中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Modules 9－12
词汇拓展
borrow v. 借入；借来→lend(反义词)借出；借给
properly adv.合适地；正确地→proper adj. 合适的；恰当的
connection n. 电话连接；计算机网络连接→connect v. 把……和……连接起来
mainly adv.大部分地；主要地→main adj. 主要的
develop v. 发展→development n. 发展；进步
magical adj. 神奇的；迷人的→magic n. 魔法
sheep n. 羊；绵羊→sheep pl.
high adj. 高的→height n. 高度；身高
centre n. 中心；中央→central adj. 中心的；在中间的
pollute v. 污染→pollution n. 污染
general adj. 整体的；普遍的→generally adv.一般地；普遍地
win v. 赢；获胜→winner n. 获胜者
recycle v. 回收利用，再使用(废品)→recycling n. 回收利用
difficulty n. 困难；困境→difficult adj. 困难的
hopeless adj. 无望的→ hopeful (反义词)有希望的→hope v. & n．希望
use v. 使用；利用→reuse v. 再次使用；重复利用→used adj. 使用过的；二手的
rapid adj. 快速的；迅速的→rapidly adv.快速地；迅速地
随堂练习
一．用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. We must not be afraid of ________(difficult)．
2. I said it in that way so as not to hurt his ________(feel)．
3. By the way, have you seen Lucy ________(recent)
4. Jim with his friends plays soccer ________(two) a week.
5. He was the only boy that was ________(choose) to join in the ball game last week.
【答案】 1. general 2. standards 3. feelings 4. difficulty 5. recently
二．用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Little Tommy spent most of his time playing computer games. So it's ________(hope) for him to pass the exam this time.
2. We are sad about the ________(pollute) of our beaches with rubbish.
3. You should do more and talk ________(little). Actions speak louder than words.
4. Listen, John. It's no use ________(live) in the past.
5. The future is hopeful if everyone thinks about pollution and ________(recycle)．
【答案】1. hopeless 2. pollution 3. less 4. living 5. recycling
二重点词组
thousands of 好几千；成千上万
look through快速阅读；浏览
by hand用手；靠手做
in a way从某一角度；从某一点上看；在某种程度上
compare…to…把……比作……
hear from sb.收到某人的来信
as a result作为结果；因此
a large amount of大量的
download…from…从……下载……
search for搜寻；查找
according to根据；按照；据……所说
keep sb./sth.away (使)避开；(使)不靠近
cut sth.off sth. 把某物从某物上剪掉
keep a diary写日记
brush sth.off sth.把某物从某物上刷掉
be surprised at…对……感到惊奇
be made of由……制成(看得出原材料)
be made from由……制成(看不出原材料)
be in with a chance有可能；有机会
read out朗读；宣读
compared with(与……)相比
even though即使；尽管
protect sth.against sth.保护……；使……不受
belong to属于
be pleased with对……感到满意
congratulations to sb.(on sth.)(因某事)向某人表示祝贺
by the end of到……结束时；到……时为止
throw away扔掉；丢弃
do with处理；对付
divide…into…把……分成……
be harmful to对……有害
change…into…把……变成……
take steps采取措施
34.clean up打扫(或清除)干净
随堂练习
完成句子
1.当你学习英语时,你应当记笔记。
You should when you learn English.
2.雪下得很大。那是他迟到的原因。
It is snowing heavily. he is late.
3.艾伦认为目前他们相处得不是很好。
Alan,they are not getting on very well at the moment.
4.我的妈妈讨厌看足球赛。
My mother the football matches.
5.昨天我们对这个消息大感意外。
We greatly the news yesterday.
【答案】1.keep a diary 3.That’s why 4.According to5.hates watching 6.were;surprised at
重点句型
They'll be put up on the school website.它们(照片)将被公布在学校的网站上。
Will books be replaced by the Internet？书会被因特网替代吗？
If you have to lend it to anyone，tell them to use it properly.如果你不得不把它借给别人，告诉他们要正确使用它。
In those days，books were only produced one at a time by hand.在那个年代，书是靠手工制作的，一次只能制作一本。
Knowledge and ideas spread faster than ever before.知识和思想的传播速度比以往的任何时候都要快。
Through the Internet，email allows us to communicate nearly instantly with people thousands of miles away.通过因特网，电子邮件使我们可以瞬间与千里之外的人们交流。
According to the local people，it's a special and magical place.当地人认为这是一个特殊而神奇的地方。
Australia has more beaches than any other country—more than 10，000！澳大利亚比其他任何一个国家拥有的海滩都要多，超过10 000个！
Bondi Beach is the most beautiful that I have ever seen.邦迪海滩是我曾见过的最美丽的海滩。
He's the boy who won the photo competition last year！他就是去年赢得摄影比赛的那个男生！
The photo which we liked best in the City and People group was taken by Zhao Min.“城市与人”这组照片中，我们最喜爱的是由赵敏拍摄的。
Though pollution is heavy now，I don't think it's hopeless.虽然现在的污染很严重，但我并不认为那没有希望。
Compared with other years，we received many more photos.与往年相比，我们收到了更多的(参赛)照片。
If the rivers are polluted，farmers can't use the water for their crops.如果河流被污染，农民将不能用水灌溉他们的庄稼。
Pollution is a danger to our health.污染对我们的身体健康构成威胁。
It's no use talking about things we can't do.谈论我们不能做的事情是没有用的。
Do you divide the waste into things to recycle and things to throw away？你们将废物分成要回收的和需丢弃的吗？
Although it takes energy to change things into something else，it is better than throwing things away or burning them.虽然把一种东西变成另一种东西会消耗能源，但是也比把它们扔掉或烧掉好。
知识拓展
1．borrow v. 借入；借来
【辨析】lend，borrow与keep
(1)lend表示“借出”。常用结构lend sb.sth.＝lend sth.to sb.意为“将某物借给某人”。如：
He lent me his pen.＝He lent his pen to me.他把他的钢笔借给了我。
(2)borrow表示“借进”，常用结构borrow…from…意为“从……借来……”。如：
He borrowed 100 yuan from his friend.他向朋友借了100块钱。
(3)keep表示“借”时，常和“for ＋ 一段时间”连用。如：
—How long could I keep your dictionary？你的字典我能借多长时间？
—Only for one week.只能借一周。
【即时训练】
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。
borrow, lend , keep
(1)—Can I your bike
—With pleasure.But you mustn't it to others.
(2)—Can I your dictionary
—Sure.But you can only it for three days.
【答案】borrow lend ， borrow keep
2．look through 快速阅读；浏览
【点拨】look through是一个动词短语，表示“快速阅读；浏览”。如：
Would you quickly look through the composition for me and see if there are any mistakes？你能帮我快速浏览一下这篇作文，看看有没有错误吗？
【拓展】look的其他常用搭配：
look after照顾 look for寻找
look at看一看 look out 当心
look over仔细检查
look up(在字典、参考书上)查阅；抬头看
【即时训练】
单项选择。
( )You should____________ the bill before you pay for it，or you may feel embarrassed.
A．look up B．look through
C．look for D．look after
【答案】B 你应该浏览你的账单
3．at a time每次；一次
【辨析】at a time，at one time 与at the time
这三个短语在外形上非常相似，只有一字之差，但含义却差别很大，在用法上也各有不同。
(1)at a time表示“每次；一次”，常用于“数词＋at a time”的结构中。如：
Please take two pills at a time.请一次服用两粒药丸。
(2)at one time表示“同时；曾经一度”，常用于过去时中。如：
At one time they were close friends，but now they are seldom together.他们曾经是形影不离的朋友，但是现在他们很少在一起。
(3)at the time表示“那时；在那段时间”，常用于过去时中。如：
He agreed at the time but later changed his mind.他当时同意了，但后来又改变了主意。
【即时训练】
根据汉语意思完成句子。
请一个一个地进来，不要一拥而入。
Please come in one ，not all together.
【答案】at a time
4．They'll be put up on the school website.它们(照片)将被公布在学校的网站上。
【点拨】此句中put up的意思是“张贴；公布”。如：
You can put up the notice on the noticeboard.你可以把通知贴在布告栏上。
【拓展】put up还有以下含义：
(1)举起；抬起 如：
Please put up your hand if you have any questions.如果你有任何问题，请举手。
(2)竖起；搭起 如：
They put up a tent by the river.他们在河边搭起了一顶帐篷。
【即时训练】
根据汉语意思完成句子。
你可以帮我把这幅图挂在墙上吗？
Would you please help me the picture on the wall
【答案】put up
5．Will books be replaced by the Internet？书籍将会被因特网取代吗？
【点拨】
(1)此句为一般将来时的被动语态的疑问结构。其构成形式为：“Will＋主语＋be＋动词的过去分词(＋其他)？”；肯定回答用“Yes，主语＋will.”；否定回答用“No，主语＋won't.”。如：
—Will more trees be planted in your home town？你的家乡将会种植更多的树木吗？
—Yes，it will.是的。/No，it won't.不，不是。
(2)replace意为“替换；取代”，相当于take the place of。如：
The computer will gradually replace the TV.＝The computer will gradually take the place of the TV.电脑将逐步取代电视。
【即时训练】
句型转换。
Mrs Wang will replace Mrs Li to attend the meeting this afternoon.(改为同义句)
Mrs Wang will Mrs Li to attend the meeting this afternoon.
【答案】take the place of
6．As a result，there were not many books，and they were expensive.因此，书籍数量不多，价格又贵。
【点拨】as a result意为“作为结果；因此”，通常单独使用。如：
As a result，he didn't pass the maths exam.结果，他没有通过数学考试。
【拓展】as a result of 意为“作为……的结果；由于……”，后接名词或名词性短语，表示原因。如：
She was late as a result of the snow.由于下雪，她迟到了。
【即时训练】
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。
as a result，as a result of
(1)How terrible the weather was！ _，all the flights were cancelled.
(2)All the flights were cancelled the terrible weather.
【答案】As a result ， as a result of
7．I have some photos that I took in Australia last year.我有一些去年在澳大利亚拍的照片。
The horse that I rode was lazy，…我骑的那匹马很懒，……
【点拨】以上两个句子中均包含了一个that 引导的定语从句，分别修饰先行词photos和horse。由此可见，that引导的定语从句既可以修饰无生命的事物，也可以修饰有生命的动物或人。that在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时that可以省略。如：
This is a new book (that) my father bought for me yesterday.这是我父亲昨天买给我的新书。(that作宾语，修饰物book)
The film that tells an adventure is very interesting.那部关于探险的电影非常有趣。(that作主语，修饰物film)
The writer (that)I like best is Mark Twain.我最喜欢的作家是马克·吐温。(that作宾语，修饰人writer)
【即时训练】
根据汉语意思完成句子。
一个月前我在花盆里播的种子已经发芽了。
The seeds in the flowerpot a month ago have sprouted.
【答案】that I planted
8.add v. 添加
【点拨】
(1)add用作及物动词时，表示“增加；添加”，常与介词to连用，构成“add…to…”的结构，意为“把……添加到……里”。如：
He added some water to the tea.他往茶里加了一些水。
(2)add还可以作不及物动词，表示“补充(说)；继续说”。如：
“And I expect your little sister will come too，”added she.她补充说道：“我希望你的小妹妹也能来。”
【即时训练】
根据汉语意思及提示词，翻译下列句子。
请在面包片上加一些奶酪和生菜。(add)
【答案】Please add some cheese and lettuce on the slice of bread.
9．divide v. 分开
【辨析】divide与separate
(1)divide意为“分割；分开”，强调把一个整体按等量或一定比例分开，它常与into连用，构成divide…into…的结构，意为“把……分成……”。如：
The exam is divided into two parts.考试分为两部分。
(2)separate意为“分离；隔开”，侧重表示把原来在一起或靠近的事物分割开来，分开后的部分具有相对的独立性。常与介词from连用，构成短语separate…from…，意为“把……与……分离或隔开”。如：
The children are separating good apples from bad apples.孩子们正在把好苹果与烂苹果分开。
【即时训练】
根据汉语意思完成句子。
(1)台湾海峡把台湾和福建隔开了。
The Taiwan Straits Taiwan Fujian.
(2)我把这些土豆分成了三组：大的、中等的、小的。
I the potatoes three groups：large，medium and small.
【答案】separates from ， divided into
10．even though即使；尽管
【辨析】even though 与even if
两者均是从属连词，都可以表示“即使；尽管”的含义，引导让步状语从句。通常情况下，两者可以互换使用。其区别在于：
(1)even though引导的从句内容往往是真实的，主要用于引出不利于主句情况的信息。如：
He went to school even though it was raining heavily.尽管下着大雨，他还是去了学校。
She is the best teacher even though she has the least teaching experience.即使她缺乏教学经验，但却是最好的老师。
(2)even if引导的从句往往还有假设性，相当于汉语的“纵然；就算；哪怕”的含义。如：
They will stand by you even if you don't succeed.纵然你不成功，他们也会支持你。
Even if it rains tomorrow，we won't change our plan.就算明天下雨，我们也不会改变计划。
【即时训练】
用even if或even though填空。
(1)We lost the game we tried our best.
(2)He wouldn't buy the flat he had the money.
【答案】even though ， even if
11．He's the boy who won the photo competition last year！他就是去年赢得摄影比赛的那个男生！
【点拨】这是一个主从复合句。其中，who引导的定语从句在句中作主语，修饰先行词boy。如果定语从句在句中作宾语，须将who换为其宾格形式whom。在口语和非正式文体中，whom也可用who代替，此时可以省略。如：
He is a kind hearted person who once helped me.他就是那位曾经帮助过我的好心人。(who作主语，不能省略)
I'm waiting for Miss Wang (whom) I want to talk with.我正在等王女士，我想和她谈一谈。(whom作宾语，可以省略)
【即时训练】
根据汉语意思完成句子。
每个去过上海的人都说它是一个现代化城市。
Everyone to Shanghai says it is a modern city.
【答案】who has been
12．It's no use talking about things we can't do.谈论我们不能做的事情是没有用的。(教材P96)
【点拨】It's no use doing sth.表示“做某事没有用处”。在此结构中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词 ing短语，放在句末。此句型还可以换为：There is no use doing sth.或It's useless doing sth.。如：
It's no use crying.
＝There is no use crying.
＝It's useless crying.哭是没有用的。
【拓展】it作形式主语的常见句型：
It's no good doing sth.做某事是没有益处的
It's a waster of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间的
It's great fun doing sth.做某事是有趣的
【即时训练】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
It is no use (live) in the past.We should look forward to the future.
【答案】living
13．And what do you do with the bottles when they are empty？当它们空的时候，你会如何处理这些瓶子呢？
【辨析】do with与deal with
两者均意为“处理；对付；处置”等，不同的是：do with常与连接代词what连用，而deal with常与连接副词how连用。如：
I don't know what to do with the problem.＝I don't know how to deal with the problem.我不知道如何处理这个问题。
【即时训练】
根据汉语意思完成句子。
我的电脑坏了。你知道如何处理它吗？
My computer is broken.Do you know how to it
【答案】deal with
随堂练习
一
词汇运用
A．用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词仅用一次，每空一词。
1．We'll ________ the junior high graduation ceremony tomorrow.
2．You ________ must see the play.It's so wonderful.
3．Thanks to your help，we finished the ________ ahead of time.
4．There is lots of ________ information in the book.
5．Many great people have ever failed，but they never gave up and ________ to succeed.
【答案】
A.1.attend 2.simply 3.task 4.useful 5.managed
B．根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
It's a good idea to talk with your mom or dad about how you feel about being home alone.They might be able to give you some ideas that will make you feel 1 (舒适的)．Maybe you can go home with a friend 2 (一次) a week or a neighbor can start checking on you.Sometimes a kid just isn't ready to 3 (待) at home alone.
Keeping busy with your 4 (作业)，chores and play can make your “home alone” time go 5 (快地)．But you might find yourself wondering what to do 6 (下一步)．The trick is thinking about your 7 (选择) ahead of time.You might even want to keep a list of things you like to do.Need some ideas to get you started
◇Read a book or a magazine.
◇Work on a 8 (爱好) or try a new one.
◇Listen to music，sing，or play an instrument.
◇Write a letter or an email or phone a friend.
Write a story full of made up adventures of what 9 (发生) to you when you were home alone and don't 10 (忘记) to give it a happy ending.
【答案】
1.comfortable 2.once 3.stay 4.homework 5.quickly 6．next 7.choices 8.hobby 9.happened 10.forget
二
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词仅用一次，每空一词。
1．It's important for us to develop healthy eating ________．
2．If humans don't stop polluting the environment，they will be ________ in the future.
3．I don't think you are telling me the whole ________ about what happened.
4．My aunt is leaving for England ________ of France.
5．It's a pity that the ________ plane hasn't been found yet.
【答案】
A.1.habits 2.punished 3.truth 4.instead5．missing
B．根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
Many young people have trouble communicating with their parents.There are some suggestions to help 1 (解决) this problem.
First，make a 2 (清单) of the things you and your parents disagree about most.With each of these things，try to find an 3 (答案) acceptable to both you and your parents.It is no good for you to 4 (要求) everything to go your way.You have to be ready to change a little if you want them to change.
Second，talk to your parents when it is convenient for them.Remember that your parents may have to work long hours and this can make them tired，so be 5 (有耐心的) with them.
6 (第三)，listen to what your parents have to say.How can you expect them to listen to you if you are not ready to listen to them？In addition，your parents were once young like you，so they understand your 7 (情况) better than you expect.
8 (最后)，if you do not get a satisfactory result，try not to get too 9 (生气的)．Talk with your parents and find out their reasons.Part of growing up is learning to live with these 10 (种类) of disagreements，and learning to understand another person's way of looking at things.
With a little hard work，you can learn to communicate better with your parents.
【答案】
1.solve 2.list 3.answer 4.require 5.patient6．Third 7.situation 8.Finally 9.angry 10.kinds
一
根据中文意思完成句子。
1. 爸爸去上海出差了。
My father has gone to Shanghai ______ _______.
2. 孩子们在假期里玩得非常高兴。
The children _____ great ______ during the vacation.
3. 现在许多人死于吸烟。
Many people ______ _______ smoking now.
4. 作为青少年，我们应该自己洗衣服。
As teenagers , we should wash clothes ______ our _______.
5. 你必须先穿过一条巨大的玻璃金字塔才能到达那幢大楼。
You must ______ _______ a giant glass pyramid first, then you will get to the building.
【答案】On business had fun die of with hands go through
二
完成句子
根振所给中文意思完成句子，每空哏填一詞.
1人们认为这本书是美国最好的小说之一．
It________ ________to be one of the greatest American stories．
2.每天晚上，我妈妈都在家翻阅杂志．
Every evening， my mother________ ________magazines at home．
3.按照当地人的说法，这是一个既特殊又神奇的地方．
________ ________ the local people， it's a special and magical place．
4.这些照片将要被公布在学校的网站上，
The photos will be________ ________on the school website．
5.莎士比亚的戏剧现在对于我们来说也仍然有意义．
Shakespeare's plays also________ ________to us today．
【答案】is thought．looks through．According to．put up．have meaning．
三
完成句子
根据所给中文意思完成句子，每空限填一词。
1.我们在动物园里拍了一些照片。
We ______ ______ ______ in the zoo.
2.我一到那里就会给你写信。
I’ll ______ ______ ______ ______ as soon as I get there.[]
3.他是怎样的一个人？
What______ he______
4.先生，我看一下你的票好吗？
Can I ______ ______ ______ ______ your ticket,Sir
5.顺便问一下，医院在哪儿？
______ ______ ______,where is the hospital
【答案】1. took some photos 2. write you a letter 3. is,like 4.have a look at 5. By the way
一
To us, it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But in fact the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain. Its first use was as a shade (遮蔽物) against the sun.
Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, back in the 11th century BC.
We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use:it became a symbol of honor and power(权力). In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens.
In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. The umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece, but it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans. During the middle ages in Europe, the use of the umbrella almost disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it became a symbol of power.
Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all the time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn't until the twentieth century the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors.
1.Ancient people first used umbrella as _____ .
A.a symbol of honor
B.protection against the sun
C.a symbol of power
D.protection against the rain
2.According to this passage, the umbrella was probably first invented in ancient _____ .
A.Egypt B.Babylon
C.Rome D.China
3.The underlined word royal might mean _____ in Chinese.
A.皇室的 B.富裕的
C.中产的 D.平民的
4.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true
A.The ancient Greeks used the umbrella in their daily life.
B.Europeans hardly used the umbrella during the middle ages
C.The umbrellas for women were made colorful in ancient times.
D.The style of the umbrella hasn't changed a lot since it was invented.
5.This passage is mainly about _____ ．
A.the sales of the umbrella
B.the differences among umbrellas
C.the invention of the umbrella
D.The history and use of the umbrella
1．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文中第一段最后一句可知选B。
2．【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。由第二段最后一句可知选D。
3．【答案】A
【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的such as the kings or queens可知选A。
4.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据短文最后一句可知，直到二十世纪，雨伞才开始为女性制造，有了各种颜色。故C项是错误的。
5．【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知主要讲的是伞的历史及其用途。故选D。
二
John and Jack met at the old bench every afternoon. Then they played football. But they didn't have enough money to buy a real football. So Jack made a ball out of old socks covered with a piece of plastic. Every time, the two friends didn't stop kicking and running until very late.
On Monday afternoon, John and Jack met again at the old bench. Soon the home-made ball was running across the grass. The boys laughed and shouted happily. The ball was stopped by a boy wearing a nice pair of sports shoes. John was upset when he saw it was Steven.
The next morning, John's mother gave him a bill. "Your uncle sent you a birthday present," she smiled. John's eyes grew big when he saw the $100 bill. Later that day, his mother bought a pair of new sports shoes and a real football.
That afternoon Steven invited John to play football. Steven did not want Jack to join them only because Jack's sports shoes were dirty. When the game was over, John and Steven walked past the old bench where Jack was sitting. Steven picked up a stone and threw it at him. John, holding his new football in his hands, walked on and did not look back.
Several days later, as John walked past the old bench, he saw something lying under it. He looked closer and saw it was the home-made ball. John was full of sadness when he saw the ball. As his sadness turned to anger, he picked up his new football and kicked it into the air. Then he walked to the bench, sat down and waited.
1.When John and Jack were playing with their home-made ball, they felt _____ .
A.sad B.glad
C.unfair D.angry
2.What present did John get from his uncle
A.A bill.
B.A football.
C.A home-made football.
D.A pair of new shoes.
3.Why didn't Jack play football with John and Steven
A.Because he was ill.
B.Because he hated Steven.
C.Because he didn't wear sports shoes.
D.Because he wasn't invited by Steven.
4.John sat on the bench and probably waited for _____ .
A.his mother B.Jack
C.Steven D.his uncle
5.What is the best title for the passage
A.A birthday present
B.A football match
C.A home-made football
D.A new football
1．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题．A．伤心的；B．开心的；C．不公平的；D．生气的．根据第一段最后一句可推知他们是非常高兴的。故选B。
2．【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。A.一张钞票；B．一个足球；C．一个自制足球；D．一双新鞋。根据第三段中"John's eyes grew big when he saw the $100 bill．”可知选A。
3．【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。A．因为他生病了；B．因为他讨厌斯蒂芬；C．因为他没有穿运动鞋；D．因为他没有被斯蒂芬邀请。根据第四段第二句可知D项正确。
4．【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。A．他的妈妈；B．杰克；C．斯蒂芬；D．他的叔叔。根据最后一段可知，当约翰看到那个自制足球的时候，原来与杰克快乐踢球的场景历历在目，而现在自己有了新的足球，但失去了好朋友杰克。他对自己感到悲伤、自责，所以踢走了新足球，由上可推知他是在等朋友杰克。故选B。
5．【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。A．一个生日礼物；B．一场足球比赛；C．一个自制足球；D．一个新足球。根据第一段及最后一段可知，自制足球对于约翰与杰克的重要性，它让约翰明白了什么是“朋友”。故选C．
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" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Modules 9－12
词汇拓展
borrow v. 借入；借来→ (反义词)借出；借给
properly adv.合适地；正确地→ adj. 合适的；恰当的
connection n. 电话连接；计算机网络连接→ v. 把……和……连接起来
mainly adv.大部分地；主要地→ adj. 主要的
develop v. 发展→ n. 发展；进步
magical adj. 神奇的；迷人的→ n. 魔法
sheep n. 羊；绵羊→ pl.
high adj. 高的→ n. 高度；身高
centre n. 中心；中央→ adj. 中心的；在中间的
pollute v. 污染→ n. 污染
general adj. 整体的；普遍的→ adv.一般地；普遍地
win v. 赢；获胜→ n. 获胜者
recycle v. 回收利用，再使用(废品)→ n. 回收利用
difficulty n. 困难；困境→ adj. 困难的
hopeless adj. 无望的→ (反义词)有希望的→ v. & n．希望
use v. 使用；利用→ v. 再次使用；重复利用→ adj. 使用过的；二手的
rapid adj. 快速的；迅速的→ adv.快速地；迅速地
随堂练习
一．用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. We must not be afraid of ________(difficult)．
2. I said it in that way so as not to hurt his ________(feel)．
3. By the way, have you seen Lucy ________(recent)
4. Jim with his friends plays soccer ________(two) a week.
5. He was the only boy that was ________(choose) to join in the ball game last week.
二．用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Little Tommy spent most of his time playing computer games. So it's ________(hope) for him to pass the exam this time.
2. We are sad about the ________(pollute) of our beaches with rubbish.
3. You should do more and talk ________(little). Actions speak louder than words.
4. Listen, John. It's no use ________(live) in the past.
5. The future is hopeful if everyone thinks about pollution and ________(recycle)．
二．重点词组
好几千；成千上万
快速阅读；浏览
用手；靠手做
从某一角度；从某一点上看；在某种程度上
把……比作……
收到某人的来信
作为结果；因此
大量的
从……下载……
搜寻；查找
根据；按照；据……所说
(使)避开；(使)不靠近
把某物从某物上剪掉
写日记
把某物从某物上刷掉
对……感到惊奇
由……制成(看得出原材料)
由……制成(看不出原材料)
有可能；有机会
朗读；宣读
(与……)相比
即使；尽管
保护……；使……不受
属于
对……感到满意
(因某事)向某人表示祝贺
到……结束时；到……时为止
扔掉；丢弃
处理；对付
把……分成……
对……有害
把……变成……
采取措施
打扫(或清除)干净
随堂练习
完成句子
1.当你学习英语时,你应当记笔记。
You should when you learn English.
2.雪下得很大。那是他迟到的原因。
It is snowing heavily. he is late.
3.艾伦认为目前他们相处得不是很好。
Alan,they are not getting on very well at the moment.
4.我的妈妈讨厌看足球赛。
My mother the football matches.
5.昨天我们对这个消息大感意外。
We greatly the news yesterday.
重点句型
They'll on the school website.它们(照片)将被公布在学校的网站上。
Will books by the Internet？书会被因特网替代吗？
If you have to anyone，tell them to use it properly.如果你不得不把它借给别人，告诉他们要正确使用它。
In those days，books were only produced one .在那个年代，书是靠手工制作的，一次只能制作一本。
Knowledge and ideas spread faster than .知识和思想的传播速度比以往的任何时候都要快。
Through the Internet，email nearly instantly with people thousands of miles away.通过因特网，电子邮件使我们可以瞬间与千里之外的人们交流。
the local people，it's a special and magical place.当地人认为这是一个特殊而神奇的地方。
Australia has more beaches than —more than 10，000！澳大利亚比其他任何一个国家拥有的海滩都要多，超过10 000个！
Bondi Beach is the most beautiful that I .邦迪海滩是我曾见过的最美丽的海滩。
He's the boy who won last year！他就是去年赢得摄影比赛的那个男生！
The photo we liked best in the City and People group was taken by Zhao Min.“城市与人”这组照片中，我们最喜爱的是由赵敏拍摄的。
Though pollution is heavy now，I don't think .虽然现在的污染很严重，但我并不认为那没有希望。
other years，we received many more photos.与往年相比，我们收到了更多的(参赛)照片。
If the rivers ，farmers can't use the water for their crops.如果河流被污染，农民将不能用水灌溉他们的庄稼。
Pollution is .污染对我们的身体健康构成威胁。
about things we can't do.谈论我们不能做的事情是没有用的。
Do you divide the waste into things to recycle and things to ？你们将废物分成要回收的和需丢弃的吗？
Although it takes energy to things something else，it is better than throwing things away or burning them.虽然把一种东西变成另一种东西会消耗能源，但是也比把它们扔掉或烧掉好。
知识拓展
1．borrow v. 借入；借来
【辨析】lend，borrow与keep
(1)lend表示“借出”。常用结构lend sb.sth.＝lend sth.to sb.意为“将某物借给某人”。如：
He lent me his pen.＝He lent his pen to me.他把他的钢笔借给了我。
(2)borrow表示“借进”，常用结构borrow…from…意为“从……借来……”。如：
He borrowed 100 yuan from his friend.他向朋友借了100块钱。
(3)keep表示“借”时，常和“for ＋ 一段时间”连用。如：
—How long could I keep your dictionary？你的字典我能借多长时间？
—Only for one week.只能借一周。
【即时训练】
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。
borrow, lend , keep
(1)—Can I your bike
—With pleasure.But you mustn't it to others.
(2)—Can I your dictionary
—Sure.But you can only it for three days.
2．look through 快速阅读；浏览
【点拨】look through是一个动词短语，表示“快速阅读；浏览”。如：
Would you quickly look through the composition for me and see if there are any mistakes？你能帮我快速浏览一下这篇作文，看看有没有错误吗？
【拓展】look的其他常用搭配：
look after照顾 look for寻找
look at看一看 look out 当心
look over仔细检查
look up(在字典、参考书上)查阅；抬头看
【即时训练】
单项选择。
( )You should____________ the bill before you pay for it，or you may feel embarrassed.
A．look up B．look through
C．look for D．look after
3．at a time每次；一次
【辨析】at a time，at one time 与at the time
这三个短语在外形上非常相似，只有一字之差，但含义却差别很大，在用法上也各有不同。
(1)at a time表示“每次；一次”，常用于“数词＋at a time”的结构中。如：
Please take two pills at a time.请一次服用两粒药丸。
(2)at one time表示“同时；曾经一度”，常用于过去时中。如：
At one time they were close friends，but now they are seldom together.他们曾经是形影不离的朋友，但是现在他们很少在一起。
(3)at the time表示“那时；在那段时间”，常用于过去时中。如：
He agreed at the time but later changed his mind.他当时同意了，但后来又改变了主意。
【即时训练】
根据汉语意思完成句子。
请一个一个地进来，不要一拥而入。
Please come in one ，not all together.
4．They'll be put up on the school website.它们(照片)将被公布在学校的网站上。
【点拨】此句中put up的意思是“张贴；公布”。如：
You can put up the notice on the noticeboard.你可以把通知贴在布告栏上。
【拓展】put up还有以下含义：
(1)举起；抬起 如：
Please put up your hand if you have any questions.如果你有任何问题，请举手。
(2)竖起；搭起 如：
They put up a tent by the river.他们在河边搭起了一顶帐篷。
【即时训练】
根据汉语意思完成句子。
你可以帮我把这幅图挂在墙上吗？
Would you please help me the picture on the wall
5．Will books be replaced by the Internet？书籍将会被因特网取代吗？
【点拨】
(1)此句为一般将来时的被动语态的疑问结构。其构成形式为：“Will＋主语＋be＋动词的过去分词(＋其他)？”；肯定回答用“Yes，主语＋will.”；否定回答用“No，主语＋won't.”。如：
—Will more trees be planted in your home town？你的家乡将会种植更多的树木吗？
—Yes，it will.是的。/No，it won't.不，不是。
(2)replace意为“替换；取代”，相当于take the place of。如：
The computer will gradually replace the TV.＝The computer will gradually take the place of the TV.电脑将逐步取代电视。
【即时训练】
句型转换。
Mrs Wang will replace Mrs Li to attend the meeting this afternoon.(改为同义句)
Mrs Wang will Mrs Li to attend the meeting this afternoon.
6．As a result，there were not many books，and they were expensive.因此，书籍数量不多，价格又贵。
【点拨】as a result意为“作为结果；因此”，通常单独使用。如：
As a result，he didn't pass the maths exam.结果，他没有通过数学考试。
【拓展】as a result of 意为“作为……的结果；由于……”，后接名词或名词性短语，表示原因。如：
She was late as a result of the snow.由于下雪，她迟到了。
【即时训练】
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。
as a result，as a result of
(1)How terrible the weather was！ _，all the flights were cancelled.
(2)All the flights were cancelled the terrible weather.
7．I have some photos that I took in Australia last year.我有一些去年在澳大利亚拍的照片。
The horse that I rode was lazy，…我骑的那匹马很懒，……
【点拨】以上两个句子中均包含了一个that 引导的定语从句，分别修饰先行词photos和horse。由此可见，that引导的定语从句既可以修饰无生命的事物，也可以修饰有生命的动物或人。that在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时that可以省略。如：
This is a new book (that) my father bought for me yesterday.这是我父亲昨天买给我的新书。(that作宾语，修饰物book)
The film that tells an adventure is very interesting.那部关于探险的电影非常有趣。(that作主语，修饰物film)
The writer (that)I like best is Mark Twain.我最喜欢的作家是马克·吐温。(that作宾语，修饰人writer)
【即时训练】
根据汉语意思完成句子。
一个月前我在花盆里播的种子已经发芽了。
The seeds in the flowerpot a month ago have sprouted.
8.add v. 添加
【点拨】
(1)add用作及物动词时，表示“增加；添加”，常与介词to连用，构成“add…to…”的结构，意为“把……添加到……里”。如：
He added some water to the tea.他往茶里加了一些水。
(2)add还可以作不及物动词，表示“补充(说)；继续说”。如：
“And I expect your little sister will come too，”added she.她补充说道：“我希望你的小妹妹也能来。”
【即时训练】
根据汉语意思及提示词，翻译下列句子。
请在面包片上加一些奶酪和生菜。(add)
9．divide v. 分开
【辨析】divide与separate
(1)divide意为“分割；分开”，强调把一个整体按等量或一定比例分开，它常与into连用，构成divide…into…的结构，意为“把……分成……”。如：
The exam is divided into two parts.考试分为两部分。
(2)separate意为“分离；隔开”，侧重表示把原来在一起或靠近的事物分割开来，分开后的部分具有相对的独立性。常与介词from连用，构成短语separate…from…，意为“把……与……分离或隔开”。如：
The children are separating good apples from bad apples.孩子们正在把好苹果与烂苹果分开。
【即时训练】
根据汉语意思完成句子。
(1)台湾海峡把台湾和福建隔开了。
The Taiwan Straits Taiwan Fujian.
(2)我把这些土豆分成了三组：大的、中等的、小的。
I the potatoes three groups：large，medium and small.
10．even though即使；尽管
【辨析】even though 与even if
两者均是从属连词，都可以表示“即使；尽管”的含义，引导让步状语从句。通常情况下，两者可以互换使用。其区别在于：
(1)even though引导的从句内容往往是真实的，主要用于引出不利于主句情况的信息。如：
He went to school even though it was raining heavily.尽管下着大雨，他还是去了学校。
She is the best teacher even though she has the least teaching experience.即使她缺乏教学经验，但却是最好的老师。
(2)even if引导的从句往往还有假设性，相当于汉语的“纵然；就算；哪怕”的含义。如：
They will stand by you even if you don't succeed.纵然你不成功，他们也会支持你。
Even if it rains tomorrow，we won't change our plan.就算明天下雨，我们也不会改变计划。
【即时训练】
用even if或even though填空。
(1)We lost the game we tried our best.
(2)He wouldn't buy the flat he had the money.
11．He's the boy who won the photo competition last year！他就是去年赢得摄影比赛的那个男生！
【点拨】这是一个主从复合句。其中，who引导的定语从句在句中作主语，修饰先行词boy。如果定语从句在句中作宾语，须将who换为其宾格形式whom。在口语和非正式文体中，whom也可用who代替，此时可以省略。如：
He is a kind hearted person who once helped me.他就是那位曾经帮助过我的好心人。(who作主语，不能省略)
I'm waiting for Miss Wang (whom) I want to talk with.我正在等王女士，我想和她谈一谈。(whom作宾语，可以省略)
【即时训练】
根据汉语意思完成句子。
每个去过上海的人都说它是一个现代化城市。
Everyone to Shanghai says it is a modern city.
12．It's no use talking about things we can't do.谈论我们不能做的事情是没有用的。(教材P96)
【点拨】It's no use doing sth.表示“做某事没有用处”。在此结构中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词 ing短语，放在句末。此句型还可以换为：There is no use doing sth.或It's useless doing sth.。如：
It's no use crying.
＝There is no use crying.
＝It's useless crying.哭是没有用的。
【拓展】it作形式主语的常见句型：
It's no good doing sth.做某事是没有益处的
It's a waster of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间的
It's great fun doing sth.做某事是有趣的
【即时训练】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
It is no use (live) in the past.We should look forward to the future.
13．And what do you do with the bottles when they are empty？当它们空的时候，你会如何处理这些瓶子呢？
【辨析】do with与deal with
两者均意为“处理；对付；处置”等，不同的是：do with常与连接代词what连用，而deal with常与连接副词how连用。如：
I don't know what to do with the problem.＝I don't know how to deal with the problem.我不知道如何处理这个问题。
【即时训练】
根据汉语意思完成句子。
我的电脑坏了。你知道如何处理它吗？
My computer is broken.Do you know how to it
随堂练习
一
词汇运用
A．用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词仅用一次，每空一词。
1．We'll ________ the junior high graduation ceremony tomorrow.
2．You ________ must see the play.It's so wonderful.
3．Thanks to your help，we finished the ________ ahead of time.
4．There is lots of ________ information in the book.
5．Many great people have ever failed，but they never gave up and ________ to succeed.
B．根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
It's a good idea to talk with your mom or dad about how you feel about being home alone.They might be able to give you some ideas that will make you feel 1 (舒适的)．Maybe you can go home with a friend 2 (一次) a week or a neighbor can start checking on you.Sometimes a kid just isn't ready to 3 (待) at home alone.
Keeping busy with your 4 (作业)，chores and play can make your “home alone” time go 5 (快地)．But you might find yourself wondering what to do 6 (下一步)．The trick is thinking about your 7 (选择) ahead of time.You might even want to keep a list of things you like to do.Need some ideas to get you started
◇Read a book or a magazine.
◇Work on a 8 (爱好) or try a new one.
◇Listen to music，sing，or play an instrument.
◇Write a letter or an email or phone a friend.
Write a story full of made up adventures of what 9 (发生) to you when you were home alone and don't 10 (忘记) to give it a happy ending.
二
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词仅用一次，每空一词。
1．It's important for us to develop healthy eating ________．
2．If humans don't stop polluting the environment，they will be ________ in the future.
3．I don't think you are telling me the whole ________ about what happened.
4．My aunt is leaving for England ________ of France.
5．It's a pity that the ________ plane hasn't been found yet.
B．根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
Many young people have trouble communicating with their parents.There are some suggestions to help 1 (解决) this problem.
First，make a 2 (清单) of the things you and your parents disagree about most.With each of these things，try to find an 3 (答案) acceptable to both you and your parents.It is no good for you to 4 (要求) everything to go your way.You have to be ready to change a little if you want them to change.
Second，talk to your parents when it is convenient for them.Remember that your parents may have to work long hours and this can make them tired，so be 5 (有耐心的) with them.
6 (第三)，listen to what your parents have to say.How can you expect them to listen to you if you are not ready to listen to them？In addition，your parents were once young like you，so they understand your 7 (情况) better than you expect.
8 (最后)，if you do not get a satisfactory result，try not to get too 9 (生气的)．Talk with your parents and find out their reasons.Part of growing up is learning to live with these 10 (种类) of disagreements，and learning to understand another person's way of looking at things.
With a little hard work，you can learn to communicate better with your parents.
一
根据中文意思完成句子。
1. 爸爸去上海出差了。
My father has gone to Shanghai ______ _______.
2. 孩子们在假期里玩得非常高兴。
The children _____ great ______ during the vacation.
3. 现在许多人死于吸烟。
Many people ______ _______ smoking now.
4. 作为青少年，我们应该自己洗衣服。
As teenagers , we should wash clothes ______ our _______.
5. 你必须先穿过一条巨大的玻璃金字塔才能到达那幢大楼。
You must ______ _______ a giant glass pyramid first, then you will get to the building.
二
完成句子
根振所给中文意思完成句子，每空哏填一詞.
1人们认为这本书是美国最好的小说之一．
It________ ________to be one of the greatest American stories．
2.每天晚上，我妈妈都在家翻阅杂志．
Every evening， my mother________ ________magazines at home．
3.按照当地人的说法，这是一个既特殊又神奇的地方．
________ ________ the local people， it's a special and magical place．
4.这些照片将要被公布在学校的网站上，
The photos will be________ ________on the school website．
5.莎士比亚的戏剧现在对于我们来说也仍然有意义．
Shakespeare's plays also________ ________to us today．
三
完成句子
根据所给中文意思完成句子，每空限填一词。
1.我们在动物园里拍了一些照片。
We ______ ______ ______ in the zoo.
2.我一到那里就会给你写信。
I’ll ______ ______ ______ ______ as soon as I get there.[]
3.他是怎样的一个人？
What______ he______
4.先生，我看一下你的票好吗？
Can I ______ ______ ______ ______ your ticket,Sir
5.顺便问一下，医院在哪儿？
______ ______ ______,where is the hospital
一
To us, it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But in fact the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain. Its first use was as a shade (遮蔽物) against the sun.
Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, back in the 11th century BC.
We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use:it became a symbol of honor and power(权力). In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens.
In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. The umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece, but it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans. During the middle ages in Europe, the use of the umbrella almost disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it became a symbol of power.
Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all the time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn't until the twentieth century the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors.
1.Ancient people first used umbrella as _____ .
A.a symbol of honor
B.protection against the sun
C.a symbol of power
D.protection against the rain
2.According to this passage, the umbrella was probably first invented in ancient _____ .
A.Egypt B.Babylon
C.Rome D.China
3.The underlined word royal might mean _____ in Chinese.
A.皇室的 B.富裕的
C.中产的 D.平民的
4.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true
A.The ancient Greeks used the umbrella in their daily life.
B.Europeans hardly used the umbrella during the middle ages
C.The umbrellas for women were made colorful in ancient times.
D.The style of the umbrella hasn't changed a lot since it was invented.
5.This passage is mainly about _____ ．
A.the sales of the umbrella
B.the differences among umbrellas
C.the invention of the umbrella
D.The history and use of the umbrella
二
John and Jack met at the old bench every afternoon. Then they played football. But they didn't have enough money to buy a real football. So Jack made a ball out of old socks covered with a piece of plastic. Every time, the two friends didn't stop kicking and running until very late.
On Monday afternoon, John and Jack met again at the old bench. Soon the home-made ball was running across the grass. The boys laughed and shouted happily. The ball was stopped by a boy wearing a nice pair of sports shoes. John was upset when he saw it was Steven.
The next morning, John's mother gave him a bill. "Your uncle sent you a birthday present," she smiled. John's eyes grew big when he saw the $100 bill. Later that day, his mother bought a pair of new sports shoes and a real football.
That afternoon Steven invited John to play football. Steven did not want Jack to join them only because Jack's sports shoes were dirty. When the game was over, John and Steven walked past the old bench where Jack was sitting. Steven picked up a stone and threw it at him. John, holding his new football in his hands, walked on and did not look back.
Several days later, as John walked past the old bench, he saw something lying under it. He looked closer and saw it was the home-made ball. John was full of sadness when he saw the ball. As his sadness turned to anger, he picked up his new football and kicked it into the air. Then he walked to the bench, sat down and waited.
1.When John and Jack were playing with their home-made ball, they felt _____ .
A.sad B.glad
C.unfair D.angry
2.What present did John get from his uncle
A.A bill.
B.A football.
C.A home-made football.
D.A pair of new shoes.
3.Why didn't Jack play football with John and Steven
A.Because he was ill.
B.Because he hated Steven.
C.Because he didn't wear sports shoes.
D.Because he wasn't invited by Steven.
4.John sat on the bench and probably waited for _____ .
A.his mother B.Jack
C.Steven D.his uncle
5.What is the best title for the passage
A.A birthday present
B.A football match
C.A home-made football
D.A new football
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