中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
阅读表达
此题型涉及的话题丰富，主要有西方文化、经典人文故事、社会生活和环境保护话题。设题具有以下特点：
1. 设题有两种方式：5个特殊疑问句；4个特殊疑问句＋1个一般疑问句。
2. 近6年真题以考查细节理解题为主，偶尔涉及推理判断题(1次)和主旨大意题(2次)。
针对此题型，需提取题干疑问词和关键信息，定位到原文找答案。
解答阅读表达题,阅读是基础,表达是关键。所以在表达时,首先要注意以下原则:
(1)在答题时,总的原则是:能简略回答,尽量简略回答。
(2)书写要规范。句子开头首字母要大写;标点符号要规范,并且要使用正确;单词拼写要正确无误;单词书写要认真。
(3)做出适当调整。在回答时,同学们应对照题目,根据需要对句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配等做出适当调整。
其次,审题时要注意两个方面:
(1)看清提问方式。要分清是一般疑问句、选择疑问句还是特殊疑问句。
(2)要辨别问题类型。阅读表达主要分为细节理解题、主旨大意题、信息归纳题以及开放性问答题。考生需判断五道试题属于以上哪类问题,再通过不同的阅读策略高效获取信息,从而得到答案。
解题技巧
1.What疑问句
He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces.
36. What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe
____________________________________________________
He moved the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe.
题干意为：为了安全，马尔琴科决定做什么？此题针对文中的细节提问，为细节理解题。需要根据题干的关键词“keep safe”在文中寻找相关语句。根据第一句“He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe.”可知他把船移到更深的地方来保证安全。故答案为：He moved the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe.
2.When疑问句
The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.
34. When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic waters
____________________________________________________
In May, 2010.
题干意为：马尔琴科和他的学生是什么时候在北极海域发现巨浪的？此题针对时间提问，为细节理解题。需要根据题干的关键词“discover”，“waves”定位到相关语段。根据第一句“The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010.”可知巨浪在2010年5月被发现。故答案为：In May, 2010.
3.Why疑问句
The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.
35. Why did Marchenko and his students set out on a trip
_________________________________________________
Because they wanted to study the icy waters.
题干意为：为什么马尔琴科和他的学生要出发去旅行？ 此题针对原因提问，为细节理解题。需要根据题干的关键词“set out on a trip”定位到相关语段。根据第三句“They wanted to study the icy waters.”可知是因为他们要研究冰冷的水域。故答案为：Because they wanted to study the icy waters.
4.Where疑问句
So where does the name “Black Friday” come from It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s. The police called this day “Black Friday” because of the heavy traffic it caused. In the 1960s, stores tried to rename the day “Big Friday”. It did not stick. The name “Black Friday” continued to spread across the country. It seems that it is here to stay.
64. Where was the name “Black Friday” first used in the 1950s
_________________________
In Philadelphia.
题干意为：在二十世纪五十年代，“黑色星期五”这个名称首先在哪里被使用？此题针对地点提问，为细节理解题。根据题干中的“first used”可定位到文中相关语句。根据第二句“It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s.”可知“黑色星期五”这个名称在费城第一次被使用。故答案为：In Philadelphia.
5.Who疑问句
Almost every kid in this country has ever eaten Hershey Chocolate. But do you know that the Hershey Chocolate factory is more than one hundred years old And do you know that the father of Hershey Chocolate, Milton Hershey, had many failures in business before he started his famous company
64. Who is the father of Hershey Chocolate
________________________________________________
Milton Hershey.
题干意为：谁是好时巧克力之父？此题针对人物提问，为细节理解题。根据“the father of Hershey Chocolate”可定位到文中相关语段。根据第三句“And do you know that the father of Hershey Chocolate, Milton Hershey, had many failures in business before...”可知米尔顿·赫尔歇是好时巧克力之父。故答案为：Milton Hershey.
7.How疑问句
I am Canadian. I started learning French when I was 10 years old. But my whole experience with the language was in the classroom. All of that changed, however, during my last summer of high school. As a 17 year old girl, I flew across the country by myself for the first time. I headed for Quebec to live in the province with a French speaking host family, who didn’t speak any English. And I
would learn French at a local school.
On the first day of school, all of us students were given a test to determine(测定) our language level. We were required to speak only French all summer.
61. How did the local school determine the students’language level
________________________________________________________
By giving them a test.
题干意为：当地学校怎样判定学生的语言水平？此题针对方式提问，为细节理解题。题干中疑问词是how，可知要寻找关于如何判定的方式。根据关键词“determine”“language level”可以定位到文中相关语段。从第二段第一句“On the first day of school, all of us students were given a test to determine(测定)our language level.”可知当地学校是通过给学生测试的方式来判定学生的语言水平。故答案为：By giving them a test.
8.How long疑问句
On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it moved slowly for 108 years and 138 days.
61. How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea
__________________________________________________
108 years and 138 days.
题干意为：加重的玻璃瓶在海里漂流了多久？此题针对时间段提问，为细节理解题。题干中的疑问词为“How long”，关键词为“the weighted glass bottle”，利用scanning(扫读法)可定位到最后一句“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it moved slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”可知是108年138天。故答案为：108 years and 138 days.
9.How many疑问句
British roads are some of the safest roads in the world. A study in 2018 compared more than 30 countries and found that 3.8 people per 100，000 died in traffic accidents in the UK. This number was lower than any other country. So, what did British drivers do to achieve this What are they doing differently Here are five top tips for drivers who are planning a trip to the UK.
46. How many tips are mentioned in the passage
__________________________________________
Five.
题干意为：文章中提到了几个小提示？此题针对数量提问，为细节理解题。题干中特殊疑问词组为“How many”，可知要寻找关于数字的信息。根据关键词“tips”，利用scanning(扫读法)可定位到最后一句话“Here are five top tips for drivers who are planning a trip to the UK.”可知本文中提到了五个提示。故答案为：Five.
10.How high/... 疑问句
Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ship’s navigation(航行) system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used to be small.
37. How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system
_____________________________
More than 20 feet.
题干意为：航行系统记录的最高的海浪是多高？此题针对高度提问，为细节题解题。题干中的特殊疑问词组为“How high”，可知要寻找与高度有关的信息。根据关键词“the largest waves”可以定位到第二、三句“The ship’s navigation(航行) system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height.”。可知海浪最高超过20英尺。故答案为：More than 20 feet.
11.一般疑问句
Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday. The day after it has been known as Black Friday. It is the start of the holiday shopping season, and it has been the busiest shopping day of the year in the US since 2005.
61. Is Black Friday the start of the holiday shopping season
___________________________________________________
题干意为：黑色星期五是假期购物季的开始吗？此题为细节理解题。本题为一般疑问句需要对比题干与原文相关语句的信息。根据第三句“It is the start of the holiday shopping season...”可知黑色星期五是假期购物季的开始，答案为肯定。故答案为：Yes, it is./Yes.
随堂练习
一
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共 10 分，每小题 2 分）
HUTONG
Every year thousands of tourists come to China. They come to see the great sights of the Great Wall and the Forbidden City but often it is the hutongs that leave the strongest
impression (印象), as they offer travelers an unusual view into Beijing’s past. Hutongs connect courtyards of traditional houses and are a feature of ancient Chinese building. Beijing’s hutongs are especially famous, however, as there are thousands of them. Nowadays, the word “hutong” has come to mean more than just the alleys (小巷) , which connect the courtyards. It also refers to the courtyards themselves and even the communities.
Most of Beijing’s hutongs were built between the 13th and 19th centuries during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. To help them manage the city, the Emperors (皇帝) during these periods organized different areas of Beijing and had houses built around courtyards. The Emperor’s home, the Forbidden City, was in the centre of Beijing and the homes of the nobles (贵族) and rich people were in hutongs closest to the palace. Normal people lived in the hutongs further away from the palace.
By connecting people’s homes, the hutongs in fact connected people’s lives, whether the lives of the rich or the lives of the poor. Because the houses were built facing each other around courtyards, the families who lived there were an important part of each other’s lives. They supported each other when help was needed and shared the happiness and sadness of everyday life. Because of the hutongs, courtyards were joined together for miles around creating a network of people working, playing and living together – a real community.
Hutongs are still an important part of Beijing’s life and it is not surprising that tourists love the hutongs. They can walk up Sanmiao Street, which dates back 900 years, wander down Dongjiaominxiang – the longest hutong at 3km, or squeeze through Qianshi – the narrowest (窄) at only 40cm wide! The hutongs not only connect Beijing’s streets and communities, but also its past and present, showing that Beijing is truly an ancient yet modern city.
34. What do hutongs offer travelers
35. Besides the alleys, what does the word “hutong” refer to nowadays
36. When were most of Beijing’s hutongs built
37. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
38. What is special about Dongjiaominxiang
本文是文化类阅读，介绍了北京胡同的历史发展、作用和著名胡同，表明北京是一个真正古老而又现代的城市。
34.【答案】 An unusual view into Beijing’s past. 根据“they offer travelers an unusual view into Beijing’s past”，可知胡同为游客提供了一个不同寻常的视角来了解北京的过去，故填An unusual view into Beijing’s past。
35. 【答案】The courtyards themselves and even the communities.
根据“It also refers to the courtyards themselves and even the communities”，可知它也指庭院本身，甚至是社区，故填The courtyards themselves and even the communities。
36. 【答案】Between the 13th and 19th centuries during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
根据“Most of Beijing’s hutongs were built between the 13th and 19th centuries during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties”，可知大多数建于13世纪至19世纪的元、明、清王朝时期，故填Between the 13th and 19th centuries during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties。
37. 【答案】How hutongs connected people’s lives.
根据主题句“By connecting people’s homes, the hutongs in fact connected people’s lives, whether the lives of the rich or the lives of the poor”，结合文段内容，可知本段介绍胡同是如何连接人们的生活的，故填How hutongs connected people’s lives。
38. 【答案】It’s the longest hutong in Beijing.
根据“wander down Dongjiaominxiang – the longest hutong at 3km”，可知东交民巷是北京最长的胡同，故填It’s the longest hutong in Beijing。
二
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
In 2016, Lang Ping became the first in volleyball history to win an Olympic gold medal both as a player and a coach, Because it's unusual for an outstanding athlete to be an excellent coach as well, she is thought to be China’s Michael Jordan.
Born from a poor family in Tianjin in 1960, she didn't get very much to eat. Life took a lucky turn in middle school. Since she enjoyed sports a lot, at the age of 13, she joined her school volleyball team. Volleyball suited her. She became famous because of her powerful arm movement. Then in 1978, at just 18, Lang joined China's first women’s national volleyball team. She became the captain in 1984 for her good performance. The team fought on the world stage, winning the FIVB 1981 Women’s World Cup and the World Championships of 1982.
After that, Lang Ping stayed on as an assistant (助理) coach. This was more of a challenge. She thinks being a coach is different from being a player. “As a player, all you need to think about is producing your best performance on the court. But as a coach you have to consider the players, training, competition and even factors off the court that may help or harm the team,” she once said in an interview.
She retired as a player in 1986. After a few years, she rejoined the Chinese team as a coach with a set of goals. First, to make China the leading Asian team in the world rankings. Second, to get a medal at the Rio Olympics. From these simple goals came great results.
Her story is now being told through a movie, Leap, with famous Chinese actress Gong Li playing the role of her. For the Chinese, she's much more than just a volleyball coach. Lang Ping's example will no doubt be a guiding light for years to come. "No matter what challenges you face, do your best," she has said. "Believe in the power of hard work. Success will surely belong to those who never give up. "
It’s because of her that the "women’s volleyball team spirit" is remembered by the nation. It’s a mindset that made Lang a national hero and China No.1 in the world rankings for Women’s volleyball.
34. Why is Lang Ping thought to be China’s Michael Jordan
__________________________________________________________
35. When did Lang Ping join China’s first women’s national volleyball team
__________________________________________________________
36. What does Lang Ping think of being a coach
__________________________________________________________
37. How is her story being told to the world now
__________________________________________________________
38. What might be the title of this passage
__________________________________________________________
本文主要介绍了郎平作为运动员和教练所取得的成就。正是因为她，“女排精神”才被国家铭记。
34. 【答案】Because it’s so unusual for an outstanding athlete to be an excellent coach as well. 根据文中第一段“Because it' s unusual for an outstanding athlete to be an excellent coach as well, she is thought to be China’s Michael Jordan.”可知她被认为是中国的迈克尔·乔丹，是因为她既是一个优秀的运动员，也是一名优秀的教练，这是不寻常的。故填Because it’s so unusual for an outstanding athlete to be an excellent coach as well.
35. 【答案】In 1978 /At just 18 (Lang joined China’s first women’s national volleyball team).
根据第二段“Then in 1978, at just 18, Lang joined China's first women’s national volleyball team.”可知在1978年，她18岁时，郎平加入了中国的第一支国家女排队。故填In 1978 /At just 18 (Lang joined China’s first women’s national volleyball team).
36. 【答案】This was more of a challenge. /She thinks being a coach is different from being a player./(As a coach she has to consider the players, training, competition and even factors off the court that may help or harm the team.)
根据第三段“This was more of a challenge. She thinks being a coach is different from being a player. “As a player, all you need to think about is producing your best performance on the court. But as a coach you have to consider the players, training, competition and even factors off the court that may help or harm the team,” she once said in an interview.”可知郎平认为教练更像是一个挑战。她认为当教练和当球员不同。作为一名教练，你必须考虑球员、训练、比赛甚至场外可能帮助或伤害球队的因素。故填This was more of a challenge. /She thinks being a coach is different from being a player./ (As a coach she has to consider the players, training, competition and even factors off the court that may help or harm the team.)
37. 【答案】Through a movie, Leap.
根据第五段“Her story is now being told through a movie, Leap”可知郎平的故事现在通过一部电影《夺冠》告诉世界的，故填Through a movie, Leap.
38. 【答案】Lang Ping, the National Hero / any other possible version.
通读全文，可知本文主要讲了民族英雄郎平作为运动员和教练所取得的成就。本题为开放性作答，切合主题即可。参考答案为Lang Ping, the National Hero / any other possible version.
三
阅读短文, 根据短文内容回答问题。
Becoming a Minimalist (极简主义者)
I have too many things. My bedroom is often very messy. I have shelves with dirty books I never read and CDs I don’t listen to. My drawers are filled with clothes I never wear. I was getting upset that I never had any space in my bedroom. Then I read about minimalist. Minimalist suggests that you only keep the most necessary and important things and get rid of (处理掉) everything else. After reading about minimalism I felt encouraged to solve my problem.
I started clearing out a lot of the things which I didn’t use. I collected bags of clothes to give to charity (慈善机构 ). I sold some of the CDs and books online. Although I knew that I would never need these things again, I still found it very difficult to get rid of them. My brain tried to stop me from letting them go. I said to myself “I might need that in the future!” or “Won’t I be sad if I lose that ” But the thing was, I knew I couldn’t keep everything.
After getting lots of things out of my room, I actually became quite excited to see the tidy room with some fresh space. And an organized bedroom also makes me have a clear and organized mind! The main idea behind minimalism is to cut down what you own and really value the things you have. It’s not easy to be a minimalist. We are often told that it is better to have more things. Advertisements try to make us believe that we will only be happy by spending more money to buy more things. Of course, I’m not a perfect minimalist—I’ve only just started. I still own a lot of things which I don’t really need, but I think this was a good start. In the future, I will be more mindful of what I buy. And I will continue to make an effort to get rid of what I don’t need.
34. Is the writer’s bedroom often very messy
35. When did the writer feel encouraged to solve her problem
36. How did the writer get rid of some of the CDs and books
37. What is the main idea behind minimalism
38. Why is it not easy to be a minimalist
【答案】34. Yes, it is.
35. After reading about minimalism she felt encouraged to solve her problem.
36. She sold them online.
37. The main idea behind minimalism is to cut down what you own and really value the things you have.
38. Because we are often told that it is better to have more things. Advertisements try to make us believe that we will only be happy by spending more money to buy more things.
四
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Cloud Forests
In the Americas, Asia, and Africa, there's a special kind of forest—the cloud forest. Cloud forests are usually found from 500 meters to 4,000 meters above sea level in the clouds on the slopes （斜坡）of mountains. They experience rainfall, but they also get water straight from the air. The water is unpolluted, and moves through the ground into streams and then rivers.
Cloud forests are very important to both people who live nearby and the animals and plants living there. They provide water to nearby villages and cities. People drink the water, use it for cooking, and irrigate （灌溉） their farm fields with it. In Kenya, people even use water from cloud forests to produce electricity. Although cloud forests only make up 2.5 percent of the world's rainforests, they are also home to many animals and plants.
Unfortunately, cloud forests now face many problems. Local poor people clear the cloud forests. They cut down trees to grow food and use the wood to heat their homes and cook. Building roads also badly harms the cloud forests. Once cloud forests are cleared, the cloud cover, which is important and necessary to the growth of these forests, goes away. Another bigger worry is that the temperature increases gradually. If world temperatures rise, cloud forests will have to move up to a higher place where the temperatures are cooler. But some cloud forests on mountain tops with nowhere to climb will die out.
Scientists fear we might lose cloud forests, along with the water and other services they provide. Some governments have taken actions to protect cloud forests. They make laws against cutting down trees in the cloud forests. They provide the local people with other ways to get food and energy. They also educate the local people on how cloud forests provide fresh water and what will happen when they are cleared.
Cloud forests are too valuable to lose. We must save them—plus the animals and plants they support—before it's too late.
34. How many meters above sea level are cloud forests usually found
35. Where does the water in the cloud forests come from
36. Why are cloud forests important to people in the nearby villages and cities
37. What problems do cloud forests face
38. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
【答案】34. From 500 meters to 4,000 meters.
35. Rainfall and the air.
36. Because they provide water to them.
37. Local people clear the cloud forests. The temperature increases gradually.
38. What some governments have done to protect cloud forests.
五
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共10分，每小题2分）
Some scientists were studying sea turtles in Costa Rica in Central America. Suddenly they found one turtle had something sticking out of its nose. It could not breathe. At first, the scientists thought it was a worm. But when they pulled the object out, it was a plastic straw.
The waste created by plastic straws is unbelievable. In the United States alone, 500 million straws are thrown away every day. That’s enough straws to circle the Earth twice, or fill 125 school buses.
Plastic straws are almost never recycled because they’re too small and could be made from several different types of plastic. Many of them end up as litter in our streets or worse, plastic waste in our oceans. They aren’t the biggest polluter of our waterways, but they can be some of the most dangerous to sea animals. Their size makes them easy for fish or birds to eat. About 71% of seabirds and 30% of turtles are found with plastic in their stomachs. When these animals eat the plastic, they have a 50% mortality rate (死亡率).
Milo Cress is a boy from Vermont, America, who wanted to reduce (减少) and possibly end the use of plastic straws in restaurants. In 2011, at the age of 9, he founded the Be Straw Free project, which focuses on building awareness (意识) about plastic waste and its effect on the environment.
“I noticed that whenever I ordered a drink at a restaurant, it would usually come with a straw in it, and I don’t usually need a straw,” Milo said. He started asking the local restaurant owners to stop providing the customer with a straw unless he or she asks for one. Many of them agreed and joined the movement. By doing that, the restaurants report a reduction in the number of straws they use between 50 and 80%.
Drinking with a straw is fun. But think twice. For anyone who really likes to use a straw, there are several ways to go. The best one is trying a reusable one, which can be washed along with dishes. Bamboo, metal and glass can be used to make reusable straws. Another one is to use paper straws, which are recyclable and can be found in attractive colors and patterns. With choices available, there’s no reason to add to the plastic straw waste problem.
34. How many straws are thrown away every day in the United States
______________________________
35. Why are plastic straws almost never recycled
______________________________
36. When did Milo found the Be Straw Free project
______________________________
37. What did Milo ask the local restaurant owners to do
______________________________
38. What are the choices for people who really like to use straws
______________________________
【答案】34. 500 million.
35. Because they’re too small and could be made from several different types of plastic.
36. In 2011.
37. To stop providing the customer with a straw unless he or she asks for one
38. They can use reusable straws or recyclable paper straws.
六
Yard Sales
Yard sales are popular in the US. They really got their start in shipyards in the early 1800s. Later in the 19th century the sales moved to community centers and really began to develop rapidly, until they became what we know them as today in the 1950s and 60s.
Yard sales might also be called garage(车库)sales. Whatever the name is, the activity is the same. People usually have yard sales in the yard or in the garage. They sell things they no longer want at yard sales. Over the years, many people’s houses fill up with objects. These objects are no longer useful to the first owner. Yet it seems wasteful to throw them away. When people move to a different house, they must take a decision about things. “Let’s have a yard sale,” they say. “Then we will not have to move the things we do not use anymore. And we can make a little money at the same time.”
The sellers usually put an announcement(公告)in a public place. It tells when and where the yard sale will take place. Yard sales are very popular during weekends in warmer seasons. There can be almost two hundred yard sales around Washington, D.C. on one weekend.
Just about anything can be sold at a yard sale. Sometimes, there are more clothes than anything else. Cooking equipment(设备)is also popular. So are old toys, tools, books, tables and chairs.
Some people go to yard sales to find a special thing that they collect. It may be an old toy train or a painting of dogs. Experts say more Americans are collecting old things now than ever before. The most popular things to collect are small objects:old money, stamps, dolls, bottles, baseball cards, toys and advertising signs.
However, most people go to yard sales to buy an object simply because it costs so little. New things in stores cost more than some people can pay. So, they are happy to find a painting, a warm coat, or a chair for ten or fifteen dollars. Perhaps they find dishes for twenty dollars that would cost one hundred dollars in a store.
1.When did yard sales get their start
2.What might yard sales also be called
3.Where do yard sale sellers usually put the announcement
4.How many yard sales can there be on one weekend around Washington, D.C.
5.Why do Americans go to yard sales
【答案】They got their start in the early 1800s.
【解析】由第一段第二句“They really got their start in shipyards in the early 1800s.”可知答案。
【答案】They might also be called garage sales.
【解析】由第二段第一句话“Yard sales might also be called garage sales.”可知答案。
【答案】They usually put the announcement in a public place.
【解析】由第三段第一句话“The sellers usually put an announcement in a public place.”可知答案。
【答案】There can be almost two hundred yard sales.
【解析】由第三段最后一句话“There can be almost two hundred yard sales around Washington, D.C. on one weekend.”可知答案。
5.【答案】Some people go to yard sales to find something special while others go to yard sales to buy things at a lower price. 【解析】由最后两段首句中的“Some people go to yard sales to find a special thing”及“most people go to yard sales to buy an object simply because it costs so little”可知答案。
七
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Collector's Corner
People collect all kinds of different things. Stamps or coins are the common ones to be collected. People also collect the less common ones, such as beer bottles or bus tickets. Some collectors spend hours looking through junk shops and build up a collection for a few pence per object, while other collectors might spend thousands of pounds on fine china or rare （稀有的）paintings.
Some people collect for money, but most people do it for fun. Collecting is basically illogical. If you simply want to listen to the American singer and actor Elvis Presley's first record, you can get a copy at most record shops. A collector, however, will want to own an original 1955 disc, and will be willing to pay for it.
What makes a collection valuable Rarity and condition are the most important things. A coin or stamp which is worth hundreds in perfect condition might be worth only pence in average or poor condition.
What should you collect Most collectors begin collecting things which interest them, and as the collection grows, knowledge of the subject grows. If you want your collection to grow in value, it is probably best to avoid things which are sold especially for collectors. Nearly everybody who buys a set of new coins or stamps will keep them in perfect condition, so that the new coins or stamps will never become rare. The most valuable collections are often things which were widely available, but which were usually thrown away after use, such as Coca-Cola bottles or toy cars. An interesting collection can be started very cheaply.
One collector has started a collection of 1950s and 1960s ball-point pens. At the moment it's worth nothing, but she predicts it will one day be valuable. Ball-points were widely available, and were made in a large range of colours and styles. They were often designed to be thrown away when they were empty. Many people aren't willing to throw away used pens, and put them in a drawer or box, perhaps hoping they might work again one day. So it is possible to find unusual things, made many years ago. That even costs nothing.
34. What common things do people collect
35. What do people collect for
36. What makes a collection valuable
37. Why will the new coins or stamps never become rare
38. What does the example in the last paragraph show
【答案】34. Stamps or coins.
35. Some people collect for money, but most people do it for fun.
36. Rarity and condition are the most important things.
37. Nearly everybody who buys a set of new coins or stamps will keep them in perfect condition.
38. Collections can be started cheaply./ An interesting collection can be started very cheaply. / A valuable collection can be started cheaply. /It is possible to find unusual things made many years ago. That even costs nothing.
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阅读表达
此题型涉及的话题丰富，主要有西方文化、经典人文故事、社会生活和环境保护话题。设题具有以下特点：
1. 设题有两种方式：5个特殊疑问句；4个特殊疑问句＋1个一般疑问句。
2. 近6年真题以考查细节理解题为主，偶尔涉及推理判断题(1次)和主旨大意题(2次)。
针对此题型，需提取题干疑问词和关键信息，定位到原文找答案。
解答阅读表达题,阅读是基础,表达是关键。所以在表达时,首先要注意以下原则:
(1)在答题时,总的原则是:能简略回答,尽量简略回答。
(2)书写要规范。句子开头首字母要大写;标点符号要规范,并且要使用正确;单词拼写要正确无误;单词书写要认真。
(3)做出适当调整。在回答时,同学们应对照题目,根据需要对句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配等做出适当调整。
其次,审题时要注意两个方面:
(1)看清提问方式。要分清是一般疑问句、选择疑问句还是特殊疑问句。
(2)要辨别问题类型。阅读表达主要分为细节理解题、主旨大意题、信息归纳题以及开放性问答题。考生需判断五道试题属于以上哪类问题,再通过不同的阅读策略高效获取信息,从而得到答案。
解题技巧
1.What疑问句
He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces.
36. What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe
____________________________________________________
题干意为：为了安全，马尔琴科决定做什么？此题针对文中的细节提问，为细节理解题。需要根据题干的关键词“keep safe”在文中寻找相关语句。根据第一句“He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe.”可知他把船移到更深的地方来保证安全。故答案为：He moved the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe.
2.When疑问句
The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.
34. When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic waters
____________________________________________________
题干意为：马尔琴科和他的学生是什么时候在北极海域发现巨浪的？此题针对时间提问，为细节理解题。需要根据题干的关键词“discover”，“waves”定位到相关语段。根据第一句“The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010.”可知巨浪在2010年5月被发现。故答案为：In May, 2010.
3.Why疑问句
The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.
35. Why did Marchenko and his students set out on a trip
_________________________________________________
题干意为：为什么马尔琴科和他的学生要出发去旅行？ 此题针对原因提问，为细节理解题。需要根据题干的关键词“set out on a trip”定位到相关语段。根据第三句“They wanted to study the icy waters.”可知是因为他们要研究冰冷的水域。故答案为：Because they wanted to study the icy waters.
4.Where疑问句
So where does the name “Black Friday” come from It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s. The police called this day “Black Friday” because of the heavy traffic it caused. In the 1960s, stores tried to rename the day “Big Friday”. It did not stick. The name “Black Friday” continued to spread across the country. It seems that it is here to stay.
64. Where was the name “Black Friday” first used in the 1950s
_________________________
题干意为：在二十世纪五十年代，“黑色星期五”这个名称首先在哪里被使用？此题针对地点提问，为细节理解题。根据题干中的“first used”可定位到文中相关语句。根据第二句“It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s.”可知“黑色星期五”这个名称在费城第一次被使用。故答案为：In Philadelphia.
5.Who疑问句
Almost every kid in this country has ever eaten Hershey Chocolate. But do you know that the Hershey Chocolate factory is more than one hundred years old And do you know that the father of Hershey Chocolate, Milton Hershey, had many failures in business before he started his famous company
64. Who is the father of Hershey Chocolate
________________________________________________
题干意为：谁是好时巧克力之父？此题针对人物提问，为细节理解题。根据“the father of Hershey Chocolate”可定位到文中相关语段。根据第三句“And do you know that the father of Hershey Chocolate, Milton Hershey, had many failures in business before...”可知米尔顿·赫尔歇是好时巧克力之父。故答案为：Milton Hershey.
7.How疑问句
I am Canadian. I started learning French when I was 10 years old. But my whole experience with the language was in the classroom. All of that changed, however, during my last summer of high school. As a 17 year old girl, I flew across the country by myself for the first time. I headed for Quebec to live in the province with a French speaking host family, who didn’t speak any English. And I
would learn French at a local school.
On the first day of school, all of us students were given a test to determine(测定) our language level. We were required to speak only French all summer.
61. How did the local school determine the students’language level
________________________________________________________
题干意为：当地学校怎样判定学生的语言水平？此题针对方式提问，为细节理解题。题干中疑问词是how，可知要寻找关于如何判定的方式。根据关键词“determine”“language level”可以定位到文中相关语段。从第二段第一句“On the first day of school, all of us students were given a test to determine(测定)our language level.”可知当地学校是通过给学生测试的方式来判定学生的语言水平。故答案为：By giving them a test.
8.How long疑问句
On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it moved slowly for 108 years and 138 days.
61. How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea
__________________________________________________
题干意为：加重的玻璃瓶在海里漂流了多久？此题针对时间段提问，为细节理解题。题干中的疑问词为“How long”，关键词为“the weighted glass bottle”，利用scanning(扫读法)可定位到最后一句“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it moved slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”可知是108年138天。故答案为：108 years and 138 days.
9.How many疑问句
British roads are some of the safest roads in the world. A study in 2018 compared more than 30 countries and found that 3.8 people per 100，000 died in traffic accidents in the UK. This number was lower than any other country. So, what did British drivers do to achieve this What are they doing differently Here are five top tips for drivers who are planning a trip to the UK.
46. How many tips are mentioned in the passage
__________________________________________
题干意为：文章中提到了几个小提示？此题针对数量提问，为细节理解题。题干中特殊疑问词组为“How many”，可知要寻找关于数字的信息。根据关键词“tips”，利用scanning(扫读法)可定位到最后一句话“Here are five top tips for drivers who are planning a trip to the UK.”可知本文中提到了五个提示。故答案为：Five.
10.How high/... 疑问句
Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ship’s navigation(航行) system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used to be small.
37. How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system
_____________________________
题干意为：航行系统记录的最高的海浪是多高？此题针对高度提问，为细节题解题。题干中的特殊疑问词组为“How high”，可知要寻找与高度有关的信息。根据关键词“the largest waves”可以定位到第二、三句“The ship’s navigation(航行) system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height.”。可知海浪最高超过20英尺。故答案为：More than 20 feet.
11.一般疑问句
Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday. The day after it has been known as Black Friday. It is the start of the holiday shopping season, and it has been the busiest shopping day of the year in the US since 2005.
61. Is Black Friday the start of the holiday shopping season
___________________________________________________
题干意为：黑色星期五是假期购物季的开始吗？此题为细节理解题。本题为一般疑问句需要对比题干与原文相关语句的信息。根据第三句“It is the start of the holiday shopping season...”可知黑色星期五是假期购物季的开始，答案为肯定。故答案为：Yes, it is./Yes.
随堂练习
一
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共 10 分，每小题 2 分）
HUTONG
Every year thousands of tourists come to China. They come to see the great sights of the Great Wall and the Forbidden City but often it is the hutongs that leave the strongest
impression (印象), as they offer travelers an unusual view into Beijing’s past. Hutongs connect courtyards of traditional houses and are a feature of ancient Chinese building. Beijing’s hutongs are especially famous, however, as there are thousands of them. Nowadays, the word “hutong” has come to mean more than just the alleys (小巷) , which connect the courtyards. It also refers to the courtyards themselves and even the communities.
Most of Beijing’s hutongs were built between the 13th and 19th centuries during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. To help them manage the city, the Emperors (皇帝) during these periods organized different areas of Beijing and had houses built around courtyards. The Emperor’s home, the Forbidden City, was in the centre of Beijing and the homes of the nobles (贵族) and rich people were in hutongs closest to the palace. Normal people lived in the hutongs further away from the palace.
By connecting people’s homes, the hutongs in fact connected people’s lives, whether the lives of the rich or the lives of the poor. Because the houses were built facing each other around courtyards, the families who lived there were an important part of each other’s lives. They supported each other when help was needed and shared the happiness and sadness of everyday life. Because of the hutongs, courtyards were joined together for miles around creating a network of people working, playing and living together – a real community.
Hutongs are still an important part of Beijing’s life and it is not surprising that tourists love the hutongs. They can walk up Sanmiao Street, which dates back 900 years, wander down Dongjiaominxiang – the longest hutong at 3km, or squeeze through Qianshi – the narrowest (窄) at only 40cm wide! The hutongs not only connect Beijing’s streets and communities, but also its past and present, showing that Beijing is truly an ancient yet modern city.
34. What do hutongs offer travelers
35. Besides the alleys, what does the word “hutong” refer to nowadays
36. When were most of Beijing’s hutongs built
37. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
38. What is special about Dongjiaominxiang
二
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
In 2016, Lang Ping became the first in volleyball history to win an Olympic gold medal both as a player and a coach, Because it's unusual for an outstanding athlete to be an excellent coach as well, she is thought to be China’s Michael Jordan.
Born from a poor family in Tianjin in 1960, she didn't get very much to eat. Life took a lucky turn in middle school. Since she enjoyed sports a lot, at the age of 13, she joined her school volleyball team. Volleyball suited her. She became famous because of her powerful arm movement. Then in 1978, at just 18, Lang joined China's first women’s national volleyball team. She became the captain in 1984 for her good performance. The team fought on the world stage, winning the FIVB 1981 Women’s World Cup and the World Championships of 1982.
After that, Lang Ping stayed on as an assistant (助理) coach. This was more of a challenge. She thinks being a coach is different from being a player. “As a player, all you need to think about is producing your best performance on the court. But as a coach you have to consider the players, training, competition and even factors off the court that may help or harm the team,” she once said in an interview.
She retired as a player in 1986. After a few years, she rejoined the Chinese team as a coach with a set of goals. First, to make China the leading Asian team in the world rankings. Second, to get a medal at the Rio Olympics. From these simple goals came great results.
Her story is now being told through a movie, Leap, with famous Chinese actress Gong Li playing the role of her. For the Chinese, she's much more than just a volleyball coach. Lang Ping's example will no doubt be a guiding light for years to come. "No matter what challenges you face, do your best," she has said. "Believe in the power of hard work. Success will surely belong to those who never give up. "
It’s because of her that the "women’s volleyball team spirit" is remembered by the nation. It’s a mindset that made Lang a national hero and China No.1 in the world rankings for Women’s volleyball.
34. Why is Lang Ping thought to be China’s Michael Jordan
__________________________________________________________
35. When did Lang Ping join China’s first women’s national volleyball team
__________________________________________________________
36. What does Lang Ping think of being a coach
__________________________________________________________
37. How is her story being told to the world now
__________________________________________________________
38. What might be the title of this passage
__________________________________________________________
三
阅读短文, 根据短文内容回答问题。
Becoming a Minimalist (极简主义者)
I have too many things. My bedroom is often very messy. I have shelves with dirty books I never read and CDs I don’t listen to. My drawers are filled with clothes I never wear. I was getting upset that I never had any space in my bedroom. Then I read about minimalist. Minimalist suggests that you only keep the most necessary and important things and get rid of (处理掉) everything else. After reading about minimalism I felt encouraged to solve my problem.
I started clearing out a lot of the things which I didn’t use. I collected bags of clothes to give to charity (慈善机构 ). I sold some of the CDs and books online. Although I knew that I would never need these things again, I still found it very difficult to get rid of them. My brain tried to stop me from letting them go. I said to myself “I might need that in the future!” or “Won’t I be sad if I lose that ” But the thing was, I knew I couldn’t keep everything.
After getting lots of things out of my room, I actually became quite excited to see the tidy room with some fresh space. And an organized bedroom also makes me have a clear and organized mind! The main idea behind minimalism is to cut down what you own and really value the things you have. It’s not easy to be a minimalist. We are often told that it is better to have more things. Advertisements try to make us believe that we will only be happy by spending more money to buy more things. Of course, I’m not a perfect minimalist—I’ve only just started. I still own a lot of things which I don’t really need, but I think this was a good start. In the future, I will be more mindful of what I buy. And I will continue to make an effort to get rid of what I don’t need.
34. Is the writer’s bedroom often very messy
35. When did the writer feel encouraged to solve her problem
36. How did the writer get rid of some of the CDs and books
37. What is the main idea behind minimalism
38. Why is it not easy to be a minimalist
四
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Cloud Forests
In the Americas, Asia, and Africa, there's a special kind of forest—the cloud forest. Cloud forests are usually found from 500 meters to 4,000 meters above sea level in the clouds on the slopes （斜坡）of mountains. They experience rainfall, but they also get water straight from the air. The water is unpolluted, and moves through the ground into streams and then rivers.
Cloud forests are very important to both people who live nearby and the animals and plants living there. They provide water to nearby villages and cities. People drink the water, use it for cooking, and irrigate （灌溉） their farm fields with it. In Kenya, people even use water from cloud forests to produce electricity. Although cloud forests only make up 2.5 percent of the world's rainforests, they are also home to many animals and plants.
Unfortunately, cloud forests now face many problems. Local poor people clear the cloud forests. They cut down trees to grow food and use the wood to heat their homes and cook. Building roads also badly harms the cloud forests. Once cloud forests are cleared, the cloud cover, which is important and necessary to the growth of these forests, goes away. Another bigger worry is that the temperature increases gradually. If world temperatures rise, cloud forests will have to move up to a higher place where the temperatures are cooler. But some cloud forests on mountain tops with nowhere to climb will die out.
Scientists fear we might lose cloud forests, along with the water and other services they provide. Some governments have taken actions to protect cloud forests. They make laws against cutting down trees in the cloud forests. They provide the local people with other ways to get food and energy. They also educate the local people on how cloud forests provide fresh water and what will happen when they are cleared.
Cloud forests are too valuable to lose. We must save them—plus the animals and plants they support—before it's too late.
34. How many meters above sea level are cloud forests usually found
35. Where does the water in the cloud forests come from
36. Why are cloud forests important to people in the nearby villages and cities
37. What problems do cloud forests face
38. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
五
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共10分，每小题2分）
Some scientists were studying sea turtles in Costa Rica in Central America. Suddenly they found one turtle had something sticking out of its nose. It could not breathe. At first, the scientists thought it was a worm. But when they pulled the object out, it was a plastic straw.
The waste created by plastic straws is unbelievable. In the United States alone, 500 million straws are thrown away every day. That’s enough straws to circle the Earth twice, or fill 125 school buses.
Plastic straws are almost never recycled because they’re too small and could be made from several different types of plastic. Many of them end up as litter in our streets or worse, plastic waste in our oceans. They aren’t the biggest polluter of our waterways, but they can be some of the most dangerous to sea animals. Their size makes them easy for fish or birds to eat. About 71% of seabirds and 30% of turtles are found with plastic in their stomachs. When these animals eat the plastic, they have a 50% mortality rate (死亡率).
Milo Cress is a boy from Vermont, America, who wanted to reduce (减少) and possibly end the use of plastic straws in restaurants. In 2011, at the age of 9, he founded the Be Straw Free project, which focuses on building awareness (意识) about plastic waste and its effect on the environment.
“I noticed that whenever I ordered a drink at a restaurant, it would usually come with a straw in it, and I don’t usually need a straw,” Milo said. He started asking the local restaurant owners to stop providing the customer with a straw unless he or she asks for one. Many of them agreed and joined the movement. By doing that, the restaurants report a reduction in the number of straws they use between 50 and 80%.
Drinking with a straw is fun. But think twice. For anyone who really likes to use a straw, there are several ways to go. The best one is trying a reusable one, which can be washed along with dishes. Bamboo, metal and glass can be used to make reusable straws. Another one is to use paper straws, which are recyclable and can be found in attractive colors and patterns. With choices available, there’s no reason to add to the plastic straw waste problem.
34. How many straws are thrown away every day in the United States
______________________________
35. Why are plastic straws almost never recycled
______________________________
36. When did Milo found the Be Straw Free project
______________________________
37. What did Milo ask the local restaurant owners to do
______________________________
38. What are the choices for people who really like to use straws
______________________________
六
Yard Sales
Yard sales are popular in the US. They really got their start in shipyards in the early 1800s. Later in the 19th century the sales moved to community centers and really began to develop rapidly, until they became what we know them as today in the 1950s and 60s.
Yard sales might also be called garage(车库)sales. Whatever the name is, the activity is the same. People usually have yard sales in the yard or in the garage. They sell things they no longer want at yard sales. Over the years, many people’s houses fill up with objects. These objects are no longer useful to the first owner. Yet it seems wasteful to throw them away. When people move to a different house, they must take a decision about things. “Let’s have a yard sale,” they say. “Then we will not have to move the things we do not use anymore. And we can make a little money at the same time.”
The sellers usually put an announcement(公告)in a public place. It tells when and where the yard sale will take place. Yard sales are very popular during weekends in warmer seasons. There can be almost two hundred yard sales around Washington, D.C. on one weekend.
Just about anything can be sold at a yard sale. Sometimes, there are more clothes than anything else. Cooking equipment(设备)is also popular. So are old toys, tools, books, tables and chairs.
Some people go to yard sales to find a special thing that they collect. It may be an old toy train or a painting of dogs. Experts say more Americans are collecting old things now than ever before. The most popular things to collect are small objects:old money, stamps, dolls, bottles, baseball cards, toys and advertising signs.
However, most people go to yard sales to buy an object simply because it costs so little. New things in stores cost more than some people can pay. So, they are happy to find a painting, a warm coat, or a chair for ten or fifteen dollars. Perhaps they find dishes for twenty dollars that would cost one hundred dollars in a store.
1.When did yard sales get their start
2.What might yard sales also be called
3.Where do yard sale sellers usually put the announcement
4.How many yard sales can there be on one weekend around Washington, D.C.
5.Why do Americans go to yard sales
七
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Collector's Corner
People collect all kinds of different things. Stamps or coins are the common ones to be collected. People also collect the less common ones, such as beer bottles or bus tickets. Some collectors spend hours looking through junk shops and build up a collection for a few pence per object, while other collectors might spend thousands of pounds on fine china or rare （稀有的）paintings.
Some people collect for money, but most people do it for fun. Collecting is basically illogical. If you simply want to listen to the American singer and actor Elvis Presley's first record, you can get a copy at most record shops. A collector, however, will want to own an original 1955 disc, and will be willing to pay for it.
What makes a collection valuable Rarity and condition are the most important things. A coin or stamp which is worth hundreds in perfect condition might be worth only pence in average or poor condition.
What should you collect Most collectors begin collecting things which interest them, and as the collection grows, knowledge of the subject grows. If you want your collection to grow in value, it is probably best to avoid things which are sold especially for collectors. Nearly everybody who buys a set of new coins or stamps will keep them in perfect condition, so that the new coins or stamps will never become rare. The most valuable collections are often things which were widely available, but which were usually thrown away after use, such as Coca-Cola bottles or toy cars. An interesting collection can be started very cheaply.
One collector has started a collection of 1950s and 1960s ball-point pens. At the moment it's worth nothing, but she predicts it will one day be valuable. Ball-points were widely available, and were made in a large range of colours and styles. They were often designed to be thrown away when they were empty. Many people aren't willing to throw away used pens, and put them in a drawer or box, perhaps hoping they might work again one day. So it is possible to find unusual things, made many years ago. That even costs nothing.
34. What common things do people collect
35. What do people collect for
36. What makes a collection valuable
37. Why will the new coins or stamps never become rare
38. What does the example in the last paragraph show
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