2 any, any other转换:
共同点:后面都是加名词单数
不同点:前后不在同一范围内用any,在同一范围内用any other
e.g. Liuxiang runs faster than any athlete in Europe.
Liuxiang runs faster than any other athlete in China.
3 a friend of mine 结构需注意
代词小测练:
1. I can't connect my computer to the Internet. There must be _____ wrong with it.
A. something B. everything C anything D. Nothing
【解析】A本题考查的是不定代词。anything,nothing 一般用于疑问句,否定句,所以首先排除C,D项。然后根据句意我的电脑连不上网,肯定有什么东西出错了,something符合题意。所以应选A。
2.I have two children,and of them are working in the west of China.
A. all B. both C. neither D. Either
【解析】B两个孩子应该考虑both/neither/either,后面动词是are所以用both。
3. Try to guess what's in my __________ hand.
A. the other B. the others C. another D. other
【解析】D本题极易误选为A,手只有两个,很多学生会选择A,但是注意空格前已经有人称代词my,根据语法规则“有代无冠”,故选D。
四.数词:
基础常考点:
hundred, thousand, million等用法:
1)有数字后面不能加s e.g. 3 hundred students
2)前面不能加数字,后面加s和of e.g. hundreds of students
3)前面有限定词about, only, more than 等后面必须跟具体数字 only 3 hundred students
4)表示范围内的多少,可以又有数字又有of e.g. three hundred of the students
易错点:
1. 固定搭配 e.g. in one’s +基数词复数 e.g. in my fifties
2. 序数词与a 连用表示又一,再一 e.g. a second time
数词小测练:
1. There are several __________ people in the park now. It's very crowded.
A. thousands of B. thousand C. thousand of D. thousands
【解析】B 本题空格前被several修饰,相当于被数字所修饰,故只能用数字+hundred用法。选B
2. Over _________ people visited the Shanghai World Expo on Chung Yeung Festival.
A. one million B. one million of C. million of D. millions of
【解析】A 根据选项看,A,D都对,但是空格前被over修饰,后面要跟具体数字,故选A。
五.名词:
基础常考点:
1单复数变化:
1)单复数同体:sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese
2)以o结尾的可数名词,有生命才加es,口诀“英雄爱吃土豆,番茄和芒果,真有意思”
3)前后都需要变复数:two women doctors
2不可数名词前的量词可变复数:two pieces of information.
3不规则名词变化需注意
4 名词的词性变化需积累
易错点:
1. 表示并列名词所有格关系时的区别:
Mary and Tom’s room 表示两个人共同的房间
Mary’s and Tom’s rooms 表示两个人每人一个房间
2. 修饰可数不可数名词区分:
1) a lot of, lots of , plenty of , enough加可数/不可数名词
2) a number of+可数名词+动词复数形式
the number of+可数名词+动词单数形式
3)a large amount of , amounts of , a great deal of 修饰不可数名词
名词小测练:
1. I’ve read ___sports news about the F1 race today.
A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of
【解析】D本题考查的是表示数量的名词的用法。空缺部:分所修饰的词是news而不是sports。
news是一个不可数名词,不能直接用数词来修饰,排除A、C这两项。表达数量的名词作定语时,后面一定要有介词of,所以D项是正确选项。
2. __________ of the students in our class __________ fifty-four.
A. The number...is B. The amount...is
C. The number...are D. A number...are
【解析】由于students是可数名词,故先排除B,因为amount只能修饰不可数名词。A number of后面+可数名词+动词复数形式表示大量的,the number of 后面+可数名词+动词单数形式表示…的数字是多少,故选A。
六.形容词副词:
基础常考点:
1比较级和最高级变化,注意不规则变化
2修饰比较级的词:much, a little, a bit, far, even, still
3原级比较级最高级几个特殊句型:as…….as 用于肯定句/否定句 so…..as 只能用于否定句
4 –ing 表示令人 --ed表示感到
易错点:
1. 感官动词+ adj.
e.g. Keep our classroom clean look sad
2. 常用形容词和副词的辨析, 以ly结尾仍然是形容词:likely, lovely, lonely, lively, friendly
3. 不去e的adj: changeable
去e的adj. truly, argument
4 one of +最高级+名词复数
形容词和副词小测练:
1. The baby feels____ while his mother holds him in her arms.
A. save B. safe C. safely D. safety
【解析】B本题考查了形容词safe做表语成分。其中feel为系动词,其后的表语应用形容词,save是动词,safely是副词safety是名词,所以本题答案是B。
2.Pu dong International Airport is one of________airports in the world.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
【解析】D本题考查了形容词big的最高级形式biggest,所以答案就是在C和D之间。形容词最高级前面要加the来修饰,所以答案是the biggest.
3.The students from Sinkiang enjoy staying in our school because everyone is ______ to them;
A. friendly ' B. gently C. happily D. Politely
【解析】A本题考查了形容词和副词的区别。题目中1S后面要加形容词构成系表结构,观察上面四个选项,只有friendly是形容词,剩下三个都是副词。
【真题演练】
一、单项选择
1.Japan lies ________ the east of Asia and ________ the northeast of China.
A.in; on B.in; to C.to; in D.on; in
2.David doesn’t know how to ride a bike, so he ________ goes to school by bike.
A.never B.always C.usually D.sometimes
3.There are ________ minutes in an hour.
A.sixty B.seventy C.sixteen D.eighty
4.What time is it now
A.half past one B.a quarter to one C.a quarter past one D.five past three
5.The month before April is ________.
A.May B.March C.June D.July
6.—________ 1st is the 100th birthday of CPC(中国共产党).
— Yes, and our most important test is in this month, too.
A.June B.July C.September D.October
7.The fire happened ________ a cold morning but luckily, no one was hurt.
A.at B.on C.in D.for
8.Mum wants to keep healthy. She ________ eats too much meat.
A.often B.never C.always D.usually
9.About two ________ students in our school join the swimming club.
A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred of
10.— How many people are at the old people’s house
— __________. Forty men and fifty women.
A.Sixty B.Seventy C.Eighty D.Ninety
11.Amy is an ________ girl. She is very friendly.
A.8-years-old B.8-year-old C.8-years old D.8-year old
12.The patients (病人) of COVID-19 often have ________ cough and they need to get ________ X-ray.
A.an; a B.a; a C.a; an D.the; a
13.Mr. Li often plays __________ chess with his students after class.
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
14.— Does Ann like playing ________ guitar
— Yes, but his sister likes playing ________ chess.
A.the; / B./; the C.the; the D./; /
15.This is ________ English book. ________ English book is blue.
A.a;The B.an;The C.an;An D.the;The
16.— Do you believe what he said
— Yes. He is ________ honest boy and he always tells ________ truth.
A.a; a B.an; a C.an; the D.the; the
17.You helped to make _________ possible for me to have a pet dog.
A.this B.that C.it D.one
18.—______ you have a good time at the party last night
—Sure, we enjoyed ______.
A.Was; myself B.Was; ourselves C.Did; yourselves D.Did; ourselves
19.We all think ________ is important to protect the environment.
A.this B.that C.one D.it
20.—How many apples do you need
—________, please.
A.Two bags of apples B.Two bags of apple
C.Two bag of apples D.Two bag of apple
【过关检测】
21.I’d like some _______ with _______.
A.tomatoes soup; chicken B.tomato soup; chicken
C.tomato soups; chickens D.tomatoes soups; chickens
22.Lucy and Lily are twins. In some _______, they look _______.
A.way; same B.ways; the same C.roads; same D.road; the same
23.In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in _________ of one’s life.
A.control B.fact C.result D.place
24.— Who ran ________ of all in the sports meeting
—Hector did, I think.
A.fast B.faster C.fastest D.most fast
25.Of all the students in Class Three, Tim runs ________.
A.fast B.faster C.more faster D.the fastest
26.John did badly in the sports meeting. And I did even ________.
A.worst B.bad C.worse D.badly
27.—Does your grandma live
—Yes. But she doesn’t feel because we often go to see her.
A.alone; alone B.lonely; lonely C.lonely; alone D.alone; lonely
28.Bob isn’t as ________ as Jim.
A.brave B.braver C.bravest D.more brave
29.—Jimmy, ________ you study, ________ result you will get.
—I know, Miss Gao.
A.The better; the harder B.the hard; the better
C.The harder; the well D.the harder; the better
30.— Can you finish the work in three days
— I’m afraid not. We need ________ days.
A.two another B.more two C.another two D.the other two
31.Every year, ________ books are given away to the children in poor areas.
A.million B.millions C.millions of D.million of
32.________ of the students in our class like sports, and others like music.
A.Three fifths B.Third fifths C.Three fifth D.Third fifth
33.The teacher told us to write a ________ composition after class.
A.1,000 words long B.1,000 word long
C.1,000-words-long D.1,000-word-long
34.James buys 4 bags of carrots. Each bag has 16 carrots. He uses 18 carrots to make soup. How many carrots does he have now
A.2 B.38 C.46 D.82
35.Please get _________ X-ray. It’s _________ useful way for you.
A.a; a B.an; an C.an; a D.a; an
36.I have a friend Tom. He is ________ boy.
A.a 8-years-old B.a 8-year-old C.an 8 years old D.an 8-year-old
37.—What’s the matter with you
—I have _________ sore throat.
A.the B.a C./ D.an
38.Miller had ________ interest in soccer when he was ten. He practiced it very hard and soon he made ________ soccer team.
A.a, a B.an, an C.the, the D.an, the
39.I know this plan is not perfect, but I just can’t think of ________ one.
A.a better B.the better C.a best D.the best
40.To surprise, the little boy could sweep the floor by himself.
A.she B.her C.hers D.herself
41.—Kunming is really a beautiful city and there are so many places of interest.
—I can’t agreemore. So why not stay here for ________ two days
A.other B.the other C.others D.another
42.We think ________ is our duty to protect the environment in our everyday life.
A.we B.it C.us D.that
43.I am thirsty. Could you give me ________ Coke
A.some B.any C.little D.other
44.Don’t worry about us. We have enough time to look after ________.
A.ourselves B.myself C.yourself D.themselves
45.Nobody taught me English. I learned it all by ________.
A.me B.you C.myself D.yourself
46.— I find it difficult to finish so much work in such a short time by ________.
— Don’t worry. I’ll help you.
A.me B.myself C.herself D.yourself
47.My teacher gave me much on how to study English well when I had some trouble.
A.advise B.question C.advice D.problem
48.We should learn the _________ of the China women’s national volleyball team in our life and study.
A.decision B.situation C.importance D.spirit
49.This is my _________ house. I’m the _________ of the house.
A.owner; owner B.own; owner C.owner; own D.own; own
50.Reading great books has a good ________ on the development of a child.
A.choice B.secret C.influence D.introduction
参考答案
1.B
【详解】
句意:日本位于亚洲的东部,中国的东北部。
考查介词。in在……内部;on与……接壤;to与……毗邻。日本在亚洲的内部,所以用介词in。日本与中国是毗邻关系,所以用介词to。故选B。
2.A
【详解】
句意:大卫不知道怎么骑自行车,所以他从不骑自行车上学。
考查频度副词。never从不;always总是;usually通常;sometimes有时。根据“David doesn’t know how to ride a bike”可知,不会骑自行车,所以从不骑自行车去上学,故选A。
3.A
【详解】
句意:一个小时里有60分钟。
考查数词辨析。sixty六十;seventy七十;sixteen十六;eighty八十。根据“minutes in an hour”及常识可知,一小时有60分钟,故选A。
4.C
【详解】
句意:现在几点钟?
考查时刻的表达。half past one一点半;a quarter to one十二点四十五分;a quarter past one一点十五分;five past three三点过五分。根据图片显示可知,现在是“1:15”,英文表达为a quarter past one,故选C。
5.B
【详解】
句意:四月之前的月份是三月。
考查名词辨析。May五月份;March三月份;June六月份;July七月份。根据“The month before April”及常识可知,四月份之前是三月份,故选B。
6.B
【详解】
句意:——7月1日是中国共产党的100岁生日。——是的,我们最重要的考试也在这个月。
考查名词辨析。June六月份;July七月份;September九月份;October十月份。根据“1st is the 100th birthday of CPC”及常识可知,7月1日是中国共产党的100岁生日,故选B。
7.B
【详解】
句意:火灾发生在一个寒冷的早上,但是幸运的是,没有人受伤。
考查介词。at 用于具体的时刻前面;on用于具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午,下午或晚上;in用在年、月的前面;for后接一段时间。根据“a cold morning ”可知,此处表示具体的“在一个寒冷的早上”,用介词on。故选B。
8.B
【详解】
句意:——妈妈想要保持健康。她从不吃太多肉。
考查频度副词辨析。often经常;never从不;always总是;usually通常。根据“Mum wants to keep healthy.”可知,下句应该是“她从不吃太多肉”。故选B。
9.A
【详解】
句意:我们学校大约有200名学生参加游泳俱乐部。
考查数词用法。hundred/thousand等大数的表达,当这些词与具体数字连用时,通常不加复数词尾-s, 也不后接介词 of。此处的空前面有具体的数字two,因此用hundred。故选A。
10.D
【详解】
句意:——有多少人住在养老院?——九十。四十个男人和五十个女人。
考查数词辨析。sixty六十;seventy七十;eighty八十;ninety九十。根据“Forty men and fifty women”可知,40+50=90,故选D。
11.B
【详解】
句意:艾米是一个8岁的女孩。她很友好。
考查复合形容词。在英语中,用“基数词+years old”或“基数词-year-old”结构表示人的年龄,但后者用作形容词,修饰名词;结合选项,可知ACD三项表达错误,故选B。
12.C
【详解】
句意:COVID-19患者经常咳嗽,需要做x光检查。
考查冠词辨析。an是不定冠词,修饰单数名词表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前面;a是不定冠词,修饰单数名词表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前面;the是定冠词,表特指。have a cough意思是“咳嗽”,是固定短语,可知前空填a;X-ray以元音音素开头,需用an修饰。故选C。
13.D
【详解】
句意:李先生经常下课后和他的学生下棋。
考查冠词。a一个,不定冠词,表示泛指,用于辅音音素前;an一个,不定冠词,表示泛指,用于元音音素前;the这个,定冠词,表示特指。play chess“下象棋”,故选D。
14.A
【详解】
句意:—— 安喜欢弹吉他吗?—— 是的,但是他姐姐喜欢下棋。
考查冠词的用法。根据固定搭配“play the guitar”可知,第一空“the”符合句意;再者根据“play chess”可知,第二空零冠词符合句意。故选A。
15.B
【详解】
句意:这是一本英语书。这本英语书是蓝色的。
考查冠词使用。a一个,不定冠词,表示泛指,用于辅音音素前;an一个,不定冠词,表示泛指,用于元音音素前;the这个,定冠词,表示特指。此处“英语书”,是第一次提到,用不定冠词,English是一个以元音音素开头的单词,用an;再一次提到这本英语书,要用定冠词the。故选B。
16.C
【详解】
句意:——你相信他说的话吗?——对。他是一个诚实的男孩,他总是说实话。
考查冠词使用。a一个,不定冠词,表示泛指,用于辅音音素前;an一个,不定冠词,表示泛指,用于元音音素前;the这个,定冠词,表示特指。第一空是泛指一个诚实的男孩,用不定冠词,honest是一个以元音音素开头的单词,用an修饰;第二空用固定短语tell the truth“说实话”。故选C。
17.C
【详解】
句意:你帮忙让我拥有一只宠物狗成为可能。
考查代词。this这个;that那个;it它;one一个。句子用“make it +形容词 for sb. to do”的结构,宾语是动词不定式,“it”是形式宾语。表达“让我拥有一只宠物狗成为可能”用代词“it”代替。故选C。
18.D
【详解】
句意:——你们昨晚在聚会上玩得开心吗?——当然,我们玩得很开心。
考查一般疑问句和反身代词。根据“have a good time”可知句中有实义动词have,一般疑问句里要用助动词,排除AB选项。再根据“we enjoyed”可知是我们玩得开心,故选D。
19.D
【详解】
句意:我们都认为保护环境很重要。
考查代词。this这个;that那个;one一个;it它。此处是省略引导词that的宾语从句,宾语从句的主语为形式主语it,真正主语是动词不定式“to protect the environment”。故选D。
20.A
【详解】
句意:——你需要多少苹果?——两袋吧。
考查名词复数。a bag of... “一袋……”,当数量大于一时,bag变为复数形式bags,后面所修饰的apple “苹果”是可数名词,也要变为复数形式apples。故选A。
21.B
【详解】
句意:我想要一些西红柿汤配鸡肉。
考查名词。tomato soup意为“西红柿汤”,是不可数名词。chicken“鸡肉”,是不可数名词,故选B。
22.B
【详解】
句意:露西和莉莉是双胞胎。在某些方面,她们看起来是一样的。
考查名词复数和the same的用法。way方面;road路。in some ways“在某些方面”,the same指同样的事物或人(通常与the连用)。故选B。
23.A
【详解】
句意:在这本书中,Aron讲述了做出正确决定和掌控生活的重要性。
考查名词辨析。control控制,掌控;fact事实;result结果;place地方。分析句子可知,此处指的是掌控生活,in control of“控制,管理,掌握”。故选A。
24.C
【详解】
句意:——在运动会上,在所有人当中谁跑得最快?——我认为是Hector。
考查副词的最高级。根据句子中的“of all”可知,应该是询问的谁跑得最快,即用副词的最高级,副词的最高级前不需要用定冠词the,故选C。
25.D
【详解】
句意:Tim是3班所有的学生中跑得最快的。
考查副词最高级。根据“Of all the students in Class Three”可知,此处在和班里的所有同学作比较,所以应用最高级。故选D。
26.C
【详解】
句意:约翰在运动会中表现不好。我做得更糟。
考查副词的比较级。根据“even”可知,此处应使用副词badly的比较级worse。故选C。
27.D
【详解】
句意:——你奶奶一个人住吗?——对。但是她并不感到孤独,因为我们经常去看她。
考查词汇辨析。alone独自,副词;lonely孤独的,形容词。根据“Does your grandma live...”可知是在询问对方奶奶是不是一个人居住,副词alone修饰动词;再由“because we often go to see her.”可知她不感到孤独,feel后跟形容词lonely作表语。故选D。
28.A
【详解】
句意:鲍勃没有吉姆勇敢。
考查形容词等级。as...as“和……一样”,中间接形容词或副词原级,故选A。
29.D
【详解】
句意:——Jimmy,你学习越努力,你的成绩就越好。——我知道,高老师。
考查形容词比较级。better更好的,good的比较级;harder更努力地,hard的比较级;句型“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示“越……,就越……”,排除B和C,由语境可知,应该是你学习越努力,你的成绩就越好,排除A,故选D。
30.C
【详解】
句意:—— 你能在三天内完成这项工作吗?—— 恐怕不行。我们还需要两天时间。
考查“又几个”的表达。“数词+more/other+名词”或者“another+数词+名词”表示“再几个……;又几个……”,结合选项,故选C。
31.C
【详解】
句意:每年上百万本书被捐献给贫困地区的孩子们。
考查数词用法。million意为“百万”,前有基数词时,million用原形;millions of意为“上百万的”,后接可数名词复数。选项BD形式错误,故排除;设空前面没有基数词,故选C。
32.A
【详解】
句意:我们班五分之三的学生喜欢运动,其余的喜欢音乐。
考查分数表达。分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母用序数词的复数形式,三分之二的表达是“three fifths”,故选A。
33.D
【详解】
句意:老师让我们下课后写一篇1000字的作文。
考查基数词+名词+形容词的用法。此处用“基数词+名词+形容词”结构作定语修饰后面的名词,且此结构中的名词要用单数形式,故选D。
34.C
【详解】
句意:詹姆斯买了4袋胡萝卜。每个袋子里有16个胡萝卜。他用18根胡萝卜做汤。他现在有多少胡萝卜?
考查数字运算。根据文中“buys 4 bags of carrots”和“Each bag has 16 carrots”可知一共买了4袋胡萝卜,每袋16根,共64根胡萝卜。又因为后文中“uses 18 carrots to make soup”可知使用了18根胡萝卜,所以还剩46根胡萝卜。故选C。
35.C
【详解】
句意:请照一张X光片,这对你来讲是有一种有用的方式。
考查不定冠词用法。“get an X-ray”为固定搭配用法,表“照一张X光片”,故第一空填“an”,第二空为泛指,意为“一种有用的方式”,且此处“useful”为辅音发音开头的单词,故用“a”表“一种”。故选C。
36.D
【详解】
句意:我有一个朋友汤姆。他是一个8岁的男孩。
考查冠词辨析和合成形容词。a不定冠词,表示泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词之前;an不定冠词,表示泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词之前。eight以元音音素开头,故其前冠词应用an,故排除A、B项;合成形容词应由连字符把两个或两个以上的词连接起来,作定语修饰名词,故排除C项。故选D。
37.B
【详解】
句意:——你怎么啦?——我喉咙疼。
考查冠词。the那个,表示特指;a一个,修饰辅音音素开头的单词;/是零冠词;an一个,修饰元音音素开头的单词。sore是辅音音素开头的单词,因此用不定冠词a修饰,have a sore throat表示“喉咙疼”,故选B。
38.D
【详解】
句意:米勒十岁时就对足球感兴趣。他非常努力地练习,很快他就组成了这支足球队。
考查冠词辨析。第一空是固定搭配have an interest in sth“对某事感兴趣”,第二空特指“这支足球队”,应填定冠词the,故选D。
39.A
【详解】
句意:我知道这个计划远不是那么完美,但是我就是再想不出来一个更好的了。
考查形容词比较级。结合语境可知下文表示同前文“this plan”的比较,故用形容词的比较级作定语,泛指一个更好的计划,其前用不定冠词a。故选A。
40.B
【详解】
句意:令她惊讶的是,这个小男孩能自己扫地板。
考查形容词性物主代词。she她,主格代词;her她的,形容词性物主代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词;herself她自己。此处考查to one’s surprise使某人惊奇的是,此处需用形容词性的物主代词。故选B。
41.D
【详解】
句意:——昆明真的是一个美丽的城市,有很多名胜古迹。——我完全同意。那为什么不在这里再待两天呢?
考查词汇辨析,other其他的;the other另一个;others其他人;another另一,又一。another+数词+名词复数表示“又……,再……”,another two days“再两天的时间”符合语境,故选D。
42.B
【详解】
句意:我们认为,在我们的日常生活中保护环境是我们的责任。
考查代词用法。we意为“我们”,为主格;it意为“它”;us意为“我们”,为宾格;that意为“那个”。本句中“think”后面的句子为宾语从句,该从句真正的主语为“to protect the environment in our everyday life”,则横线处应填形式主语“it”,It’s our duty to do sth.意为“做某事是我们的责任”。故选B。
43.A
【详解】
句意:我口渴了。你能给我一些可乐吗?
考查不定代词。some“一些”,用于肯定句或者表示请求的疑问句中;any“一些,任何”,用于否定句或者疑问句;little“几乎没有”,表示否定含义;other“其他的”。根据“I am thirsty”可知此处表示想要一些可乐,“Could you give me...”表示请求,所以此空填some,故选A。
44.A
【详解】
句意:不用担心我们。我们有足够的时间照顾自己。
考查反身代词。ourselves我们自己;myself我自己;yourself你自己;themselves他们自己。主语为“we”,所以此处应是ourselves,表示互指关系。故选A。
45.C
【详解】
句意:没人教我英语。我都是自学的。
考查代词辨析。me我,人称代词宾格;you你,你们;myself我自己,反身代词;yourself你自己。此处是by oneself“单独”,主语是I,所以用myself“我自己”。故选C。
46.B
【详解】
句意:——我发现一个人在这么短的时间内完成这么多的工作是困难的。——别担心,我会帮助你的。
考查反身代词。me我,人称代词宾格;myself我自己;herself她自己;yourself你自己。by oneself“独自,单独”,是固定短语。该句主语为“I”,因此这里表示“我自己”,故选B。
47.C
【详解】
句意:当我遇到困难时,我的老师给了我很多关于如何学好英语的建议。
考查名词辨析。advise建议,动词;question问题,名词;advice建议,名词;problem问题,名词。通过“much”可知,空格处应为不可数名词,又通过句意可知,此处要表达“老师给了我许多关于如何学好英语的建议”,advice为不可数名词,表示“建议”,符合语境。故选C。
48.D
【详解】
句意:在生活和学习中我们应学习中国国家女子排球队的精神。
考查名词辨析。decision决定;situation状况;importance重要;spirit精神。根据“China women’s national volleyball team”可知,是学习女排精神,因此“spirit”符合句意。故选D。
49.B
【详解】
句意:这是我自己的房子。我是这个房子的拥有者。
考查形容词和名词。own意为“自己的;本人的”;owner意为“所有者;物主”。结合题干可知第一空表示“我自己的”;the owner of是固定短语,意为“……的所有者”。故选B。
50.C
【详解】
句意:读好书对孩子的成长发展有很好的影响。
考查名词辨析。choice选择;secret秘密;influence影响;introduction介绍。根据句中“Reading great books”及“on the developmentof a child”可知此句想表达的意思应该是“读好书对孩子的成长有好的影响”,have a/an... influence on表示“对……有……影响”最符合语境。故选C。第10讲 语法综合复习一
【学习目标】
1、对于冠词、介词、代词、数词、名词、形容词、副词知识的综合梳理
2、对于中考常考语法点的易错题辨析
3、完成语法专练
【基础知识】
1、本节内容(presentation)
语法综合复习1
一.冠词:
基础常考点:
1. 指定冠词与不定冠词:
a(泛指)——第一次提到,表“一个”
The(特指)——表示特指“这个”,通常指代上文中有所提及的事物或人。
2. 元音发音要用an:
1) 通常以a,e,i,o,u开头的可数名词单数要用an
2) 26个字母里面有些字母单独列出,也需要用an.口诀 “Mr. Line has a fox” 中的字母前都用an,其余都用a
e.g. There is an “m” and a “p” in the word “map”.
3. 球类前不加the,乐器前要加the。
4. the +形容词表一类人。
5. 独一无二事物,形容词最高级,序数词,方位名词前要加the。
6. “the”表特指搭配需注意:
e.g. go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital 去看病人
go to church 做礼拜 go to the church去教堂做特定的某件事
7. 固定搭配需注意:
e.g. go on a diet, make a living, at the same time等。
易错点:
1. 以a, e, i, o, u开头的可数名词单数不用an,要用a:
归纳可得:U开头发 “u” 本音的要用a,e.g. a useful book, a uniform, a university.
U开头不发本音的都用an, e.g. an umbrella, an unusual day
O 在中考唯一特例是one,e.g. a one-day trip
E 在中考唯一特列是European,e.g. a European country.
2. 虽然不以a, e, i, o, u开头,但是仍然要用an:
an honest boy, an hour
3. 职位,称谓前不加the:
e.g. The man, father of Tom, is a good man.
We chose David to be chairman of our country.
4. 汉语拼音前不加the:
e.g. Yangpu Bridge is one of the longest bridges in China.
冠词小测练:
1. Do you know that street is ________ one-way street
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【解析】A空格后one不发原因,属于特例,故选A,此题极易误选成B
2. John is __________ university student. He will be made __________ monitor of his class.
A. an ... the B. a... a C. a... / D. an... the
【解析】C本题第一空后的university发u本音,不是原因开头,故只能用a,第二空monitor班长是职位,前面不能加the,故选C。
3. People in the west generally go to ________ church on Christmas Day.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
【解析】D本题意为西方人通常在圣诞节去教堂做礼拜,固定词组go to church表示做礼拜,加了the就是其他意思了。
二.介词:
基础常考点:
1. 表时间区别:
(l)in, on, at
in常同“上午、下午、晚上、年、月、周、四季、世纪”等连用;
on表示在具体的某一天,或具体到某一天的上午、下午或晚上;
at 一般表示一个时间点,指某一点时间或在……岁时。
(2)after, in
after+表示时间的名词短语,通常和过去时连用,in+表示时间的名词短语,通常和将来时连用。但如果是时间点的话,只能用after。
2. 表示地点的介词
(l)on, in, at
on表示在一个平面的上面,并和这个平面接触;m在空间的内部;at在某个位置点。
(2)above, over
above表示“在上方”,只高于某物,不是正上方,与below相反;over表示“正上方”,与under相反。
(3)between, among
between表示在两者之间,among指在三者或三者以上之间。
(4)through,across
through表示从空间位置的穿过,across表示从表面位置的经过。
(5)in, on, to
in表示在范围之内,on表示两地方相邻或接壤,to表示在范围之外。
3. 表方式介词用法
4. 表方位介词用法
易错点:
1. In front of/ in the front of 区别:
In front of 表示在…前面,in the front of 表示在…的前端
2. besides,except,except for
besides表示除了一部分还有另~部分,表示附加;except表示“从总体中排除一部分”,表示排斥;except for表示整体中的一部分
3. 固定搭配需注意
介词小测练:
1. The landslide (泥石流) in Zhouqu, Gansu happened __________.
A. on August 7, 2010 B. in August 7, 2010
C. in 2010, August 7 D. on August 7, in 2010
【解析】A本题考查的是介词表示时间的用法。2010年8月7日是具体的一天,故只能用on,排除了BC后,D选项中有两个介词,故只能选A
2. Fangfang’s English composition is excellent __________ a few spelling mistakes.
A. except B. except for C. besides D. as well as
【解析】B本句意为芳芳的英语作文很好除了一些拼写错误,拼写错误是英语作文的一部分,故选B。
3. My aunt arrived in Shanghai __________ the evening of October 20th, she wanted to visit the World Expo.
A. on B. in C. to D. at
【解析】A本题也是具体到了10月20日的晚上,故只能选A,千万不能因为in the evening而选B。
三.代词:
基础常考点:
1 反身代词在短语中的用法:
e.g. help oneself to sth. enjoy oneself 等
2. 不定代词both, neither, all, none, either用法区分。
3. 不定代词something, anything, nothing等和形容词的位置关系,必须放在形容词前。
4. little, few, a little, a few, much, many等词用法区分。
5. it, one, that, those表示指代作用时的用法区分。
易错点:
1 other系列用法区别:
another+名词单数 other+名词复数
other+名词=others 不加名词
one the other
○ ○
One another the other
○ ○ ○
Some…others…the others
○○○○○○○○○
2 any, any other转换:
共同点:后面都是加名词单数
不同点:前后不在同一范围内用any,在同一范围内用any other
e.g. Liuxiang runs faster than any athlete in Europe.
Liuxiang runs faster than any other athlete in China.
3 a friend of mine 结构需注意
代词小测练:
1. I can't connect my computer to the Internet. There must be _____ wrong with it.
A. something B. everything C anything D. Nothing
【解析】A本题考查的是不定代词。anything,nothing 一般用于疑问句,否定句,所以首先排除C,D项。然后根据句意我的电脑连不上网,肯定有什么东西出错了,something符合题意。所以应选A。
2.I have two children,and of them are working in the west of China.
A. all B. both C. neither D. Either
【解析】B两个孩子应该考虑both/neither/either,后面动词是are所以用both。
3. Try to guess what's in my __________ hand.
A. the other B. the others C. another D. other
【解析】D本题极易误选为A,手只有两个,很多学生会选择A,但是注意空格前已经有人称代词my,根据语法规则“有代无冠”,故选D。
四.数词:
基础常考点:
hundred, thousand, million等用法:
1)有数字后面不能加s e.g. 3 hundred students
2)前面不能加数字,后面加s和of e.g. hundreds of students
3)前面有限定词about, only, more than 等后面必须跟具体数字 only 3 hundred students
4)表示范围内的多少,可以又有数字又有of e.g. three hundred of the students
易错点:
1. 固定搭配 e.g. in one’s +基数词复数 e.g. in my fifties
2. 序数词与a 连用表示又一,再一 e.g. a second time
数词小测练:
1. There are several __________ people in the park now. It's very crowded.
A. thousands of B. thousand C. thousand of D. thousands
【解析】B 本题空格前被several修饰,相当于被数字所修饰,故只能用数字+hundred用法。选B
2. Over _________ people visited the Shanghai World Expo on Chung Yeung Festival.
A. one million B. one million of C. million of D. millions of
【解析】A 根据选项看,A,D都对,但是空格前被over修饰,后面要跟具体数字,故选A。
五.名词:
基础常考点:
1单复数变化:
1)单复数同体:sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese
2)以o结尾的可数名词,有生命才加es,口诀“英雄爱吃土豆,番茄和芒果,真有意思”
3)前后都需要变复数:two women doctors
2不可数名词前的量词可变复数:two pieces of information.
3不规则名词变化需注意
4 名词的词性变化需积累
易错点:
1. 表示并列名词所有格关系时的区别:
Mary and Tom’s room 表示两个人共同的房间
Mary’s and Tom’s rooms 表示两个人每人一个房间
2. 修饰可数不可数名词区分:
1) a lot of, lots of , plenty of , enough加可数/不可数名词
2) a number of+可数名词+动词复数形式
the number of+可数名词+动词单数形式
3)a large amount of , amounts of , a great deal of 修饰不可数名词
名词小测练:
1. I’ve read ___sports news about the F1 race today.
A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of
【解析】D本题考查的是表示数量的名词的用法。空缺部:分所修饰的词是news而不是sports。
news是一个不可数名词,不能直接用数词来修饰,排除A、C这两项。表达数量的名词作定语时,后面一定要有介词of,所以D项是正确选项。
2. __________ of the students in our class __________ fifty-four.
A. The number...is B. The amount...is
C. The number...are D. A number...are
【解析】由于students是可数名词,故先排除B,因为amount只能修饰不可数名词。A number of后面+可数名词+动词复数形式表示大量的,the number of 后面+可数名词+动词单数形式表示…的数字是多少,故选A。
六.形容词副词:
基础常考点:
1比较级和最高级变化,注意不规则变化
2修饰比较级的词:much, a little, a bit, far, even, still
3原级比较级最高级几个特殊句型:as…….as 用于肯定句/否定句 so…..as 只能用于否定句
4 –ing 表示令人 --ed表示感到
易错点:
1. 感官动词+ adj.
e.g. Keep our classroom clean look sad
2. 常用形容词和副词的辨析, 以ly结尾仍然是形容词:likely, lovely, lonely, lively, friendly
3. 不去e的adj: changeable
去e的adj. truly, argument
4 one of +最高级+名词复数
形容词和副词小测练:
1. The baby feels____ while his mother holds him in her arms.
A. save B. safe C. safely D. safety
【解析】B本题考查了形容词safe做表语成分。其中feel为系动词,其后的表语应用形容词,save是动词,safely是副词safety是名词,所以本题答案是B。
2.Pu dong International Airport is one of________airports in the world.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
【解析】D本题考查了形容词big的最高级形式biggest,所以答案就是在C和D之间。形容词最高级前面要加the来修饰,所以答案是the biggest.
3.The students from Sinkiang enjoy staying in our school because everyone is ______ to them;
A. friendly ' B. gently C. happily D. Politely
【解析】A本题考查了形容词和副词的区别。题目中1S后面要加形容词构成系表结构,观察上面四个选项,只有friendly是形容词,剩下三个都是副词。
【真题演练】
一、单项选择
1.Japan lies ________ the east of Asia and ________ the northeast of China.
A.in; on B.in; to C.to; in D.on; in
2.David doesn’t know how to ride a bike, so he ________ goes to school by bike.
A.never B.always C.usually D.sometimes
3.There are ________ minutes in an hour.
A.sixty B.seventy C.sixteen D.eighty
4.What time is it now
A.half past one B.a quarter to one C.a quarter past one D.five past three
5.The month before April is ________.
A.May B.March C.June D.July
6.—________ 1st is the 100th birthday of CPC(中国共产党).
— Yes, and our most important test is in this month, too.
A.June B.July C.September D.October
7.The fire happened ________ a cold morning but luckily, no one was hurt.
A.at B.on C.in D.for
8.Mum wants to keep healthy. She ________ eats too much meat.
A.often B.never C.always D.usually
9.About two ________ students in our school join the swimming club.
A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred of
10.— How many people are at the old people’s house
— __________. Forty men and fifty women.
A.Sixty B.Seventy C.Eighty D.Ninety
11.Amy is an ________ girl. She is very friendly.
A.8-years-old B.8-year-old C.8-years old D.8-year old
12.The patients (病人) of COVID-19 often have ________ cough and they need to get ________ X-ray.
A.an; a B.a; a C.a; an D.the; a
13.Mr. Li often plays __________ chess with his students after class.
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
14.— Does Ann like playing ________ guitar
— Yes, but his sister likes playing ________ chess.
A.the; / B./; the C.the; the D./; /
15.This is ________ English book. ________ English book is blue.
A.a;The B.an;The C.an;An D.the;The
16.— Do you believe what he said
— Yes. He is ________ honest boy and he always tells ________ truth.
A.a; a B.an; a C.an; the D.the; the
17.You helped to make _________ possible for me to have a pet dog.
A.this B.that C.it D.one
18.—______ you have a good time at the party last night
—Sure, we enjoyed ______.
A.Was; myself B.Was; ourselves C.Did; yourselves D.Did; ourselves
19.We all think ________ is important to protect the environment.
A.this B.that C.one D.it
20.—How many apples do you need
—________, please.
A.Two bags of apples B.Two bags of apple
C.Two bag of apples D.Two bag of apple
【过关检测】
21.I’d like some _______ with _______.
A.tomatoes soup; chicken B.tomato soup; chicken
C.tomato soups; chickens D.tomatoes soups; chickens
22.Lucy and Lily are twins. In some _______, they look _______.
A.way; same B.ways; the same C.roads; same D.road; the same
23.In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in _________ of one’s life.
A.control B.fact C.result D.place
24.— Who ran ________ of all in the sports meeting
—Hector did, I think.
A.fast B.faster C.fastest D.most fast
25.Of all the students in Class Three, Tim runs ________.
A.fast B.faster C.more faster D.the fastest
26.John did badly in the sports meeting. And I did even ________.
A.worst B.bad C.worse D.badly
27.—Does your grandma live
—Yes. But she doesn’t feel because we often go to see her.
A.alone; alone B.lonely; lonely C.lonely; alone D.alone; lonely
28.Bob isn’t as ________ as Jim.
A.brave B.braver C.bravest D.more brave
29.—Jimmy, ________ you study, ________ result you will get.
—I know, Miss Gao.
A.The better; the harder B.the hard; the better
C.The harder; the well D.the harder; the better
30.— Can you finish the work in three days
— I’m afraid not. We need ________ days.
A.two another B.more two C.another two D.the other two
31.Every year, ________ books are given away to the children in poor areas.
A.million B.millions C.millions of D.million of
32.________ of the students in our class like sports, and others like music.
A.Three fifths B.Third fifths C.Three fifth D.Third fifth
33.The teacher told us to write a ________ composition after class.
A.1,000 words long B.1,000 word long
C.1,000-words-long D.1,000-word-long
34.James buys 4 bags of carrots. Each bag has 16 carrots. He uses 18 carrots to make soup. How many carrots does he have now
A.2 B.38 C.46 D.82
35.Please get _________ X-ray. It’s _________ useful way for you.
A.a; a B.an; an C.an; a D.a; an
36.I have a friend Tom. He is ________ boy.
A.a 8-years-old B.a 8-year-old C.an 8 years old D.an 8-year-old
37.—What’s the matter with you
—I have _________ sore throat.
A.the B.a C./ D.an
38.Miller had ________ interest in soccer when he was ten. He practiced it very hard and soon he made ________ soccer team.
A.a, a B.an, an C.the, the D.an, the
39.I know this plan is not perfect, but I just can’t think of ________ one.
A.a better B.the better C.a best D.the best
40.To surprise, the little boy could sweep the floor by himself.
A.she B.her C.hers D.herself
41.—Kunming is really a beautiful city and there are so many places of interest.
—I can’t agreemore. So why not stay here for ________ two days
A.other B.the other C.others D.another
42.We think ________ is our duty to protect the environment in our everyday life.
A.we B.it C.us D.that
43.I am thirsty. Could you give me ________ Coke
A.some B.any C.little D.other
44.Don’t worry about us. We have enough time to look after ________.
A.ourselves B.myself C.yourself D.themselves
45.Nobody taught me English. I learned it all by ________.
A.me B.you C.myself D.yourself
46.— I find it difficult to finish so much work in such a short time by ________.
— Don’t worry. I’ll help you.
A.me B.myself C.herself D.yourself
47.My teacher gave me much on how to study English well when I had some trouble.
A.advise B.question C.advice D.problem
48.We should learn the _________ of the China women’s national volleyball team in our life and study.
A.decision B.situation C.importance D.spirit
49.This is my _________ house. I’m the _________ of the house.
A.owner; owner B.own; owner C.owner; own D.own; own
50.Reading great books has a good ________ on the development of a child.
A.choice B.secret C.influence D.introduction
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