专题九 形容词、副词和数词 习题1
一、填空
1. It's generally believed that teaching is __________much an art as it is a science.
2. John is recognized to be _____ (rely) and hardworking, so you can rely on him.
3. Our clothes are lightweight, _____ (fashion), and practical for holidays.
4. It is (essence) that your diet is varied and balanced.
5. After we cleaned up the dormitory, it looked ________ (tidy) than before.
6. They went to Toronto because they wanted to visit the _______ (large) Chinatown there.
7. If you want to speak English ________ sound more natural, keep practicing.
8. _________ (fortunate), I won't be able to attend the meeting.
9. He had promised his mother he wouldn't watch TV plays, but he was _______ (exact) doing that last night.
10. We should keep the children physically and _______ (mental) healthy.
11. You must work much _________ (fast), or the task won't be accomplished.
12. His first book is of great use for our course. But his latest one is ________ (well) worth reading.
13. Due to his efforts, he made more than three _____ (million) yuan last year.
14. Indonesia, with over 261 million people, is the _________ (four) most populous country in the world.
15. The world's wildlife population has suffered a devastating loss of almost three ____________ (five) since 1970.
二、阅读
16.
Exciting Adventure Options to Choose From!
BIRD WALK(Any time of year )-Join us for a private bird walk through our sanctuary(保护区). The Bent's grasslands, trees and woods provide great habitat(栖息地)for birds moving from one place to another, such as Warblers, Vireos, Indigo Buntings, Thrushes, Orioles, and more. This walk will be made to the members in your party.
Suitable for ages 5 and up
Program Fee: $150
NATURE HIKE(Any time of year)-Take a private hike with Bent of the River! Your personal guide will show you notable habitats and wildlife around the center trails. Nature is exciting and always changing, so you never know what we will find along the way! This program is ideal for people who want to enjoy beautiful scenery while hiking.
Suitable for ages 8 and up
Program Fee: $150
POMPERAUG RIVER EXPLORATION(June and July only)-Many fascinating creatures live in and around the Pomperaug River! During this recreational(休闲的)program, an Audubon naturalist will share the human and natural history of the river and teach you how to catch fish and animals. The Bent will supply you with necessary tools, such as nets, containers, and field guides. Once the animals are caught, we will observe and identify(确定身份)them and learn how they can help show the health of the river before we put them back to the wild.
Suitable for ages 8 and up
Program Fee: $150
OWL PROWL(January and February only)-Enjoy a special guided adventure in search of one of the most beloved groups of birds-owls(猫头鹰)! We will be prowling for owls on a walk through the grassland and forests in hopes of seeing one of the three owl species known to live in Connecticut: the Great-horned Owl, Barred Owl, or Eastern Screech-Owl.
Evening event
Suitable for ages 10 and up
Program Fee: $225
1. Which of the programs is suitable for the Browns with a girl of five years old
A. BIRD WALK. B. NATURE HIKE.
C. POMPERAUG RIVER EXPLORATION. D. OWL PROWL.
2. What will you do with the fish you catch in POMPERAUG RIVER EXPLORATION
A. Find out their health. B. Do a scientific research.
C. Cook them as food on the table. D. Set them free back to the river.
3. Whom is this text written for
A. Students. B. Teachers. C. Scientists. D. Adventurers.
17. Studies have shown most people fail to realise how much time they spend on their smartphones each day.
Frank and Amelia's family were put to a test, using a free app called "Moment-screen Time Tracker". The Vascellaros—Frank, Amelia,14-year-old twins Frankie and Joe, and 17-year-old Sam—all said they did not really know they were spending so much time on their phones each day.
"Honestly, I don't feel like I'm on my phone a lot," Amelia Vascellaro said. Amelia was on her phone far less often than Frank, according to the app. While Amelia spent about an hour per day on the phone, Frank spent close to four hours on his phone — which came as a shock to him. The children's times varied but they often spent more than a couple of hours on the phone as well.
Minneapolis-based Dr Kirsten Lind Seal sees phone usage come up a lot among families. Lind Seal said many family members' phone use has become problematic(产生问题的).
"If we hear more than once, 'Do you have to be on your phone right now Can you please put your phone down Did you hear what I said ' it may be a sign that it is negatively influencing our family relationships and our daily lives," she said.
Lind Seal said actually paying attention to how much time one spends on the phone is a good first step in deciding when to put it down.
She asks parents to encourage more face-to-face communication for teens and young adults as they continue developing their social and emotional(情感的) skills. "What we find is that we are really losing out on empathy—the ability to understand other people's feelings and problems—when we spend a lot of time on our smartphones to communicate with other people," she said.
1. How did the families tested by the app feel about the test results
A. Satisfied. B. Doubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Astonished.
2. Why did Lind Seal mention the three questions in Para. 5
A. To encourage people to live a simple life.
B. To explain the signs of problematic phone use.
C. To show the importance of close relationships.
D. To ask people if they use phones too much.
3. What did Lind Seal want to convey (传达) in the last paragraph
A. We should make more face-to-face communication.
B. We can understand each other better using smartphones.
C. Our ability of empathy is strengthened by smartphones.
D. Smartphone usage improves the teens' emotional skills.
4. Where is this text most likely from
A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A novel. D. A magazine.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：as
解析：在同级比较as...as句式中,如果as后面的形容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前有不定冠词时,该冠词要置于形容词之后,即形成"as+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+as"结构。
2.答案：reliable
解析：考查形容词。句意：约翰被认为是可信赖的并且工作努力的，所以你可以依靠他。根据句子意思和结构可知，此空需要"rely"的形容词 reliable和" hardworking"并列做"be"后面的表语。故填 reliable。
3.答案：fashionable
解析：分析句子结构可知，空格处应该用形容词，和前面后面的单词并列， fashion是名词，其形容词形式是fashionable，意为"时尚的"。故填fashionable。
4.答案：essential
解析：考查形容词。句意：你的饮食必须多样化和均衡。分析句子结构可知，be动词后要用形容词作表语，故填 essential。
5.答案：tidier
解析： tidy"整洁的",形容词, 根据than"比"可知, 两者比较,用比较级tidier"更整洁的", 故答案为:tidier。
6.答案：largest
解析： 句意：他们去多伦多是因为他们想参观那里最大的唐人街。根据前面的the可知，所填的词要用形容词最高级形式。
7.答案：fluently
解析：副词fluently修饰动词speαk, 故填fluently。
8.答案： Unfortunately
解析：句意: 很遗憾我不能参加这次会议。副词Unfortunately位于句首做状语。
9.答案：exactly
解析：考查副词。句意：他答应过他母亲他不看电视剧，但他昨晚确实做到了。此处用副词修饰谓语动词was doing，exactly"确实地，恰好"，故填exactly。
10.答案：mentally
解析：本题主要考查副词。结合句意，我们应该保持孩子们的身心健康。healthy 为形容词，需要使用副词修饰，因此应填 mental 的副词 mentally，意为"精神上，智力上"。故正确答案为 mentally。
11.答案：faster
解析：考查副词的比较等级。句意为:你必须快点干,否则就完不成任务了。根据句意及空格前的"much"可知,此处应用副词fast的比较级。故填faster。
12.答案：better
解析： 句意：他的第一本书对我们的课程很有用，但他最新出版的书更值得一读。根据语境判断，句中暗含His first book与his latest one之间的比较，故空格处用well的比较级better。
13.答案：million
解析：考查数词。句意:由于他的努力,他去年赚了三百多万元。million前有具体数字时,应用单数形式。
14.答案：fourth
解析：考査序数词。句意:有超过2.61亿人的印度尼西亚是世界第四人口大国。根据空前的定冠词the判断应填序数词。
15.答案：fifths
解析：考查数词中分数的表达法。分析句子可知,此处是指"五分之三"。英语中,分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词,且当分子大于一时,分母要用复数形式。
二、阅读
16.答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.D
解析：1.细节理解题。根据表格第一栏
BIRD WALK(Any time of year)-Join us for a private bird walk through our sanctuary(保护
区).-Suitable for ages 5 and up.BIRD WALK(一年中的任何时候)--加入我们,在我们的保护区进行私人鸟类漫步--适合5岁及以上人士。可知,有一个5岁小女孩的布朗一家可以前往BIRD WALK,那是最合适的地方,故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据表格第三栏Once the animals are caught,we will observe and identify(确定身份) them and learn how they can help show the health of the river before we put them back to the wild.一旦动物被捕获,我们将观察并确定身份。在我们把它们放归野外之前,先了解它们如何帮助展示河流的健康状况。可知,当我们在POMPERAUG RIVER EXPLORATION捕到鱼以后,要将其放生,故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据文章标题Exciting Adventure Options to Choose From!激动人心的冒险选择!可知,本文主要向读者介绍了一些冒险活动,适合喜欢冒险的人,故选D。
17.答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.A; 4.D
解析：1.推断题。根据 families 定位到文章第二段第二句 The Vascellaros — Frank, Amelia, 14-year-old twins Frankie and Joe, and 17-year-old Sam all said they did not really know they were spending so much time on their phones each day. 可知,Vascellaros一家,Frank、Amelia、14岁的双胞胎 Frankie、Joe 和17岁的 Sam 都说他们并不知道自己每天花这么多时间在手机上。由此可推断 Vasccllaro 一家对这个测试结果感到惊讶。D项意为"惊讶的",符合文意。A项意为"满意的",B项意为"怀疑的",C项意为"不感兴趣的",均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。
2.推断题。根据 the three questions in Para 5 定位到文章第五段最后一句中 it may be a sign that it is negatively influencing our family relationships and our daily lives 可知,当听到这三个问题的时候,这可能是一个信号,它正在负面影响我们的家庭关系和我们的日常生活。由此可推断,Lind Seal 所提到的三个问题是在告诉我们这种信号。B项意为"解释手机使用带来问题的信号",符合文意。A项意为"鼓励人们过简单的生活",C项意为"显示亲密关系的重要性",D项意为"询问人们是否过度使用手机",均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
3.细节题。根据文章最后一段第一句 She asks parents to encourage more face-to-face communication for teens and young adults as they continue developing their social and emotional skills. 可知,她要求父母鼓励青少年和年轻人在继续发展他们的社交和情感技能时,进行更多面对面的交流。故正确答案为A。
4.推断题。文章主要是讲述的研究人们在手机上花的时间多,进而鼓励人们应该更多地面对面交流。由此可推断,文章最可能来自杂志,D项意为"一本杂志",符合文意。A项意为"一篇日记",B项意为"一本指南",C项意为"一本小说",均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。专题九 形容词、副词和数词 习题2
一、填空
1. The child crying out was ___________ (fright) to death by the violent thunderstorm.
2. Basketball is an interesting sport, but it's also physically ___________ (demand).
3. The teacher confused Tom by asking many ________ (confuse) questions.
4. The runners felt much _______ (good) after they ate some food and had some rest.
5. She is one of the ________ (inspiring) teachers I've ever met.
6. You can look through the ________ (late) news around the world on your mobile phone.
7. When a baby koala is born, it will be no______ (big) than a bee.
8. They listened with great interest, and then ____________ (enthusiastic) joined in grand conversations about Harry's adventures.
9. She found it ________ (extreme) difficult to get a job.
10. He was ________ (obvious) drunk.
11. Things are not so bad as they seem. There is always someone (badly) off than you.
12. This novel was once the ___________ (wide) read book in high schools in the United States.
13. Hawking became world-famous in his ____________ (thirty) in the 1970s.
14. Penicillin is arguably the greatest medical discovery of the _____________ (twenty) century.
15. In the summer holiday following my __________ (eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons.
二、阅读
16. In May this year, as part of our 150th anniversary, we asked readers aged between 18 and 25 to enter an essay competition. The task was to tell us, in no more than 1, 000 words, what scientific advance they would most like to see in their lifetimes, and why it mattered to them.
The response was phenomenal: we received 661 entries. Some entrants hoped that science would make their lifetimes much longer than they can currently expect. Many looked forward to work that will end climate change. Others wanted to see advances in our understanding of human history, crop growth, space exploration, and medical technologies. The ideas were inspiring.
The winner is a compelling essay by Yasmin Ali, a PhD student at the University of Nottingham, UK. Ali submitted a piece on Beethoven, her brother's hearing loss and the science which she hoped would one day cure it. It stood out to the judges as a reminder of why many scientists do research: to make the world better tomorrow than it is today.
All essays were judged by a group of Nature editors. The top ten submissions were then ranked by three members of a separate judging group: Magdalena Skipper, editor-in-chief of Nature; Faith Osier, a researcher; and Jess Wade, a physicist. All submissions were kept anonymous throughout the process.
We also selected two runners-up(非冠军的获奖者). Physicist Robert Schittko at Harvard University in Cambridge. Massachusetts, proposes that nuclear fusion(核聚变)could offer a solution to the climate crisis, in a piece that effortlessly mixes grand ambition with gentle humour. And chemist Matthew Zajac at the University of Chicago in Illinois wrote a powerful personal account of why he wants to see advances in the field of same-sex reproduction.
The results show that today's young scientists have a wealth of ideas, talent and conviction that research can transform their world. We look forward to seeing what they do next.
1. What's the essay competition about
A. The scientific expectation.
B. The fantastic scientific ideas.
C. The dreams of future life.
D. The celebration of anniversary.
2. Why Yasmin Ali was chosen the winner
A. She showed great talent in music.
B. She found the cure for the loss of hearing.
C. She appealed for people to care about hearing loss problem.
D. She reminded people to remember the meaning of science development.
3. What can we learn about the result of the essay competition
A. Robert Schittko won the second place.
B. There were two winners in the essay competition.
C. Matthew Zajac presented his view of same-sex reproduction.
D. The two runners-up were selected for the same field they chose.
4. What is the author's attitude to the competitors' ideas about science expectations
A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Impossible. D. Ignorant.
17. As artificial intelligence(AI) systems become more advanced, we can expect them to be used more often in the world of human medicine and healthcare. AI is designed to imitate(模仿)the human brain in decision making and learning, so with the computing power to learn tasks in days or even hours, it is possible to create medical AIs that rapidly outperform doctors in certain tasks.
Data plays a hugely important role in helping AI systems learn about human medicine. AI systems are trained on large data sets gathered from real-life cases. Providing detailed patient information in quantities is a crucial factor for their success.
One of the most important areas for influencing global health is in the field of epidemiology(流行病学). Predicting disease outbreaks can save millions of lives by having resources ready should the worst happen. Startup AIME has successfully combined public health data with machine learning and AI to create a prediction engine capable of anticipating epidemics months in advance with great accuracy.
Another field where medical AIs are making rapid advances is in diagnostics(诊断学). Doctors base a lot of decisions on information from X-ray, CT and MRI images. Speeding up diagnoses from patient scans can rapidly improve patient care and puter vision AIs use pattern recognition to work through these images with incredible speed and accuracy. They have been able to outperform junior doctors and even senior specialists in some tests.
Cardiologist(心脏科医生)Rima Arnaout developed an AI that beat human experts at correctly interpreting echocardiograms(超声心动图)by 92 percent to 79 percent. She said that despite the result there is no prospect of AI replacing human doctors any time soon. "As cardiologists, we read the images and then go to see the patient," she said. "So we're both reading images and practicing medicine. I don't think that the second piece will be taken over so quickly."
The acceptance of AI in medicine will continue to gather pace in the future as it becomes more widespread.
1. What played a big role in helping AI systems know of human medicine
A. Certain tasks. B. Large data. C. The skill to imitate. D. The increasing demand.
2. Why is Startup AIME mentioned in paragraph 3
A. To illustrate predicting disease is possible.
B. To call on doctors to focus on public health data.
C. To prove it's a successful company in global health.
D. To let readers realize the importance of early success.
3. What do we know about computer vision AIs
A. They do better than doctors in some tests.
B. They speed up diagnoses from patient scans.
C. They can rapidly improve patients' conditions.
D. They analyze information from X-ray, CT and MRI images.
4. What do Rima Arnaout's words in paragraph 5 imply
A. AIs are not so smart as human doctors.
B. It's not easy for AIs to take the place of human doctors.
C. A cooperation between AIs and human doctors is a must.
D. Human doctors are playing a big role in practicing medicine.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：frightened
解析： 考查翻译填空。害怕：frightened. 如: She was frightened of flying.她害怕坐飞机。
2.答案：demanding
解析： be动词后接形容词作表语；现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征。故填：demanding.
3.答案：confusing
解析： 这个老师提了许多令人费解的问题，把汤姆难住了。修饰questions，应填confusing。
4.答案：better
解析： 考查形容词比较级。句意：跑步者在吃了一些食物和休息后感觉好多了。根据句意和句中"much"可知，句子应用比较级，将跑步者吃食物之后的状态和之前的状态进行对比，"good"意为"好的"，形容词词性，比较级为" better"，意为"更好的"。故填 better。
5.答案：most inspiring
解析：考查形容词最高级。句意:她是我所见过的最能鼓舞人心的老师之一。由空后I've ever met可知此处用形容词最高级。故填most inspiring。
6.答案：latest
解析： 句意：你可以在手机上浏览世界各地的最新消息。latest最新的。
7.答案：bigger
解析： 答案：bigger.根据句中than,要用形容词比较级．故填bigger.
8.答案：enthusiastically
解析： 句意表示他们饶有兴趣地听着, 然后满腔热情地加入了有关哈利历险的大谈话, 根据句意这里表示满腔热情地加入, 这里要用副词修饰动词joined, 故用副词enthusiastically表示"满腔热情地"符合句意, 根据句意故填enthusiastically。
9.答案：extremely
解析： 考查词性转换。句意：她发现找工作极其困难。修饰形容词 difficult用副词，故填extremely。
10.答案：obviously
解析：副词 obviously修饰动词drunk。故填：obviously。
11.答案：worse
解析：考查副词比较级。句意:事情并不像看上去的那么糟。总有比你更惨的人。分析可知,之后的than决定应用比较级形式, badly比较级为worse。故填worse。
12.答案：most widely
解析：句意为:这部小说一度是美国高中里阅读最广泛的书。根据设空处前的定冠词及空后的in high schools in the United Slates可知,应用最高级most widely来修饰过去分词read,故填most widely。
13.答案：thirties
解析：考査数词。"in one's +整十的基数词复数"为固定用法。故空处填thirties。
14.答案：twentieth
解析：表示"20世纪"要用序数词twentieth,基数词twenty变为序数词时的形式需要特别记忆。
15.答案：eighteenth
解析：句意:在我18岁生日之后的暑假,我学了驾驶课程。表示"18岁生日"应用序数词eighteenth。
二、阅读
16.答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"The task was to tell us, in no more than1,000 words, what scientific advance they would most like to see in their lifetimes, and why it mattered to then."可知征文是关于对科学的展望。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"It stood out to the judges as a reminder of... than it is today."可知她获胜的原因是提醒人们科学研究的目的是为了让世界更美好。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段中的"And chemist Matthew Zajac at the University of Chicago in Illinois wrote a powerful personal account of why he wants to see advances in the field of same-sex reproduction."可知。
4.观点态度题。根据最后一段"The results show that today s young scientists have a wealth of idea n that research can transform their world. We look forward to seeing what they do next"可推知
17.答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.A; 4.B
解析：1.题干意思是"什么在帮助人工智能系统了解人类医学方面发挥了重要作用",A选项是"某些任务";B选项是"大数据";C选项是"模仿的技巧";D选项是"不断增加的需求"。由第二段第一句Data plays a hugely important role in helping AI systems learn about human medicine.(数据在帮助人工智能系统了解人类医学方面发挥着极其重要的作用。)可知B选项符合题意。故此题答案为B。
2.题干意思是"作者为什么在第三段中提到初创公司AIME",A选项的意思是"来说明预测疾病是可能的";B选项的意思是"呼吁医生关注公共卫生数据";C选项的意思是"证明它在全球健康方面是一家成功的公司";D选项的意思是"让读者认识到早期成功的重要性"。由第三段第三句Start-up AIME has successfully combined public health data with machine learning and AIs to create a prediction engine capable of anticipating epidemics months in advance with great accuracy.(初创公司AIME已经成功将公共卫生数据与机器学习及人工智能相结合,创建了一个能够提前几个月准确预测流行病的预测引擎。)可知提到初创公司AIME是为了说明预测疾病是可能的,A选项符合题意。故此题答案为A。
3.题干意思是"关于人工智能计算机视觉,我们了解什么",A选项的意思是"在某些测试中,它们比医生做得更好";B选项的意思是"它们加快了特殊患者的诊断速度";C选项的意思是"它们可以迅速改善患者的状况";D选项的意思是"它们分析来自X射线图像、CT图像和核磁共振图像的信息"。由第四段第四句和第五句Computer vision AIs use pattern recognition to work through these images with incredible speed and accuracy. They have been able to outperform junior doctors and even senior specialists in some tests.(人工智能计算机视觉使用模式识别,以惊人的速度和准确性处理这些图像。在某些测试中,它们的表现已经超越了初级医生甚至高级专家。)可知A选项符合题意。故此题答案为A。
4.题干意思是"第五段中Rima Arnaout的话暗示着什么",A选项的意思是"人工智能比人类医生聪明得多";C选项的意思是"人工智能与人类医生之间的一场合作是必须的";B选项的意思是"对人工智能来说取代人类医生不容易";D选项的意思是"人类医生在行医方面发挥着重要作用"。由第五段第二句She said that despite the result there is no prospect of AIs replacing human doctors any time soon.(她说,尽管结果如此,但人工智能不可能很快取代人类医生。)可知B选项符合题意。故此题答案为B。(共96张PPT)
新教材新高考
2022届高考二轮复习课件通
专题九
形容词、副词和数词
一、形容词
1. 形容词的句法功能
功能 例句
定语 These are valuable suggestions. 这些是宝贵的建议。
He is the happiest person alive. 他是世上最快乐的人。
（alive、alike、alone等表语形容词作后置定语）
That is the best book available. 那是可用的最好的一本书。
（以-able或-ble结尾的形容词可作前有形容词最高级或the only等修饰的名词的后置定语）
表语 His suggestions are very helpful. 他的建议很有帮助。
Her voice sounds sweet. 她的嗓音听起来很甜。
补语 I consider his suggestions very useful. 我认为他的建议很有用。
状语 He returned home, safe and sound. 他回到了家，安然无恙。（结果状语）
He is standing there, full of fear. 他站在那里，充满了恐惧。（伴随状语）
一、形容词
2. 常见的形容词后缀
后缀 意义 例词
-ful 充满……的；有……性质（或倾向）的 useful 有用的；successful 成功的
-y 多……的 healthy 健康的；wealthy 富有的
-ly 以……方式；具有……性质 friendly 友好的；brotherly 情同手足的
-able/ -ible 能……的，可以……的 valuable 有价值的；possible 可能的
-ant/ -ent 是……的；处于……状态 important 重要的；frequent 频繁的
-ous 有……性质的 dangerous 危险的；glorious 光荣的
-ish 有……性质的；像……似的 childish 孩子气的；foolish 愚蠢的
-less 无……的，没有……的 harmless 无害的；helpless 无助的
一、形容词
2. 常见的形容词后缀
后缀 意义 例词
-ary/ -ory 与……有关的 imaginary 想象的；contradictory矛盾的
-al 与……有关的；表示过程或状态 cultural 文化的；natural 自然的
-ic 与……有关的；动作……（或行为）的 historic 历史上的；heroic 英雄的
-tive 有……倾向的；有……属性的 effective 有效的；constructive 建设性的
-(e)d 有……的；以……为特征的 limited 有限的；pointed 尖的
-like 像……的 childlike 孩子般的；dreamlike 如梦般的
-some 引起（或易于）……的 troublesome 引起麻烦的；tiresome 令人厌恶的
-ar 带有……属性的 regular 规则的；circular 圆的
一、形容词
3. 形容词的构词方法
构成方式 例词
形容词＋名词＋-ed good-tempered 好脾气的；noble-minded 高尚的
形容词＋现在分词 good-looking 长得好看的；easy-going 容易相处的
副词＋现在分词 hard-working 努力工作的；far-reaching（影响）深远的
名词＋过去分词 heart-felt 衷心的；state-owned 国有的
名词＋现在分词 peace-loving 爱好和平的；epoch-making 划时代的
副词＋过去分词 well-known 著名的；widespread 分布广泛的
形容词＋过去分词 kind-hearted 好心肠的；ready-made 做好的，现成的
名词＋形容词 self-confident 自信的；self-satisfied 自我满足的；自负的
一、形容词
4. 形容词的位置
（1）一般情况下，形容词作定语时，放在被修饰词之前，形容词短语作定语时，要放在被修饰词之后
例：It didn't make use of long muscles we used to throw a baseball, and it wasn't a smooth operation like ice-skating.
它并没有利用我们投掷棒球时使用的长肌，也不像滑冰那样平稳运转。
一、形容词
4. 形容词的位置
（2）形容词一般作前置定语，但在下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词后面
① 形容词作定语修饰由some-, any-, every-, no-和-body, -thing, -one等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置
例：There is nobody absent today.
今天没有人缺席。
一、形容词
4. 形容词的位置
② 一些表语形容词作定语时，常放在被修饰词的后面，如alive, alike, awake, asleep, alone等
例：On the American continents, Canada and Argentina alone have succeeded.
在美洲大陆，只有加拿大和阿根廷取得了成功。
③ 成对的形容词可以后置
例：There was a huge room, simple and beautiful.
有一个大房间，简单且漂亮。
一、形容词
4. 形容词的位置
④ 当“形容词＋不定式”构成的短语作定语时，需后置
例：A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with.
一个如此难以取悦的人一定很难共事。
⑤ 当含有old, long, high, wide, deep等词的数量词短语作定语时，需后置
例：At that time she was only a girl five years old.
那时，她只是一个5岁的小女孩。
练习
1. My good performance in the job interview left me _______________ (optimism) about my future and about what I can do here.
解析：句意：我在求职面试中的优异表现让我对我的未来和在这里可以做的工作感到乐观。考查形容词。(be) optimistic about为固定短语，表示“对……感到乐观”，形容词optimistic表示“乐观的”，在句中作宾语补足语。
optimistic
练习
2. What was so _______________ (impress) about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.
解析：句意：Jasmine Westland的胜利给人留下如此深刻的印象是因为她光着脚在马拉松比赛中获得了第一名。系动词be后需用形容词作表语。故用impressive，表示“给人留下深刻印象的”。
impressive
练习
3. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a ______________ (tolerate) smile and let him go.
解析：句意：她没有责备打破花瓶的孩子，而是宽容地对他笑了笑，然后让他走了。修饰名词smile需用形容词，故答案为tolerant，表示“宽容的，容忍的”。
tolerant
练习
4. Learning signals of respect in various ___________ (culture) backgrounds can help you avoid misunderstanding.
解析：句意：了解在各种文化背景里表示尊重的信号可以帮助你们避免误解。backgrounds为名词，由此可知设空处需用形容词作定语，故填cultural，表示“文化的”。
cultural
练习
5. On one very ________________ (danger) part of the path, Ian fell three meters off the side of the path.
解析：句意：在一段非常危险的路段，伊恩摔倒在距路边3米的地方。设空处后为名词，由此可知设空处应为形容词作定语，故填dangerous，表示“危险的”。
dangerous
二、副词
1. 副词的句法功能
功能 例句
状语 修饰动词 He works hard. 他努力工作。(hard修饰动词works)
修饰形容词 He is very smart. 他很聪明。(very 修饰形容词smart)
修饰副词 He does very well in English. 他很擅长英语。(very修饰副词well)
修饰句子 Happily for him, his stepmother was kind to him.
令他高兴的是，他的继母对他很好。(Happily修饰整个句子)
表语 The light is still on. 灯还亮着。
I have never been away from home. 我从来没离开过家。
定语 Fill in the form below. 填写下面的表格。
补语 Keep the coat on if you feel cold. 如果你感觉冷就穿上这件大衣。
二、副词
2. 副词的分类
分类 例词
时间副词 soon, now, early, finally, once, recently
地点副词 here, nearby, outside, upwards, above
方式副词 hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really
程度副词 almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather
频度副词 always, often, frequently, seldom, never
疑问副词 how, where, when, why
连接副词 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile
关系副词 when, where, why
二、副词
3. 常见的副词后缀
后缀 意义 例词
-ly 以……方式 gracefully, happily, boldly, extremely, strangely
-wise 以……方式/ 方向 clockwise
-ward 向……方向 forward, outward, backward, eastward
二、副词
4. 形容词变副词的规则
情况 构成 例词
一般情况 加-ly quick—quickly, brave—bravely
辅音字母加-y结尾 变y为i再加-ly easy—easily, happy—happily, heavy—heavily
le结尾 去e加-y simple—simply, gentle—gently
元音字母加-e结尾 去e加-ly true—truly, due—duly
ll结尾 只加-y full—fully, dull—dully
ic结尾 加-ally basic—basically, scientific—scientifically
二、副词
5. 副词的位置
（1）时间副词
① 表示不确定时间的副词放在实意动词之前，须放在助动词、情态动词、be之后
例：She usually gets up at six every morning.
她每天早上通常6点钟起床。
She is always late for school.
她上学总是迟到。
二、副词
5. 副词的位置
（1）时间副词
② 时间副词修饰及物动词时，放在及物动词之前或宾语之后（若宾语很长，则副词放在动、宾之间）
例：All this morning he has been writing carefully some letters to his friends.
整个一个上午他都在认真地给他的一些朋友写信。
二、副词
5. 副词的位置
（2）地点副词
① 通常放在句末
② 若句中同时有地点副词和时间副词，则先地点副词后时间副词
例：We'll meet there tomorrow.
我们明天将在那里见面。
二、副词
5. 副词的位置
（3）方式副词
修饰不及物动词时要放在被修饰动词之后；修饰及物动词时要放在被修饰的动词之前或宾语之后
例：She spoke angrily. 她生气的说话。
He talked about his success proudly.
他自豪地谈起他的成功。
I firmly believe that he will win the debate.
我坚信他会在这场辩论中取胜。
二、副词
5. 副词的位置
（4）程度副词
① 修饰动词时，放在实意动词之前，放在第一个助动词、情态动词、be之后
例：I don't wholly agree with you.
我并不完全赞同你。
二、副词
5. 副词的位置
（4）程度副词
② 修饰形容词、副词时，放在所修饰的形容词、副词之前
例：He works a little harder now.
他现在更加用功一点了。
注意：enough除外，须放在所修饰的形容词、副词之后
例：He's old enough to go to school.
他到了上学的年纪了。
二、副词
5. 副词的位置
（5）频度副词
放在实意动词之前，须放在第一个助动词、情态动词、be之后
例：She almost forgot about the whole thing.
她几乎忘记了整个事情。
I've (I have) never been there.
我从来没有去过那里。
练习
1. Nowadays, players use _______________ (special) developed rackets and a lightweight, hollow ball.
解析：句意：现在，选手们使用特制的球拍和轻量的空心球。设空处需用副词修饰developed，故填specially，表示“特别地”。
specially
练习
2. We want to ride on the wave of Wuzhen's _________________ (increase) hot tourism and improve our brand's fame and sales.
解析：句意：我们想借着乌镇旅游业越来越热的势头提高我们品牌的知名度和销量。设空处需用副词修饰hot，故填increasingly，表示“逐渐地”。
increasingly
练习
3. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I __________ (polite) declined her invitation, closed my book and walked away.
解析：句意：那绝对不是个吸引人的主意，因此我礼貌地回绝了她的邀请，合上了书并走开了。设空处需用副词修饰declined，故填politely，表示“礼貌地”。
politely
练习
4. Beginning several days before Christmas, most schools have a two-week winter break. Students can relax, go on vacation and, most _________________ (important), enjoy the holiday.
解析：句意：大多数学校从圣诞节前几天开始放为期两周的寒假。学生们可以放松、去度假，最重要的是享受假期。设空处需用副词作状语，故填importantly，表示“重要地”。
importantly
练习
5. ________________ (thank), I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
解析：句意：庆幸的是，我设法完成了比赛，其中的辛苦是值得的。设空处位于句首，需用副词修饰整个句子，故填Thankfully，表示“幸亏，庆幸地”。
Thankfully
1. 肯定句中“as＋形容词/副词原级＋as…”结构
例：My handwriting is as beautiful as yours.
我的书法和你的一样好。
John works as hard as his brother.
约翰和他哥哥一样努力工作。
三、形容词、副词原级的基本用法
2. 否定句中用“not as/ so＋形容词/副词原级＋as…”结构
例：It does not rain as/ so much here as it does in my hometown.
这儿下雨不如我的家乡下雨多。
I am not as/ so busy as I used to be.
我没有过去那么忙了。
三、形容词、副词原级的基本用法
3. as＋形容词原级＋as＋数量词 ＝ 数量词＋形容词
例：The building is as tall as 100 meters.
=The building is 100 meters tall.
这个建筑有100米高。
三、形容词、副词原级的基本用法
4. as＋形容词原级＋a/ an＋单数名词＋as
as＋many＋复数名词＋as
as＋much＋不可数名词＋as
例：John doesn't have as much money as Helen.
约翰没有海伦有钱。
三、形容词、副词原级的基本用法
5. 貌似原级比较结构的短语
as long as 只要，有……之久
as far as 远及……，就……而言
as soon as 一……就
as well as 也
as good as (=very nearly) 与……几乎一样；简直是
三、形容词、副词原级的基本用法
练习
1. Let's walk. It's just as __________ (quick) as taking the bus.
解析：句意：咱们走路去吧，这和坐公共汽车去一样快。as…as…结构为同级比较，设空处需用原级形式，as quick as 表示“和……一样快”。
quick
练习
2. At the sight of the snake, she as __________ as cried.
解析：句意：看到蛇，她几乎哭了出来。as…as…结构为同级比较，as good as = very nearly，表示“与……几乎一样；简直是”。
good
1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
（1）一般单音节词和少数以-er, -ow 结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est
① 单音节词
例：small—smaller—smallest；short—shorter—shortest
② 双音节词
例：clever—cleverer—cleverest；narrow—narrower—narrowest
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
（2） 以不发音的字母e结尾的单音节词，比较级在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st
例：large—larger—largest；nice—nicer—nicest；able—abler—ablest
（3） 重读闭音节（辅元辅）先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est
例：big— bigger—biggest；fat—fatter—fattest
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
（4）辅音字母＋-y结尾的双音节词，把y改为i比较级加-er，最高级加-est
例：easy—easier—easiest；heavy—heavier—heaviest；busy—busier—busiest
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
（5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加 most
例：beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful；different—more different—most different；
popular—more popular—most popular
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
注意：
① 词尾为“元音字母＋-y”时，-y不变，直接加-er或-est
② 在形容词原级之前加 less, least 而构成的比较级与最高级称为“较低级”与“最低级”形式
例：kind—less kind—least kind；useful—less useful—least useful
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
注意：
③ 有少数几个双音节词以及以-er及-le结尾的词，可以有两种比较级和最高级形式
例：common—commoner/ more common—commonest/ most common
clever—cleverer/ more clever—cleverest/ most clever
simple—simpler/ more simple—simplest/ most simple
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
注意：④ 一些复合形容词的比较等级
例：well-known—better-known—best-known
⑤ 有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，故没有比较级和最高级
例：right 正确的；wrong 错误的；excellent 最好的；final 最后的；last 最后的；possible 可能的；first 第一的；empty空的；wooden 木制的；impossible 不可能的
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
（6）不规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
例：good/ well—better—best；badly/ bad/ ill—worse—worst
many/ much—more—most；little—less—least
far—farther/ further —farthest/ furthest
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
farther 指距离：更远的/地，
further 指距离：更远的/地，等同于farther；
指程度：更深入的/地
farthest 指距离：最远的/地，
furthest 指距离：最远的/地，等同于farthest；
指程度：最深入的/地
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
old—older/ elder—oldest/ eldest
older 指年龄、新旧：较老的、较旧的；
指血缘：年纪较长的，此时等同于elder
elder 指血缘：年纪较长的
oldest 指年龄、新旧：最老的、最旧的；
指血缘：最年长的，此时等同于 eldest
eldest 指血缘：最年长的
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
2. 形容词、副词比较级的基本用法
（1）“比较级＋than”表示两者差级比较
例：The new computer runs much faster than that old one.
这台新电脑运行得比那台旧电脑快得多。
He made fewer mistakes than you.
他出的错比你少。
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
2. 形容词、副词比较级的基本用法
（2）less＋多音节形容词、副词原级＋than（不如）
例：This book is less interesting than that one.
这本书不如那本书有趣。
（3）the＋比较级＋of… 表示“两者中更……的”
例：He is the taller of the 2 boys.
他是那两个男孩中较高的。
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
2. 形容词、副词比较级的基本用法
（4）比较级＋and＋比较级
这种句式用来表示自身情况的逐渐增长，意为“越来越……”
例：The computer is cheaper and cheaper.
电脑越来越便宜了。
He ran faster and faster on the last lap.
他在最后一圈时跑得越来越快。
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
2. 形容词、副词比较级的基本用法
（5）the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……
这种句式用于表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行增长，意为“越……（就）越……”
例：The shorter your article is, the better it is.
你的文章越短越好。
The more I thought, the more puzzled I felt.
我越想越不明白。
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
2. 形容词、副词比较级的基本用法
（6）“no＋比较级＋than…”与“not＋比较级＋than…”
“no＋比较级＋than…”意为“两者都不”，是对相比较的两者的共同否定
“not＋比较级＋than…”意为“……不比……更……”，表示相比较的两者情况相当
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
2. 形容词、副词比较级的基本用法
例：I speak French no better than him.
我和他的法语说得都不好。
I run not faster than you.
我不比你跑得快。
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
2. 形容词、副词比较级的基本用法
注意：
（1）比较级修饰语常见的有：
rather, much, still, even, far, any, a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit, three times等
例：The students study even harder than before.
学生们学习比以前更努力了。
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
2. 形容词、副词比较级的基本用法
注意：
（2）比较的对象不能相互包容，常见的句型是：
比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词
比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋anyone else
比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
2. 形容词、副词比较级的基本用法
例：The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States.
密西西比河比美国任何其他一条河都长。
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。
China is larger than any country in Africa.
中国比非洲任何国家都大。
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
练习
1. You'd be exposed to a lot __________ (little) pollution if you moved to a town with pure air and water.
解析：句意：如果你搬到空气清新、水质纯净的小镇去，你遭受到的污染将会少很多。设空处前的a lot修饰比较级，故填less，表示“更少的”。
less
练习
2. The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.
-Why It's far ______________________ (interesting) than the films I have ever since.
解析：句意：——我得说，这部电影一点都不令人感兴趣。——为什么？这可比我看过的电影有趣得多。根据than可知需用interesting的比较级，故填more interesting，表示“更有趣的”。
more interesting
练习
3. Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life __________ (easy) and more efficient, have reduced the need for face-to-face communication.
解析：句意：电脑和手机，虽然它们确实使我们的生活更容易和更有效率，但已经减少了面对面交流的需要。根据后面more efficient可知此处需用比较级，故填easier，表示“更容易的”。
easier
3. 形容词、副词最高级的基本用法
（1）(the＋) 最高级＋(among) / of all＋(同类)
(the＋) 最高级＋in＋范围等(不同类)
例：Li Ming is the most hard-working student in his class.
李明是他班里最努力的学生。
Of all the subjects, I like art best.
在所有的课程中，我最喜欢美术。
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
3. 形容词、副词最高级的基本用法
（2）否定词＋比较级＝最高级
例：He has never spent a more worrying day. 他过了最令人担心的一天。
（3）修饰最高级的有：
序数词, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like等
例：The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河最长的。
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
练习
1. It is one of the ___________________ (amaze) TV shows from an artistic point of view.
解析：句意：从艺术的角度看，这是最惊人的电视节目之一。TV shows为名词，由此可推知设空处需用形容词作定语，此处为“one of＋the＋形容词最高级+名词复数”结构，故填最高级most amazing，表示“最惊人的”。
most amazing
练习
2. Raymond's parents wanted him to have the __________ (good) education.
解析：句意：Raymond的父母想让他接受最好的教育。education为名词，序数词修饰最高级，设空处需用形容词最高级，故填best，表示“最好的”。
best
练习
3. As the world's __________ (long) sea-based project, the 55-kilometre bridge is the result of five years of research and another nine years of building.
解析：句意：作为世界上最长的海基工程，这座55公里的桥梁是5年的研究和另外9年修建的结果。project为名词，设空处需用形容词，根据句意可知此处使用最高级，故填longest，表示“最长的”。
longest
4. 表示倍数的句型
（1）A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
（2）A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
（3）A is＋倍数＋the＋名词 (size, length, height等)＋of＋B
（4）A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
（5）A is＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
4. 表示倍数的句型
例：他的收入是她的三倍。
He earns twice more than her.
He earns three times as much as her.
He earns three times the money that she does.
The money he earns is three times that of hers.
He earns three times what she does.
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1. 基数词：
（1）构成：
五、数词
1-12单独记 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13-19词尾加teen thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20-90逢十词尾为ty thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21-99十位与个位之间加连字符 73 seventy-three, 67 sixty-seven
101-999 朗读时，先读百，再加and，后读几十几。
1000以上每三位用逗号计数 267,(billion)35,(million)740,(thousand)229
1. 基数词：
（2） 用法
① 做主语：Two of them are students.
② 做表语：Two and two is four.
③ 做定语：They bought two books.
④ 做同位语：We two received the invitation.
⑤ 做介词宾语：The number of the students here is beyond 400.
五、数词
1. 基数词：
（3）基数词特殊用法：
① 使用中关注dozen，score，fortnight，hundred，thousand，million 和billion
② 当dozen，score，hundred，thousand，million和billion修饰一个确切数量的名词时，这些词一不加s，二后面不跟介词of，但是当这些词修饰一个不确切
五、数词
1. 基数词：
（3）基数词特殊用法：
数量的名词时，这些词后面既要加s，后面又要跟介词of
例：five hundred people（five表示精确数量）
hundreds of people（hundreds of “成百上千”是不确切数量，hundred要加s 后面要跟of）
五、数词
1. 基数词：
（3）基数词特殊用法：
③ 当dozen，score，hundred，thousand，million和billion修饰一个确切数量的名词，名词前面有指示代词this，that，these，those等时，这些词后面要跟介词of，这些词不加s
例：I have got 200 hundred of this kind of books.
我有200本这种类型的书。
He bought 50 of those apples. 他买了50个这样的苹果。
五、数词
1. 基数词：
（3）基数词特殊用法：
④ 基数词可以用下列这两种形式表示在某人几十岁和在世纪年代
in his thirties在他三十多岁的时候（把整十的数词变成复数形式表示“在某人几十岁时”）
in the 1980's/ in the 1980s在二十世纪八十年代
（在整十的年代数词后面加s或加's。前面加定冠词the表示“在……世纪……年代”）
五、数词
练习
1. He became a professor in his __________ (forty).
解析：句意：他在四十多岁时成为了教授。基数词把整十的数变成复数形式表示“在某人几十岁”时，故填forties，表示“在他四十多岁时”。
forties
练习
2. There are ______________ (hundred) of people in the hall.
解析：句意：大厅里有数以百计的人。hundreds of “成百上千”是不确切数量，hundred要加s 后面要跟of，故填hundreds，表示“数百的”。
hundreds
2. 序数词
（1）构成
① 1，2，3要单独记first，second，third
② 4以后在基数词尾加-th，特别要注意加-th时，有些基数词的词形需要改变
例：five-fifth，nine-ninth，twelve-twelfth，thirty-thirtieth
五、数词
2. 序数词
（2）句法功能
序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语与状语
例：The first is better than the second.
第一个比第二个要好。（作主语）
She chose the second.
她选择了第二个。（作宾语）
The second term begins in January.
五、数词
2. 序数词
（2）句法功能
第二学期从一月份开始。（作定语）
I am the third in our class.
我是我们班的第三名。（作表语）
John, the first, is here.
约翰第一个到了这里。（作同位语）
I finished the work first.
我最先完成那项工作。（作状语）
五、数词
2. 序数词
（3）用法
序数词在句子中一般作定语，并且在序数词前面要加定冠词the
例：He is always the first student to come to school.
他总是第一个到校的学生。
五、数词
2. 序数词
（3）用法
不用加定冠词 the 的情况
① 当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时
例：It is my first job in my life.
这是我人生中的第一份工作。
Anne is Mr. Brown's second child.
安妮是布朗先生的第二个孩子。
五、数词
2. 序数词
（3）用法
不用加定冠词 the 的情况
② 当作为分母表示分数时
例：Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen.
氧气只占空气的1/5。
About two-thirds of the students attend the meeting.
大约2/3的学生都参加了会议。
五、数词
2. 序数词
（3）用法
不用加定冠词 the 的情况
③ 当表示“再一，又一”时 (可加不定冠词)
例：Please give me a second chance.
请再给我一次机会。
They have a second home in China.
他们在中国还有一个家。
五、数词
2. 序数词
（3）用法
不用加定冠词 the 的情况
④ 当表示“年月日”时
例：He was born on January 8th, 1942.
他出生于1942年1月8日。
五、数词
2. 序数词
（3）用法
不用加定冠词 the 的情况
⑤ 当序数词在句中作状语时
例：Who got there second
谁第二个到那儿的？
五、数词
2. 序数词
（3）用法
不用加定冠词 the 的情况
⑥ 当表示在考试或比赛中获得的名次时
例：He came second in the competition.
他在竞赛中获得了第二名。
五、数词
练习
1. In order to find a better job, he decided to study a __________ (two) foreign language.
解析：句意：为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。“a+序数词”表示“又一，再一”，故填序数词second。
second
练习
2. Take the __________ (one) turn to the right and then the second turn to the left and you'll get there.
解析：句意：在第一个转弯处向右转，然后在第二个转弯处向左转就到了。定冠词the修饰序数词，故填序数词形式first。
first
3. 分数、小数、百分数
（1）分数：
① 分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式；分母若是2和4, 则分别用 half 和 quarter
例：1/2 : one half, a half
1/3 : one third, a third
2/3 : two thirds, two-thirds
五、数词
3. 分数、小数、百分数
（1）分数：
② 基数词与序数词之间可加“-”，也可不加分子与分母之间加in，分子在前，分母在后，分子和分母都用基数词
例：one in ten 十分之一；five in eight 八分之五
五、数词
3. 分数、小数、百分数
（1）分数：
③ 分子与分母之间加out of，分子在前，分母在后，分子和分母都用基数词
例：one out of ten 十分之一；five out of eight 八分之五
五、数词
3. 分数、小数、百分数
（1）分数：
④ “分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与 of 后名词的数保持一致
例：About one third of the books are worth reading.
大约三分之一的书值得一读。
五、数词
3. 分数、小数、百分数
（2）小数
表示法：
小数点读point
零读作 zero或o
小数点前的数字按基数词读，小数点后的数字按单个数字依次读出
例：9. 65读为nine point six five；
53. 16读为fifty-three point one six
五、数词
3. 分数、小数、百分数
（3）百分数
① 表示百分数时，直接将基数词放在单词 percent 前面
例：twenty percent 百分之二十；
fifty-two percent 百分之五十二
五、数词
3. 分数、小数、百分数
（3）百分数
② 百分数与分数一样，后面不能直接接名词或代词作主语，而用以下形式：
百分数＋of＋限定词＋名词/ 代词，其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致
例：Two thirds of the money was spent on food.
三分之二的钱被用来买食物。
五、数词
练习
1. Two __________ (three) of the swampland has been reclaimed for farming.
解析：句意：三分之二的沼泽地已经开垦为农田了。分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式，故填thirds，two thirds表示“三分之二”。
thirds
练习
2. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, "one __________ (five) of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge."
解析：句意：这所学校的校长Peter Spence告诉我们：“这里的五分之一学生会到牛津大学和剑桥大学继续去学习。”，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式，故填fifth，one fifth 表示“五分之一”。
fifth专题九 形容词、副词和数词 讲义
一、形容词
1. 形容词的句法功能
功能 例句
定语 These are valuable suggestions. 这些是宝贵的建议。
He is the happiest person alive. 他是世上最快乐的人。 （alive、alike、alone等表语形容词作后置定语） That is the best book available. 那是可用的最好的一本书。 （以-able或-ble结尾的形容词可作前有形容词最高级或the only等修饰的名词的后置定语）
表语 His suggestions are very helpful. 他的建议很有帮助。 Her voice sounds sweet. 她的嗓音听起来很甜。
补语 I consider his suggestions very useful. 我认为他的建议很有用。
状语 He returned home, safe and sound. 他回到了家，安然无恙。（结果状语） He is standing there, full of fear. 他站在那里，充满了恐惧。（伴随状语）
2. 常见的形容词后缀
后缀 意义 例词
-ful 充满……的；有……性质（或倾向）的 useful 有用的；successful 成功的
-y 多……的 healthy 健康的；wealthy 富有的
-ly 以……方式；具有……性质 friendly 友好的；brotherly 情同手足的
-able/ -ible 能……的，可以……的 valuable 有价值的；possible 可能的
-ant/ -ent 是……的；处于……状态 important 重要的；frequent 频繁的
-ous 有……性质的 dangerous 危险的；glorious 光荣的
-ish 有……性质的；像……似的 childish 孩子气的；foolish 愚蠢的
-less 无……的，没有……的 harmless 无害的；helpless 无助的
-ary/ -ory 与……有关的 imaginary 想象的；contradictory矛盾的
-al 与……有关的；表示过程或状态 cultural 文化的；natural 自然的
-ic 与……有关的；动作……（或行为）的 historic 历史上的；heroic 英雄的
-tive 有……倾向的；有……属性的 effective 有效的；constructive 建设性的
-(e)d 有……的；以……为特征的 limited 有限的；pointed 尖的
-like 像……的 childlike 孩子般的；dreamlike 如梦般的
-some 引起（或易于）……的 troublesome 引起麻烦的；tiresome 令人厌恶的
-ar 带有……属性的 regular 规则的；circular 圆的
3. 形容词的构词方法
构成方式 例词
形容词＋名词＋-ed good-tempered 好脾气的；noble-minded 高尚的
形容词＋现在分词 good-looking 长得好看的；easy-going 容易相处的
副词＋现在分词 hard-working 努力工作的；far-reaching（影响）深远的
名词＋过去分词 heart-felt 衷心的；state-owned 国有的
名词＋现在分词 peace-loving 爱好和平的；epoch-making 划时代的
副词＋过去分词 well-known 著名的；widespread 分布广泛的
形容词＋过去分词 kind-hearted 好心肠的；ready-made 做好的，现成的
名词＋形容词 self-confident 自信的；self-satisfied 自我满足的；自负的
4. 形容词的位置
（1）一般情况下，形容词作定语时，放在被修饰词之前，形容词短语作定语时，要放在被修饰词之后
例：It didn't make use of long muscles we used to throw a baseball, and it wasn't a smooth operation like ice-skating.
它并没有利用我们投掷棒球时使用的长肌，也不像滑冰那样平稳运转。
（2）形容词一般作前置定语，但在下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词后面
① 形容词作定语修饰由some-, any-, every-, no-和-body, -thing, -one等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置
例：There is nobody absent today.
今天没有人缺席。
② 一些表语形容词作定语时，常放在被修饰词的后面，如alive, alike, awake, asleep, alone等
例：On the American continents, Canada and Argentina alone have succeeded.
在美洲大陆，只有加拿大和阿根廷取得了成功。
③ 成对的形容词可以后置
例：There was a huge room, simple and beautiful.
有一个大房间，简单且漂亮。
④ 当“形容词＋不定式”构成的短语作定语时，需后置
例：A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with.
一个如此难以取悦的人一定很难共事。
⑤ 当含有old, long, high, wide, deep等词的数量词短语作定语时，需后置
例：At that time she was only a girl five years old.
那时，她只是一个5岁的小女孩。
练习：
1. My good performance in the job interview left me ___________ (optimism) about my future and about what I can do here.
2. What was so ___________ (impress) about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.
3. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a ___________ (tolerate) smile and let him go.
4. Learning signals of respect in various ___________ (culture) backgrounds can help you avoid misunderstanding.
5. On one very ___________ (danger) part of the path, Ian fell three meters off the side of the path.
答案
1. 答案：optimistic
解析：句意：我在求职面试中的优异表现让我对我的未来和在这里可以做的工作感到乐观。考查形容词。(be) optimistic about为固定短语，表示“对……感到乐观”，形容词optimistic表示“乐观的”，在句中作宾语补足语。
2. 答案：impressive
解析：句意：Jasmine Westland的胜利给人留下如此深刻的印象是因为她光着脚在马拉松比赛中获得了第一名。系动词be后需用形容词作表语。故用impressive，表示“给人留下深刻印象的”。
3. 答案：tolerant
解析：句意：她没有责备打破花瓶的孩子，而是宽容地对他笑了笑，然后让他走了。修饰名词smile需用形容词，故答案为tolerant，表示“宽容的，容忍的”。
4. 答案：cultural
解析：句意：了解在各种文化背景里表示尊重的信号可以帮助你们避免误解。backgrounds为名词，由此可知设空处需用形容词作定语，故填cultural，表示“文化的”。
5. 答案：dangerous
解析：句意：在一段非常危险的路段，伊恩摔倒在距路边3米的地方。设空处后为名词，由此可知设空处应为形容词作定语，故填dangerous，表示“危险的”。
二、副词
1. 副词的句法功能
功能 例句
状语 修饰动词 He works hard. 他努力工作。(hard修饰动词works)
修饰形容词 He is very smart. 他很聪明。(very 修饰形容词smart)
修饰副词 He does very well in English. 他很擅长英语。(very修饰副词well)
修饰句子 Happily for him, his stepmother was kind to him. 令他高兴的是，他的继母对他很好。(Happily修饰整个句子)
表语 The light is still on. 灯还亮着。 I have never been away from home. 我从来没离开过家。
定语 Fill in the form below. 填写下面的表格。
补语 Keep the coat on if you feel cold. 如果你感觉冷就穿上这件大衣。
2. 副词的分类
分类 例词
时间副词 soon, now, early, finally, once, recently
地点副词 here, nearby, outside, upwards, above
方式副词 hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really
程度副词 almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather
频度副词 always, often, frequently, seldom, never
疑问副词 how, where, when, why
连接副词 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile
关系副词 when, where, why
3. 常见的副词后缀
后缀 意义 例词
-ly 以……方式 gracefully, happily, boldly, extremely, strangely
-wise 以……方式/ 方向 clockwise
-ward 向……方向 forward, outward, backward, eastward
4. 形容词变副词的规则
情况 构成 例词
一般情况 加-ly quick—quickly, brave—bravely
辅音字母加-y结尾 变y为i再加-ly easy—easily, happy—happily, heavy—heavily
le结尾 去e加-y simple—simply, gentle—gently
元音字母加-e结尾 去e加-ly true—truly, due—duly
ll结尾 只加-y full—fully, dull—dully
ic结尾 加-ally basic—basically, scientific—scientifically
5. 副词的位置
（1）时间副词
① 表示不确定时间的副词放在实意动词之前，须放在助动词、情态动词、be之后
例：She usually gets up at six every morning.
她每天早上通常6点钟起床。
She is always late for school.
她上学总是迟到。
② 时间副词修饰及物动词时，放在及物动词之前或宾语之后（若宾语很长，则副词放在动、宾之间）
例：All this morning he has been writing carefully some letters to his friends.
整个一个上午他都在认真地给他的一些朋友写信。
（2）地点副词
① 通常放在句末
② 若句中同时有地点副词和时间副词，则先地点副词后时间副词
例：We'll meet there tomorrow.
我们明天将在那里见面。
（3）方式副词
修饰不及物动词时要放在被修饰动词之后；修饰及物动词时要放在被修饰的动词之前或宾语之后
例：She spoke angrily.
她生气的说话。
He talked about his success proudly.
他自豪地谈起他的成功。
I firmly believe that he will win the debate.
我坚信他会在这场辩论中取胜。
（4）程度副词
① 修饰动词时，放在实意动词之前，放在第一个助动词、情态动词、be之后
例：I don't wholly agree with you.
我并不完全赞同你。
② 修饰形容词、副词时，放在所修饰的形容词、副词之前
例：He works a little harder now.
他现在更加用功一点了。
注意：enough除外，须放在所修饰的形容词、副词之后
例：He's old enough to go to school.
他到了上学的年纪了。
（5）频度副词
放在实意动词之前，须放在第一个助动词、情态动词、be之后
例：She almost forgot about the whole thing.
她几乎忘记了整个事情。
I've (I have) never been there.
我从来没有去过那里。
练习：
1. Nowadays, players use __________ (special) developed rackets and a lightweight, hollow ball.
2. We want to ride on the wave of Wuzhen's __________ (increase) hot tourism and improve our brand's fame and sales.
3. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I __________ (polite) declined her invitation, closed my book and walked away.
4. Beginning several days before Christmas, most schools have a two-week winter break. Students can relax, go on vacation and, most __________ (important), enjoy the holiday.
5. __________ (thank), I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
答案
1. 答案：specially
解析：句意：现在，选手们使用特制的球拍和轻量的空心球。设空处需用副词修饰developed，故填specially，表示“特别地”。
2. 答案：increasingly
解析：句意：我们想借着乌镇旅游业越来越热的势头提高我们品牌的知名度和销量。设空处需用副词修饰hot，故填increasingly，表示“逐渐地”。
3. 答案：politely
解析：句意：那绝对不是个吸引人的主意，因此我礼貌地回绝了她的邀请，合上了书并走开了。设空处需用副词修饰declined，故填politely，表示“礼貌地”。
4. 答案：importantly
解析：句意：大多数学校从圣诞节前几天开始放为期两周的寒假。学生们可以放松、去度假，最重要的是享受假期。设空处需用副词作状语，故填importantly，表示“重要地”。
5. 答案：Thankfully
解析：句意：庆幸的是，我设法完成了比赛，其中的辛苦是值得的。设空处位于句首，需用副词修饰整个句子，故填Thankfully，表示“幸亏，庆幸地”。
三、形容词、副词原级的基本用法
1. 肯定句中“as＋形容词/副词原级＋as…”结构
例：My handwriting is as beautiful as yours.
我的书法和你的一样好。
John works as hard as his brother.
约翰和他哥哥一样努力工作。
2. 否定句中用“not as/ so＋形容词/副词原级＋as…”结构
例：It does not rain as/ so much here as it does in my hometown.
这儿下雨不如我的家乡下雨多。
I am not as/ so busy as I used to be.
我没有过去那么忙了。
3. as＋形容词原级＋as＋数量词 ＝ 数量词＋形容词
例：The building is as tall as 100 meters. =The building is 100 meters tall.
这个建筑有100米高。
4. as＋形容词原级＋a/ an＋单数名词＋as
as＋many＋复数名词＋as
as＋much＋不可数名词＋as
例：John doesn't have as much money as Helen.
约翰没有海伦有钱。
5. 貌似原级比较结构的短语
as long as 只要，有……之久
as far as 远及……，就……而言
as soon as 一……就
as well as 也
as good as (=very nearly) 与……几乎一样；简直是
练习：
1. Let's walk. It's just as __________ (quick) as taking the bus.
2. At the sight of the snake, she as __________ as cried.
答案
1. 答案：quick
解析：句意：咱们走路去吧，这和坐公共汽车去一样快。as…as…结构为同级比较，设空处需用原级形式，as quick as 表示“和……一样快”。
2. 答案：good
解析：句意：看到蛇，她几乎哭了出来。as…as…结构为同级比较，as good as = very nearly，表示“与……几乎一样；简直是”。
四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
（1）一般单音节词和少数以-er, -ow 结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est
① 单音节词
例：small—smaller—smallest；short—shorter—shortest
② 双音节词
例：clever—cleverer—cleverest；narrow—narrower—narrowest
（2） 以不发音的字母e结尾的单音节词，比较级在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st
例：large—larger—largest；nice—nicer—nicest；able—abler—ablest
（3） 重读闭音节（辅元辅）先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est
例：big— bigger—biggest；fat—fatter—fattest
（4）辅音字母＋-y结尾的双音节词，把y改为i比较级加-er，最高级加-est
例：easy—easier—easiest；heavy—heavier—heaviest；busy—busier—busiest
（5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加 most
例：beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful；different—more different—most different；
popular—more popular—most popular
注意：
① 词尾为“元音字母＋-y”时，-y不变，直接加-er或-est
② 在形容词原级之前加 less, least 而构成的比较级与最高级称为“较低级”与“最低级”形式
例：kind—less kind—least kind；useful—less useful—least useful
③ 有少数几个双音节词以及以-er及-le结尾的词，可以有两种比较级和最高级形式
例：common—commoner/ more common—commonest/ most common
clever—cleverer/ more clever—cleverest/ most clever
simple—simpler/ more simple—simplest/ most simple
④ 一些复合形容词的比较等级
例：well-known—better-known—best-known
⑤ 有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，故没有比较级和最高级
例：right 正确的；wrong 错误的；excellent 最好的；final 最后的；last 最后的；
possible 可能的；first 第一的；empty空的；wooden 木制的；impossible 不可能的
（6）不规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
例：good/ well—better—best；badly/ bad/ ill—worse—worst
many/ much—more—most；little—less—least
far—farther/ further —farthest/ furthest
farther 指距离：更远的/地，
further 指距离：更远的/地，等同于farther；指程度：更深入的/地
farthest 指距离：最远的/地，
furthest 指距离：最远的/地，等同于farthest；指程度：最深入的/地
old—older/ elder—oldest/ eldest
older 指年龄、新旧：较老的、较旧的；指血缘：年纪较长的，此时等同于elder
elder 指血缘：年纪较长的
oldest 指年龄、新旧：最老的、最旧的；指血缘：最年长的，此时等同于 eldest
eldest 指血缘：最年长的
2. 形容词、副词比较级的基本用法
（1）“比较级＋than”表示两者差级比较
例：The new computer runs much faster than that old one.
这台新电脑运行得比那台旧电脑快得多。
He made fewer mistakes than you.
他出的错比你少。
（2）less＋多音节形容词、副词原级＋than（不如）
例：This book is less interesting than that one.
这本书不如那本书有趣。
（3）the＋比较级＋of… 表示“两者中更……的”
例：He is the taller of the 2 boys.
他是那两个男孩中较高的。
（4）比较级＋and＋比较级
这种句式用来表示自身情况的逐渐增长，意为“越来越……”
例：The computer is cheaper and cheaper.
电脑越来越便宜了。
He ran faster and faster on the last lap.
他在最后一圈时跑得越来越快。
（5）the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……
这种句式用于表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行增长，意为“越……（就）越……”
例：The shorter your article is, the better it is.
你的文章越短越好。
The more I thought, the more puzzled I felt.
我越想越不明白。
（6）“no＋比较级＋than…”与“not＋比较级＋than…”
“no＋比较级＋than…”意为“两者都不”，是对相比较的两者的共同否定
“not＋比较级＋than…”意为“……不比……更……”，表示相比较的两者情况相当
例：I speak French no better than him.
我和他的法语说得都不好。
I run not faster than you.
我不比你跑得快。
注意：
（1）比较级修饰语常见的有：
rather, much, still, even, far, any, a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit, three times等
例：The students study even harder than before.
学生们学习比以前更努力了。
（2）比较的对象不能相互包容，常见的句型是：
比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词
比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋anyone else
比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词
例：The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States.
密西西比河比美国任何其他一条河都长。
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。
China is larger than any country in Africa.
中国比非洲任何国家都大。
练习：
1. You'd be exposed to a lot __________ (little) pollution if you moved to a town with pure air and water.
2. The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.
-Why It's far __________ (interesting) than the films I have ever since.
3. Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life __________ (easy) and more efficient, have reduced the need for face-to-face communication.
答案
1. 答案：less
解析：句意：如果你搬到空气清新、水质纯净的小镇去，你遭受到的污染将会少很多。设空处前的a lot修饰比较级，故填less，表示“更少的”。
2. 答案：more interesting
解析：句意：——我得说，这部电影一点都不令人感兴趣。——为什么？这可比我看过的电影有趣得多。根据than可知需用interesting的比较级，故填more interesting，表示“更有趣的”。
3. 答案：easier
解析：句意：电脑和手机，虽然它们确实使我们的生活更容易和更有效率，但已经减少了面对面交流的需要。根据后面more efficient可知此处需用比较级，故填easier，表示“更容易的”。
3. 形容词、副词最高级的基本用法
（1）(the＋) 最高级＋(among) / of all＋(同类)
(the＋) 最高级＋in＋范围等(不同类)
例：Li Ming is the most hard-working student in his class.
李明是他班里最努力的学生。
Of all the subjects, I like art best.
在所有的课程中，我最喜欢美术。
（2）否定词＋比较级＝最高级
例：He has never spent a more worrying day. 他过了最令人担心的一天。
（3）修饰最高级的有：
序数词, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like等
例：The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河最长的。
练习：
1. It is one of the __________ (amaze) TV shows from an artistic point of view.
2. Raymond's parents wanted him to have the __________ (good) education.
3. As the world's __________ (long) sea-based project, the 55-kilometre bridge is the result of five years of research and another nine years of building.
答案
1. 答案：most amazing
解析：句意：从艺术的角度看，这是最惊人的电视节目之一。TV shows为名词，由此可推知设空处需用形容词作定语，此处为“one of＋the＋形容词最高级+名词复数”结构，故填最高级most amazing，表示“最惊人的”。
2. 答案：best
解析：句意：Raymond的父母想让他接受最好的教育。education为名词，序数词修饰最高级，设空处需用形容词最高级，故填best，表示“最好的”。
3. 答案：longest
解析：句意：作为世界上最长的海基工程，这座55公里的桥梁是5年的研究和另外9年修建的结果。project为名词，设空处需用形容词，根据句意可知此处使用最高级，故填longest，表示“最长的”。
4. 表示倍数的句型
（1）A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
（2）A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
（3）A is＋倍数＋the＋名词 (size, length, height等)＋of＋B
（4）A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
（5）A is＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句
例：他的收入是她的三倍。
He earns twice more than her.
He earns three times as much as her.
He earns three times the money that she does.
The money he earns is three times that of hers.
He earns three times what she does.
五、数词
1. 基数词：
（1）构成：
1-12单独记 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13-19词尾加teen thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20-90逢十词尾为ty thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21-99十位与个位之间加连字符 73 seventy-three, 67 sixty-seven
101-999 朗读时，先读百，再加and，后读几十几。
1000以上每三位用逗号计数 267,(billion)35,(million)740,(thousand)229
（2） 用法
① 做主语：Two of them are students.
② 做表语：Two and two is four.
③ 做定语：They bought two books.
④ 做同位语：We two received the invitation.
⑤ 做介词宾语：The number of the students here is beyond 400.
（3）基数词特殊用法：
① 使用中关注dozen，score，fortnight，hundred，thousand，million 和billion
② 当dozen，score，hundred，thousand，million和billion修饰一个确切数量的名词时，这些词一不加s，二后面不跟介词of，但是当这些词修饰一个不确切数量的名词时，这些词后面既要加s，后面又要跟介词of
例：five hundred people（five表示精确数量）
hundreds of people（hundreds of “成百上千”是不确切数量，hundred要加s 后面要跟of）
③ 当dozen，score，hundred，thousand，million和billion修饰一个确切数量的名词，名词前面有指示代词this，that，these，those等时，这些词后面要跟介词of，这些词不加s
例：I have got 200 hundred of this kind of books.
我有200本这种类型的书。
He bought 50 of those apples.
他买了50个这样的苹果。
④ 基数词可以用下列这两种形式表示在某人几十岁和在世纪年代
in his thirties在他三十多岁的时候（把整十的数词变成复数形式表示“在某人几十岁时”）
in the 1980's/ in the 1980s在二十世纪八十年代
（在整十的年代数词后面加s或加's。前面加定冠词the表示“在……世纪……年代”）
练习：
1. He became a professor in his __________ (forty).
2. There are __________ (hundred) of people in the hall.
答案
1. 答案：forties
解析：句意：他在四十多岁时成为了教授。基数词把整十的数变成复数形式表示“在某人几十岁”时，故填forties，表示“在他四十多岁时”。
2. 答案：hundreds
解析：句意：大厅里有数以百计的人。hundreds of “成百上千”是不确切数量，hundred要加s 后面要跟of，故填hundreds，表示“数百的”。
2. 序数词
（1）构成
① 1，2，3要单独记first，second，third
② 4以后在基数词尾加-th，特别要注意加-th时，有些基数词的词形需要改变
例：five-fifth，nine-ninth，twelve-twelfth，thirty-thirtieth
（2）句法功能
序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语与状语
例：The first is better than the second.
第一个比第二个要好。（作主语）
She chose the second.
她选择了第二个。（作宾语）
The second term begins in January.
第二学期从一月份开始。（作定语）
I am the third in our class.
我是我们班的第三名。（作表语）
John, the first, is here.
约翰第一个到了这里。（作同位语）
I finished the work first.
我最先完成那项工作。（作状语）
（3）用法
序数词在句子中一般作定语，并且在序数词前面要加定冠词the
例：He is always the first student to come to school.
他总是第一个到校的学生。
不用加定冠词 the 的情况
① 当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时
例：It is my first job in my life.
这是我人生中的第一份工作。
Anne is Mr. Brown's second child.
安妮是布朗先生的第二个孩子。
② 当作为分母表示分数时
例：Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen.
氧气只占空气的1/5。
About two-thirds of the students attend the meeting.
大约2/3的学生都参加了会议。
③ 当表示“再一，又一”时 (可加不定冠词)
例：Please give me a second chance.
请再给我一次机会。
They have a second home in China.
他们在中国还有一个家。
④ 当表示“年月日”时
例：He was born on January 8th, 1942.
他出生于1942年1月8日。
⑤ 当序数词在句中作状语时
例：Who got there second
谁第二个到那儿的？
⑥ 当表示在考试或比赛中获得的名次时
例：He came second in the competition.
他在竞赛中获得了第二名。
练习：
1. In order to find a better job, he decided to study a __________ (two) foreign language.
2. Take the __________ (one) turn to the right and then the second turn to the left and you'll get there.
答案
1. 答案：second
解析：句意：为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。“a+序数词”表示“又一，再一”，故填序数词second。
2. 答案：first
解析：句意：在第一个转弯处向右转，然后在第二个转弯处向左转就到了。定冠词the修饰序数词，故填序数词形式first。
3. 分数、小数、百分数
（1）分数：
① 分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式；分母若是2和4, 则分别用 half 和 quarter
例：1/2 : one half, a half
1/3 : one third, a third
2/3 : two thirds, two-thirds
② 基数词与序数词之间可加“-”，也可不加分子与分母之间加in，分子在前，分母在后，分子和分母都用基数词
例：one in ten 十分之一；five in eight 八分之五
③ 分子与分母之间加out of，分子在前，分母在后，分子和分母都用基数词
例：one out of ten 十分之一；five out of eight 八分之五
④ “分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与 of 后名词的数保持一致
例：About one third of the books are worth reading.
大约三分之一的书值得一读。
（2）小数
表示法：
小数点读point
零读作 zero或o
小数点前的数字按基数词读，小数点后的数字按单个数字依次读出
例：9. 65读为nine point six five；53. 16读为fifty-three point one six
（3）百分数
① 表示百分数时，直接将基数词放在单词 percent 前面
例：twenty percent 百分之二十；fifty-two percent 百分之五十二
② 百分数与分数一样，后面不能直接接名词或代词作主语，而用以下形式：
百分数＋of＋限定词＋名词/ 代词，其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致
例：Two thirds of the money was spent on food.
三分之二的钱被用来买食物。
练习：
1. Two __________ (three) of the swampland has been reclaimed for farming.
2. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, "one __________ (five) of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge."
答案
1. 答案：thirds
解析：句意：三分之二的沼泽地已经开垦为农田了。分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式，故填thirds，two thirds表示“三分之二”。
2. 答案：fifth
解析：句意：这所学校的校长Peter Spence告诉我们：“这里的五分之一学生会到牛津大学和剑桥大学继续去学习。”，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式，故填fifth，one fifth 表示“五分之一”。
