中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
阅读理解之细节题，释义题
阅读理解主要考查考生阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。针对不同的考查方式，我们可运用不同的解题技巧答题
一．细节理解
解题技巧1搜寻直接答案
关键词定位法。根据题干的关键信息，在文章中寻找相关的语句，与题干核对信息，得出答案。
例子1
Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.
25. What did Sally’s dad ask her to do after she built the go kart？
A. To have a test drive.
B. To take a good rest.
C. To give it a cool name.
D. To paint it light blue.
题干意为：萨莉制造了卡丁车后，她爸爸让她做什么？根据题干中的关键词“dad ask her to”定位到文章中倒数第二句“Dad asked her to take it for a test drive.”可知爸爸要求她去试驾。故选A。
解题技巧2搜寻间接答案
转换相关语句法。根据题干的关键词，在文章中寻找相关段落与句子，并转换为选项中的表述，核对选项的意义与文章的意义是否一致。
例子2
Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand(增加) our experience of time.
27. According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by_______.
A. going to bed on time
B. traveling to new places
C. having dinner as usual
D. printing the same materials
题干意为：根据作者所说，我们可以通过_______来增加我们对时间的体验。根据第一、二句中的“...we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information...”及最后一句“This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand(增加) our experience of time.”可知接触新的事物可以增加我们对时间的体验，选项中只有B项“去新的地方旅行”属于新事物。故选B。
二．词义(组)猜测
此类题型在设置时，需要猜测的词汇均为生难词汇或俗语谚语，考生需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词、短语或句子意思的技巧，并积累常见的俗语谚语。常见的设问方式如下：
常见设问方式
What does the word “...” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
The word(s) “...” in Paragraph 4 probably mean(s)“______”.
What does the expression “...” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
The underlined part “...” in Paragraph 3 means “_______”.
解题技巧1根据上下文语境猜测词义
例子3
In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well being(健康)depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry；
without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.
32. The word “collapse” in Paragraph 5 probably means “_______”.
A. a sudden failure
B. the basic rule
C. a disappointing start
D. the gradual development
题干意为：第五段中的单词“collapse”的意思可能是“______”。划线单词前一句说到“依赖网络可能会更容易受到伤害。”划线所在句子说到“任何与我们健康有关的网络的_______，像食物和能源，都会产生坏的结果。”根据这两句可推测应是网络的“崩溃”会给我们产生坏的结果。结合选项可知A项与“崩溃”意思最相近。故选A。
解题技巧2通过同义词或同义关系猜测词义
在文章中，有时作者为避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下，我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系由熟悉的词语推测不熟悉的词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是“愉快的”的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。
例子4
According to Dr. Casey from Cornell University, teens are very quick and accurate in making decisions on their own and in situations where they have time to think. However， when they make decisions in the heat of the moment or in social situations, their decisions are often influenced by factors like peers. In a recent study, teen volunteers played a video driving game, either alone or with friends watching.
The researchers discovered that the number of risks teens took more than doubled when their friends were watching, compared with when they played alone. This shows that teens may find it more difficult to control risky behavior when their friends are around, or in situations where they are extremely angry.
53. The words “in the heat of the moment” in Paragraph 4 probably mean “______”.
A. when teens avoid possible risks
B. when teens trust their judgement
C. when teens lose control over their anger
D. when teens give consideration to situations
题干意为：第四段中词组“in the heat of the moment”的意思可能是“______”。根据下一段的内容“This shows that teens may find it more difficult to control risky behavior when their friends are around, or in situations where they are extremely angry.”可知划线短语所在的句子中“in social situations”指的是“when their friends are around”，而“in the heat of the moment”指的是“in situations where they are extremely angry”，所以可判断该短语的意思是“他们不能控制自已的怒火”。故选C。
解题技巧3通过反义词或反义关系猜测词义
有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或两类人，使用了一些反义词或表达反义关系的词语来进行对比，我们可以利用已知单词推测未知单词的词义。
通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but, while， however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。
例子5
Flowers bloom(开花) only if they are planted in rich soil(土壤). We are similarly influenced by our environment. When our environment is bad, we may get sick physically or mentally. When our environment is supportive, we are more likely to thrive.
30. The word “thrive” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_______”.
A. develop and grow B. judge and warn
C. mind and care D. fail and fear
题干意为：第一段中的单词“thrive”的意思可能是“______”。根据前一句的内容“When our environment is bad， we may get sick physically or mentally.”可知两句之间表达的意思相对。划线词对应前句中的“get sick physically or mentally”，与其相反的意思应该是健康生长、发展。故选A。
解题技巧4通过定义或释义关系猜测词义
定义或解释形式多样，常由 that is (to say), in other words, call, mean, be considered to, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念，难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜测词义比较容易。
例子6
You can benefit a lot from your dream， but do you know the behavior that is necessary to fulfill your dream？ You have a dream and you truthfully want good grades. However, you can’t help playing on the smart phone and let go your homework. Or you rush through it so that you can get back to the smart phone. This is the case when the present desire to play on your smart phone beats the will to reach the future goal, which is called immediate gratification.
If you always behave like this, you may lose the chance to meet with your dream.
31. The expression “immediate gratification” in Paragraph 5 probably
means “ ”.
A. enjoying pleasures here and now
B. following dreams without delay
C. becoming creative in a flash
D. avoiding failure all the time
题干意为：第五段中短语“immediate gratification”的意思可能是“_______”。划线短语所在的句子中“is called”前面即是对“immediate gratification”的解释，即“现在玩手机的欲望打败了达到将来目标的信念”。可知“immediate gratification”的意思应是当下的满足，A项符合。故选A。
解题技巧5.通过举例猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。比如根据such as, for example, like等词的前后，或者是破折号的前后内容猜测出划线词的意思。
例子7
So, is it the same as recycling？ No. Recycling takes materials paper or glass and breaks them down so their base materials can be remade into a new product. When you upcycle an item (物品), you are not breaking down the material, you are simply refashioning it. For example, you might make shoes out of old tyres. Also, the upcycled item is typically of the same, or even better， quality (质量) than the original.
31. The underlined word “refashioning” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_______”.
A. giving a new form
B. giving a simple name
C. making a perfect copy
D. making a different model
题干意为：第二段中划线单词“refashioning”的意思是“______”。根据下文“For example, you might make shoes out of old tyres.”可知你可以用旧轮胎做鞋，可以推测这只是形式上的改变。故选A。
随堂练习
一
You Can Be a World Memory Champion!
Every year, people with amazing memory skills compete in an event called the World Memory Championships. The tasks require huge powers of memory retention: remembering the order of 52 cards in a deck (副); memorizing the names of 110 people after looking at their pictures; and other pleting any of these tasks may not seem easy for the normal person, but scientific proof seems to show that even someone with normal skills can, through training, improve his or her memory skills and become a memory champion.
One memory champion explained his methods of recalling the order of the cards in a deck. Firstly, he connected a person, an action and a thing with each card. For example, the king of hearts is Elvis Presley, eating, a chocolate sandwich. The three of spades (黑桃) is Rocky Balboa, boxing, Madison Square Garden. The ten of hearts is William Shakespeare, writing Hamlet, a broken pen. Take a person from the first card, an action from the second card, and a thing from the third card so that any group of three cards creates a vivid (生动的) image that is easier to recall. For example: king-ten-three becomes Elvis Presley writing Hamlet in Madison Square Garden – a memorable image.
Still, even having created images for each group of three cards, it is difficult to keep them in order. This is done using the loci method, or what some call a “Memory Palace” – a term created by Frances Yates in his 1966 book The Art of Memory – which is a simple but effective method discovered by the ancient Greeks.
But are there people with naturally amazing memories The winner of the 2011 World Memory Championships was 21-year-old Chinese Wang Feng. He said he had a “normal memory as a child,” and no special talent except for the hard work and attention to detail.
Although many still think that people have either good or bad memories from birth, that need not be true. By using the methods of grouping, connecting with vivid images, and the loci method, we can all improve our memories. Who knows – you might even become the next World Memory Champion!
27. According to Paragraph 2, ten-king-three can create an image of ________.
A. William Shakespeare eating in Madison Square Garden
B Hamlet eating a chocolate sandwich with a broken pen
C. Rocky Balboa writing Hamlet with a broken pen
D. Elvis Presley boxing in Madison Square Garden
28. Why is loci method useful for memorizing the cards
A. It connects the images with their time order.
B. It reorganizes the cards to build a vivid palace.
C. It uses the terms from a book to create a new image.
D. It helps memorize the order of the three-card groups.
29. What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A. To praise the winners of the World Memory Championship.
B. To help people win the World Memory Championship.
C. To show a good memory is more a matter of training.
D. To explain methods of remembering a deck of cards.
本文主要讲了惊人的记忆力可以通过训练获得，每个人都可以成为记忆力冠军。
27【答案】A细节理解题。根据“king-ten-three becomes Elvis Presley writing Hamlet in Madison Square Garden – a memorable image”可知，不同纸牌数字背后都有可代表东西，故选A。
28【答案】D细节理解题。根据“Still, even having created images for each group of three cards, it is difficult to keep them in order. This is done using the loci method”可知，loci记忆办法就是来确定各组创建三张卡片图像的顺序，故选D。
29【答案】C主旨大意题。根据“By using the methods of grouping, connecting with vivid images, and the loci method, we can all improve our memories. Who knows – you might even become the next World Memory Champion”及全文的描述，可知，作者的目的是告诉读者，通过使用一些记忆方法，大家都可以提升自己的记忆能力，故选C。
二
In recent years, there has been a general direction for new buildings to be more environmentally friendly. These buildings use energy and water nicely, reducing waste and pollution. However, setting up solar panels and water recycling systems involves higher costs than in a traditional building. The question is whether people are willing to pay these additional costs.
One school in the UK has shown us that environmental principles (原则) are just as important to small projects as to large ones. Howe Dell primary school has its own wind turbine (风力发电机) to produce energy, uses rainwater to wash toilets, and uses desks made from recycled materials. These environmental parts of the building are relatively inexpensive, and over the life of the building, should provide a large return for the early costs. They also perform as valuable teaching materials when educating students about the environment.
Another example in the UK is a private house in Wales, known as the “Hobbit House”. It is made from wood and the walls are made from straw. Solar panels provide electricity for lighting and electrical equipment. Water is supplied directly from a nearby river and is also collected from the rain for use in gardens to avoid wasting clean water. Houses like this one are green because they do not use oil or gas, but instead use renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power.
However, critics of these kinds of environmentally friendly buildings say that while they may be good for the environment, there are practical problems with their affordability, as they are too expensive to become a method of construction (建 筑) that can be widely used. There are further worries about their long-term efficiency. Not much energy can be produced by solar panels in the UK, and not every location has natural water source. In order to pay for environmentally friendly construction and produce an affordable building, compromises have to be made. These may be that the building will have to be smaller or made of less durable materials and with less energy-hungry technology.
The benefits for constructing green buildings are clear. The United Nations Environment Programme believes that the construction accounts for (占据) 30-40% of energy use in the world. We need to reduce this energy use for the good of the Earth. However, it remains to be seen whether we are now able to accept the cost and practical problems of producing and living in environmentally friendly buildings.
30. What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A. People are not willing to pay for green buildings.
B. It’s affordable for big buildings to set up solar panels.
C. Wind turbines can produce enough energy for lighting.
D. Environmental principles are meaningful to big and small projects.
31. The word “compromises” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A. measurements B. agreements C. suggestions D. inventions
32. The writer probably agrees that green buildings ________.
A. can not be constructed widely
B. may not be as green as they seem
C. are too expensive to be constructed
D. are worthy though there are problems
33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Are Green Buildings Too Costly
B. Do Green Buildings Last for Long
C. Green Buildings: A New Method of Construction
D. Green Buildings: A Better Way to Produce Energy
本文主要讨论了环保建筑的好处和是否人们能承担得起的花费问题。
30【答案】D推理判断题。根据“One school in the UK has shown us that environmental principles (原则) are just as important to small projects as to large ones”及后文的举例可知，第二段主要讲述了环保原则对小型项目和大型项目具有同等的意义，故选D。
31【答案】B词义猜测题。根据“In order to pay for environmentally friendly construction and produce an affordable building, compromises have to be made”可知，为了支付环保建筑和建造一个负担得起的大楼，就必须达成妥协，所以“compromises”与“agreements”同义，故选B。
32【答案】D推理判断题。根据最后一段“The benefits for constructing green buildings are clear”及“However, it remains to be seen whether we are now able to accept the cost and practical problems of producing and living in environmentally friendly buildings”可知，作者可能同意绿色建筑是值得的，虽然还存在一些问题，故选D。
33【答案】A最佳标题。根据“In recent years, there has been a general direction for new buildings to be more environmentally friendly…”可知，本文主要讨论了环保建筑的好处和是否人们能承担得起的花费问题，所以“绿色建筑太贵吗”符合本文标题，故选A。
三
Ever since the invention of the e-reader came into being, book-lovers everywhere have been debating which is better — the e-book or the traditional paper book. Can the prices of paper books compete with the low prices of e-books Does the convenience of e-books compare with the feeling of a real book in your hands
When I was young, I really loved reading paper books. With the rapid development of the technology, e-books have become very popular. As a result, I personally enjoy both with many good reasons.
1. E-books are more convenient to carry around.
If you’re like me, before going on a vacation, the hardest part packing may be choosing what books to bring. Your suitcase can only hold some of the books you like. What if you finish those before your vacation is over Or what if you get bored with them and want to read something else With an e-reader, you never have to worry about these kinds of problems, which carries around thousands of books all on a device that weights than a pound.
2 E-books are more effectively to read.
Since e-books can show the words in different sizes and even read the books to us, it has the advantage for people who might have a hard time reading or people with poor eyesight. People can also choose how many words to display on one line or how much space there is between lines according to their personal preferences. This allows those with reading disabilities to read more effectively.
3. Paper books help with readers' understanding.
Though e-books may be easier and faster to read, studies show paper books are better for understanding. According to a study by James Madison University, readers are more likely to skim e-books than paper books, which leads to less understanding of the content. Paper books allow readers to read slowly and deeply which give readers more chances to think over and understand more.
4. Paper books help with readers' sleep.
Studies also show the light from some e-books causes sleeping problems. The bright screens of e-readers can cause people to take longer to fall asleep or in some cases insomnia. Paper books don't cause these problems. So, if you' re a person who can't easily fall asleep or has problems with insomnia, paper books have the advantage.
In a word, both e-books and paper books have their advantages. So, as for the beginning question, "Which is better — the e-book or the traditional paper book I don't think there's a right answer. As for me, I say, why not both
27. What can we learn from the passage
A. E-books help readers solve the problem of packing by displaying more words on one line.
B. E-books help readers with reading disabilities by showing more interesting storybooks.
C. Paper books help readers understand more by giving readers more chances to think.
D. Paper books help readers with sleeping problems by wider space between lines.
28. What does the underlined word "insomnia" mean
A. An inability to sleep. B. An inability to wake up.
C. An ability to sleep. D. An ability to wake up.
29. Which of the following will the writer mostly take on vacation
A. Some paper books that are easier to finish.
B. One thick paper book to keep his vacation longer.
C. An e-reader to keep away from boring chatting.
D. Both an e-reader and his favorite paper books.
文章介绍了电子书和纸质书相比较，两者各自的优势以及作者对这两本书的态度。
27【答案】C细节理解题。根据“Paper books allow readers to read slowly and deeply which give readers more chances to think over and understand more.”可知，纸质书使读者能够慢慢地、深入地阅读，给了读者更多的思考和理解的机会。故选C。
28【答案】A词义猜测题。根据“The bright screens of e-readers can cause people to take longer to fall asleep or in some cases insomnia.”可知，电子阅读器的明亮的屏幕可能会导致人们花更长的时间入睡，让人们很难入睡，甚至会有失眠的情况，所以单词“insomnia”指的是“失眠”，即无法入睡，故选A。
29【答案】D推理判断题。根据“If you’re like me, before going on a vacation, the hardest part packing may be choosing what books to bring…With an e-reader, you never have to worry about these kinds of problems, which carries around thousands of books all on a device that weights than a pound.”以及“In a word, both e-books and paper books have their advantages…As for me, I say, why not both ”可知，作者认为两者各有优势，两者兼得会是更好的办法，所以度假时作者应该两种书都会带上，故选D。
四
Dogs have an amazing talent for understand human social behavior, and they can take actions upon human orders, but what if they are given instructions not by real humans but by humanoid robots that behave like humans Will dogs obey the robot's orders
At the International Conference on Human Robot Interaction2020. Researchers at Yale University’s Social Robotics Lab tested how dogs responded to instructions from robots. A group of 34 dogs participated in the experiment, and each dog was tested with either a speaker or a human-like robot in a room. After a brief introduction to the testing environment, the robot or speaker called the dog's name, using the same voice. Then the robot or speaker would give a "sit" order, which was the real test.
Results of the experiments showed that the dogs paid more attention to the robot than the speaker. Dogs obeyed the "sit" order over 60% of the time when it came from the robot, but less than 20% of the time when it came from the speaker, even if they did look a bit confused about the whole thing at times.
While these results are certainly interesting, it's important to answer the question of whether dogs could respond to a social robot at all. The researchers were giving the dogs a great opportunity. For example, the dogs' owners were instructed to interact with the robot, talking to it and making eye contact, to help encourage the dogs to see the robot as friendly and make the anxiety less while also drawing attention to the robot. However, they haven' t discovered what factors (因素) might increase or decrease that likelihood.
"Since dogs are very sensitive to human social cues (暗示), the robot being humanoid or not may make a difference, lead researcher Meiying Qin said. "Yet, if a non-humanoid robot behaves like a dog or shows any social behaviors, dogs may also respond in a social manner."
"Now that we have evidence that dogs do respond to social robots, the next step is to figure out what we haven't discovered yet," added Meiying Qin. "Humanoid robot, which is one of the greatest invention in the 20th century, is the advanced representation of robot technique." Some people may question the value of making social robots for pets. Dogs aren't the only animals that robots interact with, of course the larger idea is that by studying how dogs behave toward social robots relative to humans, it can help us understand bow social robots affect our own behavior, too.
30. Paragraph 2 is mainly about ________.
A. how the test was performed B. what was found in the test
C. why the scientists did the test D. who took part in the test
31. The researcher later will probably focus on ________.
A. human orders given to dogs B. factor to affect dog’s response
C. robot technique to develop D. social robots designed for pets
32. We can learn from the experiment that ________.
A. dogs seldom obey the order from a humanoid robot
B. dogs pay less attention to a mechanical-looking robot
C. dogs can pay more attention to owners’ voice in the speaker
D. dogs can understand the social meanings from machines
33. The lead researcher Meiying Qin probably agrees that ________.
A. humanoid robots can influence humans’ behaviors
B. it is worthless to design advanced robots for animals
C. robots will take the place of humans to look after pets
D. humans don’t respond socially to non-humanoid robots
本文通过实验证明狗会听从类人机器人给予的指示，科学家认为通过研究狗对社会机器人的反应，可以帮助我们理解类人机器人可以影响人类的行为。
30【答案】A主旨大意题。根据第二段“Researchers at Yale University’s Social Robotics Lab tested how dogs responded to instructions from robots. A group of 34 dogs participated in the experiment, …Then the robot or speaker would give a "sit" order, which was the real test.” 可知为了测试狗是如何回应机器人的指示的，研究人员用34只狗进行了实验，机器人或真人用同样的声音叫狗的名字。然后机器人或真人会给狗一个指令“坐”；以此看狗对指令的反应。由此可知本段主要介绍这个测试是如何进行的。故选A。
31【答案】B推理判断题。根据第三段“However, they haven' t discovered what factors (因素) might increase or decrease that likelihood.” 然而，他们还没有发现哪些因素可能增加或减少这种可能性。由此推断研究人员稍后可能会关注那些影响狗的反应的因素。故选B。
32【答案】D推理判断题。根据第三段“Results of the experiments showed that the dogs paid more attention to the robot than the speaker.”可知实验结果表明，狗对机器人的专注程度高于真人。由此推断狗可以从机器人中理解社会意义。故选D。
33A推理判断题。根据最后一段“the larger idea is that by studying how dogs behave toward social robots relative to humans, it can help us understand bow social robots affect our own behavior, too.”可知更大的想法是，通过研究狗对社会机器人的反应，它可以帮助我们理解类人机器人可以影响人类的行为。故选A。
五
Do you know what to do if you see a python (蟒蛇) in your community What about a seven-foot-long American lizard(蜥蜴) in front of your house People who live in most areas in the United States do not have experiences like these. But if you live in Southern Florida, you may run into a number of exotic (外来的) animals.
Exotic pets have become more and more popular in recent years in Florida. People often buy an animal as a baby without realizing how difficult it may be to care for that animal when it is fully-grown. For example, Burmese pythons are easy to buy in exotic pet stores or online. When the snake is young, it does not require much more work than other pets. But Burmese pythons can grow to be more than 20 feet long and can weigh about 250 pounds. There is not much space in the typical American home or yard to care for such a big animal! When the snake outgrows its cage and its owner becomes bored with caring and feeding it, the snake may be left in a wild area.
In other parts of the country, many of these exotic animals would probably not be able to live long in the wild. But the climate(气候) in Southern Florida is wet and warm—similar to the areas where many of the animals are naturally found. Many exotic pets have gradually got used to the new situation in Florida’s natural areas, and when enough of them are free in the wild, they can start breeding(繁殖).
The problem with these unexpected animals is that scientists don’t always know which ones will change or harm the local environment. In the last few years, people visiting Florida’s Everglades National Park have watched fights between American alligators(短嘴鳄) and exotic pythons. It is not hard to imagine the effect of aggressive(凶悍的) animals. But even animals like vervet monkeys, which seem harmless, compete with other animals that eat the same plants. If their presence or behavior causes a change in the habits of local animals, the overall changes can be far-reaching.
Think about a set of dominos (多米诺骨牌) lined up next to one another. None of them may be touching, but as soon as you tip one over, the whole row will fall down.
1.The writer talks about Burmese pythons in Paragraph 2 to .
A.introduce an exotic pet to animal lovers
B.explain why exotic pets appear in the wild
C.suggest right ways to look after exotic pets
D.stress the importance of caring for exotic pets
2.Why can many exotic animals live long in the wild in Florida
A.Because there is enough space.
B.Because they can find new food.
C.Because the climate is fit for them.
D.Because people there protect animals well.
3.What may be the writer’s opinion on exotic pets
A.Seeing different kinds of exotic pets in the wild is exciting.
B.Exotic pets and local animals should be kept in different wild areas.
C.Exotic pets in the wild may break the balance of the local environment.
D.Harmless exotic animals can live peacefully with local animals in the wild.
1.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“When the snake outgrows its cage and its owner becomes bored with caring and feeding it, the snake may be left in a wild area.”可知B为正确答案。
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知C为正确答案。
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“If their presence or behavior causes a change in the habits of local animals, the overall changes can be far-reaching.”可知,外来动物会使本地动物的习惯发生改变,且这些改变带来的影响是深远的。因此,选项 C 为正确答案。
六
How to Improve Your Memory
Man still has a lot to learn about the most powerful and complex (复杂的) part of his body—the brain.
It may be surprising to learn that it isn’t age that makes you lose your memory. The reason could be that you have a “lazy” memory, not an old one. Like your body, your memory improves with exercise. Once given plenty of exercise, the brain keeps its power. Before discussing how to improve the memory, let’s look at how the brain works. There are two sides to the brain, the left and the right. The right side deals with senses (what we see, hear, feel and smell). It’s the creative and imaginative side. The left side is related to logical (逻辑的) thinking, which analyzes (分析) information and puts it in order. Some recent research suggests that we remember everything that happens to us. The problem most of us have is recalling (回忆) events. Most forgetting takes place immediately after learning. An hour after learning something new, more than 50% has been forgotten. After a month, 80% has been forgotten, and so on.
This research is very important. It shows that if you review new material you have learnt, you remember much more. So it’s of the greatest importance to review newly learned material often, and have breaks often. You best remember what you learn at the beginning of a learning period and at the point where we stop. After the break, review what was learned before the break and then continue learning the new material. These breaks should happen every 20 or 45 minutes.
Other experiments have shown the brain needs time to take in what has been learned. The time necessary for this is 5 to 10 minutes. After the break, the memory will have taken in what it has just learned, and more will be remembered. During this period it is important to exercise the right side of the brain, because the left side is used during the learning period. Therefore you should relax. Listening to music, breathing the fresh air, and looking at a picture are all ways of using the other side of the brain. So when you are studying alone, make a plan which shows when to have breaks and to review newly learned material immediately before you begin studying again. If you do in this way, your memory will improve.
1.To fight against forgetting better, we’re advised to .
A.break down material into small prices B.use two sides of the brain together
C.make proper use of our senses D.go over what was learned often
2.During the learning process, the brain needs breaks to .
A.use the right side of the brain B.review newly learnt material
C.take in what has been learnt D.relax the left side of the brain
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Old age makes people lose their memory and forget the past.
B.People can remember 20% an hour after learning something new.
C.Listening to music is the best way to use the left side of the brain.
D.Memory works best at the beginning and the end of a learning period.
1.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It shows that if you review new material you have learnt, you remember much more.”可知,如果你复习你学到的新知识,你就会记得更多。故选D。
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第三句中的“After the break, the memory will have taken in what it has just learned ”可知,大脑需要时间来理解学过的知识,故选C。
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段开头“It may be surprising to learn that it isn’t age that makes you lose your memory.”可知A项表述与文章不一致。根据第二段中的“An hour after learning something new, more than 50% has been forgotten.”可知B项表述与原文不符。根据第四段倒数第三句“Listening to music, breathing the fresh air, and looking at a picture are all ways of using the other side of the brain.”可知这几种方式并没有优劣之分,故排除。根据第三段第四句“You best remember what you learn at the beginning of a learning period and at the point where we stop.”可知D项表述与原文一致,故选D。
七
Birds are the only type of animals with feathers. Birds are warm-blooded, and most of them can fly. All birds have two wings, even the species that cannot fly, such as ostriches, kiwis, and penguins.
Birds lay eggs. Most birds build nests for their eggs, and they sit on their eggs during incubation. Emperor penguins, however, are different from most birds. They have their own ways. A mother emperor penguin lays only one egg at a time. Her husband is in charge of incubation. He holds the single egg at the top of his feet and covers it with a fold of skin.
There are more than 9,000 different kinds of birds. Many people think bats are birds, but their idea is totally wrong. In fact, bats are not birds! Bats are mammals. Eagles and puffins belong to the bird family.
Do birds fly simply because they have wings No!Unique body structure, feathers, and wings are what make birds fly. Birds have hollow, lightweight bones. They have strong chest muscles to pull their wings up and down. Feathers are important in flight. There are three types of feathers: down feathers, body feathers and flight feathers. Of course, their wings are the important reason why they can fly.
1.Kiwis are birds which .
A.don’t have wings B.don’t have wings but can fly
C.have wings but can’t fly D.have wings and can fly
2.The birds can pull their wings up and down because of their .
A.bones B.feet
C.feathers D.strong chest muscles
3.What’s the main idea of the fourth paragraph
A.The importance of birds’ wings. B.The reason why birds can fly.
C.What birds’ feathers are used for. D.What birds’ body structure is like.
1.【答案】C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“All birds have two wings, even the species that cannot fly, such as ostriches, kiwis and penguins.”可知,几维鸟是有翅膀但不会飞翔的鸟,故答案为C。
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They have strong chest muscles to pull their wings up and down.”可知答案为D。
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。本段讲的是鸟可以飞翔的原因,故答案为B。本题易误选A,误选的原因是未能理解本段的主旨大意。本段中确实提到了“翅膀(wings)”,但本段的主旨大意并不是“翅膀的重要性”,故A项是错误的。
八
The Sixth Time I Went to the Principal’s Office
When I was in the seventh grade, I had problems behaving. My heart was in the right place, but I couldn’t always follow the rules. I played many tricks on my schoolmates. Once, I even pulled a girl’s hair on the school bus to get her attention. As a result, I was repeatedly sent to the office of the principal(校长). Although I hated going there, I did not hate the principal, Mr. Ratcliff.
Mr. Ratcliff was a kind, elderly man. When he spanked(打屁股)me for putting some ants into a classmate’s pencil box, it didn’t hurt at all, but it did hurt my feelings. I thought so much of him and moments like that seemed to prove I was hopelessly bad.
When I got called to Mr. Ratcliff’s office for the sixth time, I had no idea what I had done. I felt disappointed as I walked down there. I went into his office, sat down, and looked at the floor. Then he said the last thing I expected to hear:“Kevin, I’ve heard you’ve been behaving really well lately. I want you to know how proud I am of you, and I just called you down to my office to give you a peppermint.”
“Really ”I was surprised.
“Yes. Now you can take that peppermint and go back to class.”
I carried the peppermint with me as if it was a gold coin. When I got into my classroom, I bragged(吹嘘)to my classmates about my turnaround, excitedly. I wasn’t so bad after all.
Mr. Ratcliff was really kind. He made me realize that I was just a kid who had problems with behavior. He bought some peppermints and took the time to notice me when I got something—anything—right. Mr. Ratcliff gave me some hope by giving me some love. I will just remember him for the rest of my life.
1.In his seventh grade, the writer .
A.hated the principal B.had problems behaving
C.always followed the rules D.often helped his classmates
2.How did the writer feel when he went to the principal’s office for the sixth time
A.Lonely. B.Excited. C.Confident. D.Disappointed.
3.The sixth time the writer went to the principal’s office, he got .
A.a peppermint B.a model bus
C.a pencil box D.a coin
4.The writer will always remember Mr. Ratcliff, because the principal .
A.talked with him in the office B.played games with him
C.expected him to be a teacher D.gave him some hope and love
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“When I was in the seventh grade, I had problems behaving.”可知正确答案为B。
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句和第二句可知当作者第六次被叫到Ratcliff先生的办公室的时候,作者感到特别沮丧,故正确答案为D。
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“I just called you down to my office to give you a peppermint”可知,作者得到的是一颗薄荷糖,故正确答案为A。
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Mr. Ratcliff gave me some hope by giving me some love.”可知正确答案为D。
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阅读理解之细节题，释义题
阅读理解主要考查考生阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。针对不同的考查方式，我们可运用不同的解题技巧答题
一．细节理解
解题技巧1搜寻直接答案
关键词定位法。根据题干的关键信息，在文章中寻找相关的语句，与题干核对信息，得出答案。
例子1
Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.
25. What did Sally’s dad ask her to do after she built the go kart？
A. To have a test drive.
B. To take a good rest.
C. To give it a cool name.
D. To paint it light blue.
题干意为：萨莉制造了卡丁车后，她爸爸让她做什么？根据题干中的关键词“dad ask her to”定位到文章中倒数第二句“Dad asked her to take it for a test drive.”可知爸爸要求她去试驾。故选A。
解题技巧2搜寻间接答案
转换相关语句法。根据题干的关键词，在文章中寻找相关段落与句子，并转换为选项中的表述，核对选项的意义与文章的意义是否一致。
例子2
Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand(增加) our experience of time.
27. According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by_______.
A. going to bed on time
B. traveling to new places
C. having dinner as usual
D. printing the same materials
题干意为：根据作者所说，我们可以通过_______来增加我们对时间的体验。根据第一、二句中的“...we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information...”及最后一句“This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand(增加) our experience of time.”可知接触新的事物可以增加我们对时间的体验，选项中只有B项“去新的地方旅行”属于新事物。故选B。
二．词义(组)猜测
此类题型在设置时，需要猜测的词汇均为生难词汇或俗语谚语，考生需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词、短语或句子意思的技巧，并积累常见的俗语谚语。常见的设问方式如下：
常见设问方式
What does the word “...” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
The word(s) “...” in Paragraph 4 probably mean(s)“______”.
What does the expression “...” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
The underlined part “...” in Paragraph 3 means “_______”.
解题技巧1根据上下文语境猜测词义
例子3
In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well being(健康)depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry；
without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.
32. The word “collapse” in Paragraph 5 probably means “_______”.
A. a sudden failure
B. the basic rule
C. a disappointing start
D. the gradual development
题干意为：第五段中的单词“collapse”的意思可能是“______”。划线单词前一句说到“依赖网络可能会更容易受到伤害。”划线所在句子说到“任何与我们健康有关的网络的_______，像食物和能源，都会产生坏的结果。”根据这两句可推测应是网络的“崩溃”会给我们产生坏的结果。结合选项可知A项与“崩溃”意思最相近。故选A。
解题技巧2通过同义词或同义关系猜测词义
在文章中，有时作者为避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下，我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系由熟悉的词语推测不熟悉的词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是“愉快的”的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。
例子4
According to Dr. Casey from Cornell University, teens are very quick and accurate in making decisions on their own and in situations where they have time to think. However， when they make decisions in the heat of the moment or in social situations, their decisions are often influenced by factors like peers. In a recent study, teen volunteers played a video driving game, either alone or with friends watching.
The researchers discovered that the number of risks teens took more than doubled when their friends were watching, compared with when they played alone. This shows that teens may find it more difficult to control risky behavior when their friends are around, or in situations where they are extremely angry.
53. The words “in the heat of the moment” in Paragraph 4 probably mean “______”.
A. when teens avoid possible risks
B. when teens trust their judgement
C. when teens lose control over their anger
D. when teens give consideration to situations
题干意为：第四段中词组“in the heat of the moment”的意思可能是“______”。根据下一段的内容“This shows that teens may find it more difficult to control risky behavior when their friends are around, or in situations where they are extremely angry.”可知划线短语所在的句子中“in social situations”指的是“when their friends are around”，而“in the heat of the moment”指的是“in situations where they are extremely angry”，所以可判断该短语的意思是“他们不能控制自已的怒火”。故选C。
解题技巧3通过反义词或反义关系猜测词义
有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或两类人，使用了一些反义词或表达反义关系的词语来进行对比，我们可以利用已知单词推测未知单词的词义。
通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but, while， however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。
例子5
Flowers bloom(开花) only if they are planted in rich soil(土壤). We are similarly influenced by our environment. When our environment is bad, we may get sick physically or mentally. When our environment is supportive, we are more likely to thrive.
30. The word “thrive” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_______”.
A. develop and grow B. judge and warn
C. mind and care D. fail and fear
题干意为：第一段中的单词“thrive”的意思可能是“______”。根据前一句的内容“When our environment is bad， we may get sick physically or mentally.”可知两句之间表达的意思相对。划线词对应前句中的“get sick physically or mentally”，与其相反的意思应该是健康生长、发展。故选A。
解题技巧4通过定义或释义关系猜测词义
定义或解释形式多样，常由 that is (to say), in other words, call, mean, be considered to, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念，难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜测词义比较容易。
例子6
You can benefit a lot from your dream， but do you know the behavior that is necessary to fulfill your dream？ You have a dream and you truthfully want good grades. However, you can’t help playing on the smart phone and let go your homework. Or you rush through it so that you can get back to the smart phone. This is the case when the present desire to play on your smart phone beats the will to reach the future goal, which is called immediate gratification.
If you always behave like this, you may lose the chance to meet with your dream.
31. The expression “immediate gratification” in Paragraph 5 probably
means “ ”.
A. enjoying pleasures here and now
B. following dreams without delay
C. becoming creative in a flash
D. avoiding failure all the time
题干意为：第五段中短语“immediate gratification”的意思可能是“_______”。划线短语所在的句子中“is called”前面即是对“immediate gratification”的解释，即“现在玩手机的欲望打败了达到将来目标的信念”。可知“immediate gratification”的意思应是当下的满足，A项符合。故选A。
解题技巧5.通过举例猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。比如根据such as, for example, like等词的前后，或者是破折号的前后内容猜测出划线词的意思。
例子7
So, is it the same as recycling？ No. Recycling takes materials paper or glass and breaks them down so their base materials can be remade into a new product. When you upcycle an item (物品), you are not breaking down the material, you are simply refashioning it. For example, you might make shoes out of old tyres. Also, the upcycled item is typically of the same, or even better， quality (质量) than the original.
31. The underlined word “refashioning” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_______”.
A. giving a new form
B. giving a simple name
C. making a perfect copy
D. making a different model
题干意为：第二段中划线单词“refashioning”的意思是“______”。根据下文“For example, you might make shoes out of old tyres.”可知你可以用旧轮胎做鞋，可以推测这只是形式上的改变。故选A。
随堂练习
一
You Can Be a World Memory Champion!
Every year, people with amazing memory skills compete in an event called the World Memory Championships. The tasks require huge powers of memory retention: remembering the order of 52 cards in a deck (副); memorizing the names of 110 people after looking at their pictures; and other pleting any of these tasks may not seem easy for the normal person, but scientific proof seems to show that even someone with normal skills can, through training, improve his or her memory skills and become a memory champion.
One memory champion explained his methods of recalling the order of the cards in a deck. Firstly, he connected a person, an action and a thing with each card. For example, the king of hearts is Elvis Presley, eating, a chocolate sandwich. The three of spades (黑桃) is Rocky Balboa, boxing, Madison Square Garden. The ten of hearts is William Shakespeare, writing Hamlet, a broken pen. Take a person from the first card, an action from the second card, and a thing from the third card so that any group of three cards creates a vivid (生动的) image that is easier to recall. For example: king-ten-three becomes Elvis Presley writing Hamlet in Madison Square Garden – a memorable image.
Still, even having created images for each group of three cards, it is difficult to keep them in order. This is done using the loci method, or what some call a “Memory Palace” – a term created by Frances Yates in his 1966 book The Art of Memory – which is a simple but effective method discovered by the ancient Greeks.
But are there people with naturally amazing memories The winner of the 2011 World Memory Championships was 21-year-old Chinese Wang Feng. He said he had a “normal memory as a child,” and no special talent except for the hard work and attention to detail.
Although many still think that people have either good or bad memories from birth, that need not be true. By using the methods of grouping, connecting with vivid images, and the loci method, we can all improve our memories. Who knows – you might even become the next World Memory Champion!
27. According to Paragraph 2, ten-king-three can create an image of ________.
A. William Shakespeare eating in Madison Square Garden
B Hamlet eating a chocolate sandwich with a broken pen
C. Rocky Balboa writing Hamlet with a broken pen
D. Elvis Presley boxing in Madison Square Garden
28. Why is loci method useful for memorizing the cards
A. It connects the images with their time order.
B. It reorganizes the cards to build a vivid palace.
C. It uses the terms from a book to create a new image.
D. It helps memorize the order of the three-card groups.
29. What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A. To praise the winners of the World Memory Championship.
B. To help people win the World Memory Championship.
C. To show a good memory is more a matter of training.
D. To explain methods of remembering a deck of cards.
二
In recent years, there has been a general direction for new buildings to be more environmentally friendly. These buildings use energy and water nicely, reducing waste and pollution. However, setting up solar panels and water recycling systems involves higher costs than in a traditional building. The question is whether people are willing to pay these additional costs.
One school in the UK has shown us that environmental principles (原则) are just as important to small projects as to large ones. Howe Dell primary school has its own wind turbine (风力发电机) to produce energy, uses rainwater to wash toilets, and uses desks made from recycled materials. These environmental parts of the building are relatively inexpensive, and over the life of the building, should provide a large return for the early costs. They also perform as valuable teaching materials when educating students about the environment.
Another example in the UK is a private house in Wales, known as the “Hobbit House”. It is made from wood and the walls are made from straw. Solar panels provide electricity for lighting and electrical equipment. Water is supplied directly from a nearby river and is also collected from the rain for use in gardens to avoid wasting clean water. Houses like this one are green because they do not use oil or gas, but instead use renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power.
However, critics of these kinds of environmentally friendly buildings say that while they may be good for the environment, there are practical problems with their affordability, as they are too expensive to become a method of construction (建 筑) that can be widely used. There are further worries about their long-term efficiency. Not much energy can be produced by solar panels in the UK, and not every location has natural water source. In order to pay for environmentally friendly construction and produce an affordable building, compromises have to be made. These may be that the building will have to be smaller or made of less durable materials and with less energy-hungry technology.
The benefits for constructing green buildings are clear. The United Nations Environment Programme believes that the construction accounts for (占据) 30-40% of energy use in the world. We need to reduce this energy use for the good of the Earth. However, it remains to be seen whether we are now able to accept the cost and practical problems of producing and living in environmentally friendly buildings.
30. What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A. People are not willing to pay for green buildings.
B. It’s affordable for big buildings to set up solar panels.
C. Wind turbines can produce enough energy for lighting.
D. Environmental principles are meaningful to big and small projects.
31. The word “compromises” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A. measurements B. agreements C. suggestions D. inventions
32. The writer probably agrees that green buildings ________.
A. can not be constructed widely
B. may not be as green as they seem
C. are too expensive to be constructed
D. are worthy though there are problems
33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Are Green Buildings Too Costly
B. Do Green Buildings Last for Long
C. Green Buildings: A New Method of Construction
D. Green Buildings: A Better Way to Produce Energy
三
Ever since the invention of the e-reader came into being, book-lovers everywhere have been debating which is better — the e-book or the traditional paper book. Can the prices of paper books compete with the low prices of e-books Does the convenience of e-books compare with the feeling of a real book in your hands
When I was young, I really loved reading paper books. With the rapid development of the technology, e-books have become very popular. As a result, I personally enjoy both with many good reasons.
1. E-books are more convenient to carry around.
If you’re like me, before going on a vacation, the hardest part packing may be choosing what books to bring. Your suitcase can only hold some of the books you like. What if you finish those before your vacation is over Or what if you get bored with them and want to read something else With an e-reader, you never have to worry about these kinds of problems, which carries around thousands of books all on a device that weights than a pound.
2 E-books are more effectively to read.
Since e-books can show the words in different sizes and even read the books to us, it has the advantage for people who might have a hard time reading or people with poor eyesight. People can also choose how many words to display on one line or how much space there is between lines according to their personal preferences. This allows those with reading disabilities to read more effectively.
3. Paper books help with readers' understanding.
Though e-books may be easier and faster to read, studies show paper books are better for understanding. According to a study by James Madison University, readers are more likely to skim e-books than paper books, which leads to less understanding of the content. Paper books allow readers to read slowly and deeply which give readers more chances to think over and understand more.
4. Paper books help with readers' sleep.
Studies also show the light from some e-books causes sleeping problems. The bright screens of e-readers can cause people to take longer to fall asleep or in some cases insomnia. Paper books don't cause these problems. So, if you' re a person who can't easily fall asleep or has problems with insomnia, paper books have the advantage.
In a word, both e-books and paper books have their advantages. So, as for the beginning question, "Which is better — the e-book or the traditional paper book I don't think there's a right answer. As for me, I say, why not both
27. What can we learn from the passage
A. E-books help readers solve the problem of packing by displaying more words on one line.
B. E-books help readers with reading disabilities by showing more interesting storybooks.
C. Paper books help readers understand more by giving readers more chances to think.
D. Paper books help readers with sleeping problems by wider space between lines.
28. What does the underlined word "insomnia" mean
A. An inability to sleep. B. An inability to wake up.
C. An ability to sleep. D. An ability to wake up.
29. Which of the following will the writer mostly take on vacation
A. Some paper books that are easier to finish.
B. One thick paper book to keep his vacation longer.
C. An e-reader to keep away from boring chatting.
D. Both an e-reader and his favorite paper books.
四
Dogs have an amazing talent for understand human social behavior, and they can take actions upon human orders, but what if they are given instructions not by real humans but by humanoid robots that behave like humans Will dogs obey the robot's orders
At the International Conference on Human Robot Interaction2020. Researchers at Yale University’s Social Robotics Lab tested how dogs responded to instructions from robots. A group of 34 dogs participated in the experiment, and each dog was tested with either a speaker or a human-like robot in a room. After a brief introduction to the testing environment, the robot or speaker called the dog's name, using the same voice. Then the robot or speaker would give a "sit" order, which was the real test.
Results of the experiments showed that the dogs paid more attention to the robot than the speaker. Dogs obeyed the "sit" order over 60% of the time when it came from the robot, but less than 20% of the time when it came from the speaker, even if they did look a bit confused about the whole thing at times.
While these results are certainly interesting, it's important to answer the question of whether dogs could respond to a social robot at all. The researchers were giving the dogs a great opportunity. For example, the dogs' owners were instructed to interact with the robot, talking to it and making eye contact, to help encourage the dogs to see the robot as friendly and make the anxiety less while also drawing attention to the robot. However, they haven' t discovered what factors (因素) might increase or decrease that likelihood.
"Since dogs are very sensitive to human social cues (暗示), the robot being humanoid or not may make a difference, lead researcher Meiying Qin said. "Yet, if a non-humanoid robot behaves like a dog or shows any social behaviors, dogs may also respond in a social manner."
"Now that we have evidence that dogs do respond to social robots, the next step is to figure out what we haven't discovered yet," added Meiying Qin. "Humanoid robot, which is one of the greatest invention in the 20th century, is the advanced representation of robot technique." Some people may question the value of making social robots for pets. Dogs aren't the only animals that robots interact with, of course the larger idea is that by studying how dogs behave toward social robots relative to humans, it can help us understand bow social robots affect our own behavior, too.
30. Paragraph 2 is mainly about ________.
A. how the test was performed B. what was found in the test
C. why the scientists did the test D. who took part in the test
31. The researcher later will probably focus on ________.
A. human orders given to dogs B. factor to affect dog’s response
C. robot technique to develop D. social robots designed for pets
32. We can learn from the experiment that ________.
A. dogs seldom obey the order from a humanoid robot
B. dogs pay less attention to a mechanical-looking robot
C. dogs can pay more attention to owners’ voice in the speaker
D. dogs can understand the social meanings from machines
33. The lead researcher Meiying Qin probably agrees that ________.
A. humanoid robots can influence humans’ behaviors
B. it is worthless to design advanced robots for animals
C. robots will take the place of humans to look after pets
D. humans don’t respond socially to non-humanoid robots
五
Do you know what to do if you see a python (蟒蛇) in your community What about a seven-foot-long American lizard(蜥蜴) in front of your house People who live in most areas in the United States do not have experiences like these. But if you live in Southern Florida, you may run into a number of exotic (外来的) animals.
Exotic pets have become more and more popular in recent years in Florida. People often buy an animal as a baby without realizing how difficult it may be to care for that animal when it is fully-grown. For example, Burmese pythons are easy to buy in exotic pet stores or online. When the snake is young, it does not require much more work than other pets. But Burmese pythons can grow to be more than 20 feet long and can weigh about 250 pounds. There is not much space in the typical American home or yard to care for such a big animal! When the snake outgrows its cage and its owner becomes bored with caring and feeding it, the snake may be left in a wild area.
In other parts of the country, many of these exotic animals would probably not be able to live long in the wild. But the climate(气候) in Southern Florida is wet and warm—similar to the areas where many of the animals are naturally found. Many exotic pets have gradually got used to the new situation in Florida’s natural areas, and when enough of them are free in the wild, they can start breeding(繁殖).
The problem with these unexpected animals is that scientists don’t always know which ones will change or harm the local environment. In the last few years, people visiting Florida’s Everglades National Park have watched fights between American alligators(短嘴鳄) and exotic pythons. It is not hard to imagine the effect of aggressive(凶悍的) animals. But even animals like vervet monkeys, which seem harmless, compete with other animals that eat the same plants. If their presence or behavior causes a change in the habits of local animals, the overall changes can be far-reaching.
Think about a set of dominos (多米诺骨牌) lined up next to one another. None of them may be touching, but as soon as you tip one over, the whole row will fall down.
1.The writer talks about Burmese pythons in Paragraph 2 to .
A.introduce an exotic pet to animal lovers
B.explain why exotic pets appear in the wild
C.suggest right ways to look after exotic pets
D.stress the importance of caring for exotic pets
2.Why can many exotic animals live long in the wild in Florida
A.Because there is enough space.
B.Because they can find new food.
C.Because the climate is fit for them.
D.Because people there protect animals well.
3.What may be the writer’s opinion on exotic pets
A.Seeing different kinds of exotic pets in the wild is exciting.
B.Exotic pets and local animals should be kept in different wild areas.
C.Exotic pets in the wild may break the balance of the local environment.
D.Harmless exotic animals can live peacefully with local animals in the wild.
六
How to Improve Your Memory
Man still has a lot to learn about the most powerful and complex (复杂的) part of his body—the brain.
It may be surprising to learn that it isn’t age that makes you lose your memory. The reason could be that you have a “lazy” memory, not an old one. Like your body, your memory improves with exercise. Once given plenty of exercise, the brain keeps its power. Before discussing how to improve the memory, let’s look at how the brain works. There are two sides to the brain, the left and the right. The right side deals with senses (what we see, hear, feel and smell). It’s the creative and imaginative side. The left side is related to logical (逻辑的) thinking, which analyzes (分析) information and puts it in order. Some recent research suggests that we remember everything that happens to us. The problem most of us have is recalling (回忆) events. Most forgetting takes place immediately after learning. An hour after learning something new, more than 50% has been forgotten. After a month, 80% has been forgotten, and so on.
This research is very important. It shows that if you review new material you have learnt, you remember much more. So it’s of the greatest importance to review newly learned material often, and have breaks often. You best remember what you learn at the beginning of a learning period and at the point where we stop. After the break, review what was learned before the break and then continue learning the new material. These breaks should happen every 20 or 45 minutes.
Other experiments have shown the brain needs time to take in what has been learned. The time necessary for this is 5 to 10 minutes. After the break, the memory will have taken in what it has just learned, and more will be remembered. During this period it is important to exercise the right side of the brain, because the left side is used during the learning period. Therefore you should relax. Listening to music, breathing the fresh air, and looking at a picture are all ways of using the other side of the brain. So when you are studying alone, make a plan which shows when to have breaks and to review newly learned material immediately before you begin studying again. If you do in this way, your memory will improve.
1.To fight against forgetting better, we’re advised to .
A.break down material into small prices B.use two sides of the brain together
C.make proper use of our senses D.go over what was learned often
2.During the learning process, the brain needs breaks to .
A.use the right side of the brain B.review newly learnt material
C.take in what has been learnt D.relax the left side of the brain
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Old age makes people lose their memory and forget the past.
B.People can remember 20% an hour after learning something new.
C.Listening to music is the best way to use the left side of the brain.
D.Memory works best at the beginning and the end of a learning period.
七
Birds are the only type of animals with feathers. Birds are warm-blooded, and most of them can fly. All birds have two wings, even the species that cannot fly, such as ostriches, kiwis, and penguins.
Birds lay eggs. Most birds build nests for their eggs, and they sit on their eggs during incubation. Emperor penguins, however, are different from most birds. They have their own ways. A mother emperor penguin lays only one egg at a time. Her husband is in charge of incubation. He holds the single egg at the top of his feet and covers it with a fold of skin.
There are more than 9,000 different kinds of birds. Many people think bats are birds, but their idea is totally wrong. In fact, bats are not birds! Bats are mammals. Eagles and puffins belong to the bird family.
Do birds fly simply because they have wings No!Unique body structure, feathers, and wings are what make birds fly. Birds have hollow, lightweight bones. They have strong chest muscles to pull their wings up and down. Feathers are important in flight. There are three types of feathers: down feathers, body feathers and flight feathers. Of course, their wings are the important reason why they can fly.
1.Kiwis are birds which .
A.don’t have wings B.don’t have wings but can fly
C.have wings but can’t fly D.have wings and can fly
2.The birds can pull their wings up and down because of their .
A.bones B.feet
C.feathers D.strong chest muscles
3.What’s the main idea of the fourth paragraph
A.The importance of birds’ wings. B.The reason why birds can fly.
C.What birds’ feathers are used for. D.What birds’ body structure is like.
八
The Sixth Time I Went to the Principal’s Office
When I was in the seventh grade, I had problems behaving. My heart was in the right place, but I couldn’t always follow the rules. I played many tricks on my schoolmates. Once, I even pulled a girl’s hair on the school bus to get her attention. As a result, I was repeatedly sent to the office of the principal(校长). Although I hated going there, I did not hate the principal, Mr. Ratcliff.
Mr. Ratcliff was a kind, elderly man. When he spanked(打屁股)me for putting some ants into a classmate’s pencil box, it didn’t hurt at all, but it did hurt my feelings. I thought so much of him and moments like that seemed to prove I was hopelessly bad.
When I got called to Mr. Ratcliff’s office for the sixth time, I had no idea what I had done. I felt disappointed as I walked down there. I went into his office, sat down, and looked at the floor. Then he said the last thing I expected to hear:“Kevin, I’ve heard you’ve been behaving really well lately. I want you to know how proud I am of you, and I just called you down to my office to give you a peppermint.”
“Really ”I was surprised.
“Yes. Now you can take that peppermint and go back to class.”
I carried the peppermint with me as if it was a gold coin. When I got into my classroom, I bragged(吹嘘)to my classmates about my turnaround, excitedly. I wasn’t so bad after all.
Mr. Ratcliff was really kind. He made me realize that I was just a kid who had problems with behavior. He bought some peppermints and took the time to notice me when I got something—anything—right. Mr. Ratcliff gave me some hope by giving me some love. I will just remember him for the rest of my life.
1.In his seventh grade, the writer .
A.hated the principal B.had problems behaving
C.always followed the rules D.often helped his classmates
2.How did the writer feel when he went to the principal’s office for the sixth time
A.Lonely. B.Excited. C.Confident. D.Disappointed.
3.The sixth time the writer went to the principal’s office, he got .
A.a peppermint B.a model bus
C.a pencil box D.a coin
4.The writer will always remember Mr. Ratcliff, because the principal .
A.talked with him in the office B.played games with him
C.expected him to be a teacher D.gave him some hope and love
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