仁爱科普版英语九年级上Unit 4 Amazing Science Topic 3 China is the third nation that sent a person into space.同步

第十二讲---Unit 4 Topic 3 China is the third nation that sent a person into space.
初中英语 年级 九年级
重难点 that,who,which引导的定语从句
【知识储备】 定语从句 一、概念： 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 二、关系词： 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 关系代词、副词作用先行词例句that, who, whom（只做宾语）主语、宾语、表语人Do you know the girl who/ that is wearing a red coat I don’t know the girl who/ that/ whom you are waiting for.that, which主语、宾语、表语物、时间、地点、原因She can’t find the pen that/ which I lent to her.The school that/ which we visited is very beautiful.Do you remember the days that/ which we spent together whose定语人The boy whose mother is a teacher studies very hard. whose定语物The house whose window is open is mine. when状语时间I still remember the day when you came here.where状语地点This is the factory where my father works.why状语原因Do you know the reason why he was late
三，关系代词的用法： 1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语） The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语） 2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语） The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语） 3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语） Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语） 四，因为that和which都可以指物，大部分情况下互换通用，只用一些情况下是例外，所以尤其注意只用that和只用which的用法（中考难点，一定要记牢） （一）只用that引导的定语从句 a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 This is the second book (that) I borrowed from the school library. b. 被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ c. 先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 He is the only person that/ who I know here. d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时(或者两个或两个以上分别表示人或物的先行词)，只能用that， 而不用which.例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 We are talking about the people and the things (that) we have visited in the country. e. 以who, what或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that. Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which. There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 （二）只用which引导的定语从句 a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如： What‘s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如： This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c. 引导非限定性定语从句（主句和从句用逗号分开的）时，用which， 而不用that.例如： Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 总结：关于that和which引导定语从句的用法区别，请记住下面的顺口溜： that, which可互换，下列情况勿照办。 that情况比较多，先来对你说一说： 不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错。 先行词前有修饰，千万不要用which。 要用which别着急，介词提前逗隔离。 定语从句练习 1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？ -Yes， he‘s our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _____I can swim？ A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？ A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate A. who‘s B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister. A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was 9. Mr. Li is an English teacher ______ loved playing soccer. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 10. We called the man ________ had promised to help us. A. he B. that C. whom D. which 11. The coat _______ he is wearing today was bought by his aunt. A. what B. where C. who D. that 12. The place _______ he works is in the factory. A. that B. which C. in which D. in where 13. That's the most beautiful place ______ I have ever __________. A. where; visited B. that; visit C. where; visit D. that; visited 14. All ______ they have done is good for us. A. what B. which C. why D. that 15. I want to go to some places ________ it's cool in summer. A. those B. which C. where D. this Section A make great progress in: 在。。。方面取得极大的进步 travel into space: 到太空去旅行 send into 发射。。。到。。。 a large crowd 一大群人 during one’s life 在他一生中 nation hero 国家英雄 give us a lesson 给。。。上课 step into 步入 set foot on the foot 踏上月球 along with 和。。。。一起，共同 Section B advise sb to do 建议。。。做。。。 change the speed of spaceships 控制飞船速度 control the direction of 控制。。。的方向 make up one’s mind to do 下定决心做某事 introduce.....to sb 把。。。介绍给。。。。 as well as 还有，而且 through the telescopes 通过望远镜 Section C there is no doubt 毫无疑问 keep their hearts beating 使他们的心脏跳动 place and cancel orders 下订单和取消订单 personal computers 个人电脑 do business 做生意 chat online 在线聊天 for instance 例如 at work and at home 在工作中和家庭生活中 break down 出故障 Section D for certain 确切地 cause problems 带来麻烦 be surprised at 对。。。。感到惊讶 think on one’s own 独立地思考 warn sb not to do sth 警告某人别做。。。。 句型 Section A 1.It proved that China has made great progress in its space industry。 那证明中国已在航天事业上取得了巨大的进步。 Prove 意为证明，证实，常用于以下两种句式： Prove +（that）从句意为“证明”，如： This proved that you are wrong .这证明了你是错的。 prove.....to ...意为_______ 如： Just give me a chance and I’ll _______ it to you 只要给我个机会，我就会证明给你看。 2.He is our national hero who traveled around the earth in shenzhou V 21 hours in 2003. 在2003年，他乘坐神舟五号围绕地球飞行了二十一个小时，他是我们的民族英雄。 定语从句中，当先行词是人时，关系代词用who/that,例：Do you know the man who is speaking with our English teacher 你认识那个正在和我们英语老师讲话的男的吗？ It’s a spaceship which was launched as China’s first lunar probe.它是中国第一个月球探测器。 定语从句中，当先行词是物时，关系代词用which/that.例：This is the book which his father bought for him as a birthday gift. 这本书是他爸买给他当做生日礼物的。 Section B So I advised you to discover new ways to make computers serve us better.因此我建议你去寻求新的方法，让电脑更好地为我们服务。 _______ 建议，劝告某人做某事。 例：The teacher often _______ her _______ make friends with others 老师经常建议她多和别人交朋友。 _______ 建议和劝告某人别做某事。 例： His parents _______ him ______________ with those bad friends 他父母劝告他别和那些坏朋友玩在一起。 Kang kang made up his mind to work hard to master computer technology 康康下定决心努力学习去掌握电脑科学知识。 ______________ 下定决心做某事。 例：All the students _____________________ study English better. 所有的学生都下定决心去把英语学得更好。 Section C There is no doubt that computers are very useful in technology and business.毋庸置疑，计算机在科技和商业领域非常有用。 ______________ 意为“毫无疑问”， 例：_____________________ he isn’t interested in learning English. 毫无疑问他对英语学习没有丝毫兴趣。 Instead of writing letters on paper ,people communicate by sending e-mails and chatting online.人们通过发送电子邮件和在线聊天的方式进行交流，代替了用纸写信。 ______________ 代替。。。 例： He stayed at home yesterday ______________ going out to watch movies . 昨天我呆在家里而不是外出看电视。 For instance ,if we work on computers too long ,we may get headaches or sore eyes. 例如，如果我们在计算机前工作太久，也许会头痛或眼睛酸涩。 ______________例如，举例。 如：______________, you can study English by listening to the tapes . 例如，你可以通过听磁带来学习英语。 It was reported on TV that all of the computers in the world broke down today. 电视报道说全世界的电脑在今天都出了故障。 ______________: 据报道。 如：______________ the famous film star will visit our school next month 据报道下个月那个著名的影星会来我们校参观。 Section D No one knows for certain,but most people think that robots will be part of lives. 没人确切地知道（未来会是什么样），但是大多数人认为机器人将会成为我们生活的一部分。 _____________________意为“确切地知道/肯定地说”。 如：I ______________ that he doesn’t like English, but his father doesn’t believe it虽然我知道他肯定不喜欢英语，但他父亲不相信。 One scientist warns that if robots starts to think for themselves ,they will no longer want to be our servants ,but our masters. 一位科学家警告说如果机器人开始独立思考，他们将不再愿做我们的拥人，而是我们的主人。 warn +that 引导的从句， 例 He warns that if the headmaster doesn’t say sorry to him , he won’t go back to school next week. 他警告说如果校长不跟他道歉，他下周就不会回到学校去。 _____________________: 警告某人不要做某事。 例：The teacher _______ the students ______________ in class. 老师警告学生不要在课堂上讲话。
典例精析 用that, which, who完成下列句子 1. Spaceships is a vehicle are now mainly controlled by electronic. 2. Liu Yang is an astronaut was the first woman astronaut to travel into space. 3. This is the pen I used to write with, my grandfather gave to me. 4. In all the places of interest, there are things tourists should not miss. 5. Mr. Li is a man means what he says.
【当堂小测】 1.It has been proved ______ he is a smart boy. A. who B. what C. that D. which 2.We will need ______people to help us finish the task. A. three another B. other three C. three others D. another three 3.You look cold. How about a nice hot drink ___________. A. Prove it B. The same to you C. My pleasure D. That’s great 4.China is a great country______ has about 5000 years of history. A. who B. it C. that D. when 5.----I have a terrible fever. ----I advise you ________ the doctor right now. A. seeing B. to see C. to seeing D. saw 6.---Harry Potter studies hard at math _______. ---Yes. He makes up his ______ to improve his math. A. recent, mind B. recent, thought C. recently, mind D. recently, thought 7.The planet______looks like a red and orange ball is Mars. A. who B. which C. that D. B and C 8.Students have many problems._______, they often feel worried before an exam. A. For instance B. Such as C. Like D. As for 9.There is_____ that learning English well is very important for teenagers. A. doubt B. no doubt C. necessary D. true 10.---Are there aliens on other planets ---Maybe. But no one knows ________. A. true B. for certain C. real D. certain 11.We ______them that there was a dangerous dog in the field. A. asked B. told C. warned D. spoke 12.---I’m sorry to have kept you ______so long. ---Oh, never mind. A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. waits 13.---What did the man say over there ---He told us_____any further. There is danger. A. not to go B. don’t go C. not go D. to go 14.I’m sorry. All the flights_______because of bad weather now. A. were cancelled B. were placed C. are placed D. are cancelled 15.China launched Shenzhou V successfully _____ the morning of Oct.15, 2003. A. on B. in C. from D. at 短文填词 Maybe it’s not strange for you to see some robots now. With the development of robots ___51___[tek’n l d i] we can use robots widely in many areas. For ___52___, in 2005 , Japan ___53___(development) a new robot. It can take good care of a child. The new robot is ___54___ iPapero. It ___55___(weight) 13.2 kilos, and has a body of 15.2 by 10.3 and by 9.8 inches(英寸). iPapero is a small robot but it has many___56___ [‘spe l] skills. It can recognize(识别) and remember more than ten faces and use its eight electronic ears to understand human voices even in ___57___(noise) situations. It also plays games with children when they are ___58___, or sing songs or ask quizzes(谜语) to make the child happy. If the child is ___59___(boring), iPapero will change new songs and quizzes so that it doesn't repeat itself. The robot babysitter(保姆) even has a cell phone to call a ___60___ [‘pe r nt] when the child asks for his mother. 阅读填空，根据首字母填空 A young man was going to spend his holiday in a mountain village. That night he s______ (1) at a small hotel near the railway station. B_______ (2) going to bed, he went to the owner of the hotel and said, “Excuse me, sir. Will you please w______ (3) me up at a quarter to five tomorrow morning I’ll take the five o’clock t_______ (4).” “Oh, sorry,” the owner said i____ (5) a hurry, “I’m afraid I can’t. I won’t be able to get up s_____ (6) early.” The young man was about to return to his r_______(7)when he stopped and asked, “Have you got an alarm-clock(闹钟) M_______ (8) it can help me.” “Yes, here you are, young man.” The young man thanked the owner happily. But when he looked at the alarm-clock closely, it seemed there was something w_______ (9) with it. “Will it ring o_____ (10) time ” he asked. “Sure! You just give it a good shake (摇晃)at a quarter to five. And it will ring.” 答题处： 1. ________ 2._________ 3._________ 4. ________ 5._________ 6._________7. ________ 8._________ 9._________10.________
【课后作业】 一、单项选择（20分） ( ）1.He a machine,it leaning the glass of the windows. A.found, is used to B.discovers; is used for C.invented; is used to D.invented; was used for ( ) 2.Scoops are used for things. A.scoops B.scooped C.scooping D.scoop ( )3.Can you tell me the train was invented A.what B.who C.when D.which ( )4.Do you think shoes with adjustable heels widely in the future A.will be used B.are used C.will use D.are using ( )5.Was a car invented March 4,1876 A.on B.in C.at D.of ( )7.Salt tasted .It is in East and South China. A.sour;produced B.salt;produces C.salty;produced D.salty;producing ( )8.English is useful language,isn’t it A.a B.an C.the D./ ( )9.In ancient China, cups three legs drinking wine. A.with;were used for B.in;were used as C.with; were used to D.had;were used for ( )10.The kind of books well and out in this bookshop. A.sells; are sold B.sells; sells C.is sold; sells D.is sold; is sold ( )11.Your homework had better in after class. A.hand B.be hand C.be handed D.to hand ( )12.He is ofen heard English in the park in the morning. A.reading B.to read C.read D.reads ( )13. Don’t make such a little child at home alone at night. A.to stay B.stays C.stayed D.stay ( )14.—What are on show in the museum --Picture by some African children. A.were taken B.taken C.will be taken D.took ( )15.Sometimes dogs guides. A.are used as B.are used for C.are used to D.are used by ( )16.In order to clearly.He raised his voice. A.hear B.hears C.heard D.be heard ( )17.I saw a stranger into our office quietly. A.came B.come C.coming D.to come ( )18.I don’t know if he here tomorrow If he ,please tell me. A.will come,will come B.comes,comes C.will come,comes D.comes,will come ( )19.I’ll home for two weeks A.leave B.leave C.be away D.be away from ( )20.If he can Tom,he will the last match. A.win,win B.beat,beat C.beat,win D.win,beat 完形填空 The computer is a useful machine. It is one of ___16___ invention in many years. The___17___kind of computer is the abacus (算盘), invented in China centuries___18___, but the first large, modem computer was built in 1946. The computer then could do maths problems very fast. Today computers are used in___19___ways and can do many kinds of work. We are sure that___20___years the computer may touch the life of everyone, ___21___ people in the faraway villages. In the last few years, there___22___great changes in computers. They are getting smaller and smaller, but computing faster and faster. Many scientists agree that computers can now do many things, but they cannot do___23___. Who knows___24___the computers of tomorrow will be like Will computers bring good things or bad things to people The scientists of today will have to decide___25___ use the computers of tomorrow. 16. A. important B. more important C. the more important D. the most important 17. A. newest B. most advanced(先进的) C. oldest D. fastest 18. A. time B. from C. ago D. before 19. A. more B. many C. much D. a lots 20. A. little B. few C. a few D. a little 21. A. and B. but C. except D. even 22. A. is B. have been C. was D. will be 23. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 24. A. which B. what C. that D. how 25. A. what to B. how to C. where D. who 三.阅读理解 (A) Do you know Wei bo Do you write a Weibo If you don't, you are "out"! Weibo means microblog. People may spend much time writing a blog, but it takes a little time to write a micro blog. Why Because every message on a microblog is less than 140 words. Microblog started in the USA. It came to China in 2009 and it has developed very fast. In 2011, the number of Chinese micro-bloggers grew to 300 million. Now, more and more people are interested in writing microblogs. For many microblog users, it is a great way of learning the freshest news, talking with friends and sharing different kinds of information, including news, daily life, pictures, music and so on. Many stars and famous people also write microblogs and share good things with their fans. It is easy and fast to send a message on a microblog. However, this can also lead to problems and even cause panic . For example, when the big earthquake and tsunami hit Japan in March, 2011, messages like " Salt can protect people from radiation" were hot on microblogs. It soon caused a crazy buying of salt. Later people realized it was just arumor (谣言). In a word, microblog plays a new role in the life of Chinese people. 26. Weibo means________in English. A. blog B. micro C. microblog D. short message 27. People spend _____ time and _____ words writing microblog. A. little,a few B. a little,few C. a little,a few D. a few,a little 28. When did microblog come to China and where did it start A. 2009, in the USA B. 2011, in China C. 2011, in the USA D. 2009, in China 29. When the big earthquake and tsunami hit Japan, what microblog caused a crazy buying of salt A. Salt can protect people B. Salt can protect people from radiation C. Radiation is very terrible D. Radiation is salt 30. Which of the following is TRUE A. Writing a microblog needs a special training. B. Microblog appeared in China only one year ago but it has developed rapidly. C. As a popular thing, microblog has its advantages and disadvantages. D. More and more Chinese show great interest in microblog because it started in the USA. (B) Now, millions of people are using WeChat. Most probably, you are one user of WeChat, too. But how much do you know about it WeChat, in Chinese, Weixin, is a mobile texe and voice messaging communication service. WeChat began as a project at Tencent(腾讯) in Oct 2010. The original name of the APP, “Weixin”, was invented by Zhang Xiaolong, and named by Ma Huateng, Tencent CEO. And it was first released in January 2011. Weixin can be installed in almost any kind of smart phones. Users can register(注册) WeChat with Facebook account or sign up with phone number. WeChat currently supports phone numbers of more than 100 countries to register. And users can connect their WeChat around with Tencent QQ account after registering through phone number. WeChat provides text messaging, hold-to-talk voice messaging, broadcast(one-to-many) messaging, sharing of photographs and videos, and location sharing.It can exchange contacts with people nearby by bluetooth(蓝牙), as well as provide various features for contacting people at random(随机) if you want. And a machine translation service is available, too. In May 2011, WeChat had 4 to 5 million users, and by the end of 2011, it had 50 million users. WeChat had more than 100 million users by March 2012. WeChat had 438 million active users by the Augest of 2014, with 70 million outside of China. According to GlobalWebIndex(市场研究公司), WeChat is the fifth most used smart phone app worldwide and following Google Maps, Facebook, YouTube and Google+ in Augest 2013. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 31. What does the underlined word APP mean A. Weixin B. Tencent C. APPLE D. Zhang Xiaolong 32. Who invented Weixin A. Tencent B. Zhang Xiaolong C. Ma Huateng D. WeChat 33. According to the third and fourth paragraph, which of the following statementsis NOT true A. Weixin can be installed in almost any kind of smart phone. B. Users can register WeChat with Facebook account or sign up with phone number. C. You can share videos, photos, location with your friends. D. You can register WeChat with Tencent QQ account. 34. What does Weixin not provide A. text messaging B. screenshot C hold-to-talk voice messaging D. broadcast(one-to-many) messaging 35. What is the best title of the passage A. GlobalWebIndex B. Google Maps C. Facebook D. WeChat (C) Today almost everyone knows computers and the internet.If I ask you "what is the most important. If I ask you "what is the most important in your life maybe you will say "Computers and the internet." The first computer was made in 1946.It was very big but it worked slowly.___36___What can computers do A writer has said ,"People can't live without computers today." The internet came a little later than computers.It is about twenty-five years later than computers.___37___.We can use it to read books,write letters,do shopping,play games or make friends. Many students like the internet very much.___38___.They make friends on the internet and maybe they have never seen these friends. They don't know their real names, ages, and even sex. ___39___. Some of them play games in the Internet bars all day and night. Many of them can't catch up with others on many subjects because of that. Now the government has done many thing. Some gangster bars(黑网吧) have been banned(取缔). ___40___. The teachers and parents are still worried about these children. We can use computers and the internet to learn more about the world.But at the same time,we should remember that not all the things can be done by computers and the internet. A They are so interested in making “unreal friends” that they can’t put their heart into study. B But now it can be found almost everywhere. C They often go to the Internet bars as long as they are free. D But that’s not enough. E Today computers are getting smaller. But they work faster and faster.
36 ________ 37. _______ 38. _________ 39. __________ 40. ___________