中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
阅读理解之推理判断,主旨大意题
一．推理判断
辨析Fact or Inference
推断原则：正确选项必须是由文中事实推断出的另一个正确的事实，而不是文章细节的直接陈述。
此类题型要求考生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推断出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义。
1. 常见设问方式
What can we learn from the passage？
From the passage, we can learn that...
The writer probably agrees that...
We can infer from the passage that...
2.解题技巧
考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理，在已知和未知信息之间搭起桥梁，透过字里行间体会“弦外之音”，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。常见的有以下两种推理判断：
1.针对文中细节的推断
作者为了说明一个主题或者观点，肯定会做出一系列论述或解释，采用的方式可能是举例、论证、摆事实或讲道理、提出问题或者分析事件的原因等。这种题型常常集中对文章中某一点或几点、某一方面或几方面、某一部分或几部分提出问题。回答这类问题时，考生首先应仔细阅读原文以确定推理依据的范围，然后按题意进行推断。
例子1
Many whale species, too, travel with their families, including both grandmothers and grandcalves. In groups of sperm whales, according to Dagg, old females help babysit the group’s young while their mothers dive(潜水) for food. Orca grandmothers often lead their family members and can live for many years after they stop reproducing. In 2015, scientists suggested that these elder orcas help their grandcalves through hard times, because they remember all the best places to find food.
( )24. From Paragraph 3, we know that orca grandmothers_______.
A. die after reproducing
B. teach the young to dive for food
C. have rich experience
D. enjoy travelling with grandfathers
2.针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向的判断
例子2
When technology becomes a focus, quality(有质量的) time for families goes down, which in turn affects everyone’s life. Lack of family interaction causes the family’s unity to weaken, and each of the family will be influenced in different ways. Children are more likely to develop unhealthy habits when they fail to interact with their parents. Meanwhile, parents who put work before family or pay less attention to their children’s growth are more likely to face bad parent child relationship. 67 percent of American teens say they want
to spend more time with their parents, which is rather sad. Therefore, this passage is meant to show how technology has negatively influenced families.
29. What’s the writer’s attitude towards the technology influence？
A. Puzzled. B. Worried. C. Surprised. D. Satisfied.
二．主旨(段落)大意
主旨(段落)大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章或段落进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这类题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
1. 常见设问方式
What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？
What does the passage mainly talk about？
What’s the passage mainly about？
2. 解题技巧
“主题句定位法”是一种掌握全文或段落主旨大意行之有效的方法。主题句在文章中的位置，通常有以下四种情况：
1.开门见山式
主题句出现在文(段)首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、论证或发展主题思想。
例子3
It may be hard to believe, but the American Revolution(革命)—the war that freed the American states from British control — began over a cup of tea. Tea was not the only thing that caused the war, of course, but it played a very big part.
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
In 1767, the British introduced new laws that increased the prices of all goods which were brought into America. These laws helped make the East India Company even richer and forced local people to pay much more for everything. The American leaders asked the British government not to do so, but the British refused to listen. These unfair laws increased Americans' anger about British rule and the rest, as they say, is history.
5. What is the passage mainly about
A. Tea trade in eighteenth century America.
B. The relationship between America and Britain.
C. A reason for the start of the American Revolutionary War.
D. The introduction of British tea drinking habits into America.
2.藏头露尾式
例子4
Later that day, Dad came home and said to Jessie’s mom, “You didn’t have to mow the lawn. I was going to do it on Saturday. It looks great. Thanks.”
“I didn’t mow it. Jessie did.”
“Wow, our little girl is growing up！” Dad told Jessie what a great job she had done.
“It was fun, and I will do it again next week, ” said Jessie.
The neighbor next door came by and asked Jessie if she wanted to mow his lawn and make some money.“Sure！” said Jessie. Jessie
began mowing his lawn. Two other neighbors asked also, then another three. Jessie was now mowing lawns for them all and making some money. She was no longer bored！“I won’t have time to spend my money, ” she laughed to herself.
50. What does the text mainly tell us？
A. Neighbors should learn to help each other.
B. Mowing the lawn is a good way to make money.
C. Doing something helpful can make people happy.
D. Children should help their parents at an early age.
首尾呼应式
例子5
Many people think that the regulation can surely better protect Chinese young game players online, while others doubt whether it can successfully stop them from playing games too much. “More and more people come to know that playing online games too much not only brings teenagers health and study problems, but also makes them depressed(沮丧的) and lonely, ” Tong Xiaojun, a director from a university, told CCTV, “We need support from the whole society to solve the problems.”
( )33. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. not many young people have the same problem as Lin Tao in China
B. it is impossible to control teenagers’ online game time
C. the game companies will offer teenagers prizes if they play well
D. everyone should play a part in controlling teenagers’ online game time
三．标题归纳
标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。选择标题在英语阅读理解题中属于主旨大意题，是深层理解题。常见的设问方式和解题技巧如下：
1. 常见设问方式
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
What can be the best title for the passage？
What is the best title of the passage？
2. 解题技巧
通常情况下，标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点。所谓概括性，就是指标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题；针对性是对标题外延的一种界定，标题要直接指向文章的主要特点；醒目性是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章的阅读兴趣。解题时，要注意：
关注核心及高频词汇
根据主题句提炼标题
标题对文章的主题具有概括性。因此，寻找文章的主题句是解答标题归纳题的核心。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。
例子7
There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food, taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The general sleeping rule is that the younger you are， the longer sleep you need. But regardless of(不管) age, some people need to sleep more while for others a few hours is enough.
The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the World Health Organization, over half the people in the world may be sleep deprived. Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents. In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100, 000 traffic accidents a year. Also sleep problems can cause medical problems such as high blood pressure(血压).
( )35. What is the best title of the passage？
A. The Value of Sleep B. The Value of Study
C. The Ways of Eating Less D. The Ways of Making Money
随堂练习
一
Walking Wonder
When was the last time you went for a walk Where did you go What was it like It’s obvious that walking is good for you, but just how good
According to an early research, walking is a great kind of exercise because it is good for keeping physical fitness and controlling your weight. It can also stop heart disease from happening and lower the risk of cancer (癌症). And walking is sure to be the useful means of improving your mood (情绪) and relieving stress. But now scientists have discovered something else. A latest study has found that healthy people who walk at least eight kilometers a week have bigger brains, better memories and improved mental functions(功 能)compared with less active people. For these reasons, we decided to ask a few people about their walking habits.
“I often go for a walk before lunch in the park near where I work I find it’s great for building up my appetite and the lunch tastes much more delicious.” James Barnes.
“I go walking every weekend. It’s the same route but it’s always different. In the autumn, you can pick up the golden leaves. In the spring when the flowers come out, the colors are incredible. And in winter when it snows, the crunching sound as you walk is incredible. ” John Nichols.
“I live in the city and often walk home instead of taking the underground. I also walk up and down the stairs for a bit of exercise. ” Declan Smith.
“London is a great place to walk. I can walk from my home to where I work right through Regent’s Park, with its tall, majestic tree.” Simon Tressel.
“I’ve been getting ready for the Moon Walk, which takes place in May. It's a walk-a-thon (步行马拉松) through London to raise money for people with cancer. As part of the training, I’ve been going for long, fast walks every three days.” Dave Symonds.
So, will you be going for a walk soon
27. The second and third paragraphs mainly talk about________.
A. the benefits of walking B. the early research about walking
C. the latest study about walking D. the public opinions about walking
28. The phrase “building up my appetite” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ________”.
A. cheering me up B. making me relaxed
C. keeping me happy D. making me eat more
29. The Moon Walk is probably________.
A. an interest club B. a project to keep healthy
C. a fitness center D. a walk to raise money for patients
二
Recently, researchers have reported on new ways to break down different kinds of plastics. The new studies could lead to easier high-quality (高质量的) recycling, and help deal with toxic (有毒的) plastic pollution.
The world is being covered by plastic, but only about 9% of plastic products are ever recycled. Every year, over 7.72 trillion kilograms of plastic finds its way into the world’s oceans. But bacteria (细菌) may help recycle, even when humans don’t.
Bacteria are small living things—so small that we need a microscope (显微镜) to see them. Bacteria feed themselves in many different ways. Some bacteria can “eat” other things by changing the chemicals ( 化学物质) in those things into something that will help the bacteria grow.
The secret to this is enzymes (酶). Bacteria use enzymes to cause chemical changes. Enzymes can work like a pair of scissors, cutting and breaking apart other materials.
Most people know PET plastic. It is used in water and soda bottles. About 63.5 billion kilograms of PET plastic is produced every year. Most PET is thrown away, but even when it is recycled, it can't be made into new bottles. Usually it’s turned into products like carpets (地毯).
In 2012, in the decaying (腐烂的) leaves, scientists discovered an enzyme called LCC that slowly breaks apart PET plastics. Years later, scientists working at the French company Carbios chose LCC from nearly 100,000 enzymes. It was the best at breaking down PET.
But the scientists wanted to improve LCC. They studied the enzyme and the way it attacked the PET. By testing thousands of small changes to the enzyme, they came up with a new kind of LCC. The new kind can be alive at higher temperatures and can eat through PET very quickly.
The process turns the PET plastic back into the materials that it was made from.
Those materials can then be used again to make new bottles or other products.
The researchers compared their new LCC with the old enzyme, and were satisfied with the results. When the environment was just right, the new LCC was able to break up 90% of the PET in just ten hours. The old enzyme took about 20 hours and only broke up half of the PET.
30. How much PET plastic is produced every year
A. About 7.72 trillion kilograms. B. About 63.5 billion kilograms.
C. About 100 thousand kilograms. D. About 2 hundred kilograms.
31. What do you know about the bacteria from the passage
A. Bacteria can be seen with our eyes.
B. Bacteria can break down other materials directly.
C. Bacteria use enzymes to create physical changes in things.
D. Bacteria are small living things that feed on unusual forms of “food”.
32. According to the passage, what is the relationship between PET plastic and LCC
A. The earliest LCC couldn’t break down PET plastic.
B. LCC can help stop PET plastic from breaking down.
C. PET plastic can now be recycled faster because of a new kind of LCC.
D. The used PET plastic will become another kind of pollution because of LCC.
33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Bacteria: Growing by eating chemicals
B. Enzymes: Working like a pair of scissors
C. PET: Being widely to make water and soda bottles
D. LCC: Leading to easier high-quality PET plastic recycling
三
Playing for Peace
John Hunter, a primary school teacher, created the World Peace Game as a way for his students to think about big world problems.
The World Peace Game is played on a cube （立方体）of four layers. In the game, there are four countries with 50 interconnected problems to solve. The students play a role in developing solutions to the problems of their assigned （指定的）country. The goal of the game is to save each country from dangerous conditions. When all 50 problems are solved, the game is over, which means the world is in peace.
You might think that the task of solving real-world problems would be daunting to world leaders, let alone fourth graders. Julianne Swope, one of Hunter's students, agrees. "Sometimes the World Peace Game feels like, you know The weight of the world on your shoulders: This is firing over there and this is a big earthquake, she says. "But I say to myself, I need to fix this." The game shows that young children have the desire to make the world a better, more peaceful place.
The game encourages students to work together and communicate with one another. Students think about questions that have no clear answers, which often leads to long discussions. They consider deep questions in the process and think about the possible results of their decisions. They try to develop creative solutions that lead to a satisfactory decision.
It is no surprise that both Hunter and the World Peace Game are becoming well known. Hunter now spends part of his time teaching the World Peace Game to other teachers. Schools in other countries have started their own versions （版本）of the game as well.
Hunter hopes that by playing for peace, students learn "how to make people not experience so much pain. " He adds, "I think I now hope the game helps people be kinder. " One of his former students, Irene Newman, is now studying peace in her university. She believes the world will be more peaceful if young people are to solve its problems.
27. How is the World Peace Game played
A. Students team up to play the game online.
B. Students answer 50 questions during the game.
C. Students come up with solutions to 50 problems.
D. Students list the dangerous conditions of four countries.
28. The word "daunting” in Paragraph 3 probably means "________".
A. frightening B. surprising C. attractive D. simple
29. What do you know about the World Peace Game from the passage
A. The design o this game needs to be improved.
B. John Hunter educates his students through this game.
C. John Hunter limits this game to students in his school.
D. This game helps students easily become leaders in the future.
四
Kids go to school to learn plenty of subjects. Finally education prepares kids to have a meaningful career （职业）in a field they enjoy. So thinking and learning about career choices before high school is always a good idea. But when should kids begin career education
When you were a kid, what did you want to be when you grew up A teacher A doctor Or a baseball player Preschool-aged children naturally think about their future careers. By imagining, exploring and role-playing, kids are likely to choose careers that interest them. Encouraging this career role-playing is healthy and can be quite telling; kids often clearly prefer either left-brained or right-brained roles.
At some point beyond the role-playing stage, students should be shown to a more serious career education curriculum （课程）. You may think that career education isn't all that necessary until kids finish high school, because that's when they're usually expected to get a job or choose a course of study in college. Experts （专家）disagree.
“The influence of early involvement can have a hugely good effect on wider academic （学术的）achievements, helping both children and their families to see a future which is achievable." writes Robert Halfon, chair of the Education Select Committee in the UK.
Many experts accept the idea that career education should begin at a young age. They suggest career education in school should progress as follows:
Kids in primary school should learn about why people work.
Kids in early middle school should learn about the importance of a career in earning money
Kids in grades seven through ten should begin to discuss and think about different jobs.
Kids in grades ten and beyond should discover their strengths and interests, recognize suitable careers, and become involved in specific activities to help them understand what they need to work on to do their dream career.
Starting career education early prepares students for the real world by making the connection between what they're learning in school and why they’re learning it. For example, if a child wants to build tall buildings and knows that math skills are necessary in such a career, the child will be more likely to study, rather than hate, math.
Career education opens kids' minds to all that is possible. And, at the end of the day, isn't that what parents and teachers want for their kids and students
30. What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A. Kids feel confident about choosing their careers.
B. It's natural for kids to change their career choices.
C. Kids do career role-playing to develop their interests.
D. It's normal for kids to think about their future careers.
31. Experts suggest that career education in school should ______.
A. develop in different grades
B. promise kids academic success
C. help kids know their strengths first
D. provide kids with rich job experience
32. What does the example of the child who wants to build tall buildings show
A. Math skills are the most important in school education.
B. Career education can help children find out what they want to do.
C. Children who want to build tall buildings are usually good at math.
D. Career education makes children more willing to study for their future jobs.
33. The writer probably agrees that ______ .
A. career education should begin earlier for kids
B. kids don't need to worry about their future careers
C. kids should learn all subjects well for future careers
D. career education in middle school is not a must for kids
五
Imagine this. There’s an apple and a piece of cake on a table. Which one would you like The delicious cake or the healthy apple A bestseller, Willpower Rediscovering Our Greater Strength, suggests that willpower (意志力) is the ability to make decisions that are better for us in the long term, rather than in the short term.
Here is a famous experiment in the book: the marshmallow (棉花糖) test. In 1972, Professor Walter Mischel tested the willpower of 600 four-year-olds to six-year-olds. In the experiment, each child was left alone in a room for fifteen minutes with a marshmallow on a table in front of them. They were given two choices: they could either eat it or, if they waited fifteen minutes, they’d be given a second one and then they could eat both.
So, what did the kids do Well, as you can imagine, 70% ate the first marshmallow within the fifteen minutes. But the other 30% showed willpower they controlled themselves and waited for the second marshmallow. But then Mischel discovered something really interesting. Twenty years later, he got in touch with the children, who, by then, were in their early twenties. And he found that those who’d shown strong willpower were getting better marks at university and were more popular.
Willpower is like a muscle (肌肉), and the more you exercise it, the stronger it gets. So, if you do daily “self-control exercises”, such as making your bed or brushing your teeth, you’ll improve your overall willpower. And daily willpower exercises will help you with those bigger goals, such as studying for an exam or training for a marathon.
Be careful though. Just like any muscle, your “willpower muscle” can get tired. If you’ve had to do lots of things that require willpower, take a break or give yourself a treat. That way, you’ll build up your willpower again.
And one last thing, the writer mentions people who learn foreign languages usually have a lot of willpower. So, congratulations!
27. From the marshmallow test, we can learn that ______.
A. the kids felt difficult to make choices B. most of the kids showed weak willpower
C. marshmallows could help improve willpower D. the kids could eat one marshmallow every fifteen minutes
28. The writer probably agrees that ______.
A. willpower should be kept practicing without any stop
B. willpower can be built up by dealing with difficulties
C. strong willpower can help people achieve their goals
D. strong willpower can help people make right decisions
29. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The finding of the experiment. B. The process of the experiment.
C. The purpose of the experiment. D. The background of the experiment.
六
You feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving. If you give without spending time filling your own needs, then it’s likely you will burn out, or feel upset. When you take without giving anything back, you never feel fulfilled, so you are always searching for ways to fill the empty space in your life.
The way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving is to know and then live by your values. I break values up into two groups which I call “being” values and “having” values.
Your “being” values are the personalities (性格) of the ideal (理想的) person you would like to be. People can choose some “being” values that they are willing to make a promise to live by. An example of some “being” values are: kind, loving, generous, peaceful, wise and even powerful. By acting on these values, you give to others through your actions and you inspire (激励) others by being a positive role model. Mastering being these personalities becomes your life purpose.
Your “having” values are the feelings you need to create in order to be happy. These could be companionship, achievement or support. This is what you receive. You take responsibility for filling your own needs by taking steps to create these feelings and conditions in your life.
When you make a promise to live by your “being” values, it becomes easier to make conscious (慎重的) choices. If you usually talk about your problems, you could choose to think and act like a calm person. A calm person might go for a walk, or set a time limit before you react. If you usually worry about something, you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person. A responsible or wise person might have the courage to deal with difficulties they meet. In other words, you would act like the person you choose to be—this is the key to personal power.
When you choose to act on your values, you not only feel good about yourself, but you make your chosen beliefs stronger. Over time acting in this way changes how you see the world, and in turn the way other people think of you.
30. The word “fulfilled” in Paragraph 1 probably means “______”.
A. satisfied B. disappointed C. awful D. powerful
31. According to the passage, living by your “being” values, you would ______.
A. get a lot of power B. receive support from others
C. fill your own needs D. form positive personalities
32. What can we learn from the passage
A. Having values are more important than being values.
B. The way other people think of you changes your values.
C. You may shake your beliefs when your values are clear to you.
D. Acting on your values can help balance what you give and receive.
33. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A. To show the importance of giving. B. To explain what personal values are.
C. To tell people how to be truly happy. D. To encourage people to have a life purpose.
七
The first day of school our professor introduced him-self and someone very special—a little old lady to me. She said, “Hi, handsome. My name is Rose. I’m eighty-seven years old. Can I give you a hug ”I laughed and warmly answered, “Of course you may.”and she gave me a giant hug.
“Why are you in college at such a young, innocent(天真的)age ”I asked. She jokingly replied, “I’m there to meet a rich husband, get married, have a couple of children, and then retire and travel.”“No, seriously ”I asked. I was curious about what I heard.
“I always dreamed of having a college education and now I’m getting one,” she told me. After class we walked to the student union building and shared a chocolate milk shake. We became instant friends. Every day for the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always fond of listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.
Over the course of the year, Rose became famous in the college and she easily made friends wherever she went. At the end of the school year we invited Rose to speak at our football celebration party. I’ll never forget what she taught us.
At the beginning of the party she was so nervous that she almost fell over, then she leaned into the microphone and said,“I’m sorry I’m so nervous. I’ll never get my speech back in order so let me just tell you what I know.”As we laughed she cleared her throat and began:“We do not stop playing because we are old;we grow old because we stop playing. There are only four secrets to staying young, being happy, and achieving success.”
“You have to laugh and find humor every day.”
“You’ve got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die. We have so many people walking around who are dead and don’t even know it.”
“There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don’t do one productive thing, you will turn twenty years old. If I am eighty-seven years old and stay in bed for a year and never do anything I will turn eighty-eight. Anybody can grow older. That doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding the opportunity in change.”
“Have no regrets. The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets.”
She concluded her speech by courageously singing The Rose. She challenged each of us to study the lyrics(歌词) and live them out in our daily lives.
At the year’s end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.
Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in tribute to the wonderful woman who taught by example that it’s never too late to be all you can possibly be.
Remember, growing older is a must, growing up is a choice.
1.The first two paragraphs are mainly about .
A.the writer’s school professor B.the writer’s first meeting with Rose
C.how Rose met a handsome young college boy D.why Rose was in college at such a young, innocent age
2.The underlined phrase“in tribute to”probably means“ ”.
A.to show respect for B.to say thanks to
C.in favor of D.in fond of
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Rose went to college to meet a rich husband, and get married.
B.Rose was often invited to give speeches in public.
C.Rose failed to graduate from the college.
D.Rose lived an active life.
八
Parents and children often face the challenges of money. Common topics include setting the pocket money, learning to save, and deciding on expensive purchases. The goal of most parents is to teach their kids how to manage money wisely. The goal of most kids is getting money to spend. How can families balance these goals
“All parents hope they’ll raise a money-savvy kid, who’ll grow up to be an adult wise in their money use,” says financial(金融的) planner Peg Eddy. “The key is letting kids learn by having a little money of their own.”
The Tidler family in Denver found the best way to teach kids about money was to let their kids earn some. Their son, Ryan, 17, has been helping with their garden since he was 8. Now he has been able to save $7,800. Ryan has come to see the value in making his own money even when other kids are given money by their parents.
Learn Now, Save Later
Money skills are an important part of becoming a successful adult. David Brady, another financial planner, says, “Young people today will have much more responsibility for their financial future than their parents or grandparents.”
Brady does remind kids. “They shouldn’t be thinking about money all the time,” he says. “However, they should understand basic rules for earning, saving and investing(投资).”
That knowledge is greatly needed. Over the past years, the average credit card debt(债务) of Americans aged 18 to 24 doubled, to nearly $3,000. Among high school students, four out of five have never taken a personal-finance class.
Talking About It
Many kids want to learn how to manage their money. But parents think only about what kids shouldn’t do. Instead, experts say, knowing how to manage money is the best way for kids to get what they really want. That means long-term planning and saving for big expenses like college or a car. It also means thinking of others, by making donations to charity(慈善).
Giselle Lopez, 17, of New York City, learned the hard way. She was over $2,000 in debt on her first credit card. Her parents refused to pay, so Giselle got a job. Then she paid the debt off slowly herself. “Now every time I use it, I know that it comes from my own pocket,” Giselle says. “That gives me a sense of responsibility for my actions.”
Different kids will have different styles when it comes to money. Teaching them how to use money doesn t have to mean setting strict rules. When children like Ryan and Giselle have their own money to consider, they can learn to set those rules themselves.
1.Brady believes that .
A.parents should attend more personal-finance classes B.parents should teach their kids how to save
C.kids should learn how to manage money D.kids should follow the school rules
2.Why did the writer say Giselle Lopez “learned the hard way”
A.Because she had to pay the debt off slowly herself.
B.Because she had to make donations to charity.
C.Because she had difficulty finishing her job.
D.Because she had too many credit cards.
3.What is the best title for the passage
A.Saving Matters! B.Parents Rule!
C.Classes Work! D.Money Counts!
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阅读理解之推理判断,主旨大意题
一．推理判断
辨析Fact or Inference
推断原则：正确选项必须是由文中事实推断出的另一个正确的事实，而不是文章细节的直接陈述。
此类题型要求考生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推断出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义。
1. 常见设问方式
What can we learn from the passage？
From the passage, we can learn that...
The writer probably agrees that...
We can infer from the passage that...
2.解题技巧
考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理，在已知和未知信息之间搭起桥梁，透过字里行间体会“弦外之音”，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。常见的有以下两种推理判断：
1.针对文中细节的推断
作者为了说明一个主题或者观点，肯定会做出一系列论述或解释，采用的方式可能是举例、论证、摆事实或讲道理、提出问题或者分析事件的原因等。这种题型常常集中对文章中某一点或几点、某一方面或几方面、某一部分或几部分提出问题。回答这类问题时，考生首先应仔细阅读原文以确定推理依据的范围，然后按题意进行推断。
例子1
Many whale species, too, travel with their families, including both grandmothers and grandcalves. In groups of sperm whales, according to Dagg, old females help babysit the group’s young while their mothers dive(潜水) for food. Orca grandmothers often lead their family members and can live for many years after they stop reproducing. In 2015, scientists suggested that these elder orcas help their grandcalves through hard times, because they remember all the best places to find food.
( )24. From Paragraph 3, we know that orca grandmothers_______.
A. die after reproducing
B. teach the young to dive for food
C. have rich experience
D. enjoy travelling with grandfathers
C
2.针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向的判断
例子2
When technology becomes a focus, quality(有质量的) time for families goes down, which in turn affects everyone’s life. Lack of family interaction causes the family’s unity to weaken, and each of the family will be influenced in different ways. Children are more likely to develop unhealthy habits when they fail to interact with their parents. Meanwhile, parents who put work before family or pay less attention to their children’s growth are more likely to face bad parent child relationship. 67 percent of American teens say they want
to spend more time with their parents, which is rather sad. Therefore, this passage is meant to show how technology has negatively influenced families.
29. What’s the writer’s attitude towards the technology influence？
A. Puzzled. B. Worried. C. Surprised. D. Satisfied.
题干意为：作者对技术影响的态度是什么？作者说到技术越发达，家庭的连结越会弱化，孩子在和父母无法交流的情况下会有不健康的习惯以及父母和孩子的关系会恶化等。由最后一句中的“negatively influenced”可知说的是技术对家庭的消极影响。作者对此的态度是担忧的。故选B。
二．主旨(段落)大意
主旨(段落)大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章或段落进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这类题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
1. 常见设问方式
What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？
What does the passage mainly talk about？
What’s the passage mainly about？
2. 解题技巧
“主题句定位法”是一种掌握全文或段落主旨大意行之有效的方法。主题句在文章中的位置，通常有以下四种情况：
1.开门见山式
主题句出现在文(段)首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、论证或发展主题思想。
例子3
It may be hard to believe, but the American Revolution(革命)—the war that freed the American states from British control — began over a cup of tea. Tea was not the only thing that caused the war, of course, but it played a very big part.
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
In 1767, the British introduced new laws that increased the prices of all goods which were brought into America. These laws helped make the East India Company even richer and forced local people to pay much more for everything. The American leaders asked the British government not to do so, but the British refused to listen. These unfair laws increased Americans' anger about British rule and the rest, as they say, is history.
5. What is the passage mainly about
A. Tea trade in eighteenth century America.
B. The relationship between America and Britain.
C. A reason for the start of the American Revolutionary War.
D. The introduction of British tea drinking habits into America.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：短文主要是关于什么的？A项：18世纪美国茶叶贸易；B项：英美关系；C项：美国革命战争的原因之一；D项：英国饮茶习惯引入美国的介绍。本文讲述了美国革命爆发的其中一个重要原因——茶。故选C。
2.藏头露尾式
例子4
Later that day, Dad came home and said to Jessie’s mom, “You didn’t have to mow the lawn. I was going to do it on Saturday. It looks great. Thanks.”
“I didn’t mow it. Jessie did.”
“Wow, our little girl is growing up！” Dad told Jessie what a great job she had done.
“It was fun, and I will do it again next week, ” said Jessie.
The neighbor next door came by and asked Jessie if she wanted to mow his lawn and make some money.“Sure！” said Jessie. Jessie
began mowing his lawn. Two other neighbors asked also, then another three. Jessie was now mowing lawns for them all and making some money. She was no longer bored！“I won’t have time to spend my money, ” she laughed to herself.
50. What does the text mainly tell us？
A. Neighbors should learn to help each other.
B. Mowing the lawn is a good way to make money.
C. Doing something helpful can make people happy.
D. Children should help their parents at an early age.
题干意为：这篇文章主要告诉我们什么？根据倒数第二段“It was fun, and I will do it again next week，...”和最后一段倒数第二句“She was no longer bored！”可知，做有帮助的事情使杰西消除乏味，感到快乐。故选C。
首尾呼应式
例子5
Many people think that the regulation can surely better protect Chinese young game players online, while others doubt whether it can successfully stop them from playing games too much. “More and more people come to know that playing online games too much not only brings teenagers health and study problems, but also makes them depressed(沮丧的) and lonely, ” Tong Xiaojun, a director from a university, told CCTV, “We need support from the whole society to solve the problems.”
( )33. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. not many young people have the same problem as Lin Tao in China
B. it is impossible to control teenagers’ online game time
C. the game companies will offer teenagers prizes if they play well
D. everyone should play a part in controlling teenagers’ online game time
D
三．标题归纳
标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。选择标题在英语阅读理解题中属于主旨大意题，是深层理解题。常见的设问方式和解题技巧如下：
1. 常见设问方式
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
What can be the best title for the passage？
What is the best title of the passage？
2. 解题技巧
通常情况下，标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点。所谓概括性，就是指标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题；针对性是对标题外延的一种界定，标题要直接指向文章的主要特点；醒目性是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章的阅读兴趣。解题时，要注意：
关注核心及高频词汇
根据主题句提炼标题
标题对文章的主题具有概括性。因此，寻找文章的主题句是解答标题归纳题的核心。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。
例子7
There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food, taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The general sleeping rule is that the younger you are， the longer sleep you need. But regardless of(不管) age, some people need to sleep more while for others a few hours is enough.
The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the World Health Organization, over half the people in the world may be sleep deprived. Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents. In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100, 000 traffic accidents a year. Also sleep problems can cause medical problems such as high blood pressure(血压).
( )35. What is the best title of the passage？
A. The Value of Sleep B. The Value of Study
C. The Ways of Eating Less D. The Ways of Making Money
A
随堂练习
一
Walking Wonder
When was the last time you went for a walk Where did you go What was it like It’s obvious that walking is good for you, but just how good
According to an early research, walking is a great kind of exercise because it is good for keeping physical fitness and controlling your weight. It can also stop heart disease from happening and lower the risk of cancer (癌症). And walking is sure to be the useful means of improving your mood (情绪) and relieving stress. But now scientists have discovered something else. A latest study has found that healthy people who walk at least eight kilometers a week have bigger brains, better memories and improved mental functions(功 能)compared with less active people. For these reasons, we decided to ask a few people about their walking habits.
“I often go for a walk before lunch in the park near where I work I find it’s great for building up my appetite and the lunch tastes much more delicious.” James Barnes.
“I go walking every weekend. It’s the same route but it’s always different. In the autumn, you can pick up the golden leaves. In the spring when the flowers come out, the colors are incredible. And in winter when it snows, the crunching sound as you walk is incredible. ” John Nichols.
“I live in the city and often walk home instead of taking the underground. I also walk up and down the stairs for a bit of exercise. ” Declan Smith.
“London is a great place to walk. I can walk from my home to where I work right through Regent’s Park, with its tall, majestic tree.” Simon Tressel.
“I’ve been getting ready for the Moon Walk, which takes place in May. It's a walk-a-thon (步行马拉松) through London to raise money for people with cancer. As part of the training, I’ve been going for long, fast walks every three days.” Dave Symonds.
So, will you be going for a walk soon
27. The second and third paragraphs mainly talk about________.
A. the benefits of walking B. the early research about walking
C. the latest study about walking D. the public opinions about walking
28. The phrase “building up my appetite” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ________”.
A. cheering me up B. making me relaxed
C. keeping me happy D. making me eat more
29. The Moon Walk is probably________.
A. an interest club B. a project to keep healthy
C. a fitness center D. a walk to raise money for patients
本文介绍了散步的好处，以及分享了几个人的散步习惯。
27【答案】A主旨大意题。根据“According to an early research, walking is a great kind of exercise because it is good for keeping physical fitness and controlling your weight.”及“I often go for a walk before lunch in the park near where I work. I find it’s great for building up my appetite and the lunch tastes much more delicious”可知，这两段介绍了散步的好处，故选A。
28【答案】D词句猜测题根据“I find it’s great for building up my appetite and the lunch tastes much more delicious”可知，散步之后会增加食欲，午餐尝起来更美味，所以”building up my appetite“表示“增加食欲”，与“making me eat more”同义，故选D。
29【答案】D细节理解题。根据“I’ve been getting ready for the Moon Walk, which takes place in May. It's a walk-a-thon (步行马拉松) through London to raise money for people with cancer”可知，Moon Walk是为癌症患者募捐的一次步行马拉松，故选D。
二
Recently, researchers have reported on new ways to break down different kinds of plastics. The new studies could lead to easier high-quality (高质量的) recycling, and help deal with toxic (有毒的) plastic pollution.
The world is being covered by plastic, but only about 9% of plastic products are ever recycled. Every year, over 7.72 trillion kilograms of plastic finds its way into the world’s oceans. But bacteria (细菌) may help recycle, even when humans don’t.
Bacteria are small living things—so small that we need a microscope (显微镜) to see them. Bacteria feed themselves in many different ways. Some bacteria can “eat” other things by changing the chemicals ( 化学物质) in those things into something that will help the bacteria grow.
The secret to this is enzymes (酶). Bacteria use enzymes to cause chemical changes. Enzymes can work like a pair of scissors, cutting and breaking apart other materials.
Most people know PET plastic. It is used in water and soda bottles. About 63.5 billion kilograms of PET plastic is produced every year. Most PET is thrown away, but even when it is recycled, it can't be made into new bottles. Usually it’s turned into products like carpets (地毯).
In 2012, in the decaying (腐烂的) leaves, scientists discovered an enzyme called LCC that slowly breaks apart PET plastics. Years later, scientists working at the French company Carbios chose LCC from nearly 100,000 enzymes. It was the best at breaking down PET.
But the scientists wanted to improve LCC. They studied the enzyme and the way it attacked the PET. By testing thousands of small changes to the enzyme, they came up with a new kind of LCC. The new kind can be alive at higher temperatures and can eat through PET very quickly.
The process turns the PET plastic back into the materials that it was made from.
Those materials can then be used again to make new bottles or other products.
The researchers compared their new LCC with the old enzyme, and were satisfied with the results. When the environment was just right, the new LCC was able to break up 90% of the PET in just ten hours. The old enzyme took about 20 hours and only broke up half of the PET.
30. How much PET plastic is produced every year
A. About 7.72 trillion kilograms. B. About 63.5 billion kilograms.
C. About 100 thousand kilograms. D. About 2 hundred kilograms.
31. What do you know about the bacteria from the passage
A. Bacteria can be seen with our eyes.
B. Bacteria can break down other materials directly.
C. Bacteria use enzymes to create physical changes in things.
D. Bacteria are small living things that feed on unusual forms of “food”.
32. According to the passage, what is the relationship between PET plastic and LCC
A. The earliest LCC couldn’t break down PET plastic.
B. LCC can help stop PET plastic from breaking down.
C. PET plastic can now be recycled faster because of a new kind of LCC.
D. The used PET plastic will become another kind of pollution because of LCC.
33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Bacteria: Growing by eating chemicals
B. Enzymes: Working like a pair of scissors
C. PET: Being widely to make water and soda bottles
D. LCC: Leading to easier high-quality PET plastic recycling
本文介绍了科学家发现的一种可以快速溶解PET塑料的酶——LCC。
30【答案】B细节理解题。根据“About 63.5 billion kilograms of PET plastic is produced every year”可知，每年大约生产635亿公斤PET塑料，故选B。
31【答案】D细节理解题。根据“Some bacteria can “eat” other things by changing the chemicals ( 化学物质) in those things into something that will help the bacteria grow”可知，细菌可以通过将其他东西的化学物质转化为有助于细菌生长的物质来“吃掉”其他东西，故选D。
32【答案】C细节理解题。根据“The new kind can be alive at higher temperatures and can eat through PET very quickly.”可知，这种新型的LCC可以在更高的温度下存活，这样PET就可以更快地循环利用，故选C。
33【答案】D最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了科学家发现的一种可以快速溶解PET塑料的酶——LCC。故选D。
三
Playing for Peace
John Hunter, a primary school teacher, created the World Peace Game as a way for his students to think about big world problems.
The World Peace Game is played on a cube （立方体）of four layers. In the game, there are four countries with 50 interconnected problems to solve. The students play a role in developing solutions to the problems of their assigned （指定的）country. The goal of the game is to save each country from dangerous conditions. When all 50 problems are solved, the game is over, which means the world is in peace.
You might think that the task of solving real-world problems would be daunting to world leaders, let alone fourth graders. Julianne Swope, one of Hunter's students, agrees. "Sometimes the World Peace Game feels like, you know The weight of the world on your shoulders: This is firing over there and this is a big earthquake, she says. "But I say to myself, I need to fix this." The game shows that young children have the desire to make the world a better, more peaceful place.
The game encourages students to work together and communicate with one another. Students think about questions that have no clear answers, which often leads to long discussions. They consider deep questions in the process and think about the possible results of their decisions. They try to develop creative solutions that lead to a satisfactory decision.
It is no surprise that both Hunter and the World Peace Game are becoming well known. Hunter now spends part of his time teaching the World Peace Game to other teachers. Schools in other countries have started their own versions （版本）of the game as well.
Hunter hopes that by playing for peace, students learn "how to make people not experience so much pain. " He adds, "I think I now hope the game helps people be kinder. " One of his former students, Irene Newman, is now studying peace in her university. She believes the world will be more peaceful if young people are to solve its problems.
27. How is the World Peace Game played
A. Students team up to play the game online.
B. Students answer 50 questions during the game.
C. Students come up with solutions to 50 problems.
D. Students list the dangerous conditions of four countries.
28. The word "daunting” in Paragraph 3 probably means "________".
A. frightening B. surprising C. attractive D. simple
29. What do you know about the World Peace Game from the passage
A. The design o this game needs to be improved.
B. John Hunter educates his students through this game.
C. John Hunter limits this game to students in his school.
D. This game helps students easily become leaders in the future.
本文主要介绍了“世界和平游戏”的玩法和设计它的目的。
27【答案】C细节理解题。根据“In the game, there are four countries with 50 interconnected problems to solve”可知，在这个游戏里，学生们要想出解决50个问题的办法，故选C。
28【答案】A词义猜测题。根据“You might think that the task of solving real-world problems would be daunting to world leaders, let alone fourth graders”可知，解决世界问题的人物都让世界领导人头疼，更别说是四年级的学生了，所以“daunting”表示“令人生畏”，与“frightening”同义，故选A。
29【答案】B推理判断题。根据“Hunter hopes that by playing for peace, students learn “how to make people not experience so much pain””可知，Hunter希望通过这个游戏，让学习学到“如何让人们不再经历痛苦”，故选B。
四
Kids go to school to learn plenty of subjects. Finally education prepares kids to have a meaningful career （职业）in a field they enjoy. So thinking and learning about career choices before high school is always a good idea. But when should kids begin career education
When you were a kid, what did you want to be when you grew up A teacher A doctor Or a baseball player Preschool-aged children naturally think about their future careers. By imagining, exploring and role-playing, kids are likely to choose careers that interest them. Encouraging this career role-playing is healthy and can be quite telling; kids often clearly prefer either left-brained or right-brained roles.
At some point beyond the role-playing stage, students should be shown to a more serious career education curriculum （课程）. You may think that career education isn't all that necessary until kids finish high school, because that's when they're usually expected to get a job or choose a course of study in college. Experts （专家）disagree.
“The influence of early involvement can have a hugely good effect on wider academic （学术的）achievements, helping both children and their families to see a future which is achievable." writes Robert Halfon, chair of the Education Select Committee in the UK.
Many experts accept the idea that career education should begin at a young age. They suggest career education in school should progress as follows:
Kids in primary school should learn about why people work.
Kids in early middle school should learn about the importance of a career in earning money
Kids in grades seven through ten should begin to discuss and think about different jobs.
Kids in grades ten and beyond should discover their strengths and interests, recognize suitable careers, and become involved in specific activities to help them understand what they need to work on to do their dream career.
Starting career education early prepares students for the real world by making the connection between what they're learning in school and why they’re learning it. For example, if a child wants to build tall buildings and knows that math skills are necessary in such a career, the child will be more likely to study, rather than hate, math.
Career education opens kids' minds to all that is possible. And, at the end of the day, isn't that what parents and teachers want for their kids and students
30. What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A. Kids feel confident about choosing their careers.
B. It's natural for kids to change their career choices.
C. Kids do career role-playing to develop their interests.
D. It's normal for kids to think about their future careers.
31. Experts suggest that career education in school should ______.
A. develop in different grades
B. promise kids academic success
C. help kids know their strengths first
D. provide kids with rich job experience
32. What does the example of the child who wants to build tall buildings show
A. Math skills are the most important in school education.
B. Career education can help children find out what they want to do.
C. Children who want to build tall buildings are usually good at math.
D. Career education makes children more willing to study for their future jobs.
33. The writer probably agrees that ______ .
A. career education should begin earlier for kids
B. kids don't need to worry about their future careers
C. kids should learn all subjects well for future careers
D. career education in middle school is not a must for kids
【分析】这是一篇议论文，文章主要讲述更早地给孩子们进行职业教育的必要性。
30【答案】D推理判断题。根据“Preschool-aged children naturally think about their future careers”可知学龄前儿童很自然地想到他们未来的职业。D选项“孩子们想到他们未来的职业是很正常的”表述正确。故选D。
31【答案】A推理判断题。根据“Kids in primary school”，“Kids in early middle school ”，“Kids in grades seven through ten ”及“Kids in grades ten and beyond”可知专家建议学校的职业教育应该分不同的年级来发展。故选A。
32【答案】D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Starting career education early prepares students for the real world by making the connection between what they’re learning in school and why they’re learning it”很早开始职业教育通过把他们在学校学习的东西和他们为什么学习它联系起来，为学生的现实世界做准备。根据“ …knows that math skills are necessary in such a career, the child will be more likely to study, rather than hate, math”可知学生想建高楼，知道数学技能在建筑上的有用性，他会更有可能学习数学而不是讨厌数学。可知这个例子是为了说明职业教育让孩子们更愿意为了他们未来的工作而去学习。故选D。
33【答案】A推理判断题。根据“Many experts accept the idea that career education should begin at a young age”及“Starting career education early prepares students for the real world ”可知作者认为应该更早开始给孩子们进行职业教育。故选A。
五
Imagine this. There’s an apple and a piece of cake on a table. Which one would you like The delicious cake or the healthy apple A bestseller, Willpower Rediscovering Our Greater Strength, suggests that willpower (意志力) is the ability to make decisions that are better for us in the long term, rather than in the short term.
Here is a famous experiment in the book: the marshmallow (棉花糖) test. In 1972, Professor Walter Mischel tested the willpower of 600 four-year-olds to six-year-olds. In the experiment, each child was left alone in a room for fifteen minutes with a marshmallow on a table in front of them. They were given two choices: they could either eat it or, if they waited fifteen minutes, they’d be given a second one and then they could eat both.
So, what did the kids do Well, as you can imagine, 70% ate the first marshmallow within the fifteen minutes. But the other 30% showed willpower they controlled themselves and waited for the second marshmallow. But then Mischel discovered something really interesting. Twenty years later, he got in touch with the children, who, by then, were in their early twenties. And he found that those who’d shown strong willpower were getting better marks at university and were more popular.
Willpower is like a muscle (肌肉), and the more you exercise it, the stronger it gets. So, if you do daily “self-control exercises”, such as making your bed or brushing your teeth, you’ll improve your overall willpower. And daily willpower exercises will help you with those bigger goals, such as studying for an exam or training for a marathon.
Be careful though. Just like any muscle, your “willpower muscle” can get tired. If you’ve had to do lots of things that require willpower, take a break or give yourself a treat. That way, you’ll build up your willpower again.
And one last thing, the writer mentions people who learn foreign languages usually have a lot of willpower. So, congratulations!
27. From the marshmallow test, we can learn that ______.
A. the kids felt difficult to make choices B. most of the kids showed weak willpower
C. marshmallows could help improve willpower D. the kids could eat one marshmallow every fifteen minutes
28. The writer probably agrees that ______.
A. willpower should be kept practicing without any stop
B. willpower can be built up by dealing with difficulties
C. strong willpower can help people achieve their goals
D. strong willpower can help people make right decisions
29. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The finding of the experiment. B. The process of the experiment.
C. The purpose of the experiment. D. The background of the experiment.
短文主要讲述了一本畅销书《意志力：重新发现我们最大的力量》，以及书中的一个著名试验，告诉我们意志力对人们的生活有着很大的影响。
27【答案】B推理判断题，根据“So, what did the kids do Well, as you can imagine, 70% ate the first marshmallow within the fifteen minutes. But the other 30% showed willpower they controlled themselves and waited for the second marshmallow. ”70%的人在15分钟内吃掉了第一块棉花糖。但另外30%的人表现出意志力，他们控制住自己，等待第二个棉花糖。可推知从棉花糖测试中，我们可以知道大多数孩子的意志力很弱，故选B。
28【答案】C细节理解题，根据“And daily willpower exercises will help you with those bigger goals, such as studying for an exam or training for a marathon.”，可知每天的意志力锻炼会帮助你实现这些更大的目标，比如为考试而学习或为马拉松而训练。故选C。
29【答案】A主旨大意题，根据第三段中“So, what did the kids do ”那么，孩子们做了什么 再结合“But then Mischel discovered something really interesting. ”但后来米歇尔发现了一件非常有趣的事。可推知文章第三段讲述了试验的发现，故选A。
六
You feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving. If you give without spending time filling your own needs, then it’s likely you will burn out, or feel upset. When you take without giving anything back, you never feel fulfilled, so you are always searching for ways to fill the empty space in your life.
The way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving is to know and then live by your values. I break values up into two groups which I call “being” values and “having” values.
Your “being” values are the personalities (性格) of the ideal (理想的) person you would like to be. People can choose some “being” values that they are willing to make a promise to live by. An example of some “being” values are: kind, loving, generous, peaceful, wise and even powerful. By acting on these values, you give to others through your actions and you inspire (激励) others by being a positive role model. Mastering being these personalities becomes your life purpose.
Your “having” values are the feelings you need to create in order to be happy. These could be companionship, achievement or support. This is what you receive. You take responsibility for filling your own needs by taking steps to create these feelings and conditions in your life.
When you make a promise to live by your “being” values, it becomes easier to make conscious (慎重的) choices. If you usually talk about your problems, you could choose to think and act like a calm person. A calm person might go for a walk, or set a time limit before you react. If you usually worry about something, you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person. A responsible or wise person might have the courage to deal with difficulties they meet. In other words, you would act like the person you choose to be—this is the key to personal power.
When you choose to act on your values, you not only feel good about yourself, but you make your chosen beliefs stronger. Over time acting in this way changes how you see the world, and in turn the way other people think of you.
30. The word “fulfilled” in Paragraph 1 probably means “______”.
A. satisfied B. disappointed C. awful D. powerful
31. According to the passage, living by your “being” values, you would ______.
A. get a lot of power B. receive support from others
C. fill your own needs D. form positive personalities
32. What can we learn from the passage
A. Having values are more important than being values.
B. The way other people think of you changes your values.
C. You may shake your beliefs when your values are clear to you.
D. Acting on your values can help balance what you give and receive.
33. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A. To show the importance of giving. B. To explain what personal values are.
C. To tell people how to be truly happy. D. To encourage people to have a life purpose.
【分析】本文主要向我们描述了如果我们要想幸福，就要在奉献和接受之间取得一个平衡。告诉我们如何才能让自己真正幸福。
30【答案】A词义猜测题。根据后句“so you are always searching for ways to fill the empty space in your life.”所以你总是在寻找方法来填补你生活中的空白。可以推测出，是因为你永远不会感到满足。划线词fulfilled意为“满意的，满足的”。故选A。
31【答案】D推理判断题。根据“By acting on these values, you give to others through your actions and you inspire (激励) others by being a positive role model.…your life purpose.”可知，通过践行这些价值观，你通过行动给予他人，并通过成为积极的榜样激励他人。掌握这些个性成为你的人生目标。因此推断，如果某物以being value的方式在生活，我们就会更加积极向上。故选D。
32【答案】D推理判断题。根据“When you choose to act on your values, you not only feel good about yourself, but you make your chosen beliefs stronger.”当你选择按照自己的价值观行事时，你不仅对自己感觉良好，而且使你所选择的信念更加坚定。结合文章可以推测出，按照你的价值观行事可以帮助平衡你的付出和收获。故选D。
33【答案】C主旨大意题。根据“You feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving. ”可知，本文介绍了如果我们想要幸福，就要在给予和接受之间建立一个健康的平衡。因此作者写这篇文章的主要目的是：告诉人们如何获得真正的幸福。故选C。
七
The first day of school our professor introduced him-self and someone very special—a little old lady to me. She said, “Hi, handsome. My name is Rose. I’m eighty-seven years old. Can I give you a hug ”I laughed and warmly answered, “Of course you may.”and she gave me a giant hug.
“Why are you in college at such a young, innocent(天真的)age ”I asked. She jokingly replied, “I’m there to meet a rich husband, get married, have a couple of children, and then retire and travel.”“No, seriously ”I asked. I was curious about what I heard.
“I always dreamed of having a college education and now I’m getting one,” she told me. After class we walked to the student union building and shared a chocolate milk shake. We became instant friends. Every day for the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always fond of listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.
Over the course of the year, Rose became famous in the college and she easily made friends wherever she went. At the end of the school year we invited Rose to speak at our football celebration party. I’ll never forget what she taught us.
At the beginning of the party she was so nervous that she almost fell over, then she leaned into the microphone and said,“I’m sorry I’m so nervous. I’ll never get my speech back in order so let me just tell you what I know.”As we laughed she cleared her throat and began:“We do not stop playing because we are old;we grow old because we stop playing. There are only four secrets to staying young, being happy, and achieving success.”
“You have to laugh and find humor every day.”
“You’ve got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die. We have so many people walking around who are dead and don’t even know it.”
“There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don’t do one productive thing, you will turn twenty years old. If I am eighty-seven years old and stay in bed for a year and never do anything I will turn eighty-eight. Anybody can grow older. That doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding the opportunity in change.”
“Have no regrets. The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets.”
She concluded her speech by courageously singing The Rose. She challenged each of us to study the lyrics(歌词) and live them out in our daily lives.
At the year’s end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.
Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in tribute to the wonderful woman who taught by example that it’s never too late to be all you can possibly be.
Remember, growing older is a must, growing up is a choice.
1.The first two paragraphs are mainly about .
A.the writer’s school professor B.the writer’s first meeting with Rose
C.how Rose met a handsome young college boy D.why Rose was in college at such a young, innocent age
2.The underlined phrase“in tribute to”probably means“ ”.
A.to show respect for B.to say thanks to
C.in favor of D.in fond of
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Rose went to college to meet a rich husband, and get married.
B.Rose was often invited to give speeches in public.
C.Rose failed to graduate from the college.
D.Rose lived an active life.
1.【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。 根据第一段的初次见面和第二段的交谈可知选项B符合原文,故选B。
【答案】A
【解析】词义推断题。 根据倒数第二段可知,Rose在自己的生活中为学生们树立了榜样,因此两千多名学生参加了她的葬礼以表达对她的尊敬,故选A。
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。 根据第六段“You have to laugh and find humor every day.”和第七段第一句“You ve got to have a dream.”可知选项D符合原文,故选D。
八
Parents and children often face the challenges of money. Common topics include setting the pocket money, learning to save, and deciding on expensive purchases. The goal of most parents is to teach their kids how to manage money wisely. The goal of most kids is getting money to spend. How can families balance these goals
“All parents hope they’ll raise a money-savvy kid, who’ll grow up to be an adult wise in their money use,” says financial(金融的) planner Peg Eddy. “The key is letting kids learn by having a little money of their own.”
The Tidler family in Denver found the best way to teach kids about money was to let their kids earn some. Their son, Ryan, 17, has been helping with their garden since he was 8. Now he has been able to save $7,800. Ryan has come to see the value in making his own money even when other kids are given money by their parents.
Learn Now, Save Later
Money skills are an important part of becoming a successful adult. David Brady, another financial planner, says, “Young people today will have much more responsibility for their financial future than their parents or grandparents.”
Brady does remind kids. “They shouldn’t be thinking about money all the time,” he says. “However, they should understand basic rules for earning, saving and investing(投资).”
That knowledge is greatly needed. Over the past years, the average credit card debt(债务) of Americans aged 18 to 24 doubled, to nearly $3,000. Among high school students, four out of five have never taken a personal-finance class.
Talking About It
Many kids want to learn how to manage their money. But parents think only about what kids shouldn’t do. Instead, experts say, knowing how to manage money is the best way for kids to get what they really want. That means long-term planning and saving for big expenses like college or a car. It also means thinking of others, by making donations to charity(慈善).
Giselle Lopez, 17, of New York City, learned the hard way. She was over $2,000 in debt on her first credit card. Her parents refused to pay, so Giselle got a job. Then she paid the debt off slowly herself. “Now every time I use it, I know that it comes from my own pocket,” Giselle says. “That gives me a sense of responsibility for my actions.”
Different kids will have different styles when it comes to money. Teaching them how to use money doesn t have to mean setting strict rules. When children like Ryan and Giselle have their own money to consider, they can learn to set those rules themselves.
1.Brady believes that .
A.parents should attend more personal-finance classes B.parents should teach their kids how to save
C.kids should learn how to manage money D.kids should follow the school rules
2.Why did the writer say Giselle Lopez “learned the hard way”
A.Because she had to pay the debt off slowly herself.
B.Because she had to make donations to charity.
C.Because she had difficulty finishing her job.
D.Because she had too many credit cards.
3.What is the best title for the passage
A.Saving Matters! B.Parents Rule!
C.Classes Work! D.Money Counts!
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。 由题干中关键词 Brady,直接回原文定位到第一个小标题下第一段和第二段,根据“However, they should understand basic rules for earning, saving and investing.”可知Brady认为孩子们应该了解管理钱财的基本规则。因此选项C“孩子应该学会如何管理钱财”符合原文意思。故正确答案为C。
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。 由题干中关键词Giselle Lopez直接回原文定位到倒数第二段,根据本段内容,可知 Giselle Lopez需要通过自己去工作来偿还信用卡债务。因此选项A“因为她不得不自己慢慢地偿清债务”符合原文意思。故正确答案为A。
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。由全文第一句“Parents and children often face the challenges of money.”可知本文讨论的关键词为money,由此可知答案在A、D中。又因为A选项仅仅提到省钱,而根据首尾段以及小标题可知,文章的重点在于如何管理钱财,而不仅仅是省钱。故正确答案为D。
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