人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册：Unit1 Science fiction单词精讲课件（40张PPT）

(共40张PPT)
Unit 1 单词精讲
01
appoint vt.&vi.约定;委派; 任命
→ appointment n.约会; 预约; 委任
We appointed a day in June for celebration.
Everyone was assembled in the hall at the appointed time.
① appoint sb (as) sth:
Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.
② appoint sb to sth:
He has been appointed to the committee.
③ appoint sb to do sth:
A nurse was appointed to guard her.
appointment n.约会; 预约; 委任
make / keep an appointment
I have an appointment with my dentist at 11:30.
She had an appointment to paint her nails.
He holds an appointment in the English Department at present.
They congratulated him on his appointment as president.
1. She had failed to keep her appointment for third times._____
2. They congratulated him on his appointment as chairman.
_______
3. He has taken up an appointment as Professor of Chemistry.
_____
1. I have an __________ (appoint) at the doctor’s.
2. She has an appointment __________ her friend, but she have to change it.
我约好了这周末去做美甲。(appointment, paint)
____________________________________________________________
失约
任命
职位
appointment
appointment
with
I have an appointment to paint my nails this weekend.
02
suspend vt.
悬；挂；吊
1. The builders worked on wooden platforms, suspended by ropes from the roof of the building.
2. It was very uncomfortable lying on the hospital bed with my legs suspended in the air.
暂停；中止；使暂停发挥作用（或使用等）
1. The company has to suspend the space exploration project due to financial problems.
2. Talks between the two countries have now been suspended.
suspension n.
[U]［单数］暂停；中止：
1. the suspension of business / a meeting
2. The school allows a partial suspension of its rules on the last day of term.
[U] & [C] 暂令停职（或停学、停赛等）：
1. suspension from office / school
2. suspension bridge
1. A lamp was suspended from the ceiling. _______
2. Production has been suspended while safety checks are carried out. ______
3. Dave was suspended from school for a week. ______
4. Julie was suspended from her job shortly after the incident.
___________
悬；挂；吊
暂停 / 中止
被停学
被停职
suspend
03
dismiss vt.
让……离开；解散：
1. dismiss sb with a wave of the hand
2. The class was dismissed early today.
［常用于被动语态］解雇；开除：
1. He was dismissed from his job for incompetence.
消除（顾虑等）；拒绝考虑：
1. dismiss fears / doubts from one’s mind
2. He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic.
dismiss vt.
dismiss from...将(某人)从……开除；解雇；使退去
→ be dismissed from one's service (某人)被免职；被解雇
1. The minister was dismissed from his office in disgrace last week.
2. I could not understand why Mr.Rochester had not asked the police to arrest her，or at least dismissed her from her service.
→ dismiss fear from one's mind 消除(某人)心里的恐惧
1. She tried to dismiss fear from her mind
04
declare vt.表明; 宣称; 公布
① declare + that 从句:
The court declared that strike action was illegal.
② declare sth / sb (to be) sth:
The area has been declared a national park.
③ declare sth + adj:
The chairman declared the ceremony open; all of us present.
declare vt.表明; 宣称; 公布
→ declare war on/upon...向……宣战
1. They have now declared war on/upon drug dealers in the area.
→ declare against... 声明反对
→ declare for...声明赞成
declaration n.申报; 宣布; 公告
Depending on the context in which a member declaration occurs，only certain declared accessibilities are permitted.(declare)
The Declaration of Independence
1. The court declared that Brown’s case should be reviewed.
_______
2. Edward declared himself angry and upset. ______
3. You must declare all your income on this form. _______
4. Who’s the first man to subscribe to the Declaration of Independence ______
宣布
声称
申报
独立宣言
declare
05
calculate v.
① vt & vi 计算；核算
1. The teacher calculated the average mark of the class.
calculate + that / wh- 从句：
2. Sally calculated that she would have about $100 left.
it is calculated + that 从句：
3. It is roughly calculated that in 1997 alone, about 2.3 million people died of HIV.
calculate v.
② vt 预测；估计
calculate + that / wh- 从句：
1. I calculated that we would arrive at 6:00 pm.
2. This painting is so valuable that it is difficult to calculate what its price is.
calculation n [C] & [U] 计算
calculator n [C] 计算器
1. I’m going to calculate how much paint we need. _____
2. It is roughly calculated that at least 47,000 jobs were lost last year. ______
3. It is impossible to calculate what influence he had on her.
______
4. Dee looked at the bill and made some rapid calculations.
______
计算
据粗略计算
估计
快速计算
calculate
06
fetch vt. 拿来；取来；请来：
Run and fetch the doctor.
Fetch me my umbrella. = Fetch my umbrella for me.
fetch, bring 辨析
bring 为“拿来”“带来”，指将人或物拿到说话人所在地或即将要去的地方，强调一个方向的动作。
It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
fetch 为“去拿来”，指去取了某物或带上某人，再返回原处，强调动作的一往一返，= go and bring。
John threw a ball away and then asked his dog to fetch it for him.
07
turn out
① 制造；生产：
The factory turns out 900 cars a week.
② 原来（是）；证明（是）；结果（是）：
1. Unexpectedly the weather turned out pretty nice that day.
2. It turned out that his brother died of a heart attack.
3. The book Don Quixote turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.
turn out
③ 出席；参加 :
The factory turns out 900 cars a week.
④ 关掉；熄灭：
Remember to turn out the lights when you go to bed.
出席；参加
制造；生产；培养出
原来（是）；证明（是）；结果（是）
关掉；熄灭
08
presume v. 假设; 假定：
→ presumed adj.假定的; 推测的
→ presumption n.放肆, 傲慢; 推测
09
act v. 行动; 表现; 起作用; 扮演：
→actor/actress n.男/女演员
→ action n.行为; 行动; 活动
→ active adj.积极的; 活跃的; 主动的; 有效的
→ activity n.活动; 行动; 活跃
①position 位置
②action 行动; 行为
③invention 发明
④collection 收藏; 收藏品
⑤instruction 指示; 说明
-tion, 常构成名词, 表状态、行为、动作
10
division v.
vi & vt 划分；分割；分配；分开：
Household waste can be roughly divided into food waste, non-recyclable waste and recyclable waste.
vi & vt（被）除（尽）；把……作除数：
Ten divided by two equals five.
vt 使产生分歧：
We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than divide us.
division n.
[U] & [C] ［单数］分；分开；分配：
In groups discuss what the possible work division was between men and women.
[U] 分界线；部分；部门：the company’s sales division
[U] 除（法）：30 divided by 5 is a simple division.
[C] & [U] 分裂；分歧；差异：
Division of opinion among themselves contributed to their defeat.
1. The current division of labour between workers and management skills will change. _____________
2. He’s just been appointed as director of the publishing division.
____________
3. My father taught me how to do division when I was six. _____
4. There are deep divisions in the party over the proposal. _______
劳动分工
部门
除法
分歧
division
11
urge v. 行动; 表现; 起作用; 扮演：
→ urgentadj.紧急的, 急迫的
→ urgency n.紧急; 催促; 紧急的事
→ urgently adv.紧急地, 急迫地
urge v.
驱策；驱赶：
I urged the elephant deeper into the forest.
催促；力劝
① urge sb to do sth: They urged me to eat the strange food.
② urge + that ... (should) do sth:
He urged that we (should) take such steps. such steps.
大力推荐；极力主张
The situation is dangerous and the UN is urging caution.
urge n.
n [C] 强烈的欲望；迫切的需要
urge to do sth:
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals.uch steps.
urgent adj 急迫的；迫切的；紧急的：
I was in urgent need of money.
Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters.
1. She began urging him towards the front door. ____________
2. Police are urging anyone who saw the accident to contact them immediately. ____________
3. We urge effective action to be taken immediately. ____________
4. He could no longer resist the urge to go and see Amanda._______
驱赶
催促
主张
抑制冲动
urge
12
explode v.
vi & vt 使）爆炸 ：
explode a bomb
The firework exploded in his hand.
vi 爆发；激增：
explode with anger
Florida’s population exploded after World War Ⅱ.
explosion n .
[C] & [U] 爆炸（声）：
The explosion was caused by a burst gas pipe.
[C]（感情）爆发； 激增：
a population explosion
an explosion in oil price
→ explosive adj.爆炸性的; 爆发性的;
n.炸药; 爆炸物
1. A bomb exploded at one of London’s busiest railway stations this morning. __________________
2. The population has exploded in the last ten years. ______
3. He told a joke which made Hank explode with laughter.
——————
爆炸
激增
大笑起来
explode
①be close to...接近; 靠近
②be equal to...等于; 胜任
③be similar to...与……相似
④be harmful to...对……有害
⑤be devoted to...献身; 专注于……
“be+adj. +to”类短语集萃
13
state n. 国家; 州; 情境;
vt.规定; 声明; 陈述
→ statement n.声称; 声明; 陈述
→ overstatement n.夸大; 夸张
14
nail n.& vt.
①He drove in a nail with one stroke of the hammer.【n.钉子】
②I have tried to discourage him from biting nails.【n.指甲】
③He nailed boards together to make a box.
【vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定】
15
test out 检验；测试
→ test sb.out试用，试验，考验(某人)
My new boss gave me the most difficult clients to deal with.
I felt he was really testing me out to see if I would cope.
→ test for ...检验；对人﹙或物﹚做……检测
The software has been tested for viruses.
→ put...to the test 使……经受考验；检验；试验
Might his promise soon be put to the test
16
形式主语it
(1)It is＋过去分词(reported，believed，said，announced等)＋主语从句 (该结构可与“Sb./Sth.＋ be＋过去分词＋to do...”结构相互转换)
It is reported that the film star will come to our city.
It is said that he studied abroad，but we don't know which country he studied in.
(2)It＋不及物动词(seem，happen，turn out，appear等)＋主语从句
(3)It is＋名词词组(a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honour等)＋主语从句
It is a pity that you can't go with us to enjoy the concert.
(4)It is ＋adj.(clear，natural，obvious，possible，likely等)＋主语从句
It is natural that he changed his mind.
17
be ＋ being ＋ 形容词
句中was being sensitive为“be ＋ being ＋ 形容词”结构，强调某人在特定的某个时刻或时候的状况，而不是指这个人一直都是这样的。
The children are being quiet，I wonder what they're up to.
Not everyone thinks that the government is being particularly generous.
“be ＋ being ＋ adj.”结构用于陈述句，表示“被陈述对象一时的反常举止或行为以及说话人的惊讶、不满、责备、讽刺等情绪”。
He must be wondering why everyone is being so rude to him.
Reg is being very nice all of a sudden.What's his game
18
suggest that...建议
句中suggest表示“建议”，宾语从句谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
They suggested that we should visit a class right away.
I suggested that he rest，and sent him for an X ray.
The teacher suggested that I write him directly.
suggest还可以表示“暗示；表明”，后接宾语从句时，从句用陈述语气而不用虚拟语气。
The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.
His pale face suggested that he did be ill.
谢谢观看