第13讲 写作技巧及专练20篇
【学习目标】
1、掌握上海中考写作常考类型
2、掌握中考写作必要的解题技巧
3、完成精选的20篇专项训练
【基础知识】
写作思路培养
一、专题知识梳理
中考英语写作评分标准：
作文评价基本要求
内容（8分） 内容切题、充实、不写废话；意思连贯，表达清楚、准确、完整
语法（8分） 语言基本正确；用语规范、无或少见语法错误；拼写、大小写和标点正确
结构（4分） 词汇和句式句型运用恰当自如；文中有值得肯定的好句型和表达形式
（每次考试可能按照对扣分情况做微调，但总体8+8+4原则不变）
实际评分标准：
1.Globalscoring整体评分：
很多老师其实不是每个部分分项评分，很多情况下，阅读完第一句第二句在脑海里给出一个大致的该学生的起评点，12+，15+，10+，所以首句很重要，首句以及后面的一句会对该起评点多少有一定作用。
2.字数问题：
80-90最佳，105以上啰嗦影响评分，60字以下直接扣内容分3-4分。中考写作要把握“止损”原则，不要一味地多写。首先中考试卷部分大致格子加上利用空隙最大程度只能完成115字左右，从来也没有老师因为你多写而给你额外分数，在完成写作后，多写只能增加“失误”“错误”的可能性。
3.要点问题：
根据要求如果以下要点仅供参考，不包括不会直接扣分，不要受到要点干扰。但实际情况中，不包括任何一条得高分非常少。所谓Guided Writing提示，是给学生扩展思路的。
4.特殊案例：
白卷0分，与本文无任何关系的作文6分为最高分。
5.总体印象分是一把双刃剑。
不能为了写总体印象分，用所谓难词，结果发生语法错误，扣语言分，还要扣总体印象分。何为总体印象分？就是有气势，有腔调，适合中学老师口味，不能高于他们的认知标准。
10年前 When I was five, I listened to radio.
5年前 Try to do sth. stop doing
现在的形势 I am a boy who is keen on music
Do all the possible means to do sth.
Certainly, I will…
For the reason that…
Only by ….can we …
I am deeply convinced that
Take up painting
6.一模二模考试写作满分情况比较少，一般一模二模会比中考真题批分相对严格。
评卷流程：
电脑阅卷
2人一组，组长台上监控。两人分值不能相差太大4分（仅供参考），超过额定分值退回重新批改（仅供参考）。
阅卷速度
其实阅卷者每天有一定的阅卷量，真正停留在每个考生的阅卷时间其实还是有限的，但一定是充足的。
教师每天在完成大量阅卷工作后，也会有一定的审美疲劳，所以首句一定要出彩。（供参考）
教师实际阅卷重点：
1、首句：首句出错，印象非常糟糕
2、连接词/逻辑
3、末句
4、内容/例子
5、模版使用/套题
二、专题精讲
1. 中考英语写作无论是记叙文还是应用文，在具体写作过程中我们不妨按如下顺序进行。
1）确定写作中心。根据中心，能够扩展的材料有哪些。要避免写那些与中心内容无关紧要的细节
2）围绕中心，列出写作提纲。提纲一定要包含所提供的情景要点，同时要尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇与句型。
3）根据字数多少，扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题，千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。
扩展时要注意短文的字数，要写够80~100个英语词，以避免由于字数不够引起的扣分。
2. 中考英语英语作文主要侧重灵活、实用性和多样性，主要有以下几种形式。
1）以图画提供情景的作文应以“看”为主，通过细心观察图中的人物、景物、文字、数字等，弄清写作的意图，通过分析思考把握逻辑联系，找出主题并借助所给的文字，把图中的信息转化成文章。
2）以图表提供情景的作文要以“读”为主，首先要读懂图表中的数据、时间、编码以及相互间的变化关系，对所给的信息加以分析、推断、筛癣概括。
3）以提纲提供情景的作文。要注意遣词造句的灵活性和语法规则的正确性，就不会造成审题不清而偏离主题，但要注意，文章必须覆盖所提供的各个提纲的要点。
三、例题讲解
例1： Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic “How to find happiness”. ( 以“How to find happiness”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
（ 注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。）
Use the following points as a guide. (短文必须包含以下要点)
What’s your view on happiness
Do you agree with the saying, “Money is happiness.” ( give two reasons )
How do our students find happiness in our study and life？
中文提纲：
1. Beginning：你认为开心是什么
开心对我们来说很重要
2. Main body 说明观点：认同金钱就等于开心吗？
3. Ending 我们要保持开心
英文提纲：
1. Beginning：it is widely accepted that...plays an important part in our life
2. Main body：
3. Ending: Believe it or not, if you try to find happiness, happiness will be always around you.
批注：让学生先用中文说下大致思路，然后列在纸上。再把中文翻译成英语，翻译时用尽一切好词好句。然后就能成形为一篇英语提纲。最后把英语提纲进行拼接，一篇好文章就出炉啦。
整理后范文：
It is widely accepted that happiness plays an important part in our daily life. It's everywhere if you try to find the beauty around you. There is a saying "Money is happiness" among many people, but I don't think so. First, happiness can't be bought with money. Secondly, a poor person who gets lots of love is always happy. Although I don't have much money, I still have a happy life because I have parents who always take care of me, friends who always help me and teachers who always encourage me. It's fun to play with friends. It's cheerful to make progress and get good marks. It's happy to help others. Believe it or not, if you try to find happiness, happiness will be always around you.
例2： Suppose your class is running for new monitor, you take part in this campaign and want to succeed. Please write an article to let more students support you. Write a passage of at least 60 words ( 假设你们班竞选班长，你参加了本次竞选并且希望成功，现在请写一封竞选信，让更多的学生支持你，不少于60个词，标点符号不占格。)
（ 注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。）
Use the following points as a guide. (短文必须包含以下要点)
Why can you be qualified as monitor
What can you do for the class (give at least two examples)
批注：此部分只需要列提纲，让学生通过练习更加清楚提纲是怎样练成的
3 Ending:
Hope that you can vote for me, and I’m sure to live up to your expectations.
四、写作具体思路方法
1．话题整合：
旅游（个人兴趣类） my hobby/a trip with my family/my plan/My weekend
学习类（最好的学习方法）study brings me happiness/The most boring subject
科技环保类（水资源保护）computer have changed my life/water resource
个人经历类（考试失败/最难忘的事情/毕业感言/我和她）friends /the first time I failed
感恩，抒情类（未来２个月打算/毕业话语）My dream
2.合理正确使用模版：
一个模板原创者使用超高分；
一个模板十几个人使用高分；
一个模板几百个人使用平庸；
批注：阅卷教师不会因为使用模版直接扣分，但是如果模版句子很流畅，非模版句子很差，老师就可以以句子逻辑链接问题扣分
3.关注高分范文的共性:
用词多样性： An increasing number of students…
避免单一句型： Ｉam Tony. I am a boy. I am sixteen…
连接词，逻辑清晰： For instance, therefore, besides…
亮点句型： never fail to，there’s no doubt that…
4.一定要真正学会使用语法，避免输出时出错:
There are many things I hate to do, such as: reading boring books go to bed early and so on. I hate to read boring books because I think it spend me much time, so I don’t like to read them. I hate to go to bed early because I want to watch more TV, I want play more computer games.
5.语料库的事先储备:
Travelling can broaden my horizon, cultivate my interest, can enrich my life.
I would like to extend my deepest appreciation towards those who ……
In order to improve my English, I read English newspapers, watch CCTV English channel and listen to some English songs. Some steps should be taken ….
五、学法提炼
（一）写作步骤：
1.审题目：要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。
在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。
2.圈要点：防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。
3.列提纲：为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。
4.定基调：定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。
5.写全文
（二）知识收获
1．清楚知道作文评分要求和规则。
2. 学会在作文完成后进行“五查”：查主题，查语法，查标点，查表达，查拼写。
（三） 方法总结
1. 掌握写作基本步骤：审题目，圈要点，写全文，定基调，列提纲，写全文。
2. 了解写作的难点，避免失分。
要合理正确使用模版，用词多样性，避免单一句型，连接词，逻辑清晰，有亮点句型。
（四）技巧提炼
1. 学会利用列出提纲来帮助优化作文。首先，列出中文提纲，然后通过用词用句进行翻译，使其成为一片英文提纲，再通过加入连词，首尾句组合成一篇中考作文。
2. 在完成一篇文章后，需要进行检查，避免语法错误。
常用开头/结尾方式
开头
1. “开门见山”式开头
一般来说，文章的开头应尽量做到“开门见山”，即要用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题，使人一开始就能了解文章要说明的内容。
①. 对于叙事类的文章，可以在开头把人物、时间、事件和环境交代清楚。
如“A Trip to Huangshan（黄山之旅）”的开头可以是：Last month, my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us.
②. 对于论述性的文章，可以在开头处先阐明自己的观点，接着展开进一步的论述。
如“The Time and the Money（时间和金钱）” 的开头可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time. But I don’t think so. First, when money is used up, you can earn it back， but……
2. 回忆性开头
在描述事件或游记类的文章中，采用回忆性的开头往往更能吸引人的眼球。这种类型的开头中通常含有描述自己心情或情绪的词汇，如never forget （永远无法忘记）、 remember （记得）、unforgettable （难以忘怀的）、 exciting（令人激动的）、surprising（令人惊讶的）、sad （难过的）……
如“A Trip to Huangshan（黄山之旅）”的开头还以这样写：I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan. 或It was really an unforgettable experience I had.
3. 概括性的开头
即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头：
People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.
结尾：
1. 自然结尾，点明主题
随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Helping the Policeman（帮助警察）”的结尾可以是：The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy.再如“The Tortoise and the Hare（龟兔赛跑）” 的结尾可以是：When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already been there。
2. 首尾呼应，升华主题
在文章的结尾可以用含义较深的话点明主题，深化主题，起到“画龙点睛”的效果。如“I Love My Hometown（我爱家乡）”的结尾可以是：I love my hometown, and I am proud of it.
3. 表达祝愿，阐述愿望
这种方式的结尾常出现在书信或演讲稿的文体中，表示对他人的祝福或对将来的展望等。如“A Letter to the Farmers（给农民们的一封信）”的结尾可以是：I hope the farmers’ life will be better and better.
另外，书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语：Best wishes；I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year；I wish you have a good time等。
【真题演练】
write at least 60 words on the topic "my opinion on getting pay for doing housework【以“我对有偿做家务的看法”为题,写一篇不少于60词的短文,标点符号不占格】
提示:一些家长为奖励,你怎么看这件事 可以了鼓励孩子参与家务活,便给么结合自身的经历阐述观点和给予孩子一定的报酬作为孩子承担家务的理由。
(注意:短文中不得出现任何人名、校名及其他相关信息,否则不予评分。)
参考范文
My opinion on getting pay for doing housework
It has been on hot discussion whether children should get pay for doing housework. As far as I am concerned, getting pay for doing housework is reasonable and beneficial to children’s growth.
As the only child in my family, I am always encouraged to do various kinds of housework, such as washing clothes and mopping the floor. In return, my parents give me pocket money as rewards. Through this experience, not only do I become more diligent and hardworking, but also I am able to afford what I want to buy. In addition, as the old saying goes, “No pains, no gains”, I am fully aware of the value of labour and happiness in the process of doing housework.
In conclusion, I firmly support the view that it is essential for children to get pay for doing housework, which contributes to our all-round development.
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【过关检测】
一、材料作文
1． Write at least 60 words on the topic “________ has won my respect”(以“……赢得了我的尊敬”为题，写一篇不少于 60 个词的短文，标点符号不占格)
提示：Aunt Sandy 用行动赢得了外甥女的尊敬。你的身边是否有这样一位值得尊敬的人关心着你的成长？请先补全标题，再结合具体事例谈谈你自己的感受。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文：
My mother has won my respect
My mother is the person I respect most. She plays an important role in my life, not only as a mother but also as a friend.
As a mother, she takes good care of the family, and she is never upset about my mistakes. She works hard in the company. She’s always warmhearted and ready to help others. She sets a good example for me. l have learned to work hard and respect people around. As a friend, she knows a lot about me and gives me help whenever it’s necessary.
My mother has a great influence on me and she has won my respect..
【详解】
1.题干解读：本文属于记叙文写作，要求以“________ has won my respect”为题写一篇短文谈谈我最尊敬的人，举出一些事例来说明。
2.写作指导：本文应该用第三人称来叙述内容；时态采用一般现在时为主，第一段指出谁赢得了我的尊敬；第二段阐述具体事例，第三段总结这我很尊敬这个人。逻辑性要强，保证条理清晰。
2． Write at least 60 words on the given situation. (根据以下情境写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
在生活中，要取得成就，往往需要勇气，你需要勇气来帮助你战胜困难，承认错误，拒绝他人，或者克服恐惧，你是如何理解勇气的呢？请以“have the courage to…”(我有勇气……)，为题，结合自己的经历谈谈你对勇气的理解和感受。
注意：1. 短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名等个人信息，否则不予评分。
2. 照抄阅读语篇不得分。
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【答案】例文
Have the courage to be brave
In our daily life, we have various fears preventing us from moving forward. And overcoming the fears helps us become more confident.
I used to be afraid of speaking in public. I never dared to step up and speak in front of a crowd. Then, in Grade 9, a speech contest was held in my school. With my teacher’s encouragement, I entered for it and made full preparations for it. Luckily, I finished it smoothly. To my surprise, I won the second prize. This time I was brave. Now I have become more and more confident in expressing myself in public.
Don’t let the fear take you. Just step forward and you will find you can do it!
【详解】
1.题干解读：该题目属于记叙文写作。但写作时要根据汉语提示，首先叙述自身的经历，然后根据经历谈谈对勇敢的理解。
2.写作指导：本文应该用第一人称来叙述自身的经历；时态采用一般过去时叙述过去的经历，用一般现在时和现在完成时来叙述自己的成长和对勇敢的理解。描述经历时，力求语言准确，叙事完整，行文连贯，保证条理清晰。
3． Write a passage in at least 80 words on the topic “Here’s a New Start”. (请以“这是一个新的开始”为题，写一篇不少于80个词的作文，标点符号不占格。)
提示：岁月的长河中，我们所做的每件事情，都如同随手洒下的种子，在时光的滋润下，那些种子慢慢的生根、发芽、抽枝、开花，最终结出属于自己的果实。人的生命只有一次，但生活可以每天不同。你有了什么新的开始呢？你为此做了什么准备呢？打算怎么努力或改变呢？请结合自身经历，谈谈你的感受。
(注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分)
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【答案】例文：
Here’s a New Start
Last week, I was taking a walk along the road when I happened to see a man drawing a picture by the river. I was so impressed by that beautiful picture that I made up my mind to learn to draw.
After I discussed this with my parents, they were so supportive and they bought me the paper and brushes immediately. In order to improve my drawing skills, I have made some plans. First, I am going to watch some videos of masters’ painting so as to learn some skills and, most importantly, improve the sense of beauty. Second, I am going to take part in the school’s painting club where I can learn some basic painting skills.
I believe I can make a difference as long as I work hard.
【详解】
1. 题干解读：本题要求以“Here’s a New Start”为题，根据提示中的问题写一篇不少于80词的英文作文，内容是关于你的新开始和你为这个新的开始所做的准备和努力。
2. 写作指导：本文主要采用第一人称进行写作；首先先结合自身经历表述清楚你的新开始是什么，然后再介绍你为新开始所做的准备和努力，文章重点应放在后半部分的准备和努力上，最后再用一到两句话表明自己的决心作为文章的结尾；文章重点部分的写作可使用连接词（如First），这样使得文章层次清晰，逻辑连贯；最后写作完成时应保证文章内容完整、行文流畅，语言符合规范和英文表达习惯。
4． 意大利爷爷Paterno的励志故事使他成为很多青少年的偶像。相信在生活学习中你也有一位想效仿或追随的榜样。请以“A model I want to follow”为题，写一篇不少于60词的短文， 标点符号不占格。
注意∶
1. 短文中不得出现真实姓名和校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分。
2. 照抄阅读语篇不得分。
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【答案】例文
A model I want to follow
Mr. Paterno is a model I want to follow. He never gives up when meeting with difficulties. As the first child of a very poor family, he was forced to work when he was very young in order to support his family. He must have met with a lot of troubles but he remained strong. When he was retired, he didn’t give up his interest of study. He took up learning and graduated from the university in his nineties. As an old man, he must have worse memory and less energy than young people, but he still managed to overcome the difficulties and graduated with a degree in history. As a teenager, I will learn from Mr. Paterno and be persistent in study.
Wang Yibo is the model I want to follow. His polite and modest behavior in the TV program called “Day Day Up” has won a lot of fans. On the show, he always stands aside and keeps smiling instead of showing off. He takes every chance to learn from others, which makes him improve quickly these years. What’s more, his persistent attitude inspires me a lot. He has practiced dancing for ten years and has achieved great success in the show “This is street dancing”. Now he is still working hard to make progress. He is a super star and I want to be such a modest and persistent person like him.
I love my mom and admire her as well. She’s always my model. In my eyes, she’s like a superwoman. She is good at all kinds of housework. She makes our home clean and nice. She cooks delicious food for the whole family every day. She can even do some repair work that my dad can’t. Besides taking care of the family, she is also sales manager of a company. Though she is strict, people there all respect her very much. She is always busy but she never complains. I'm proud of my mom and she’s the model I want to follow in my life.
Jason, our monitor, is a good example I want to follow. He is a friendly guy with great humor who brings sunshine to everyone in his life. Wherever he appears, the place is always full of laughter and happiness. He is so optimistic that even when he fails in an exam, he never loses heart. He is a talented boy with modesty. He has won various kinds of national competitions. However, he never shows off or refuses to answer any “stupid” questions. It is his optimism and modesty that I admire most. I would like to learn from him.
【详解】
1.题干解读：该题目属于记叙文写作，但写作时要按邮件格式写。在写作时第一段应承接短文开头材料，主要写爷爷Paterno的励志故事使他成为我们很多人的榜样；根据第二、三、四段根据自己的经历来叙述那些对自己来说可以作为榜样的人，并在他们的身上看到了什么优点，自己该怎么去学习。
2.写作指导：本文应该用第一人称来叙述故事内容；时态采用一般现在时为主，用过去进行时描述场景；描述故事时，场景应描写细致，可以列举几个具体的实例进行说明；并且故事发生的背景、起因和过程等需要叙述完整，保证条理清晰。
5． Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic “Besides study, I also pay attention to_____” (以“除了学习，我还关注……”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
亲爱的同学，除了学习，你还关注什么？你为什么关注它？你是怎么做到的？对它的关注给你的生活和学习有什么影响或作用？
（注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名，校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。）
Besides study, I also pay attention to ____________
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【答案】例文
Besides study, I also pay attention to the environment
There is no doubt that we students should pay more attention to our study. However, if we ignore the importance of the environment, we will have many difficulties in gaining knowledge.
First of all, when there is too much noise, we will not be able to concentrate on what we are thinking about and our mind will be greatly disturbed. What’s more, air pollution may make us feel sick. As a result, we may be so weak that we will have neither enough energy nor a clear mind to learn what we want.
Above all, we should try to take immediate methods to protect the environment so that it can provide us with a better environment for living and learning as well.
【详解】
1.题干解读：本文是一篇材料作文。以“除了学习，我还关注环境”为题写一篇短文。
2.写作指导：本文主要采用第一人称，时态采用一般现在时为主。分为三段式：第一段引出主题；第二段介绍如何保护环境；最后总结概括。写作时保持主谓一致性，做到无语法和标点错误。
二、书信作文
6． Write at least 60 words on the given situation.(根据以下情景写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格）
王老师是你们学校的一名退休教师。他非常期待收到学生们的来信。请你写一封信给他，你可以告诉他学校发生的变化、开展的活动、或者任何关于校园生活的点点滴滴。
(注意：1.短文中不得出现姓名、校名等个人信息，否则不予评分。2.照抄阅读语篇不得分。）
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【答案】参考范文：
Dear Wang,
I’m a senior high school student named Li Hua. It is a great honor to tell you about the changes in our school.
There are lots of changes that have happened in our school. One of them is sports changing. For example, now we can have more time to do some sports after class to relax ourselves. To be more concrete, time we have sports compared with past days that were added for about one hour. Now we have ping pong, soccer and baseball games. That really made our students healthier and study better than before. It made our school spirited. And the relationship between students and teachers becomes better and better.
We are all looking forward to seeing you.
Best wishes to you!
【详解】
1.题干解读：该题目属于应用文写作，写作时要按书信格式写。在写作时应分为三段，第一段总写，介绍你叫什么，告诉他变化。第二段叙述具体的变化；第三段抒发感情，可以告诉王老师我们都期待着见到他，结束本文。
2.写作指导：本文应该用第一人称；时态采用一般现在时和一般过去时为主，在描写具体变化时，会与过去的事情进行对比，描述过去的事情使用一般过去时；叙述要完整，保证条理清晰，语言通顺，语法、标点、拼写正确。
7． Write at least 60 words on the topic “A letter to My Hero(es)”
我们的心中都住着英雄，他（们）也许是救死扶伤的医生，是勇夺金牌的冠军，是飞身火海的消防员，是见义勇为的路人，还也许是默默付出的亲人、伙伴……请写一封信给你心中的英雄，表达你的敬意，聊聊他（们）的事（举动）对你的影响。
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【答案】例文
Dear Mr. Zhong,
In my heart, you are my hero. While facing the spread of the novel coronavirus, you kept calm and spared no effort to save lives. You not only led but also took an active part in the battle against the disease. Your name is Zhong Nanshan. We are all proud of you.
As we all know, the disease outbroke just before the Spring Festival. You strongly suggested people not go to Wuhan to keep safe. However, you went there to help treat the patients. Since then, you have been working on the front line with other medical workers. You also led an expert team to do research and tried to find better ways to deal with the disease. You and thousands of other medical workers are an inspiration to the whole nation. They encourage us to fight bravely against the disease and finally win this battle.
I greatly admire you and regard you as a hero. I will learn from you and make an effort to do something meaningful for others.
【详解】
1.题干解读：本文要求以“A Letter to My Hero(es)”为题，给自己心中的英雄写一封信，致敬英雄，阐述他们对自己的影响。注意要点要齐全，可适当发挥。
2.写作指导：写作时要以第一和第二人称来行文，时态用一般现在时和一般过去时。作文要表达出自己对英雄的敬意，表达过程要条理清晰，行文连贯，无语法和拼写错误。
8．Write at least 60 words according to the given situation (根据以下情境写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格)
你的学校正在为以下活动课招募教学小助手(teaching assistant)：
球类(Ball Games) 演讲(Speech) 器乐(Instrumental Music)
戏剧(Drama) 手工(Handicrafts) 摄影(Photography)
假设你是李华，请给教导处张老师写封信，结合你的兴趣和特长，说明你想担任哪一门活动课的小助手及理由。
注意：
1.信中不得出现姓名、校名等个人信息，否则不予评分。
2.照抄阅读语篇不得分。
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【答案】例文：
Dear Mr. Zhang,
I am writing to you to apply for the teaching assistant for our instrumental music lesson. The reason why I am interested in this job is that I love music and I have got the level-10 certificates of both piano and guitar. Besides, music is a way to deepen our understanding of the world as well as a way to relax ourselves. I hope more students will find its beauty through this course, which is certainly my goal. Being the teaching assistant is exactly what I am good at and what I desire. I really hope you can give me this opportunity.
Sincerely,
Li Hua
【详解】
1.题干解读：题目要求根据所给情境，给教导处张老师写封信，结合自己的兴趣和特长，说明自己想担任哪一门活动课的小助手及理由。
2.写作指导：本文主要以第一人称写作，时态为一般现在时。结合自己的兴趣和特长，选择一门活动课，表明选择担任这一门课的小助手的理由；可以围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等；语言的表述要符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；层次要分明、条理要清晰。
三、话题作文
9．Write at least 60 words on the given “________ has changed me”. (以 _______ 改变了我为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
世间瞬息万变，凡事都在变化，都在发展，我们也在不断地调整、改变自己。某些人、事、经历改变着我们的心态、行为、价值观、思维方式、生活方式等。请结合题目和自己的经历，谈一谈自己的改变。
(注意：1. 短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名等个人信息，否则不予评分。2. 照抄阅读语篇不得分。)
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【答案】例文
Difficulty has changed me
Last year, my father bought me a very thick book. The book has more than 500 pages. At the beginning, I felt a lot of pressure because I didn’t know when I would finish reading the book. But my father told me that I could do it as long as I worked hard. I began to realize that instead of being afraid of difficulties, I wanted to be brave. So I read two pages a day. I finally finished reading it this year. My father said he was proud of me.
At first, it was very difficult for me to finish reading the book. But when I finally overcame this difficulty, I realized that I had become brave.
【详解】
1.题干解读：本文是一篇半命题作文。要求补充完整题目“________ has changed me”，再结合题目和自己的经历，谈一谈自己的改变。
2.写作指导：写作时要以第一人称来行文，时态以一般过去时为主。作文可以从自己经历的困难、心理变化等方面讲述困难使自己变得更勇敢。要保证语言连贯，无语法和拼写错误。
10． Write at least 60 words on the topic “My funnest family memory” (根据提示，以“我最有趣的家庭回忆”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
提示：回忆有趣的家庭生活总是美好的。请结合你的亲身经历，描述你和家人在一起时最有趣的事儿，并谈谈感想。(注意：文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分。抄袭阅读理解语篇的不给分。)
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【答案】范文：
My funnest family memory
There are countless interesting things in our family. Let me tell you one thing. It’s about eating.
I remember once again, when I was at my grandma’s house, it was going to a dinner. My stomach was hungry and sang “I want to eat”. I ran to the table in a windy manner and started eating. I just had a bite of the food, feeling very spicy, asked her mother, “Mom, why is vegetable pepper so hot ” Mom ran over and tasted vegetable pepper and said, “This is not vegetable pepper, it’s pepper!” “Ah ” I asked in confusion. This is chili, no wonder it’s so spicy. “Give me some water!” The family laughed when they heard it. In fact, there are many interesting family stories, waiting for us to discover. As long as you are serious about discovering it, you will feel that family fun everywhere.
【详解】
1. 题干解读：这篇作文要求我们以“我最有趣的家庭回忆”为题，根据写作提示，谈一谈自己最有趣的家庭回忆，属于话题作文。
2. 写作指导：审题可知，这篇短文应以第一人称和一般过去时为主来叙述，要写出家庭生活的有趣及自己的感受，注意主谓一致，保证无语法和单词拼写错误。
11． Write at least 60 words on the given situation（根据以下情境写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。）
石砖和雕像的经历告诉我们，不同的选择会带来不同的结果。生活中，我们也会碰到很多选择。请以 “I chose to ________”为题，结合自身的经历，说说你是怎么做的？你为什么会做出这样的选择？
The following is for reference only
●choose to be / do
●make up my mind
●encourage me to
（注意：1. 短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名等个人信息，否则不予评分。 2. 照抄阅读语篇不得分。)
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【答案】例文：
I chose to be a reporter
Life is full of different kinds of choices. Different people have different choices about their future jobs. As for me, I have made up my mind to be a reporter. Because I would like to see different people and I can make friends with more people. What’s more, I can tell people the truth about something popular. What can I do to become a reporter I must study hard to obtain more knowledge. And, at the same time, I will write articles for magazines or newspapers. When I finish high school, I am going to go to college in Beijing. Because I think I can learn more there. My parents also encourage me to chase my dream bravely. With their support, I believe everything will come as expected.
【详解】
1.题干解读：这是一个半命题作文，要求以 “I chose to ________”为题，结合自身的经历，谈谈你生活中的选择，说说你是怎么做的？你为什么会做出这样的选择？
2.写作指导：正式写作前，需要先补全题目，围绕题目中心内容，用第一人称开始写作； 开头先点题，然后结合自身情况说明原因，以及实现的方式，最后简单收尾。写作中注意要保证语句通顺，条理清晰，无单词和语法错误。
12． Write at least 60 words on the topic “In three years’ time” （以“三年以后”为题写一遍不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。）
你是否想象过，三年以后你的生活或者周围的世界会发生产怎样的变化？你对三年以后的自己周围的世界有怎样的期待？你能为此做些什么？
（注意：短文中不得出现任何校名、人名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分。）
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【答案】例文：
In three years’ time
There is no denying that the world is changing fast. I do believe that my life will be different in three years’ time. On the one hand, it will be more convenient, we can study at home. Whether we will go to school or stay at home depends on our choices. Certainly, unlike the last special year, we had to study on line because of the virus . On the other hand, the environment may become worse especially white pollution. Sadly, the number of people who like to throw everywhere is still rising. I hope the world will be more beautiful. To achieve this, I need to learn more knowledge about how to protect the environment. Call on more people to take part in fighting against pollution. Only by working together will our future be better in 3 years.
【详解】
1.题干解读：本题要求以“三年以后”为题，写篇不少于60个词的短文，描述三年以后你的生活或者周围世界发生的变化，以及自己对周围世界的期待。
2.写作指导：人称以第一人称为主，时态以一般将来时为主。写作时，先描述三年后所发生的变化，最后可以谈谈如何实现这些变化；保证内容完整，结构清晰条理。
13． Write a passage of at least 60 words about the topic “A valuable lesson” (请以“宝贵的一课”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
提示：在学习与生活中，我们会因为经历了一些事情，获得体验，增加阅历，吸取教训。请以“宝贵的一课”为题，结合你的经历，谈谈你的感受。
注意：
抄袭试卷中内容不得分。
文中不得出现任何姓名、校名以及其它相关信息，否则不予评分。
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【答案】例文：
A valuable lesson
During our life, there are always moments that give us valuable lessons, because they can taught something important about ourselves. As for me, I will never forget my first volunteer experience.
During the summer vacation of my seventh grade, our class went to to an orphan home in our city to help the children there. At first, we gave away some meaningful story books and stationery to them. Then we talked about our school life to them. I was quite shy before, to my surprise, I talked with some kids for almost an hour without intermission. I shared my effective study methods with them excitedly. And I even showed some children some skills which I learned from my PE teacher on how to play badminton better. Finally, we played games together. All of us felt so happy.
That volunteer work really taught me a lesson, which I will never forget. I felt the truth of those words, which I never understood before that: “It is more blessed to give than to receive.” That day, I not only gained happiness, but also became more confident and outgoing to communicate with others. More importantly, it made me realize that giving is receiving.
【详解】
1.题干解读：题目要求以“宝贵的一课”为题结合自己的经历，并谈谈对这次经历的感受。要求不少于60词。
2.写作指导：写作时要以第一人称为主，讲述自己的经历用一般过去时。可分三段进行写作：第一段引出这次经历；第二段具体描述这次经历；最后一段收尾，表达自己的感受。要做到无单词拼写和语法错误。
14． Mr. Smith 用特殊的方式给他的学生上了“精彩一课”。你的老师一定也以他/她独特的方式给你留下过深刻的印象。他/她或许组织过精彩的活动，他/她或许讲述过精彩的故事，他/她或许……
请以” A wonderful lesson（精彩一课）” 为题，记录老师给你上过的精彩一课。
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【答案】例文
A wonderful lesson
We have many classes every day, but I think the most wonderful class is yesterday’s Chinese class.
Our Chinese teacher is Miss Li. Although she is very young, she knows a lot. She always tells us about the culture and customs of different places and so on. Yesterday in the Chinese class, Miss Li did not take the Chinese book but took several pictures that looked very bad. On these pictures, some children standed in the field looking at the distance, some children even picked up things to eat from the trash cans. All of us were surprised and didn't know what Miss Li meant. By explaining the content of each picture and the story behind it, Miss Li let us know that there are still many children in many areas who do not have food or go to school, so that we know how to cherish every day of school, and also let us sympathize with those children more.
Since then, every time I have finished reading books, I will donate them to the community workstation, hoping to give them to those children who do not have books to read.
【详解】
1.题干解读：文章属于话题作文，主要是以“A wonderful lesson”为主题展开描写，内容可以按照自身的情况适当的发挥，写作时要运用正确的英语表达，要选用恰当的词汇和短语。
2.写作指导：文章主要用一般现在时和一般过去时，人称用第一和第三人称展开描述。主要是介绍自己的精彩的课堂以及为什么是精彩的，从中学到了什么等。写作时语言要简单易懂，文章结构要完整，多使用简单词语表达，意思要通俗易懂。
15． Write at least 60 words about the topic “The ________ I want to recommend”（请以“我想推荐________”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。）
在你的日常生活中，肯定有很多给你留下了深刻的印象，如观看过一部电影，阅读过一本书，欣赏过一个表演。请你从以上三个方面选取其中一个内容，向你的朋友作推荐,并说明推荐理由。
（注意：文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。）
The ________ I want to recommend
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【答案】例文：
The book I want to recommend
A good book is a good friend. I’d like to introduce a good book Harry Potter.
Harry Potter is a series of seven fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling. The book tells us the adventures of Harry Potter and his friends from the Hogwarts School. Although the characters are complex, we get attached to them easily and feel for their pain and happiness. What’s more, it makes people think what they should do for the people they love and what is really important in life. Harry Potter can show you a fascinating world and inspire your imagination. The strong and lovely characters can help you build your own personality. I’m sure you can also learn about love and friendship from the book.
I do hope you will like the book and my recommendation can help you.
【详解】
1.题干解读：题目是半命题作文，要求将标题“The ... I want to recommend”补充完整，向朋友推荐一部电影、一本书或一个表演，并说明推荐的理由。
2.写作指导：写作时要先把题目补充完整，使用一般现在时来介绍要推荐的内容，人称以第三人称为主，说明推荐的理由并做到无单词拼写和语法错误。
16． Write at least 60 words on the topic “I tried my best to__________” (以“我尽全力________了 ”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符合不占格。)
在你的学习和成长过程中肯定都有一段为实现自己某个目标而竭尽全力的经历，请你补全题目，介绍自己的某次拼搏过程并谈谈自己的收获和感悟。
注意：
1.在答题纸上将题目补充完整。
2.短文中不得出现真实人名、校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分。
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【答案】例文
I tried my best to learn English
It is important for us to learn English well, but my English is poor. So I tried my best to learn English. Firstly, I read more English and listened to the tapes. Secondly, I worked hard to keep the words and phrases in mind. What’s more, I paid attention to taking notes in class, and asked the teachers about the problems after class. At last, because of my hard work, my English improved a lot. Now I feel very happy and proud.
【详解】
1.题干解读：本文是一篇话题作文。要求以“I tried my best to________”为话题，写一篇短文，介绍自己的某次拼搏过程并谈谈自己的所感所获。注意要点齐全，可适当发挥。
2.写作指导：写作时要以第一人称来介绍，时态用一般过去时。作文开头介绍了我尽全力学习英语的原因，接下来介绍努力学习英语的过程，最后表达我的英语提高了，我的感受。要保证语言连贯，无语法和拼写错误。
17． Idols can serve as important role models in our lives, so it’s very important to choose the right ones. We should celebrate people who teach us important values that can help guide us on the road ahead. Write at least 60 words on the topic “The importance of choosing the right idol”（偶像是我们生活中重要的榜样, 所以选择一个正确的偶像相当重要。我们应该称赞那些能教会我们正确价值观, 引领我们前行的人。请你结合自身或他人的经历谈谈选择正确偶像的重要性。以“选择正确偶像的重要性”为题, 写一篇不少于 60 个词的短文）。
（ 注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息, 否则不予评分。标点符号不占格）
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【答案】例文
The importance of choosing the right idol
Idol is a kind of spirit for us, is a model and yardstick to learn. The spirit of our idols influences us.
When I was young, my favorite idol was Lei Feng. His pictures were plastered all over the walls of my room. Whenever I met difficulties in life and study, I would think of uncle Lei Feng’s deeds. When I entered middle school, my grades were not good at first. But inspired by Lei Feng’s spirit, I began to study hard. Finally, I was admitted to the ideal university with excellent results. So I feel it is very important to choose the right idol, it can make a great change in my life.
I think everyone needs an idol to support their beliefs. Because the excellence of our idols drives us forward.
【详解】
1. 题干解读：本文是一篇话题作文。要求以“The importance of choosing the right idol”为题，结合自身或他人的经历谈谈选择正确偶像的重要性。首先要认真审题，根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作。
2. 写作指导：本文主要采用第一人称来展开写作，时态主要用一般现在时和一般过去时。写作时文章要紧扣题目的要点，围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等；语言的表述要符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；层次要分明、条理要清晰。
18． Write at least 60 words on the given situation(根据以下情景写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
Michael Morpurgo 认为当小学老师是他一生最快乐的时光之一。每个人的成长过程中都会有一些快乐时光，或长或短。请以“The happiest days of my life” 为题，分享你的经历和感受。
（注意：1. 短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名等个人信息，否则不予评分）2. 照抄阅读语篇不得分。
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【答案】例文：
The happiest days of my life
In my opinion, being a student is the happiest days of my life. I remember when I was in junior high school, I learned every subject well, but my favorite subject was English. Every time I had an English class, the teacher always gives me the small task of distributing homework and test papers. Every time I did these things, I felt very proud. Not only English teachers, but also other teachers paid special attention to me because of my serious attitude.
I miss junior high school life very much now, and thank the teachers for their concern, which makes me grow up in happiness.
【详解】
1.题干解读：题目要求以“The happiest days of my life” 为题，写一篇短文，叙述一下成长过程中的一些快乐时光，分享你的经历和感受。短文中不得出现姓名、校名等个人信息。
2.写作指导：文章要求叙述成长过程中的快乐时光，是对过去的叙述，所以时态上以一般过去时为主，人称上以第一人称为主。对过去的叙述，注意动词过去式的变化。最后表达一下自己的感受。
19． Write at least 60 words on the topic “Keep your mind open”.(以“敞开心扉/心胸开阔”为题, 写一篇至少 60 个单词的短文, 标点符号不占格)..
在生活中, 你对你的生活满意吗 不满意的话, 是什么原因呢 如果我们能以开阔的胸怀面对不同的事物, 从不同的角度去思考问题, 可能会得到意想不到的收获。结合自身经历, 谈一谈你是如何做到心胸开阔、乐于接受各种顺势逆境的。
(注意：短文中不得出现考生姓名、校名及其它相关信息, 否则不予评分。)
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【答案】例文：
Keep your mind open
In our daily life, we sometimes don’t feel satisfied with our life, especially when we meet difficult situations, such as getting a low mark, losing a precious gift and so on. If we can keep our minds open to different people or things, we may get unexpected harvest.
Last week, my good friend Lucy got a good grade in her English exam. But mine is very poor. I felt very sad. However, she always talked about the English test. It made me annoyed. But I didn’t tell her how I felt. Later, I told my mother about it. My mother encouraged me to talk to Lucy and tell her how I felt. My mother said that friends should keep their minds open to each other. The next day, I shared my feelings with Lucy. She suddenly realized that she had not thought about my feelings and apologized for it. She thanked me for keeping my mind open to her.
In a word, we should keep our mind open when we face the difficulties.
【详解】
1. 题干解读：题目要求根据提示内容，写出自己敞开心扉的一件事情，要写一件具体的事情，可以适当的发挥，写作时要运用正确的英语表达，要选用恰当的词汇和短语。
2. 写作指导：写作时要紧扣主题，用第一人称和其他人称相结合来写作，时态以一般过去时为主，要做到要点齐全，无单词拼写和语法错误。
20． Write at least 60 words about the topic _________ made me a better person. (请以“……使我成为更好的自己”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
生活中往往有许多人或事帮助我们成为更好的自己。也许是曾经的某一次经历或某个人使我们发现了自己的潜力与天赋；使我们由依赖到独立，敢于选择、敢于承担责任；使我们勇于面对未知，尝试新经验，主动做出改变。请补全标题并结合过去的真实经历，谈一谈什么促使你成为更好的自己，你又在哪些方面做出了改变。
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【答案】范文：
Understanding other people makes me a better person
As is known to all, everyone is a special unity that has his own mind and story. When facing the similar circumstances, they may make different choices. Every decision we make and every action we do make us be a different person from others. So it is very important to understand others especially when we get along with other people.
First, understanding can avoid quarrels among people. If we put ourselves in other people’s shoes, we can understand others better. Second, understanding is also a self-cultivation. Everyone has their own difficulties, which means that we can’t impose our minds on other people.
I always remind myself of understanding others. I think that understanding other people makes me a better person.
【详解】
1.题干解读：该题目属于说明文写作，在写作时首先补全标题，然后根据汉语提示的内容，说明什么促使你成为更好的自己，在哪些方面做出了改变，并说明理由。
2.写作指导：本文应该用第三和第一人称来介绍内容；时态采用一般现在时；在介绍内容时，力求语句通顺，行文连贯，保证条理清晰。
开心不能用钱买
原因
即使穷人也有开心
取得成就
帮助别人
父母，朋友关爱
发现开心方法
Happiness can't be bought with money.
Main reasons
A poor person who gets lots of love is always happy
Solutions
What’s more…. It's cheerful to make progress and get good marks.
Although I don't have much money, I still have a happy life because I have parents who always take care of me, friends who always help me and teachers who always encourage me.
Help others
Warm-hearted, optimistic
Be ready to help others/be only too pleased to help others
为班级能做什么
Organize colorful and varied after-activities /enrich our school life/
Help to relax/meet students’ needs
Study group/ catch up with others/
help those in trouble第13讲 写作技巧及专练20篇
【学习目标】
1、掌握上海中考写作常考类型
2、掌握中考写作必要的解题技巧
3、完成精选的20篇专项训练
【基础知识】
写作思路培养
一、专题知识梳理
中考英语写作评分标准：
作文评价基本要求
内容（8分） 内容切题、充实、不写废话；意思连贯，表达清楚、准确、完整
语法（8分） 语言基本正确；用语规范、无或少见语法错误；拼写、大小写和标点正确
结构（4分） 词汇和句式句型运用恰当自如；文中有值得肯定的好句型和表达形式
（每次考试可能按照对扣分情况做微调，但总体8+8+4原则不变）
实际评分标准：
1.Globalscoring整体评分：
很多老师其实不是每个部分分项评分，很多情况下，阅读完第一句第二句在脑海里给出一个大致的该学生的起评点，12+，15+，10+，所以首句很重要，首句以及后面的一句会对该起评点多少有一定作用。
2.字数问题：
80-90最佳，105以上啰嗦影响评分，60字以下直接扣内容分3-4分。中考写作要把握“止损”原则，不要一味地多写。首先中考试卷部分大致格子加上利用空隙最大程度只能完成115字左右，从来也没有老师因为你多写而给你额外分数，在完成写作后，多写只能增加“失误”“错误”的可能性。
3.要点问题：
根据要求如果以下要点仅供参考，不包括不会直接扣分，不要受到要点干扰。但实际情况中，不包括任何一条得高分非常少。所谓Guided Writing提示，是给学生扩展思路的。
4.特殊案例：
白卷0分，与本文无任何关系的作文6分为最高分。
5.总体印象分是一把双刃剑。
不能为了写总体印象分，用所谓难词，结果发生语法错误，扣语言分，还要扣总体印象分。何为总体印象分？就是有气势，有腔调，适合中学老师口味，不能高于他们的认知标准。
10年前 When I was five, I listened to radio.
5年前 Try to do sth. stop doing
现在的形势 I am a boy who is keen on music
Do all the possible means to do sth.
Certainly, I will…
For the reason that…
Only by ….can we …
I am deeply convinced that
Take up painting
6.一模二模考试写作满分情况比较少，一般一模二模会比中考真题批分相对严格。
评卷流程：
电脑阅卷
2人一组，组长台上监控。两人分值不能相差太大4分（仅供参考），超过额定分值退回重新批改（仅供参考）。
阅卷速度
其实阅卷者每天有一定的阅卷量，真正停留在每个考生的阅卷时间其实还是有限的，但一定是充足的。
教师每天在完成大量阅卷工作后，也会有一定的审美疲劳，所以首句一定要出彩。（供参考）
教师实际阅卷重点：
1、首句：首句出错，印象非常糟糕
2、连接词/逻辑
3、末句
4、内容/例子
5、模版使用/套题
二、专题精讲
1. 中考英语写作无论是记叙文还是应用文，在具体写作过程中我们不妨按如下顺序进行。
1）确定写作中心。根据中心，能够扩展的材料有哪些。要避免写那些与中心内容无关紧要的细节
2）围绕中心，列出写作提纲。提纲一定要包含所提供的情景要点，同时要尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇与句型。
3）根据字数多少，扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题，千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。
扩展时要注意短文的字数，要写够80~100个英语词，以避免由于字数不够引起的扣分。
2. 中考英语英语作文主要侧重灵活、实用性和多样性，主要有以下几种形式。
1）以图画提供情景的作文应以“看”为主，通过细心观察图中的人物、景物、文字、数字等，弄清写作的意图，通过分析思考把握逻辑联系，找出主题并借助所给的文字，把图中的信息转化成文章。
2）以图表提供情景的作文要以“读”为主，首先要读懂图表中的数据、时间、编码以及相互间的变化关系，对所给的信息加以分析、推断、筛癣概括。
3）以提纲提供情景的作文。要注意遣词造句的灵活性和语法规则的正确性，就不会造成审题不清而偏离主题，但要注意，文章必须覆盖所提供的各个提纲的要点。
三、例题讲解
例1： Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic “How to find happiness”. ( 以“How to find happiness”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
（ 注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。）
Use the following points as a guide. (短文必须包含以下要点)
What’s your view on happiness
Do you agree with the saying, “Money is happiness.” ( give two reasons )
How do our students find happiness in our study and life？
中文提纲：
1. Beginning：你认为开心是什么
开心对我们来说很重要
2. Main body 说明观点：认同金钱就等于开心吗？
3. Ending 我们要保持开心
英文提纲：
1. Beginning：it is widely accepted that...plays an important part in our life
2. Main body：
3. Ending: Believe it or not, if you try to find happiness, happiness will be always around you.
批注：让学生先用中文说下大致思路，然后列在纸上。再把中文翻译成英语，翻译时用尽一切好词好句。然后就能成形为一篇英语提纲。最后把英语提纲进行拼接，一篇好文章就出炉啦。
整理后范文：
It is widely accepted that happiness plays an important part in our daily life. It's everywhere if you try to find the beauty around you. There is a saying "Money is happiness" among many people, but I don't think so. First, happiness can't be bought with money. Secondly, a poor person who gets lots of love is always happy. Although I don't have much money, I still have a happy life because I have parents who always take care of me, friends who always help me and teachers who always encourage me. It's fun to play with friends. It's cheerful to make progress and get good marks. It's happy to help others. Believe it or not, if you try to find happiness, happiness will be always around you.
例2： Suppose your class is running for new monitor, you take part in this campaign and want to succeed. Please write an article to let more students support you. Write a passage of at least 60 words ( 假设你们班竞选班长，你参加了本次竞选并且希望成功，现在请写一封竞选信，让更多的学生支持你，不少于60个词，标点符号不占格。)
（ 注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。）
Use the following points as a guide. (短文必须包含以下要点)
Why can you be qualified as monitor
What can you do for the class (give at least two examples)
批注：此部分只需要列提纲，让学生通过练习更加清楚提纲是怎样练成的
3 Ending:
Hope that you can vote for me, and I’m sure to live up to your expectations.
四、写作具体思路方法
1．话题整合：
旅游（个人兴趣类） my hobby/a trip with my family/my plan/My weekend
学习类（最好的学习方法）study brings me happiness/The most boring subject
科技环保类（水资源保护）computer have changed my life/water resource
个人经历类（考试失败/最难忘的事情/毕业感言/我和她）friends /the first time I failed
感恩，抒情类（未来２个月打算/毕业话语）My dream
2.合理正确使用模版：
一个模板原创者使用超高分；
一个模板十几个人使用高分；
一个模板几百个人使用平庸；
批注：阅卷教师不会因为使用模版直接扣分，但是如果模版句子很流畅，非模版句子很差，老师就可以以句子逻辑链接问题扣分
3.关注高分范文的共性:
用词多样性： An increasing number of students…
避免单一句型： Ｉam Tony. I am a boy. I am sixteen…
连接词，逻辑清晰： For instance, therefore, besides…
亮点句型： never fail to，there’s no doubt that…
4.一定要真正学会使用语法，避免输出时出错:
There are many things I hate to do, such as: reading boring books go to bed early and so on. I hate to read boring books because I think it spend me much time, so I don’t like to read them. I hate to go to bed early because I want to watch more TV, I want play more computer games.
5.语料库的事先储备:
Travelling can broaden my horizon, cultivate my interest, can enrich my life.
I would like to extend my deepest appreciation towards those who ……
In order to improve my English, I read English newspapers, watch CCTV English channel and listen to some English songs. Some steps should be taken ….
五、学法提炼
（一）写作步骤：
1.审题目：要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。
在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。
2.圈要点：防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。
3.列提纲：为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。
4.定基调：定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。
5.写全文
（二）知识收获
1．清楚知道作文评分要求和规则。
2. 学会在作文完成后进行“五查”：查主题，查语法，查标点，查表达，查拼写。
（三） 方法总结
1. 掌握写作基本步骤：审题目，圈要点，写全文，定基调，列提纲，写全文。
2. 了解写作的难点，避免失分。
要合理正确使用模版，用词多样性，避免单一句型，连接词，逻辑清晰，有亮点句型。
（四）技巧提炼
1. 学会利用列出提纲来帮助优化作文。首先，列出中文提纲，然后通过用词用句进行翻译，使其成为一片英文提纲，再通过加入连词，首尾句组合成一篇中考作文。
2. 在完成一篇文章后，需要进行检查，避免语法错误。
常用开头/结尾方式
开头
1. “开门见山”式开头
一般来说，文章的开头应尽量做到“开门见山”，即要用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题，使人一开始就能了解文章要说明的内容。
①. 对于叙事类的文章，可以在开头把人物、时间、事件和环境交代清楚。
如“A Trip to Huangshan（黄山之旅）”的开头可以是：Last month, my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us.
②. 对于论述性的文章，可以在开头处先阐明自己的观点，接着展开进一步的论述。
如“The Time and the Money（时间和金钱）” 的开头可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time. But I don’t think so. First, when money is used up, you can earn it back， but……
2. 回忆性开头
在描述事件或游记类的文章中，采用回忆性的开头往往更能吸引人的眼球。这种类型的开头中通常含有描述自己心情或情绪的词汇，如never forget （永远无法忘记）、 remember （记得）、unforgettable （难以忘怀的）、 exciting（令人激动的）、surprising（令人惊讶的）、sad （难过的）……
如“A Trip to Huangshan（黄山之旅）”的开头还以这样写：I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan. 或It was really an unforgettable experience I had.
3. 概括性的开头
即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头：
People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.
结尾：
1. 自然结尾，点明主题
随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Helping the Policeman（帮助警察）”的结尾可以是：The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy.再如“The Tortoise and the Hare（龟兔赛跑）” 的结尾可以是：When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already been there。
2. 首尾呼应，升华主题
在文章的结尾可以用含义较深的话点明主题，深化主题，起到“画龙点睛”的效果。如“I Love My Hometown（我爱家乡）”的结尾可以是：I love my hometown, and I am proud of it.
3. 表达祝愿，阐述愿望
这种方式的结尾常出现在书信或演讲稿的文体中，表示对他人的祝福或对将来的展望等。如“A Letter to the Farmers（给农民们的一封信）”的结尾可以是：I hope the farmers’ life will be better and better.
另外，书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语：Best wishes；I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year；I wish you have a good time等。
【真题演练】
write at least 60 words on the topic "my opinion on getting pay for doing housework【以“我对有偿做家务的看法”为题,写一篇不少于60词的短文,标点符号不占格】
提示:一些家长为奖励,你怎么看这件事 可以了鼓励孩子参与家务活,便给么结合自身的经历阐述观点和给予孩子一定的报酬作为孩子承担家务的理由。
(注意:短文中不得出现任何人名、校名及其他相关信息,否则不予评分。)
__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
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__________ __________ __________ __________ (60 words) __________ __________ __________
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__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
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__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
【过关检测】
一、材料作文
1． Write at least 60 words on the topic “________ has won my respect”(以“……赢得了我的尊敬”为题，写一篇不少于 60 个词的短文，标点符号不占格)
提示：Aunt Sandy 用行动赢得了外甥女的尊敬。你的身边是否有这样一位值得尊敬的人关心着你的成长？请先补全标题，再结合具体事例谈谈你自己的感受。
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2． Write at least 60 words on the given situation. (根据以下情境写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
在生活中，要取得成就，往往需要勇气，你需要勇气来帮助你战胜困难，承认错误，拒绝他人，或者克服恐惧，你是如何理解勇气的呢？请以“have the courage to…”(我有勇气……)，为题，结合自己的经历谈谈你对勇气的理解和感受。
注意：1. 短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名等个人信息，否则不予评分。
2. 照抄阅读语篇不得分。
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3． Write a passage in at least 80 words on the topic “Here’s a New Start”. (请以“这是一个新的开始”为题，写一篇不少于80个词的作文，标点符号不占格。)
提示：岁月的长河中，我们所做的每件事情，都如同随手洒下的种子，在时光的滋润下，那些种子慢慢的生根、发芽、抽枝、开花，最终结出属于自己的果实。人的生命只有一次，但生活可以每天不同。你有了什么新的开始呢？你为此做了什么准备呢？打算怎么努力或改变呢？请结合自身经历，谈谈你的感受。
(注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分)
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4． 意大利爷爷Paterno的励志故事使他成为很多青少年的偶像。相信在生活学习中你也有一位想效仿或追随的榜样。请以“A model I want to follow”为题，写一篇不少于60词的短文， 标点符号不占格。
注意∶
1. 短文中不得出现真实姓名和校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分。
2. 照抄阅读语篇不得分。
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5． Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic “Besides study, I also pay attention to_____” (以“除了学习，我还关注……”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
亲爱的同学，除了学习，你还关注什么？你为什么关注它？你是怎么做到的？对它的关注给你的生活和学习有什么影响或作用？
（注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名，校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。）
Besides study, I also pay attention to ____________
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二、书信作文
6． Write at least 60 words on the given situation.(根据以下情景写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格）
王老师是你们学校的一名退休教师。他非常期待收到学生们的来信。请你写一封信给他，你可以告诉他学校发生的变化、开展的活动、或者任何关于校园生活的点点滴滴。
(注意：1.短文中不得出现姓名、校名等个人信息，否则不予评分。2.照抄阅读语篇不得分。）
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7． Write at least 60 words on the topic “A letter to My Hero(es)”
我们的心中都住着英雄，他（们）也许是救死扶伤的医生，是勇夺金牌的冠军，是飞身火海的消防员，是见义勇为的路人，还也许是默默付出的亲人、伙伴……请写一封信给你心中的英雄，表达你的敬意，聊聊他（们）的事（举动）对你的影响。
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8．Write at least 60 words according to the given situation (根据以下情境写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格)
你的学校正在为以下活动课招募教学小助手(teaching assistant)：
球类(Ball Games) 演讲(Speech) 器乐(Instrumental Music)
戏剧(Drama) 手工(Handicrafts) 摄影(Photography)
假设你是李华，请给教导处张老师写封信，结合你的兴趣和特长，说明你想担任哪一门活动课的小助手及理由。
注意：
1.信中不得出现姓名、校名等个人信息，否则不予评分。
2.照抄阅读语篇不得分。
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三、话题作文
9．Write at least 60 words on the given “________ has changed me”. (以 _______ 改变了我为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
世间瞬息万变，凡事都在变化，都在发展，我们也在不断地调整、改变自己。某些人、事、经历改变着我们的心态、行为、价值观、思维方式、生活方式等。请结合题目和自己的经历，谈一谈自己的改变。
(注意：1. 短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名等个人信息，否则不予评分。2. 照抄阅读语篇不得分。)
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10． Write at least 60 words on the topic “My funnest family memory” (根据提示，以“我最有趣的家庭回忆”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
提示：回忆有趣的家庭生活总是美好的。请结合你的亲身经历，描述你和家人在一起时最有趣的事儿，并谈谈感想。(注意：文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分。抄袭阅读理解语篇的不给分。)
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11． Write at least 60 words on the given situation（根据以下情境写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。）
石砖和雕像的经历告诉我们，不同的选择会带来不同的结果。生活中，我们也会碰到很多选择。请以 “I chose to ________”为题，结合自身的经历，说说你是怎么做的？你为什么会做出这样的选择？
The following is for reference only
●choose to be / do
●make up my mind
●encourage me to
（注意：1. 短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名等个人信息，否则不予评分。 2. 照抄阅读语篇不得分。)
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12． Write at least 60 words on the topic “In three years’ time” （以“三年以后”为题写一遍不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。）
你是否想象过，三年以后你的生活或者周围的世界会发生产怎样的变化？你对三年以后的自己周围的世界有怎样的期待？你能为此做些什么？
（注意：短文中不得出现任何校名、人名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分。）
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13． Write a passage of at least 60 words about the topic “A valuable lesson” (请以“宝贵的一课”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
提示：在学习与生活中，我们会因为经历了一些事情，获得体验，增加阅历，吸取教训。请以“宝贵的一课”为题，结合你的经历，谈谈你的感受。
注意：
抄袭试卷中内容不得分。
文中不得出现任何姓名、校名以及其它相关信息，否则不予评分。
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14． Mr. Smith 用特殊的方式给他的学生上了“精彩一课”。你的老师一定也以他/她独特的方式给你留下过深刻的印象。他/她或许组织过精彩的活动，他/她或许讲述过精彩的故事，他/她或许……
请以” A wonderful lesson（精彩一课）” 为题，记录老师给你上过的精彩一课。
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15． Write at least 60 words about the topic “The ________ I want to recommend”（请以“我想推荐________”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。）
在你的日常生活中，肯定有很多给你留下了深刻的印象，如观看过一部电影，阅读过一本书，欣赏过一个表演。请你从以上三个方面选取其中一个内容，向你的朋友作推荐,并说明推荐理由。
（注意：文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。）
The ________ I want to recommend
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16． Write at least 60 words on the topic “I tried my best to__________” (以“我尽全力________了 ”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符合不占格。)
在你的学习和成长过程中肯定都有一段为实现自己某个目标而竭尽全力的经历，请你补全题目，介绍自己的某次拼搏过程并谈谈自己的收获和感悟。
注意：
1.在答题纸上将题目补充完整。
2.短文中不得出现真实人名、校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分。
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17． Idols can serve as important role models in our lives, so it’s very important to choose the right ones. We should celebrate people who teach us important values that can help guide us on the road ahead. Write at least 60 words on the topic “The importance of choosing the right idol”（偶像是我们生活中重要的榜样, 所以选择一个正确的偶像相当重要。我们应该称赞那些能教会我们正确价值观, 引领我们前行的人。请你结合自身或他人的经历谈谈选择正确偶像的重要性。以“选择正确偶像的重要性”为题, 写一篇不少于 60 个词的短文）。
（ 注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息, 否则不予评分。标点符号不占格）
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18． Write at least 60 words on the given situation(根据以下情景写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
Michael Morpurgo 认为当小学老师是他一生最快乐的时光之一。每个人的成长过程中都会有一些快乐时光，或长或短。请以“The happiest days of my life” 为题，分享你的经历和感受。
（注意：1. 短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名等个人信息，否则不予评分）2. 照抄阅读语篇不得分。
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19． Write at least 60 words on the topic “Keep your mind open”.(以“敞开心扉/心胸开阔”为题, 写一篇至少 60 个单词的短文, 标点符号不占格)..
在生活中, 你对你的生活满意吗 不满意的话, 是什么原因呢 如果我们能以开阔的胸怀面对不同的事物, 从不同的角度去思考问题, 可能会得到意想不到的收获。结合自身经历, 谈一谈你是如何做到心胸开阔、乐于接受各种顺势逆境的。
(注意：短文中不得出现考生姓名、校名及其它相关信息, 否则不予评分。)
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20． Write at least 60 words about the topic _________ made me a better person. (请以“……使我成为更好的自己”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
生活中往往有许多人或事帮助我们成为更好的自己。也许是曾经的某一次经历或某个人使我们发现了自己的潜力与天赋；使我们由依赖到独立，敢于选择、敢于承担责任；使我们勇于面对未知，尝试新经验，主动做出改变。请补全标题并结合过去的真实经历，谈一谈什么促使你成为更好的自己，你又在哪些方面做出了改变。
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开心不能用钱买
原因
即使穷人也有开心
取得成就
帮助别人
父母，朋友关爱
发现开心方法
Happiness can't be bought with money.
Main reasons
A poor person who gets lots of love is always happy
Solutions
What’s more…. It's cheerful to make progress and get good marks.
Although I don't have much money, I still have a happy life because I have parents who always take care of me, friends who always help me and teachers who always encourage me.
Help others
Warm-hearted, optimistic
Be ready to help others/be only too pleased to help others
为班级能做什么
Organize colorful and varied after-activities /enrich our school life/
Help to relax/meet students’ needs
Study group/ catch up with others/
help those in trouble
