第11讲 语法综合复习二
【学习目标】
1、对于连词、宾语从句、情态动词、动词时态、非谓语、动词词组、情景对话知识的综合梳理
2、对于中考常考语法点的易错题辨析
3、完成语法专练
【基础知识】
1、本节内容（presentation）
语法专综合复习二
一．连词：
基础常考点：
1并列连词
1)并列连词主要有：and，but，or，nor，so，therefore，yet，however，for，as well as，both…and, not only…but also. either…or, neither…nor, then等。
2)高频并列连词的用法：
a．并列句与带状语从句复合句的互相转换：
(1)祈使句+and/or+-般将来时转换为if条件句
Study hard and you will catch up with your classmates.
If you study hard, you will catch up with your classmates.
(2)…but…并列句转换为although/though让步状语从句
It was getting late, but Mr. Smith still worked in the field.
Though it was getting late, Mr Smith didn't stop working in the field.
b．neither和so在倒装句中的使用：当我们要表示与对方观点一致时（赞同或不赞同），常用“neither/so+助动词/be动词十主语”这个结构。上文是肯定句的，用so；上文是否定句的，用neither或nor。助动词的时态与上文句中的时态需要一致；助动词的数与其后面的主语需要一致。
-I didn't use to wash hands before meals. -Nor/Neither did I.
-I was interested in science fiction. -So was I.
-Tom likes watching football games very much.-So do I.
c．or和and
并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句，但有时and也可用于否定句。
There is no air or water on the moon.
There is no air and no water on the moon
在否定中并列结构用or连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作肯定结构，因此用and。
2从属连词
1)常见的从属连词有：after，when，before，as，while，since，once，until, till，although，though, if, even if, unless, because, than, whether, so that, as soon as, as long as, in order that, as if, as though, now that, so that, such that等。
2)高频从属连词的用法。
1．引导时间状语从句的从属连词：
(l)表示“当……时候”或“每当”的时候连词。主要when，while，as，whenever，等；
He jumped up when the phone rang.当电话铃响时他吓了一跳。
(2)表示 “自从”或 “直到”的时间连词。主要有since，until，till等；
Most men worked until/till they're 65.大多数男人工作到65岁。
2．引导条件状语从句的从属连词：
这类连词主要有if，unless, as\so long as，in case等。
If anyone calls, tell them I'm not at home.
要是有人打电话来，就说我不在家。
3．引导目的状语从句的从属连词：
主要有in order that，so that，in case，for fear(that)等。
Speak clearly so that they may understand you.
说清楚，以便让他们能明白你的意思。
4．引导结果状语从句的从属连词：
主要有so that，so that，such that等。
It's so difficult a question that none of us can answer it.
易错点：
就近就远原则：
1. Both…and.，neither…nor.，either…or.是另一组并列连词，分别对两者表示全部肯定、全部否定和局部肯定。Both…and.在并列两个主语时，动词职复数；而其他两个在并列两个主语时，动词却是“就近原则”。
Both he and I:are teachers.（动词用复数）
Either he or I am wrong．（就近原则）
Neither he nor I am a teacher．（就近原则）
2 Not only…but also…和…as well as.这两组也是并列连词，在句中并列两个相同的成分，但侧重点略有不同：
not only…but also.强调的是后者；而…as well as.强调的却是前面部分。
这两个词组也能并列两个主语，但主谓语的一致是不同的。
Not only…but also…并列两个主语时，谓语动词采用的方法是“就近原则”；
而…as well as…并列两个主语的时候，谓语动词是要与其前面的主语取得一致。
Mr. Lee is not only our teacher but also our friend.（老师是职业，朋友才是递进）
Mr. Lee is our friend as well as our teacher;（除了是老师外，还是朋友，侧重点在前面）
Not only Tom but also I am interested in the film.（就近原则，谓语动词与I取得一致）
I as well as Tom am interested in the film.(句中的as well as Tom只是一种补充说明）
注意：使用就近原则的结构有：not only…but also…，either…or…., neither…nor…, there/here be.；
而谓语动词跟前面一个主语（有时也称就远原则）的结构有：A as well as B; A with B;
连词小测练：
1. Not only you but also Tom __________ well.
A. sing B. sings C. singing D. to sing
【解析】B。not only…but also…是就近原则，故由Tom决定动词单复数，选B。
2. Be careful, __________ you will get hurt.
A. so B. or C. but D. and
【解析】B。根据句意“小心，否则你讲会受伤”
二．宾语从句：
基础常考点：
宾语从句三要素：时态，连接词，语序
易错点：
1. Could/Would you tell me... could---委婉语气，不表示过去式
2. 不用换语序：What’s the matter/ What’s going on/ What happened
3. 宾语从句改为简单句：→ 疑问词+ to do 做宾语
宾语从句小测练：
1. He asked me __________.
A. if I can lend him my car B. if can I lend him my car
C. if I could lend him my car D. if could I lend him my car
【解析】C。A错在时态不对，B错在语序和时态，D错在语序
2. Could you tell me ________ tomorrow morning
A. when will the meeting start B. when does the meeting start
C. when the meeting will start D. when the meeting starts
【解析】C。A错在语序，B也错在语序，D错在时态。
三．情态动词：
基础常考点：
1各个情态动词中文之间的区分
2情态动词无人称和时代变化
3 情态动词直接变否定，后面需要跟动词原形
易错点：
Need2种用法区分：
1. 实义动词用法：He needs to finish the work right now.
He doesn’t need to finish the work right now.
He needs food. He doesn’t need food
2. 情态动词用法：He need to finish the work right now.
He needn’t finish the work right now.
情态动词小测练：
1. Tom __________ any help because he can finish the work on time himself.
A. needn’t B. doesn’t need to C. doesn’t need D. needn’t to
【解析】C本题考查情态动词need用法。空格后跟的是any help，是名词。故只能选择need的实义动词用法，故选C
2. Since you are very tired, you __________ finish the work today.
A. don't need B. mustn't C. must D. needn't
【解析】D 本题空格后跟的是动词原形finish，可以用need的情态用法或者实义动词用法，情态动词表达为needn’t do, 实义动词表达为don’t need to do , 故选D
四．动词时态及语态：
基础常考点：
1各个时态的表达形式及信号词
2 被动结构在各个时态中的表达
易错点：
1现在完成时需要注意延续性和短暂性动词变化的情况
2正在进行时的被动语态表达：be being done
3 By引导时间需要注意使用完成时
动词时态以及语态小测练：
1. Shanghai __________ taxi base fare (起步价) from 11 yuan to12 yuan since October, 2009.
A. will raise B. has raised C. had raised D. raised
【解析】B 本题信号词since，故是现完的标志，选B。
2. Alice isn't here. She __________ Nanjing on business. She'll be back in two days.
A. went B. has gone to C. has been to D. is going to
【解析】B 根据句意爱丽丝不再这，她去南京出差，将会两天后回来。说明爱丽丝目前不在这里，表示去了没有回来，故选B。C选项表示去了已经回来了。
五.非谓语：
基础常考点：
1考查不定式做宾语、宾补以及结合特殊疑问词居多
2 变成to do, doing, done形式时的区别
易错点：
1. forget, remember, try, stop等+to do/doing 区别
2. 不定时作定语时的特殊用法：
e.g. I have no pen to write with./There is a chair to sit on.
非谓语动词小测练：
1. Free plastic bags were __________ in all the supermarkets and department stores from June 1st, 2008.
A. Stopped to use B. using to stop C. stop to use D. stopped using
【解析】D 本题考查stop用法。Stop to do 表示停下来去做某事，stop doing表示停止正在做的事情。根据题意从2008年6月1日起，免费的塑料袋将会在所有的超市和商场被停止使用。故选D
2. The serious drought in northern China made many people __________ without proper drinking water.
A. living B. to live C. live D. lived
【解析】C 本题出现动词made，根据搭配make sb. do sth. 故选C。
六.动词词组辨析：
基础常考点：
1spend, cost, take, pay区分
2rise, raise 区分
3lie表示撒谎和躺 lay表示下蛋和放置的过去式/过去分词区分
4hang2个过去式的不同意思
易错点：
动词词组常考搭配的辨析：take off, put off, set off等
动词词组辨析小测练：
1. Tom __________ his coat and went out of the room happily.
A. put off B. put on C. put up D. put in
【解析】B本题考查动词词组辨析。Put off 推迟 put on穿上 put up张贴，举起 故根据题意选B。
2. Don't __________ to chat with your net-pals, or you'll be tired in tomorrow's class.
A. set up B. get up C. stay up D. turn up
【解析】C set up建立 get up起床 stay up 熬夜 turn up调高音量。根据题意不要熬聊天，否则你明天上课会很累，故选C。
七. 情景对话：
基础常考点：
一、感谢的礼貌回答有：
1．That's all right
2．That's OK
3．Not at all
4．You're welcome:
5．Don't mention it
6．It is a pleasure
7．I'm glad you enjoy.等
二、对歉意的礼貌回答有：
1．That's all right
2．It doesn't matter
3．Never mind
4．Forget it
5．That's nothing等
易错点：
1. ----Would you mind my….. 提问标准回答
----Certainly not./ Of course not./ Not at all.(表示根本不介意)
----You’d better not. / I’d rather you didn’t. (表示介意)
2. With pleasure做事前，表示我很乐意为您去做。常用来回答别人的请求
My pleasure / it’s a (my) pleasure. 做事后，这是我的荣幸。常用来回答别人的道谢。
3. That’s right 那是对的
All right 好的
That’s all right 没关系
情景对话小测练：
1. --- Thank you for coming to see me off.
--- __________.
A. I'm fine. B. My pleasure. C. With pleasure D. Nice to see you off.
【解析】B 题意为“谢谢你来送我”应该回答“我的荣幸”，表示做事后，故选B。
2. -- Would you mind my smoking here
-- __________ Look at the sign. It says, "No smoking."
A. Never mind. B. Of course not. C. No, I don't. D. You'd better not.
【解析】D本题极易误选为B。但是根据题意“你介意我在这里抽烟吗？”“你最好不要把，看这个标志是禁烟”
【真题演练】
一、单项选择
1．Rick usually does some reading in the evening, but he ________ sports yesterday evening.
A．plays B．playing C．played D．play
2．You’d better ________ a doctor.
A．see B．to see C．sees D．seeing
3．I can sing, ________ I can’t dance.
A．and B．or C．but D．/
4．Bill is over sixty years old now, ________ he looks very young.
A．because B．so C．for D．but
5．Sandy’s mother tells her ________ with the light on, because it is bad for her health.
A．doesn’t sleep B．not sleep C．not to sleep D．to not sleep
6．—Jane is my new pen pal. I often look forward to ______ her emails.
—You can talk with her on your father’s Wechat (微信).
A．receive B．receives C．receiving D．received
7．My class visited Natural History Museum of China last Sunday and we ________ a lot.
A．learn B．will learn C．learned D．are learning
8．We didn’t go ________ because it ________ heavily.
A．fish; rains B．fish; rained
C．fishing; rained D．fishing; raining
9．Here is your notebook. I ________ it when I went to the teachers’ room.
A．find B．found C．am finding D．will find
10．—Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon
—I’d like to. But I’m afraid I ________. I have too much work to do.
A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．may not
11．You________ worry about it because it’s not your fault.
A．needn’t B．may not C．can’t D．mustn’t
12．It’s surprising that Mr.Ma’s little daughter ________ speak English so well.
A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．can’t
13．—Is that boy Tom
—It ________ be Tom. He has gone to his hometown to visit his grandparents.
A．can B．can’t C．must D．mustn’t
14．—Is that Mr. Zhang over there
—It be him. He is on the plane to Zhaotong now.
A．would B．can’t C．must D．might not
15．I want to invite Joy to my party, but he is taking a trip in Paris now. I wonder ________.
A．what he is doing B．how he went there C．where he has been D．when he will return
16．Jenny bought a new book in the bookstore yesterday, but I wonder ________.
A．who bought it B．what Jenny bought
C．when she will read it D．where Jenny bought it
17．They don’t have a basketball, ________ they have a football.
A．but B．and C．or D．so
18．I’m tired（累的） ______ happy.
A．and B．with C．or D．but
19．This movie theater has comfortable seats ________ it’s always much too crowded.
A．and B．because C．but D．or
20．We should look forward to the future, ________ never forget the past.
A．or B．so C．but D．for
【过关检测】
21．She’s read the sentence some times, ________ still can’t understand it’s meaning.
A．and B．but C．or D．so
22．Tony is only four years old, ______ he draws very well.
A．or B．so C．and D．but
23．— There is going to be an art festival on July 1st.
— Sound great! I can’t help ______ it.
A．hearing B．to see C．seeing D．to hear
24．The cold weather made the bird ________ for the winter.
A．to fly south B．fly south C．flying to south D．fly to south
25．— Is Erie in the next room
— Yes, I heard him ________ loudly when I passed by just now.
A．sing B．to sing C．sang D．singing
26．We don’t know __________ it next. Let’s go and ask Mr Li.
A．what to do B．what will do C．how to do D．how will do
27．This book is very interesting. It is worth ______.
A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading
28．I hurried to the station ______ catch the train.
A．in order that B．in order to C．as if D．so that
29．If you have any questions, please feel free ________ me.
A．ask B．to ask C．asking D．to asking
30．— What are you thinking about, Mr. Wang
— I’m considering __________ back to my hometown next week.
A．go B．going C．to go D．to visit
31．My sister used to _______ bikes to school, but now she is used to _______ to school because she wants to exercise.
A．ride; walk B．ride; walking C．riding; walking D．riding; walk
32．—Can Peter play games with us, Mrs Harking
—Wait a minute. He ________ a shower.
A．is taking B．takes C．took D．was taking
33．We _____ to a movie last Sunday.
A．go B．went C．did D．goes
34．She _____ lunch at home yesterday.
A．doesn’t B．didn’t have C．doesn’t have D．hasn’t
35．The Drum Tower is so nice and I ________ it again next summer holiday.
A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．am visiting
36．—I have been to the moon twice.
—You _________ be joking! It’s impossible.
A．can B．may C．must D．need
37．—I’m sorry I didn’t win the game.
—Well, that’s OK. You ________ win every time.
A．mustn’t B．may not C．can’t D．shouldn’t
38．—Dad, must we wait until the light becomes green
—Yes, I’m afraid we ________. That’s the traffic rule.
A．can B．may C．have to
39．—Is that man under the tree Mr. Green
—No. He ________ be Mr. Green. He has gone to Beijing on business.
A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．can’t
40．—We are not sure ________ we can win the 100-meter relay race.
—I think you’ll win if you try your best.
A．whether B．why C．when D．how
41．—I wonder ___________.
—Someone who can make me a better person.
A．when you often meet your friends
B．how you make your friends happy
C．whom you want to make friends with
D．where you spend weekends with friends
42．—Hi, Alice. I wonder ________.
—I often go swimming in the sports center.
A．where you skate on the weekend B．what you do on the weekend
C．when you exercise in the sports center D．whether you enjoy your weekend
43．Tomorrow is Earth Day. Let’s discuss _________.
A．when shall we give out the leaflets B．what we can do to recycle things
C．how should we save more energy D．whether can we make our city greener
44．—Excuse me, I wonder ________.
—Yes, it’s near the bookstore.
A．what we will do in the holiday B．if there is a lost and found office
C．where the bookstore is D．how we can go to Hong Kong
45．I think I can do _________ I love to do and help others.
A．when B．where C．what D．how
46．Yesterday, Tom asked me ________ go fishing with him this week.
A．whether I can B．whether can I C．whether I could D．whether could I
47．I was full, ________ the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.
A．and B．but C．so D．or
48．—I want to be a teacher when I grow up.
—Work hard, ________ your dream will come true.
A．or B．but C．though D．and
49．—Did you notice what happened outside just now
—No, I didn’t. Because I _______ my clothes at that time.
A．am washing B．was washing C．will wash D．have washed
50．— I heard there would be the COP15(联合国《生物多样性公约》大会) in Kunming. Do you know ________
— Yes, of course. It will be held in October.
A．when the COP15 will be held B．when will the COP15 be held
C．why the COP15 will be held D．why will the COP15 be held
参考答案
1．C
【详解】
句意：瑞克通常晚上会阅读，但是他昨晚做运动了。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语“yesterday evening”，可知此处用一般过去时，故选C。
2．A
【详解】
句意：你最好看医生。
考查had better。see a doctor看医生，根据had better do sth“最好做某事”可知，应该用动词原形，故选A。
3．C
【详解】
句意：我会唱歌，但是我不会跳舞。
考查转折连词。and和，表并列、顺承；or否则；but但是，表转折。根据“I can sing…I can’t dance.”可知，前后两句是转折关系。故选C。
4．D
【详解】
句意：比尔现在六十多岁了，但他看起来很年轻。
考查连词。because因为；so因此；for因为；but但是；空格前后是转折关系，应用but连接，故选D。
5．C
【详解】
句意：桑迪的妈妈告诉她不要开着灯睡觉，因为这对她的健康有害。
考查非谓语动词。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”，故选C。
6．C
【详解】
句意：——简是我的新笔友。我经常盼望收到她的电子邮件。——你可以在你父亲的微信上和她谈话。
考查非谓语动词。look forward to doing sth.意为“盼望做某事”，此处用动名词receiving。故选C。
7．C
【详解】
句意：上周日我们班参观了中国自然历史博物馆，我们学到了很多。
考查动词时态。根据“last Sunday”可知，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选C。
8．C
【详解】
句意：我们没有去钓鱼因为雨下得很大。
考查动词短语和时态。go fishing是动词短语，表示“钓鱼”，排除A、B；由didn’t可知，此句为一般过去时，因此第二空用动词过去式，故选C。
9．B
【详解】
句意：这是你的笔记本。我去老师的房间时发现了它。
考查动词时态。find“发现”；根据“when I went to the teachers’ room”可知，讲述的是过去的事情，主句也用一般过去时，空处用动词过去式。故选B。
10．A
【详解】
句意：——你今天下午想和我一起去游泳吗？——我很乐意，但是恐怕不能。我有太多工作要做了。
考查情态动词。can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；needn’t没必要；may not可能不。根据此处表示拒绝，可知是无法做到，应该用can’t，故选A。
11．A
【详解】
句意：你不必担心，因为这不是你的错。
考查情态动词。needn’t没必要；may not可能不；can’t不可以；mustn’t禁止。根据后文“because it’s not your fault”，可知是没必要担心，故选A。
12．B
【详解】
句意：令人惊讶的是，马先生的小女儿英语能讲得这么好。
考查情态动词。must必须；can可以；mustn’t禁止；can’t不可以。根据语境，可知此处表示一种能力，应该用can，故选B。
13．B
【详解】
句意：——那个男孩是汤姆吗？——不可能是汤姆。他回家乡看望祖父母去了。
考查情态动词。can可能；can’t不可能；must肯定；mustn’t禁止。根据后文“He has gone to his hometown to visit his grandparents”，可知对方未回来，此处表否定推测，应该用can’t。故选B。
14．B
【详解】
句意：——那边的那位是张先生吗？——一定不是他，他现在在飞往昭通的飞机上。
考查情态动词。would将会；can’t一定不；must必须，一定；might not可能不。根据“He is on the plane to Zhaotong now”可知，他现在在飞往昭通的飞机上，所以一定不是他，故选B。
15．D
【详解】
句意：我想邀请乔伊参加我的聚会，但他现在正在巴黎旅行。我想知道他什么时候回来。
考查宾语从句。what he is doing他正在做什么；how he went there他怎么达到那里的；where he has been他去了哪里；when he will return他什么时候回来。根据上文“I want to invite Joy to my party”可知，故此处指的是想知道他什么时候回来。故选D。
16．C
【详解】
句意：珍妮昨天在书店买了一本新书，但是我想知道她什么时候会读它。
考查宾语从句。who bought it谁买的；what Jenny bought珍妮买了什么；when she will read it她什么时候读它；where Jenny bought it珍妮在哪买的。根据前半句描述的是“珍妮昨天在书店买的新书”可知，选项A、B、D都已经提及了；由“I wonder”可知，想知道的应该是没有提及的内容。故选C。
17．A
【详解】
句意：他们没有篮球，但是他们有足球。
考查连词辨析。but但是；and和；or或者；so因此。“They don’t have a basketball”与“they have a football”是转折关系，故选A。
18．D
【详解】
句意：我很累但是很开心。
考查并列连词辨析。and和；with和……一起；or或者；but但是；空格前后tired与happy之间是转折关系，应用but连接，故选D。
19．C
【详解】
句意：这家电影院有舒适的座位，但总是太拥挤了。
考查连词辨析。and和；because因为；but但是；or否则。根据“This movie theater has comfortable seats”和“it’s always much too crowded.”可知，这家电影院虽然有舒服的座位，但是太拥挤；此处介绍电影院的优缺点，前后两句形成转折，故用but连接。故选C。
20．C
【详解】
句意：我们应该展望未来，但永远不要忘记过去。
考查并列连词。or或者；so因此；but但是；for因为；空格前后是转折关系，应用but连接，故选C。
21．B
【详解】
句意：这个句子她读了几遍，但还是不明白它的意思。
考查连词辨析。and和；but但是；or否则；so所以。根据“She’s read the sentence some times”和“can’t understand it’s meaning.”关系可知，前后是转折关系，她读了几遍，但还是不明白它的意思。故选B。
22．D
【详解】
句意：托尼只有四岁，但他画画很好。
考查连词辨析。or或者；so因此；and和；but但是。根据句意可知，空前空后之间是转折关系，用连词but连接。故选D。
23．C
【详解】
句意：——7月1日将有一个艺术节。——听起来很棒！我忍不住要看。
考查can’t help的用法。固定短语can’t help doing sth.“情不自禁做某事”，再根据“There is going to be an art festival”可知是忍不住要去看，故选C。
24．B
【详解】
句意：寒冷的天气使鸟儿飞往南方过冬。
考查make的用法。固定短语make sb./sth. do sth.“使某人或某物做某事”，故选B。
25．D
【详解】
句意：——伊利在隔壁房间吗？——是的，我刚才路过的时候听到他声音很大。
考查hear的用法。根据“when I passed by just now”可知，我刚才经过的时候，听见他正在做某事，应该使用“hear sb. doing”“听见某人正在做某事”。故选D。
26．C
【详解】
句意：我们不知道下一步该怎么做。让我们去问问李先生。
考查固定结构。分析句子结构可知，设空处作know的宾语，英语中常用“疑问词+ to do”的形式作宾语，先排除BD两项（句子结构都不完整）；空后it作动词宾语，和选项A的what重复，可排除；how问方式，作状语，故选C。
27．D
【详解】
句意：这本书很有趣。它值得一读。
考查非谓语动词。be worth doing值得做。故选D。
28．B
【详解】
句意：我匆匆赶到车站为了赶上火车。
考查动词不定式。in order that为了，后跟句子；in order to为了，后跟动词原形；so that以便；as if 似乎。根据“I hurried to the station ... catch the train.”可知，此处指我匆匆赶到车站为了赶上火车，空后为动词原形catch，使用in order to。故选B。
29．B
【详解】
句意：如果你有任何问题，请随时问我。
考查非谓语动词。feel free to do sth表示“随便做某事”，空处应用动词不定式。故选B。
30．B
【详解】
句意：——王先生，你正在想什么？——我正在考虑下周回到故乡。
考查非谓语动词。go“去”，visit“参观”，consider doing sth“考虑做某事”，故选B。
31．B
【详解】
句意：我妹妹过去骑自行车上学，但现在她习惯步行上学，因为她想锻炼身体。
考查非谓语动词。used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，所以第一空使用ride；be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”，所以第二空使用walking。故选B。
32．A
【详解】
句意：——霍金夫人，彼得可以和我们一起玩游戏吗？ ——等一会儿。他正在洗澡。
考查现在进行时的用法。根据“Wait a minute.”可知，彼得现在正在洗澡，强调动作正在进行，所以时态应该用现在进行时。故选A。
33．B
【详解】
句意：上星期天我们去看电影了。
考查动词辨析和动词时态。go去；do做、干。“去看电影”为go to a movie，固定短语；根据时间状语“last Sunday”可知，句子是一般过去时，动词应用过去式went。故选B。
34．B
【详解】
句意：她昨天没有在家吃午饭。
考查动词时态和否定句。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，句子应是一般过去时；否定句的助动词应用didn’t，动词恢复原形have。故选B。
35．C
【详解】
句意：鼓楼很好，明年暑假我还会去的。
考查动词时态。根据“next summer holiday”可知，句子应该是一般将来时，其构成是will do，故选C。
36．C
【详解】
句意：——我去过月球两次。——你一定是在开玩笑！那是不可能的。
考查情态动词辨析。can能/会；may可能；must必须/一定；need需要。根据下文“It’s impossible”可知是说对方一定在开玩笑；用must表有把握的推测，故选C。
37．C
【详解】
句意：——很遗憾我没能赢得这场比赛。——好吧，没关系。你不可能每次都赢。
考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止；may not 可能不；can’t不可能；shouldn’t不应该。根据“You… win every time”可知，此处表示不可能每次赢，故选C。
38．C
【详解】
句意：——爸爸，我们必须等到绿灯吗？——是的，恐怕我们不得不那样。那是交通规则。
考查情态动词。can能够；may可能；have to不得不。根据“must we wait until the light becomes green”以及“That’s the traffic rule”可知，遵守交通规则是我们不得不做的事情，故选C。
39．D
【详解】
句意：——树下的那个人是格林先生吗？——不。不可能是格林先生。他出差去北京了。
考查动词辨析。must必须；can可能；mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能。根据“He has gone to Beijing on business.”可知，格林先生出差去北京了，所以不可能是他，故选D。
40．A
【详解】
句意：——我们不确定是否能赢得100米接力赛。——我想如果你尽力的话，你会赢的。
考查宾语从句。whether是否；why为什么；when什么时候；how怎样。根据答语“I think you’ll win if you try your best”可知，我们不确定是否能赢得100米接力赛，该句是宾语从句，空格处缺少一个引导词，则应用whether。故选A。
41．C
【详解】
句意：——我想知道你想和谁交朋友？——能使我成为更好的人的人。
考查宾语从句。根据答句的“Someone who can make me a better person”可知，问句应该是在询问人，故选C。
42．B
【详解】
句意： ——嗨，爱丽丝，我想知道你周末干什么。——我经常去体育中心游泳。
考查宾语从句。where you skate on the weekend你周末在哪里滑冰；what you do on the weekend你周末干什么；when you exercise in the sports center你什么时候在体育中心锻炼；你是否喜欢你的周末。根据答语可知，应是询问对方周末干什么。故选B。
43．B
【详解】
句意：明天是地球日。我们来讨论一下我们做什么来回收这些东西。
考查宾语从句。when shall we give out the leaflets疑问语序；what we can do to recycle things陈述语序；how should we save more energy疑问语序；whether can we make our city greener疑问语序。根据句意可知，空处是宾语从句，应用陈述语序。故选B。
44．B
【详解】
句意：——打扰一下，我想知道是否有一个失物招领处。——是的，它在书店附近。
考查宾语从句。根据答句“Yes”可知，宾语从句的引导词只能用if或whether，表示“是否”，B选项符合语境，故选B。
45．C
【详解】
句意：我认为我可以做我喜欢做的事，帮助别人。
考查宾语从句的引导词。when何时；where何地；what什么；how怎样。此空作动词do的宾语，故用what引导宾语从句，故选C。
46．C
【详解】
句意：昨天，汤姆问我这个星期是否可以和他一起去钓鱼。
考查宾语从句。根据“宾语从句要用陈述句语序”的原则可知，引导词“whether”后接陈述句语序，即主谓结构，排除B/D选项；根据“Yesterday”及“asked”可知，主句是过去时，从句要用过去的时态，排除A选项，故选C。
47．B
【详解】
句意：我吃饱了，但冰淇淋看起来太好吃了，我忍不住要尝一尝。
考查连词辨析。and而且，表示并列；but但是，表示转折；so所以，表示因果；or或者，表示选择。根据“I was full,”以及“the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.”可知前后句之间表达的是转折关系，因此应用but连接，故选B。
48．D
【详解】
句意：——我长大后想要成为一名教师。 ——努力工作，你的梦想将会实现。
考查连词辨析。or或者，否则；but但是；though虽然；and和。根据 “work hard”和 “your dream will come true”可知前后两个句子是顺承关系，用and，此处构成结构：祈使句，and+陈述句。故选D。
49．B
【详解】
句意：——你注意到刚才外面发生的事了吗？——不，我没有。因为当时我正在洗衣服。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语at that time可知，此处用过去进行时，其结构是was/were doing的形式，主语是I，be动词用was，wash“洗”，是动词，故选B。
50．A
【详解】
句意：—— 我听说联合国《生物多样性公约》大会将在昆明召开。你知道第15届联合国《生物多样性公约》大会将于何时举行吗？—— 是的，当然。会议将于10月举行。
考查宾语从句。根据“It will be held in October”可知，是询问何时举行；再者根据宾语从句的语序可知，需要用陈述语气，结合选项，“when the COP15 will be held”符合句意。故选A。第11讲 语法综合复习二
【学习目标】
1、对于连词、宾语从句、情态动词、动词时态、非谓语、动词词组、情景对话知识的综合梳理
2、对于中考常考语法点的易错题辨析
3、完成语法专练
【基础知识】
1、本节内容（presentation）
语法专综合复习二
一．连词：
基础常考点：
1并列连词
1)并列连词主要有：and，but，or，nor，so，therefore，yet，however，for，as well as，both…and, not only…but also. either…or, neither…nor, then等。
2)高频并列连词的用法：
a．并列句与带状语从句复合句的互相转换：
(1)祈使句+and/or+-般将来时转换为if条件句
Study hard and you will catch up with your classmates.
If you study hard, you will catch up with your classmates.
(2)…but…并列句转换为although/though让步状语从句
It was getting late, but Mr. Smith still worked in the field.
Though it was getting late, Mr Smith didn't stop working in the field.
b．neither和so在倒装句中的使用：当我们要表示与对方观点一致时（赞同或不赞同），常用“neither/so+助动词/be动词十主语”这个结构。上文是肯定句的，用so；上文是否定句的，用neither或nor。助动词的时态与上文句中的时态需要一致；助动词的数与其后面的主语需要一致。
-I didn't use to wash hands before meals. -Nor/Neither did I.
-I was interested in science fiction. -So was I.
-Tom likes watching football games very much.-So do I.
c．or和and
并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句，但有时and也可用于否定句。
There is no air or water on the moon.
There is no air and no water on the moon
在否定中并列结构用or连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作肯定结构，因此用and。
2从属连词
1)常见的从属连词有：after，when，before，as，while，since，once，until, till，although，though, if, even if, unless, because, than, whether, so that, as soon as, as long as, in order that, as if, as though, now that, so that, such that等。
2)高频从属连词的用法。
1．引导时间状语从句的从属连词：
(l)表示“当……时候”或“每当”的时候连词。主要when，while，as，whenever，等；
He jumped up when the phone rang.当电话铃响时他吓了一跳。
(2)表示 “自从”或 “直到”的时间连词。主要有since，until，till等；
Most men worked until/till they're 65.大多数男人工作到65岁。
2．引导条件状语从句的从属连词：
这类连词主要有if，unless, as\so long as，in case等。
If anyone calls, tell them I'm not at home.
要是有人打电话来，就说我不在家。
3．引导目的状语从句的从属连词：
主要有in order that，so that，in case，for fear(that)等。
Speak clearly so that they may understand you.
说清楚，以便让他们能明白你的意思。
4．引导结果状语从句的从属连词：
主要有so that，so that，such that等。
It's so difficult a question that none of us can answer it.
易错点：
就近就远原则：
1. Both…and.，neither…nor.，either…or.是另一组并列连词，分别对两者表示全部肯定、全部否定和局部肯定。Both…and.在并列两个主语时，动词职复数；而其他两个在并列两个主语时，动词却是“就近原则”。
Both he and I:are teachers.（动词用复数）
Either he or I am wrong．（就近原则）
Neither he nor I am a teacher．（就近原则）
2 Not only…but also…和…as well as.这两组也是并列连词，在句中并列两个相同的成分，但侧重点略有不同：
not only…but also.强调的是后者；而…as well as.强调的却是前面部分。
这两个词组也能并列两个主语，但主谓语的一致是不同的。
Not only…but also…并列两个主语时，谓语动词采用的方法是“就近原则”；
而…as well as…并列两个主语的时候，谓语动词是要与其前面的主语取得一致。
Mr. Lee is not only our teacher but also our friend.（老师是职业，朋友才是递进）
Mr. Lee is our friend as well as our teacher;（除了是老师外，还是朋友，侧重点在前面）
Not only Tom but also I am interested in the film.（就近原则，谓语动词与I取得一致）
I as well as Tom am interested in the film.(句中的as well as Tom只是一种补充说明）
注意：使用就近原则的结构有：not only…but also…，either…or…., neither…nor…, there/here be.；
而谓语动词跟前面一个主语（有时也称就远原则）的结构有：A as well as B; A with B;
连词小测练：
1. Not only you but also Tom __________ well.
A. sing B. sings C. singing D. to sing
2. Be careful, __________ you will get hurt.
A. so B. or C. but D. and
二．宾语从句：
基础常考点：
宾语从句三要素：时态，连接词，语序
易错点：
1. Could/Would you tell me... could---委婉语气，不表示过去式
2. 不用换语序：What’s the matter/ What’s going on/ What happened
3. 宾语从句改为简单句：→ 疑问词+ to do 做宾语
宾语从句小测练：
1. He asked me __________.
A. if I can lend him my car B. if can I lend him my car
C. if I could lend him my car D. if could I lend him my car
2. Could you tell me ________ tomorrow morning
A. when will the meeting start B. when does the meeting start
C. when the meeting will start D. when the meeting starts
三．情态动词：
基础常考点：
1各个情态动词中文之间的区分
2情态动词无人称和时代变化
3 情态动词直接变否定，后面需要跟动词原形
易错点：
Need2种用法区分：
1. 实义动词用法：He needs to finish the work right now.
He doesn’t need to finish the work right now.
He needs food. He doesn’t need food
2. 情态动词用法：He need to finish the work right now.
He needn’t finish the work right now.
情态动词小测练：
1. Tom __________ any help because he can finish the work on time himself.
A. needn’t B. doesn’t need to C. doesn’t need D. needn’t to
2. Since you are very tired, you __________ finish the work today.
A. don't need B. mustn't C. must D. needn't
四．动词时态及语态：
基础常考点：
1各个时态的表达形式及信号词
2 被动结构在各个时态中的表达
易错点：
1现在完成时需要注意延续性和短暂性动词变化的情况
2正在进行时的被动语态表达：be being done
3 By引导时间需要注意使用完成时
动词时态以及语态小测练：
1. Shanghai __________ taxi base fare (起步价) from 11 yuan to12 yuan since October, 2009.
A. will raise B. has raised C. had raised D. raised
2. Alice isn't here. She __________ Nanjing on business. She'll be back in two days.
A. went B. has gone to C. has been to D. is going to
五.非谓语：
基础常考点：
1考查不定式做宾语、宾补以及结合特殊疑问词居多
2 变成to do, doing, done形式时的区别
易错点：
1. forget, remember, try, stop等+to do/doing 区别
2. 不定时作定语时的特殊用法：
e.g. I have no pen to write with./There is a chair to sit on.
非谓语动词小测练：
1. Free plastic bags were __________ in all the supermarkets and department stores from June 1st, 2008.
A. Stopped to use B. using to stop C. stop to use D. stopped using
2. The serious drought in northern China made many people __________ without proper drinking water.
A. living B. to live C. live D. lived
六.动词词组辨析：
基础常考点：
1spend, cost, take, pay区分
2rise, raise 区分
3lie表示撒谎和躺 lay表示下蛋和放置的过去式/过去分词区分
4hang2个过去式的不同意思
易错点：
动词词组常考搭配的辨析：take off, put off, set off等
动词词组辨析小测练：
1. Tom __________ his coat and went out of the room happily.
A. put off B. put on C. put up D. put in
2. Don't __________ to chat with your net-pals, or you'll be tired in tomorrow's class.
A. set up B. get up C. stay up D. turn up
七. 情景对话：
基础常考点：
一、感谢的礼貌回答有：
1．That's all right
2．That's OK
3．Not at all
4．You're welcome:
5．Don't mention it
6．It is a pleasure
7．I'm glad you enjoy.等
二、对歉意的礼貌回答有：
1．That's all right
2．It doesn't matter
3．Never mind
4．Forget it
5．That's nothing等
易错点：
1. ----Would you mind my….. 提问标准回答
----Certainly not./ Of course not./ Not at all.(表示根本不介意)
----You’d better not. / I’d rather you didn’t. (表示介意)
2. With pleasure做事前，表示我很乐意为您去做。常用来回答别人的请求
My pleasure / it’s a (my) pleasure. 做事后，这是我的荣幸。常用来回答别人的道谢。
3. That’s right 那是对的
All right 好的
That’s all right 没关系
情景对话小测练：
1. --- Thank you for coming to see me off.
--- __________.
A. I'm fine. B. My pleasure. C. With pleasure D. Nice to see you off.
2. -- Would you mind my smoking here
-- __________ Look at the sign. It says, "No smoking."
A. Never mind. B. Of course not. C. No, I don't. D. You'd better not.
【真题演练】
一、单项选择
1．Rick usually does some reading in the evening, but he ________ sports yesterday evening.
A．plays B．playing C．played D．play
2．You’d better ________ a doctor.
A．see B．to see C．sees D．seeing
3．I can sing, ________ I can’t dance.
A．and B．or C．but D．/
4．Bill is over sixty years old now, ________ he looks very young.
A．because B．so C．for D．but
5．Sandy’s mother tells her ________ with the light on, because it is bad for her health.
A．doesn’t sleep B．not sleep C．not to sleep D．to not sleep
6．—Jane is my new pen pal. I often look forward to ______ her emails.
—You can talk with her on your father’s Wechat (微信).
A．receive B．receives C．receiving D．received
7．My class visited Natural History Museum of China last Sunday and we ________ a lot.
A．learn B．will learn C．learned D．are learning
8．We didn’t go ________ because it ________ heavily.
A．fish; rains B．fish; rained
C．fishing; rained D．fishing; raining
9．Here is your notebook. I ________ it when I went to the teachers’ room.
A．find B．found C．am finding D．will find
10．—Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon
—I’d like to. But I’m afraid I ________. I have too much work to do.
A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．may not
11．You________ worry about it because it’s not your fault.
A．needn’t B．may not C．can’t D．mustn’t
12．It’s surprising that Mr.Ma’s little daughter ________ speak English so well.
A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．can’t
13．—Is that boy Tom
—It ________ be Tom. He has gone to his hometown to visit his grandparents.
A．can B．can’t C．must D．mustn’t
14．—Is that Mr. Zhang over there
—It be him. He is on the plane to Zhaotong now.
A．would B．can’t C．must D．might not
15．I want to invite Joy to my party, but he is taking a trip in Paris now. I wonder ________.
A．what he is doing B．how he went there C．where he has been D．when he will return
16．Jenny bought a new book in the bookstore yesterday, but I wonder ________.
A．who bought it B．what Jenny bought
C．when she will read it D．where Jenny bought it
17．They don’t have a basketball, ________ they have a football.
A．but B．and C．or D．so
18．I’m tired（累的） ______ happy.
A．and B．with C．or D．but
19．This movie theater has comfortable seats ________ it’s always much too crowded.
A．and B．because C．but D．or
20．We should look forward to the future, ________ never forget the past.
A．or B．so C．but D．for
【过关检测】
21．She’s read the sentence some times, ________ still can’t understand it’s meaning.
A．and B．but C．or D．so
22．Tony is only four years old, ______ he draws very well.
A．or B．so C．and D．but
23．— There is going to be an art festival on July 1st.
— Sound great! I can’t help ______ it.
A．hearing B．to see C．seeing D．to hear
24．The cold weather made the bird ________ for the winter.
A．to fly south B．fly south C．flying to south D．fly to south
25．— Is Erie in the next room
— Yes, I heard him ________ loudly when I passed by just now.
A．sing B．to sing C．sang D．singing
26．We don’t know __________ it next. Let’s go and ask Mr Li.
A．what to do B．what will do C．how to do D．how will do
27．This book is very interesting. It is worth ______.
A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading
28．I hurried to the station ______ catch the train.
A．in order that B．in order to C．as if D．so that
29．If you have any questions, please feel free ________ me.
A．ask B．to ask C．asking D．to asking
30．— What are you thinking about, Mr. Wang
— I’m considering __________ back to my hometown next week.
A．go B．going C．to go D．to visit
31．My sister used to _______ bikes to school, but now she is used to _______ to school because she wants to exercise.
A．ride; walk B．ride; walking C．riding; walking D．riding; walk
32．—Can Peter play games with us, Mrs Harking
—Wait a minute. He ________ a shower.
A．is taking B．takes C．took D．was taking
33．We _____ to a movie last Sunday.
A．go B．went C．did D．goes
34．She _____ lunch at home yesterday.
A．doesn’t B．didn’t have C．doesn’t have D．hasn’t
35．The Drum Tower is so nice and I ________ it again next summer holiday.
A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．am visiting
36．—I have been to the moon twice.
—You _________ be joking! It’s impossible.
A．can B．may C．must D．need
37．—I’m sorry I didn’t win the game.
—Well, that’s OK. You ________ win every time.
A．mustn’t B．may not C．can’t D．shouldn’t
38．—Dad, must we wait until the light becomes green
—Yes, I’m afraid we ________. That’s the traffic rule.
A．can B．may C．have to
39．—Is that man under the tree Mr. Green
—No. He ________ be Mr. Green. He has gone to Beijing on business.
A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．can’t
40．—We are not sure ________ we can win the 100-meter relay race.
—I think you’ll win if you try your best.
A．whether B．why C．when D．how
41．—I wonder ___________.
—Someone who can make me a better person.
A．when you often meet your friends
B．how you make your friends happy
C．whom you want to make friends with
D．where you spend weekends with friends
42．—Hi, Alice. I wonder ________.
—I often go swimming in the sports center.
A．where you skate on the weekend B．what you do on the weekend
C．when you exercise in the sports center D．whether you enjoy your weekend
43．Tomorrow is Earth Day. Let’s discuss _________.
A．when shall we give out the leaflets B．what we can do to recycle things
C．how should we save more energy D．whether can we make our city greener
44．—Excuse me, I wonder ________.
—Yes, it’s near the bookstore.
A．what we will do in the holiday B．if there is a lost and found office
C．where the bookstore is D．how we can go to Hong Kong
45．I think I can do _________ I love to do and help others.
A．when B．where C．what D．how
46．Yesterday, Tom asked me ________ go fishing with him this week.
A．whether I can B．whether can I C．whether I could D．whether could I
47．I was full, ________ the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.
A．and B．but C．so D．or
48．—I want to be a teacher when I grow up.
—Work hard, ________ your dream will come true.
A．or B．but C．though D．and
49．—Did you notice what happened outside just now
—No, I didn’t. Because I _______ my clothes at that time.
A．am washing B．was washing C．will wash D．have washed
50．— I heard there would be the COP15(联合国《生物多样性公约》大会) in Kunming. Do you know ________
— Yes, of course. It will be held in October.
A．when the COP15 will be held B．when will the COP15 be held
C．why the COP15 will be held D．why will the COP15 be held
