中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
状语从句
状语从句由从属连词引导,与主句连接,位于句首时,常用逗号与主句分开,位于句末时,其前一般不用逗号。状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句等。
类别 引导词 例句
时间状语从句 when/while/as当……时;before在……之前;after在……之后;since自……以来;until/till直到……为止;as soon as一……就…… When I my homework,my mother came in.当我正在写作业的时候,我妈妈进来了。He did go to bed his father came back.直到爸爸回来他才去睡觉。
条件状语从句 if如果;as long as只要;unless除非 If it tomorrow,I will go to the park.如果明天不下雨,我将会去公园。 bad weather stops me,I go for a walk every day.我每天都会去散步,除非遇上坏天气。
原因状语从句 because因为;since既然;as由于 I like to eat apples they are good for my health.我喜欢吃苹果,因为它们对我的健康有益。
目的状语从句 so that以便,为了;in order that为了 He gets up early every morning he can catch the bus.他每天早上起得很早,以便能赶上公交车。
结果状语从句 so that结果是;so...that/such...that如此……以至于 It’s hot outside nobody wants to go out.外面太热以至于没人想出去。
让步状语从句 though/although尽管,虽然;even if/though即使;whatever无论什么;wherever无论哪里;whenever无论何时 you go,I will go with you.无论你去哪里,我都跟着你。Whenever you come,I will you.无论你什么时候来,我都会等你。
比较状语从句 than比;as...as...和……一样;not as/so...as不如 He is Tom.他和汤姆一样聪明。
地点状语从句 where……的地方;wherever无论哪里 Sit you like.随便坐。
1.时间状语从句
(1)when的用法
①when意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。如:
I feel very happy .
你们来看我时,我感到很高兴。
the street,you must be careful.
你(们)过马路时,一定要小心。
②when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性动词,也可以用终止性动词。如:
I worked for a foreign company when .
当我在上海时,我在一家外企工作。
(2)while的用法
while引导时间状语从句时意为“与……同时,在……期间”。while引导的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。 如:
They rushed in while we problems.
当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。
(3)as的用法
as引导时间状语从句时可以表达“当……时,一边……一边,随着”等意思。如:
Helen heard the story as .
海伦在洗衣服时听到的那个故事。
We get wiser as .
我们随着年龄的增长而变得更聪明。
注意:when,while,as的区别:
易混词 用法 例句
when 可表示瞬间,也可指一段时间。主句和从句中的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生 When I came home,my mother dinner.当我回家时,我妈妈正在做晚饭。I’ll go home when I have finished my homework.我做完作业后就会回家。
while 表示一段时间或一个过程,只和延续性动词连用,强调主句的动词和从句的动词表示的动作或状态是同时发生的,常对同类的两个动作进行对比 Please write while .我读的时候,请跟着写。
as 可与while互换,但as着重指主从句的动作同时发生,而不是一前一后,意为“一边……一边……” They talked as .他们边走边谈。
(4)before与after的用法
before表示“在……之前”,after表示“在……之后”。如:
I will always work hard Peking University.
在我考上北京大学之前我将一直努力学习。
She showed me many beautiful stamps her home.我到达她家以后,她让我看了好多漂亮的邮票。
(5)until/till的用法
till/until都表示“直到”,常可换用,但till不用于句首。not...until...表示“直到……才……”。如:
You may the rain stops.你可以在这里一直待到雨停。
He he had finished his work.他直到完成工作才上床睡觉。
(6)since的用法
since引导的时间状语从句表示“自……以来”,主句用一般现在时、现在完成时或过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。如:
I have worked in this company since I graduated from Peking University.我从北京大学毕业后,一直在这家公司上班。
(7)as soon as的用法
as soon as引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即发生,意为“一……就……”。该从句经常用一般现在时表示将来。如:
As soon as ,I’ll tell him.他一到,我就告诉他。
2.条件状语从句
(1)if的用法
含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。如:
I’ll visit the Great Wall if tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨,我将去游览长城。
注意:if有两个意思,作“是否”讲时,引导宾语从句,意思同whether一样,从句的时态由事实决定;作“假如,如果”讲时,引导条件状语从句,此时若主句为将来时或祈使句,从句用一般现在时表将来。
He couldn’t tell if she was .
他弄不清她是在笑还是在哭。
We don’t know if it tomorrow.
我们不知道明天是否会下雨。
If it tomorrow,we won’t have a sports meet.
明天如果下雨,我们就不开运动会了。
I don’t know if we the museum if it tomorrow.
第一个if引导的是宾语从句,第二个if引导条件状语从句,译为“如果明天下雪,我不知道我们是否还能去参观博物馆。”
(2)unless的用法
unless意为“除非,如果不”,相当于“if...not...”。如:
Unless it rains,the game .除非下雨,否则比赛将照常进行。
Unless you go at once,you late.如果你不马上走,就会迟到的。
(3)as long as的用法
as long as意为“只要”。如:
As long as we show our love,the world will happiness.只要我们表现出我们的爱,世界将会充满幸福。
3.原因状语从句
(1)because的用法
表因果关系的语气最强,用来回答why的问句,所引出的原因往往是听话人所不知道或最感兴趣的,because引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。如:
I’m leaving I am fed up with the boss.
我要离开是因为我讨厌老板。
My friends admire me I am handsome and successful.
因为我帅气并且成功,所以我的朋友们羡慕我。
注意:because(因为)和so(所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里,两者只能用其一。
Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk there.=He was tired, he couldn’t walk there.
因为他累了,所以他不能步行到那儿。
(2)since的用法
引出的原因往往是人们已知的事实,意为“既然”,通常放在句首。在复合句中since引导的从句是次要的,重点是主句的内容。如:
Monday is Bob’s birthday,let’s give him a party.
既然星期一是鲍勃的生日,咱们给他办一个聚会吧。
(3)as的用法
as与since用法差不多,所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要用because加以强调。as引导的原因状语从句与主句具有同等的重要性。如:
She didn’t hear us come in as she was asleep.她睡着了,没听见我们进来。
(4)now(that)的用法
now(that)主要用于口语,主、从句因果关系不明显,意为“既然”。如:
Now(that)you have come,you may as well stay.
既然你已经来了,就留下来吧。
注意:because, for, since, as的区别:
易混词 用法 例句
because 表示原因,强调直接原因和因果关系,它所引导的从句通常放在主句之后。常用来回答“why”引导的疑问句 —Why didn’t you go to the cinema 你为什么没有去看电影 —Because my mother was ill,and I had to stay at home and look after her.因为我妈妈病了,我得在家照顾她。
for 并列连词,表示间接的原因和理由,或对前一分句中事实的解释,for连接的分句不放在句首 Miss Gao can’t be in the office,for the door is locked.高小姐不可能在办公室,因为门是锁着的。
since 表示原因时语气比because弱,但比as强。它一般不表示根本或直接原因,而是一种已知的、显然的理由,意为“既然”,常放在句首 Since everybody is here,let’s begin our meeting.既然大家都在这儿,咱们开始开会吧。
as 表示原因时意义最弱,它所阐述的原因只是附带说明。多置于句首,只说明一般的因果关系,意为“鉴于” As you were out,I left a message.你不在,所以我留下了口信儿。
4.目的状语从句
(1)引导目的状语从句的词或词组有lest,so that,in order that 等,从句的谓语中常含有may,might,can,could,will,would 等情态动词。如:
He must get up early so that he can go to work on time.他必须早点起床,以便能按时上班。
(2)当从句主语与主句主语一致时,可用so as to,in order to对从句进行省略。如:
He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.
=He worked day and night in order to succeed.
他夜以继日地工作为的是取得成功。
5.结果状语从句
(1)由so...that, such...that 引导
用法 例句
so+形容词或副词+that He was so hard-working that he passed the exam.他如此勤劳,以至于通过了考试。
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that He was such a hard-working boy that he passed the exam.他是如此勤劳的一个男孩,以至于通过了考试。
such+形容词+复数名词+that Here are such interesting books that we can enjoy ourselves.这儿有如此有趣的书,以至于我们能玩得开心。
such+形容词+不可数名词+that There is such delicious bread that I can’t help eating. 那儿有如此美味的面包,以至于我忍不住吃。
so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that He was so hard-working a boy that he passed the exam.他是如此勤劳的一个男孩,以至于通过了考试。
当名词前面有many、much、little、few修饰时,用so而不用such。如:
She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.
=She is we love her very much.
她是一个这么可爱的女孩,以至于我们都很喜欢她。
We have we can finish the work very well.
我们有如此多的时间,以至于我们能很好地完成工作。
(2)so...that句型的否定形式可用too...to...或not...enough to 构成的简单句代替。如:
He is he can’t go to school.
=He is go to school.
=He is not go to school.
他太小了不能去上学。
6.让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有though/although(虽然),even though/if(尽管),whoever/no matter who(无论谁),however/no matter how(无论怎样),whatever/no matter what(无论什么)。
(1)though与although的用法
although和though意义一样,都作“虽然,尽管”解,都表示让步,一般情况下可互换使用,只是although语气较重,大多置于句首。两个词可以与yet连用,但不与but连用。如:
They are generous they are poor.虽然他们很穷,但他们很慷慨。
he was Japanese,he spent most of his life in China.尽管他是日本人,但他大多数时间是在中国度过的。
(2)even though与even if的用法
even though与even if都是“尽管,即使”的意思,表示语气更强的让步。如:
he’s 24 now,he’s still like a little child.尽管他现在24岁了,但他仍然像个小孩子。
We’ll make a trip even the weather is bad.即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。
(3)wh-ever类引导词的用法
在英语中wh-ever既可引导名词性从句,还可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时常可换成“no matter+相应的wh-疑问词”,在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever。如:
Whenever I’m unhappy,it is my friend who cheers me up.
= I’m unhappy,it is my friend who cheers me up.
不管什么时候我不高兴,总是我的朋友使我振作起来。
7.比较状语从句
(1)than的用法
She than you did.她比你犯的错误少。
They than we do.他们比我们工作更加努力。
The shirt is than they think.这件衬衫比他们想象的贵。
(2)as...as和not as/so...as的用法
He knows we do.他和我们一样了解美国。
The task is not it sounds.这项任务不如听起来简单。
注:由于此类从句中有些成分经常要避免和主句的表达发生重复,所以常有省略,看起来结构不太完整。
8.地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要的有where, wherever。
Put the medicine where children can’t reach it.
把药放在孩子们拿不到的地方。
There were lots of parks where I lived.
我住的地方有许多公园。
题组训练
一、将下列句子改为同义句
1.Mr.Jiang bought a robot so as to have more free time.
Mr.Jiang bought a robot have more free time.
2.The match was so exciting that the audience clapped.
It was that the audience clapped.
3.You will be late for school if you don’t hurry.
You will be late for school you hurry.
4.It is thirty years since Mr.Green left his hometown.
Mr.Green his hometown for thirty years.
5.Cycling is not as interesting as diving.
Cycling is interesting diving.
随堂练习
一
选词填空。
if, when, after, before, until
1. I went to bed __________ the TV program was over.
2. Kitty will go to a movie with me __________ she has free time.
3. Remember to close the windows __________ you go out.
4. You’d better finish your homework __________ you go to bed.
5. Mike didn’t know it __________ I told him.
二、单项选择。
1. ―Could you tell me when he ____________ back
—Sure. He will come back as soon as he ____________ the classroom.
A. will come; finishes cleaning
B. comes; will finish cleaning
C. will come; will finish to clean
2. I’ll go to visit your uncle as soon as I ____________ Beijing.
A. get to B. will get to C. got to
3. Mr. Liu has taught us English ____________ he came to our school.
A. until B. because C. though D. since
4. My father was reading a newspaper ____________ my mother was cooking dinner.
A. when B. while C. as soon as D. Until
5. Many students didn’t realize the importance of study ____________ they left school.
A. when B. until C. as D. after
二
1. You’d better take an umbrella with you ___________ you won’t get wet.
A. if B. unless C. since D. so that
2. This kind of flower needs special care ___________ it can live through winter.
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
3. You must leave here now___________ your mother can get some more rest.
A. became B. though C. so that
4. More and more couples would rather ___________ a second baby ___________ their first child can feel less lonely.
A. have；in order to B. to have；in order to
C. have；so that D. to have；so that
5. My mother exercises every day___________ fat.
A.in order not to get B.in order that
C.in order not to getting D.in order to not get
6. He is working hard ___________ he may pass his examination.
A. because B. so that C. in order to
三
1. You won’t get to the subway station before 9 :00 am _______________ you leave earlier.
A. unless B. until C. because D. when
2. If New Mart _______________ 24 hours a day during the winter holiday, I will feel _______________.
A. is open；excited B. is open；exciting
C. will open；excited D. will open；exciting
3. I won’t be able to understand what you say, you speak too quickly.
A. if B. though C. because D. but
4. Lucy and I have been friends for years. _______________ my memory is correct, we first met in a meeting.
A. If B. Because C. Though D. When
5. I think you should complain _______________ you are happy with the situation.
A. unless B. however C. after D. though
6. I will have to close my clothes shop _______________ my business improves.
A. if B. unless C. after D. when
一
Michelle, a famous lady, has found that more than 25% students are too fat in her country. It is a very serious problem. So she starts a health program to deal with it. The health program is to reduce the amount of fat students today and in the future.
The program will get families, schools, newspapers, magazines and TVs to join together and deal with the students’ obesity so that students will be at a healthier weight. The program includes: Food stores should sell healthier foods. Schools should serve healthier meals with less fat and should also offer gym classes.
The lady is trying to fight the students’ obesity all over the country because it can cause illnesses and higher health cost. She wants the students to eat right, exercise more and control their weight. She also wants the students to understand it is important to have less sweet food, and drink water, milk and fresh juices, but not to choose cokes. At the same time she has also set a good example by planting a vegetable garden. She hopes that the garden will encourage more people to plant one too.
The health program is really helpful to the students today and in the future. As she says, we cannot always build the future for youth, but we can build our youth for the future.
1. In Michelle’s country over _____ of the students are too fat.
A. a quarter B. a half C. 75% D. 15%
2. The underlined word “obesity” in the second paragraph means _____ in Chinese.
A. 厌食症 B. 肥胖症 C. 抑郁症 D. 强迫症
3. What does the lady want the shops to do
A. To offer gym classes.
B. To plant a vegetable garden.
C. To serve meals with less fat.
D. To sell healthier foods.
4. It’s a good way for fat students to have _____ every day.
A. more vegetables B. sweet foods C. many cokes D. much fat
5. What’s the main idea of the passage
A. The lady introduces healthy drinks.
B. The lady cares about food cost.
C. The lady fights obesity in students.
D. The lady feels worried about the height.
二
In some American countries like Canada and America， people usually tip（给小费）in some places． They tip in restaurants，airports， hotels， and hair salons（美发厅）because many people who work in these places get small money． A tip shows that a person is pleased with their work．
The usual tip for other kinds of service， for example， for taxi driver， hairdressers（理发师）and waiters， Is between 10% and 20% of the bill． The size of the tip is decided by how pleased you are for their work People do not tip in cafeterias（小餐馆）or fast food restaurants．
At airports， workers who carry the bags for you usually get a dollar tip for each bag． Hotel workers usually get a dollar for carrying one or two suitcases（手提箱）． A hotel door attendant（服务生）or parking valet（停车场）also gets about a dollar for getting a taxi or for parking a car． Many people also tip hotel room attendants when they stay in a hotel for several days． They usually leave a dollar for each day．
1.If you tip in a restaurant， it shows ．
A．you want to make them happy B． your money is important to them
C． you think their work is good D． you think their work b bad
2.Your bill is ﹩200， then the tip will be ．
A． ﹩200 B． ﹩20 C．﹩100 D． ﹩120
3.Where don't you tip？
A． In cafeterias． B． In restaurants． C． In airports． D． In hair salons．
4.The better a waiter's service is，the a tip is．
A． Less B． more C． Roost D． least
5.People usually tip in ．
A． China． B．Japan C． India． D． America
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状语从句
状语从句由从属连词引导,与主句连接,位于句首时,常用逗号与主句分开,位于句末时,其前一般不用逗号。状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句等。
类别 引导词 例句
时间状语从句 when/while/as当……时;before在……之前;after在……之后;since自……以来;until/till直到……为止;as soon as一……就…… When I was doing my homework,my mother came in.当我正在写作业的时候,我妈妈进来了。He did not go to bed until his father came back.直到爸爸回来他才去睡觉。
条件状语从句 if如果;as long as只要;unless除非 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,I will go to the park.如果明天不下雨,我将会去公园。Unless bad weather stops me,I go for a walk every day.我每天都会去散步,除非遇上坏天气。
原因状语从句 because因为;since既然;as由于 I like to eat apples because they are good for my health.我喜欢吃苹果,因为它们对我的健康有益。
目的状语从句 so that以便,为了;in order that为了 He gets up early every morning so that he can catch the bus.他每天早上起得很早,以便能赶上公交车。
结果状语从句 so that结果是;so...that/such...that如此……以至于 It’s so hot outside that nobody wants to go out.外面太热以至于没人想出去。
让步状语从句 though/although尽管,虽然;even if/though即使;whatever无论什么;wherever无论哪里;whenever无论何时 Wherever you go,I will go with you.无论你去哪里,我都跟着你。Whenever you come,I will wait for you.无论你什么时候来,我都会等你。
比较状语从句 than比;as...as...和……一样;not as/so...as不如 He is as clever as Tom.他和汤姆一样聪明。
地点状语从句 where……的地方;wherever无论哪里 Sit wherever you like.随便坐。
1.时间状语从句
(1)when的用法
①when意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。如:
I feel very happy when you come to see me.
你们来看我时,我感到很高兴。
When you are crossing the street,you must be careful.
你(们)过马路时,一定要小心。
②when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性动词,也可以用终止性动词。如:
I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.
当我在上海时,我在一家外企工作。
(2)while的用法
while引导时间状语从句时意为“与……同时,在……期间”。while引导的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。 如:
They rushed in while we were discussing problems.
当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。
(3)as的用法
as引导时间状语从句时可以表达“当……时,一边……一边,随着”等意思。如:
Helen heard the story as she washed clothes.
海伦在洗衣服时听到的那个故事。
We get wiser as we get older.
我们随着年龄的增长而变得更聪明。
注意:when,while,as的区别:
易混词 用法 例句
when 可表示瞬间,也可指一段时间。主句和从句中的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生 When I came home,my mother was cooking dinner.当我回家时,我妈妈正在做晚饭。I’ll go home when I have finished my homework.我做完作业后就会回家。
while 表示一段时间或一个过程,只和延续性动词连用,强调主句的动词和从句的动词表示的动作或状态是同时发生的,常对同类的两个动作进行对比 Please write while I read.我读的时候,请跟着写。
as 可与while互换,但as着重指主从句的动作同时发生,而不是一前一后,意为“一边……一边……” They talked as they walked.他们边走边谈。
(4)before与after的用法
before表示“在……之前”,after表示“在……之后”。如:
I will always work hard before I enter Peking University.
在我考上北京大学之前我将一直努力学习。
She showed me many beautiful stamps after I got to her home.我到达她家以后,她让我看了好多漂亮的邮票。
(5)until/till的用法
till/until都表示“直到”,常可换用,但till不用于句首。not...until...表示“直到……才……”。如:
You may stay here until the rain stops.你可以在这里一直待到雨停。
He didn’t go to bed until he had finished his work.他直到完成工作才上床睡觉。
(6)since的用法
since引导的时间状语从句表示“自……以来”,主句用一般现在时、现在完成时或过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。如:
I have worked in this company since I graduated from Peking University.我从北京大学毕业后,一直在这家公司上班。
(7)as soon as的用法
as soon as引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即发生,意为“一……就……”。该从句经常用一般现在时表示将来。如:
As soon as he arrives,I’ll tell him.他一到,我就告诉他。
2.条件状语从句
(1)if的用法
含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。如:
I’ll visit the Great Wall if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨,我将去游览长城。
注意:if有两个意思,作“是否”讲时,引导宾语从句,意思同whether一样,从句的时态由事实决定;作“假如,如果”讲时,引导条件状语从句,此时若主句为将来时或祈使句,从句用一般现在时表将来。
He couldn’t tell if she was laughing or crying.
他弄不清她是在笑还是在哭。
We don’t know if it will rain tomorrow.
我们不知道明天是否会下雨。
If it rains tomorrow,we won’t have a sports meet.
明天如果下雨,我们就不开运动会了。
I don’t know if we can visit the museum if it snows tomorrow.
第一个if引导的是宾语从句,第二个if引导条件状语从句,译为“如果明天下雪,我不知道我们是否还能去参观博物馆。”
(2)unless的用法
unless意为“除非,如果不”,相当于“if...not...”。如:
Unless it rains,the game will be played.除非下雨,否则比赛将照常进行。
Unless you go at once,you will be late.如果你不马上走,就会迟到的。
(3)as long as的用法
as long as意为“只要”。如:
As long as we show our love,the world will be full of happiness.只要我们表现出我们的爱,世界将会充满幸福。
3.原因状语从句
(1)because的用法
表因果关系的语气最强,用来回答why的问句,所引出的原因往往是听话人所不知道或最感兴趣的,because引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。如:
I’m leaving because I am fed up with the boss.
我要离开是因为我讨厌老板。
My friends admire me because I am handsome and successful.
因为我帅气并且成功,所以我的朋友们羡慕我。
注意:because(因为)和so(所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里,两者只能用其一。
Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk there.=He was tired, so he couldn’t walk there.
因为他累了,所以他不能步行到那儿。
(2)since的用法
引出的原因往往是人们已知的事实,意为“既然”,通常放在句首。在复合句中since引导的从句是次要的,重点是主句的内容。如:
Since Monday is Bob’s birthday,let’s give him a party.
既然星期一是鲍勃的生日,咱们给他办一个聚会吧。
(3)as的用法
as与since用法差不多,所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要用because加以强调。as引导的原因状语从句与主句具有同等的重要性。如:
She didn’t hear us come in as she was asleep.她睡着了,没听见我们进来。
(4)now(that)的用法
now(that)主要用于口语,主、从句因果关系不明显,意为“既然”。如:
Now(that)you have come,you may as well stay.
既然你已经来了,就留下来吧。
注意:because, for, since, as的区别:
易混词 用法 例句
because 表示原因,强调直接原因和因果关系,它所引导的从句通常放在主句之后。常用来回答“why”引导的疑问句 —Why didn’t you go to the cinema 你为什么没有去看电影 —Because my mother was ill,and I had to stay at home and look after her.因为我妈妈病了,我得在家照顾她。
for 并列连词,表示间接的原因和理由,或对前一分句中事实的解释,for连接的分句不放在句首 Miss Gao can’t be in the office,for the door is locked.高小姐不可能在办公室,因为门是锁着的。
since 表示原因时语气比because弱,但比as强。它一般不表示根本或直接原因,而是一种已知的、显然的理由,意为“既然”,常放在句首 Since everybody is here,let’s begin our meeting.既然大家都在这儿,咱们开始开会吧。
as 表示原因时意义最弱,它所阐述的原因只是附带说明。多置于句首,只说明一般的因果关系,意为“鉴于” As you were out,I left a message.你不在,所以我留下了口信儿。
4.目的状语从句
(1)引导目的状语从句的词或词组有lest,so that,in order that 等,从句的谓语中常含有may,might,can,could,will,would 等情态动词。如:
He must get up early so that he can go to work on time.他必须早点起床,以便能按时上班。
(2)当从句主语与主句主语一致时,可用so as to,in order to对从句进行省略。如:
He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.
=He worked day and night in order to succeed.
他夜以继日地工作为的是取得成功。
5.结果状语从句
(1)由so...that, such...that 引导
用法 例句
so+形容词或副词+that He was so hard-working that he passed the exam.他如此勤劳,以至于通过了考试。
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that He was such a hard-working boy that he passed the exam.他是如此勤劳的一个男孩,以至于通过了考试。
such+形容词+复数名词+that Here are such interesting books that we can enjoy ourselves.这儿有如此有趣的书,以至于我们能玩得开心。
such+形容词+不可数名词+that There is such delicious bread that I can’t help eating. 那儿有如此美味的面包,以至于我忍不住吃。
so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that He was so hard-working a boy that he passed the exam.他是如此勤劳的一个男孩,以至于通过了考试。
当名词前面有many、much、little、few修饰时,用so而不用such。如:
She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.
=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much.
她是一个这么可爱的女孩,以至于我们都很喜欢她。
We have so much time that we can finish the work very well.
我们有如此多的时间,以至于我们能很好地完成工作。
(2)so...that句型的否定形式可用too...to...或not...enough to 构成的简单句代替。如:
He is so young that he can’t go to school.
=He is too young to go to school.
=He is not old enough to go to school.
他太小了不能去上学。
6.让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有though/although(虽然),even though/if(尽管),whoever/no matter who(无论谁),however/no matter how(无论怎样),whatever/no matter what(无论什么)。
(1)though与although的用法
although和though意义一样,都作“虽然,尽管”解,都表示让步,一般情况下可互换使用,只是although语气较重,大多置于句首。两个词可以与yet连用,但不与but连用。如:
They are generous though they are poor.虽然他们很穷,但他们很慷慨。
Although he was Japanese,he spent most of his life in China.尽管他是日本人,但他大多数时间是在中国度过的。
(2)even though与even if的用法
even though与even if都是“尽管,即使”的意思,表示语气更强的让步。如:
Even though he’s 24 now,he’s still like a little child.尽管他现在24岁了,但他仍然像个小孩子。
We’ll make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad.即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。
(3)wh-ever类引导词的用法
在英语中wh-ever既可引导名词性从句,还可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时常可换成“no matter+相应的wh-疑问词”,在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever。如:
Whenever I’m unhappy,it is my friend who cheers me up.
=No matter when I’m unhappy,it is my friend who cheers me up.
不管什么时候我不高兴,总是我的朋友使我振作起来。
7.比较状语从句
(1)than的用法
She made fewer mistakes than you did.她比你犯的错误少。
They work harder than we do.他们比我们工作更加努力。
The shirt is more expensive than they think.这件衬衫比他们想象的贵。
(2)as...as和not as/so...as的用法
He knows as much about America as we do.他和我们一样了解美国。
The task is not so easy as it sounds.这项任务不如听起来简单。
注:由于此类从句中有些成分经常要避免和主句的表达发生重复,所以常有省略,看起来结构不太完整。
8.地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要的有where, wherever。
Put the medicine where children can’t reach it.
把药放在孩子们拿不到的地方。
There were lots of parks where I lived.
我住的地方有许多公园。
题组训练
一、将下列句子改为同义句
1.Mr.Jiang bought a robot so as to have more free time.
Mr.Jiang bought a robot so that he could have more free time.
2.The match was so exciting that the audience clapped.
It was such an exciting match that the audience clapped.
3.You will be late for school if you don’t hurry.
You will be late for school unless you hurry.
4.It is thirty years since Mr.Green left his hometown.
Mr.Green has been away from his hometown for thirty years.
5.Cycling is not as interesting as diving.
Cycling is less interesting than diving.
随堂练习
一
选词填空。
if, when, after, before, until
1. I went to bed __________ the TV program was over.
2. Kitty will go to a movie with me __________ she has free time.
3. Remember to close the windows __________ you go out.
4. You’d better finish your homework __________ you go to bed.
5. Mike didn’t know it __________ I told him.
1. after 2. if 3. when 4. before 5. until
二、单项选择。
1. ―Could you tell me when he ____________ back
—Sure. He will come back as soon as he ____________ the classroom.
A. will come; finishes cleaning
B. comes; will finish cleaning
C. will come; will finish to clean
2. I’ll go to visit your uncle as soon as I ____________ Beijing.
A. get to B. will get to C. got to
3. Mr. Liu has taught us English ____________ he came to our school.
A. until B. because C. though D. since
4. My father was reading a newspaper ____________ my mother was cooking dinner.
A. when B. while C. as soon as D. Until
5. Many students didn’t realize the importance of study ____________ they left school.
A. when B. until C. as D. after
1. A 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我他将什么时候回来吗？——当然可以。他一打扫完教室就会回来。本题第一句是宾语从句，第二句是时间状语从句。根据回答He will come back...可知，本题第一空用一般将来时；第二空主句是一般将来时，as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时。故选A。
2. A 【解析】句意：我一到北京就去看望你的叔叔。主句是一般将来时，as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时。故选A。
3. D 【解析】句意：Mr. Liu自从来到我们学校，就开始教我们英语。A. until直到……；B. because因为；C. though尽管；D. since自从。这里是since引导的时间状语从句，遵循主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时态。根据题意，故选D。
4. B 【解析】句意：我的父亲正在读报纸，而我的母亲正在做晚饭。when当……时候；while然而，表示两者进行对比；as soon as一……就……；until直到……。此处是我父亲和母亲所做的事进行对比，故用连词while。故选B。
5. B 【解析】句意：许多学生直到离开学校后才认识到学习的重要性。when当……时候；until直到……；as当……时候；after在……之后。not… until…＂直到……才……＂，故选B。
二
1. You’d better take an umbrella with you ___________ you won’t get wet.
A. if B. unless C. since D. so that
2. This kind of flower needs special care ___________ it can live through winter.
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
3. You must leave here now___________ your mother can get some more rest.
A. became B. though C. so that
4. More and more couples would rather ___________ a second baby ___________ their first child can feel less lonely.
A. have；in order to B. to have；in order to
C. have；so that D. to have；so that
5. My mother exercises every day___________ fat.
A.in order not to get B.in order that
C.in order not to getting D.in order to not get
6. He is working hard ___________ he may pass his examination.
A. because B. so that C. in order to
1. D 【解析】句意：为了你不被淋湿，你最好随身带一把雨伞。A. if如果，表示条件；B. unless如果不，除非，表示条件；C. since自从，表示时间；既然，表示原因；D. so that以便，为了。表示目的。带雨伞的目的是为了不被淋湿，为了：so that。故选D。
2. B 【解析】句意：这种花需要特殊的护理，这样它才能活过冬天。because因为，表示原因，引导原因状语从句；so that为的是，以便于，引导目的状语从句；even if即使，尽管，引导让步状语从句；as当……时候，因为。根据句意可知，这种花需要特殊的护理是为了能活过冬天，这里是目的状语从句，故选B。
3. C 【解析】句意：你现在必须离开这里，以便你的母亲可以得到更多的休息。became变得；though尽管，表示让步状语；so that以便，表示目的；结合句意，前半句表示你现在必须离开，后半句表示你母亲可以多休息，故此处表示目的，故用so that引导。故选C。
4. C 【解析】句意：越来越多的夫妇愿意要第二个孩子以便他们的第一个孩子少一些孤独感。in order to+动词原形；so that+从句，都表示目的。would rather do 宁愿做某事，结合句意，故选C。
5. A 【解析】句意：我妈妈每天锻炼身体防止发胖。in order （not）to do sth为了（不）做某事，所以选A。
6. B 【解析】句意：他正在努力学习，以便他可以通过考试。because＂因为＂，表示原因，后面接从句；so that＂以便于＂，表示目的，后面接从句；in order to do sth为了，后面接动词原形，表示目的。此处是表示目的的状语从句，故用so that引导，故选B。
三
1. You won’t get to the subway station before 9 :00 am _______________ you leave earlier.
A. unless B. until C. because D. when
2. If New Mart _______________ 24 hours a day during the winter holiday, I will feel _______________.
A. is open；excited B. is open；exciting
C. will open；excited D. will open；exciting
3. I won’t be able to understand what you say, you speak too quickly.
A. if B. though C. because D. but
4. Lucy and I have been friends for years. _______________ my memory is correct, we first met in a meeting.
A. If B. Because C. Though D. When
5. I think you should complain _______________ you are happy with the situation.
A. unless B. however C. after D. though
6. I will have to close my clothes shop _______________ my business improves.
A. if B. unless C. after D. when
1. A 【解析】句意：除非你早点离开，否则你在九点之前不会到达地铁站。A. unless除非……；B. until直到……；C. because因为……；D. when什么时间。根据题意，除非你早点离开，所以连接词用unless。故正确答案为A。
2. A 【解析】句意：如果新玛特在寒假期间一天24小时营业，我将会感到很激动。if引导的条件状语从句不用将来时态，用一般现时态来代替；excited形容词，主要指人感到激动；exciting形容词，主要指令人激动的事，故选A。
3. A 【解析】句意：如果你说得太快，我将不能理解你说的话。A. if 如果；B. though 尽管；C. because 因为；D. but但是。这里是主将从现，if后引导的是一般现在时，主句用的是一般将来时。故选A。
4. A 【解析】句意：Lucy和我是多年的好朋友，如果我的记忆没错，我们第一次见面是在一次会议上。if如果，引导条件状语从句；because因为，引导原因状语从句；though尽管，引导让步状语从句；when当……时候，引导时间状语从句。根据句意可知，这里表示条件，故应选A。
5. A 【解析】句意：我认为你应该抱怨，除非你对这种情况感到满意。A. unless除非，如果不；B. however然而；可是；无论如何；C. after在……以后；D. though即使；虽然，尽管，不过，可是。结合句意和语境可知选A。
6. B 【解析】句意：除非我的生意有起色，否则我要关闭我的服装店。A.如果；B.除非；C.在……之后；D.当……时候。故选B。
一
Michelle, a famous lady, has found that more than 25% students are too fat in her country. It is a very serious problem. So she starts a health program to deal with it. The health program is to reduce the amount of fat students today and in the future.
The program will get families, schools, newspapers, magazines and TVs to join together and deal with the students’ obesity so that students will be at a healthier weight. The program includes: Food stores should sell healthier foods. Schools should serve healthier meals with less fat and should also offer gym classes.
The lady is trying to fight the students’ obesity all over the country because it can cause illnesses and higher health cost. She wants the students to eat right, exercise more and control their weight. She also wants the students to understand it is important to have less sweet food, and drink water, milk and fresh juices, but not to choose cokes. At the same time she has also set a good example by planting a vegetable garden. She hopes that the garden will encourage more people to plant one too.
The health program is really helpful to the students today and in the future. As she says, we cannot always build the future for youth, but we can build our youth for the future.
1. In Michelle’s country over _____ of the students are too fat.
A. a quarter B. a half C. 75% D. 15%
2. The underlined word “obesity” in the second paragraph means _____ in Chinese.
A. 厌食症 B. 肥胖症 C. 抑郁症 D. 强迫症
3. What does the lady want the shops to do
A. To offer gym classes.
B. To plant a vegetable garden.
C. To serve meals with less fat.
D. To sell healthier foods.
4. It’s a good way for fat students to have _____ every day.
A. more vegetables B. sweet foods C. many cokes D. much fat
5. What’s the main idea of the passage
A. The lady introduces healthy drinks.
B. The lady cares about food cost.
C. The lady fights obesity in students.
D. The lady feels worried about the height.
【答案】A.
【解析】细节理解题.根据第一段 Michelle, a famous lady, has found that more than 25% students are too fat in her country.可知在他的国家超过四分之一的学生肥胖.故选B,四分之一应该是 quarter.
【答案】B.
【解析】细节理解题.联系下文 so that students will be at a healthier weight,,,可知此处指的是,应对学生们的肥胖问题.故选B.
【答案】D.
【解析】细节理解题.根据短文第二段The program includes: Food stores should sell healthier foods,可知这位女士认为,商店应该销售健康的食品.故选D.
【答案】A.
【解析】细节理解题.根据短文第三段She also wants the students She hopes that the garden will encourage more people to plant one too,可知每天多吃蔬菜对于肥胖学生来说是个很好的方法.故选A.
【答案】C.
【解析】细节理解题.根据第一段中 So she stats a health program to deal withit和第三 T段开头 he lady is trying to fight the students' obesity all over the country because it can cause illnesses and higher cost,可知这篇短文中主要介绍了一位女士,向学生们中的肥胖问题发起挑战的故事.故选C.
二
In some American countries like Canada and America， people usually tip（给小费）in some places． They tip in restaurants，airports， hotels， and hair salons（美发厅）because many people who work in these places get small money． A tip shows that a person is pleased with their work．
The usual tip for other kinds of service， for example， for taxi driver， hairdressers（理发师）and waiters， Is between 10% and 20% of the bill． The size of the tip is decided by how pleased you are for their work People do not tip in cafeterias（小餐馆）or fast food restaurants．
At airports， workers who carry the bags for you usually get a dollar tip for each bag． Hotel workers usually get a dollar for carrying one or two suitcases（手提箱）． A hotel door attendant（服务生）or parking valet（停车场）also gets about a dollar for getting a taxi or for parking a car． Many people also tip hotel room attendants when they stay in a hotel for several days． They usually leave a dollar for each day．
1.If you tip in a restaurant， it shows ．
A．you want to make them happy B． your money is important to them
C． you think their work is good D． you think their work b bad
2.Your bill is ﹩200， then the tip will be ．
A． ﹩200 B． ﹩20 C．﹩100 D． ﹩120
3.Where don't you tip？
A． In cafeterias． B． In restaurants． C． In airports． D． In hair salons．
4.The better a waiter's service is，the a tip is．
A． Less B． more C． Roost D． least
5.People usually tip in ．
A． China． B．Japan C． India． D． America
1【答案】C．
【解析】细节理解题．根据A tip shows that a person is pleased with their work．小费表明一个人对他们的工作很满意．故选C．
2【答案】B．
【解析】细节理解题．根据The usual tip for other kinds of service， for example， for taxi driver， hairdressers（理发师）and waiters， Is between 10% and 20% of the bill． 其他的一些服务类型，例如出租车司机，理发师和服务员，通常小费是该账单的10%至20%．故选B．
3【答案】A．
【解析】细节理解题．根据People do not tip in cafeterias（小餐馆）or fast food restaurants．人们不会在小餐馆或快餐店给小费．故选A．
4【答案】B．
【解析】细节理解题．根据 The size of the tip is decided by how pleased you are for their work．小费的大小取决于您对工作的满意程度．可知服务生的服务越好，就会得到越多的小费．故选B．
5【答案】D．
【解析】细节理解题．根据In some American countries like Canada and America， people usually tip（给小费）in some places．在一些美国国家，如加拿大和美国，人们通常在某些地方给小费．故选D．
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