2022年1月上海春季高考英语真题（扫描版含答案，无听力音频，无文字材料）
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| 名称 | 2022年1月上海春季高考英语真题（扫描版含答案，无听力音频，无文字材料） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 上教版（2020） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-01-14 19:46:24 | ||
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【春考回忆】2022 年 1 月上海春季高考英语真题（考生回忆版 & 含听力 & 翻译 & 师生作文范文）
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2022年 1月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷（回忆版）
2022年 1月春季高考--试卷结构
大题结构 答题方式 题量 计分 时间
短对话 1/4 10 10分
听力 25分 15-20分钟
篇章和长对话 1/4 10 15分
语法填空 二卷 10 10分
20分
语言
知识 选词填空 / 11选 10 10/11 10 10分
完形填空 / Cloze 1/4 15 15分
阅读 阅读单选 1/4 11 22 45分分
(8+6+8)
六选四 4/6 4 8分 100-105 分钟
读写综合 概要写作 二卷 1 10分(5+5) 10分
翻译 单句汉译英 二卷 4 15分
15分
(3+3+4+5)
写作 指导型写作 二卷 1 25分
25分
(10+10+5)
合计 76 140分 120分钟
第 1 页 共 20 页
【春考回忆】2022 年 1 月上海春季高考英语真题（考生回忆版 & 含听力 & 翻译 & 师生作文范文）
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2022年 1月春季高考语篇&考点分类汇总
题型 分值 考点分类
1. 观点/建议 6. 观点/建议
2. 观点/建议 7. 隐含语义/推断题
Section A 1分/题 3. 隐含语义/推断题 8. 隐含语义/推断题
短对话
4. 隐含语义/推断题 9. 观点/建议
5. 观点/建议 10. 观点/建议
Topic：限制饭前零食的方法【说明文--人与自我（健康）】
Section B 11. 主旨题 12. 细节题 13. 细节题
篇章题 Topic：全球树木数量危机&树木重要性【说明文--人与自然（环保）】
1.5分/题 14. 细节题 15. 推断题 16. 主旨题
Topic：Jerry进城出行安排【对话--人与社会（人际关系）】
Section B 17. 主旨题 18. 细节题
长对话 19. 细节题 20. 细节题
语法填空 北极光(Aurora Borealis)的意义和观赏 人与社会（旅游、文化）
十一选十 应用电子技术的外套 人与社会（科技）
完形填空 减糖饮料健康与否 人与自我（健康）
阅读理解 A篇 小说：贫贱夫妻很恩爱 人与自我（家庭）
客观题
语篇
阅读理解 B篇 说明书：露营注意事项 人与社会（生活实际）
议论文：经济发展和自然保护是否可以共 人与自然（环保）
阅读理解 C篇
存？ 人与社会（经济）
六选四 UK图书馆的电子书和纸质书补贴问题 人与社会（科技、热点）
新发现的记忆特点和作用，通过老鼠的实
概要写作 人与社会（科技）
验，可以修改记忆。
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【春考回忆】2022 年 1 月上海春季高考英语真题（考生回忆版 & 含听力 & 翻译 & 师生作文范文）
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试卷围绕人与社会、人与自然、人与自我三大主题，凸显思辨能力的考察。
主题语境 主题群 主题语境内容要求
1.个人、家庭、社区及学校生活；
2.健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度；
3.认识自我，丰富自我，完善自我；
人
4.乐于学习，善于学习，终身学习；
与 生活于学习
5.语言学习的规律、方法等；
自 做人与做事
6.优秀品行，正确的人生态度，公民义务与社会责任；
我
7.生命的意义与价值；
8.未来职业发展趋势。个人职业倾向、未来规划等；
9.创新与创业意识。
1.良好的人际关系与社会交往；
2.公益事业与志愿服务；
3.跨文化沟通、包容与合作；
4.小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等；
5.绘画、建筑等领域的代表性作品和人物；
社会服务与人际沟通
6.影视、音乐等领域的概况及其发展；
人 7.体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神；
文学、艺术与体育
与 8.不同民族文化习俗与传统节日；
社 9.对社会有突出贡献的人物；
历史、社会与文化
会 10.重要国际组织与社会公益机构；
11.法律常识与法治意识等；
科学与技术
12.物质与非物质文化遗产：
13.社会热点问题；
14.重大政治、历史事件，文化渊源；
15.社会进步与人类文明；
16.科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神。
11.主要国家地理概况；
自然生态 2.自然环境、自然遗产保护；
人
3.人与环境、人与动植物；
与
环境保护 4.自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护；
自
灾害防范 5.人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系；
然
宇宙探索 6.自然科学研究成果；
7.地球与宇宙奥秘探索。
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【春考回忆】2022 年 1 月上海春季高考英语真题（考生回忆版 & 含听力 & 翻译 & 师生作文范文）
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I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a
question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you
hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the
best answer to the question you have heard.
1. M: Would you like me to give you a ride【捎你一程（syn: give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车）】 to the airport. The
subway system has broken down.
W: It’s very kind of you, but there is a shuttle service【机场往返专车接送服务（shuttle：来往于两地之间的航班
（或班车、火车））】.
Q: How will the woman most probably get to the airport？
2. W: I heard you made a tour of Pearl Lake University last Sunday.
M: Yes, we arrived at 8 o’clock, and then two senior students showed us around the campus. We were deeply
impressed.
Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about？
3. W: I missed the hiking last week. I had to take my kitten to the clinic.
M: What a pity! Is she all right now
Q: What can be learned from the conversation？
4. W: Are you going back to Nantong after graduation next month
M: I think so. After I graduate, I’ll go back home and try to get a job there.
Q: What can be learned about the man
5. M: Have you got any news about the mountain climbers
W: Yes, the rescue team found them. Thank goodness, they survived the cold.
Q: How does the woman most probably feel
6. W: Do you have any idea of our future house For me, I don’t particularly care whether it has got a garden or a
garage.
M: Me, neither, I need just a little bit of space to sit out in【即：sit out in a little bit of space】 when it’s warm.
Q: What does the man mean
7. M: So you want to turn this room into a mini library
W: Yes, my son is a keen reader.
Q: What can be learned about the woman’s son
8. M: I am wondering whether I should buy this model car. I already have a very similar one.
W: I see no reason not to. You are entitled to a refund【有权获得退款】 within a week if you don’t like it.
Q: What does the woman imply
entitle / n'ta t( )l/ vt. 给…权利（或资格）；给（书、文章等）提名，给…称号
entitle sb. to (do) sth. 让某人有（做）...的权利、资格
sb. be entitled to (do) sth. 有资格、权利享受…/（做）…
e.g. The card entitles us to a discount. 用这张卡我们可以享受打折优惠。
be entitled to (receive) health insurance 有资格享受医疗保险
be entitled sth.（书、戏剧等）被命名为…
e.g. a documentary entitled… 一部名为…的纪录片
entitlement n.（拥有某物或做某事的）权利，资格（to）；*政府津贴制
e.g. affect one's entitlement to compensation 影响某人索赔的权利
a reform of entitlements 政府津贴制度的改革
9. W: You know what. The boss announced that the project we’ve been working on will be abandoned.
M: So, our 8 months’ hard work just goes down the drain【被浪费掉，化为乌有】.
Q: What does the man mean
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【春考回忆】2022 年 1 月上海春季高考英语真题（考生回忆版 & 含听力 & 翻译 & 师生作文范文）
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10. W: Sorry, dad, I’m home late.
M: We’ve all had our supper, but I’ve set aside a bite for you【给你留了点吃的】.
Q: What does the man mean
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several
questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the
questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide
which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
Can’t resist picking from the fridge or cupboard before dinner A little cheese, some biscuits and apple. It never
seems like much. Yet, by the time dinner comes around, you are full. If this is you, here are two strategies to help you
out【帮助你摆脱困境】. Think about what you are eating earlier in the day. If you are having a light lunch【清淡的午
餐】, then trying to last until dinner【一直撑到晚餐才吃饭（晚餐之前都不吃）】, you may be doing harm to yourself.
By leaving it too long between food stops【每餐之间间隔太久】, you will get too hungry and overeat at dinner.
Instead, try having a slice of toast or a piece of fruit and a cup of yoghurt at about 3:30 pm. This should keep you going
until dinner. So you can resist the pre-dinner snacking. The other strategy is that if you do have a snack before dinner,
put it on a plate. Instead of picking and paying no attention to what you are eating, arrange some food properly on a
small plate, then sit down to eat your snack. Simply by doing this, you will eat a lot less and still be ready for the main
event.
(Now listen again.)
Questions:
11. What is the speaker mainly talking about
12. What does the speaker suggest you do if you have a light lunch
13. According to the speaker, why should you put a pre-dinner snack on a plate
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
How many trees are there in the world Until now, scientists could only guess. The estimate of global tree number
is approximately 400 billion. In the tree survey project, by using satellite images and on-site counting【现场计数】 in
more than 50 countries, researchers at an American university counted more than 3,000 billion trees in the world,
roughly 7 times more than previously estimated. Among all the countries, Russia is ranked first【排第一】 in the tree
number.
But researchers also warned that the number of trees on earth has fallen by 46% since the start of civilization. Due
to demand for wood and farmland, humans cut down more than 15 billion trees each year, replanting only 5 billion. At
that rate, trees on earth will be gone in about three centuries. The projects’ goal is to draw attention to the importance of
trees and the role in reducing the gravity of climate change. The projects’ lead researcher says: “Trees store huge
amounts of carbon. They are among the most important and critical living things on earth.”
(Now listen again.)
Questions:
14. According to the survey, how many trees are there in the world
15. Which of the following is the most probable prediction based on the survey’s findings
16. What is the purpose of the project introduced in the passage
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
M: Helen, when is your brother Jerry getting into town I haven’t seen him for ages.
W: This Thursday, I will pick him up around 8:00 pm.
M: Are you going to do anything together that night
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【春考回忆】2022 年 1 月上海春季高考英语真题（考生回忆版 & 含听力 & 翻译 & 师生作文范文）
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W: No, I think he’ll be too tired and will probably just want to go to bed early.
M: That’s true. It’s a long flight from Sanya. How long is he going to stay
W: Only till Monday, then he goes to Nanjing to see our parents.
M: Do you have any special plans for Friday
W: You bet. He can relax in the apartment on Friday morning and then in the afternoon we are going to the forest park
with some friends to have a picnic.
M: And then in the evening
W: I have booked a table in De Mingos, that Mexican restaurant. Do you know it
M: Yeah, one of the waiters, I know, told me it is extremely difficult to book a table there.
W: Not if you call them early enough, say, a month earlier.
M: What about Saturday
W: In the morning we are going to Shanghai Museum. They’ve got an exhibition Jerry will be interested in. After lunch,
we’ll be doing some shopping.
M: So I’m meeting you guys on Saturday evening at 8 o’clock.
W: Oh, yes. The party is at Claire’s e round here just before eight, and we can take a taxi over to Claire’s【打
的去克莱尔家】 together.
M: All right.
(Now listen again.)
Questions:
17. What are the two speakers mainly talking about
18. What can be learned about Jerry
19. Why was the woman able to reserve a table in De Mingos
20. What will Jerry most probably be doing on Friday afternoon
(That’s the end of listening comprehension.)
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【春考回忆】2022 年 1 月上海春季高考英语真题（考生回忆版 & 含听力 & 翻译 & 师生作文范文）
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II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.
For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one
word that best fits each blank.
语法填空 北极光(Aurora Borealis)的意义和观赏 人与社会（旅游、文化）
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be
used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
十一选十 应用电子技术的外套 人与社会（科技）
选项词：
A. characteristics B. diverse C. employ D. function E. issue F. integration
G. hit H. military I. potential J. schemes K. wearers
【注：diverse interation 为 2022年考纲新增词汇】
characteristic /k r kt 'r st k/ n. 特征，特性，特色 adj. 特有的
be characteristic of 特有的
【syn: be distinctive / characteristic / typical of; be unique / specific / peculiar to; be characterized by】
e.g. It is a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things. 不做绝望之事,却正是智慧的一种特性。
character /'k r kt / n. [C]人物，角色；（人的）性格[sing.]；*（印刷或计算机等上的）字体，符号
[U]（事物的）性质，特性；（人的）（人的）品质
be in / out of character 符合 / 不符合某人的性格
e.g. Her behaviour last night was completely out of character.
be in character (with sth.) = in the same style as sth.（与…）风格相同
amajor/minor character in the book 书中的主要/次要人物
cartoon characters 动画片中的角色 suspicious character 可疑人物
to have a strong / weak character 个性强 / 不强
*the Chinese character for horse 汉字中的“马”
the delicate character of the light in the evening 夜间灯火所具有的那种柔和的特点
the unspoilt character of the coast 海滨未遭破坏的景致
a woman of great character 一位品格高尚的妇人
characterize / k rikt raiz/ v.以…为特征（by）[常被动]；描述为（as）(X4U3)
be characterized by 具有…的特性，以…为特征
e.g. This election campaign has been characterized by violence. 这次竞选运动以暴力为特征。
characterize sth. as… 认为…是…的
e.g. Both companies have characterized the relationship as friendly.两家公司都认为彼此的关系是友好的。
employ vt. 雇用；使用，利用（常被动）
employ a method 运用了一种方法
employ sb. (as...) 把雇佣某人（为…）
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employ sb. to do 雇用某人做
employ oneself in 忙于；把时间花在…上
be employed in (doing) sth. 从事于，忙于（做某事）
e.g. She was employed in making a list of all the jobs to be done. 她忙着把要做的所有工作列一个清单。
go self-employed 从事个体职业 [self-employment n.]
a self-employed businessman 从事个体经营的生意人
unemployed a. 失业的；待业的；下岗的 [unemployment n.]
employee n. 雇员
employer n. 雇主；雇用者
employment n. 雇用；受雇
integrate vt. 使...完整，使...成整体；（使）加入，融入群体
integrate (sth./sb.) into/with sth.
Colourful illustrations are integrated into the text.课文里配有很多彩色插图。
We're looking for people who can integrate with a team.我们在寻求能融入团队的人员。
integration n.整合，一体化；（不同肤色、种族、宗教信仰等的人的）混合，融合(X4U2)
the integration of art and/with technology 艺术与科技的结合
the integration of women into the military 女性的参军
racial/social integration 种族/社会融合
scheme /ski m/ n. 计划；方案；阴谋；诡计 vi. 拟定计划；搞阴谋
syn:
[noun]
1 = plan, programme, project, proposal, strategy, system, tactics
2 = diagram, blueprint, chart, draft, layout, outline, pattern
3 = plot, conspiracy, intrigue, manoeuvre, ploy, ruse, stratagem, subterfuge
[verb]
4 = plan, lay plans, project, work out
5 = plot, collude, conspire, intrigue, machinate, manoeuvre
the/sb.'s scheme of things 一般的格局；事物的一般规律，心中的安排
My personal problems are not really important in the overall scheme of things.
从全局来看，我个人的问题并非十分重要。
I don't think marriage figures in his scheme of things. 我想，婚姻在他的心目中是无足轻重的。
schemer n. 搞阴谋的人；施诡计的人
schematize vt. 【术语】使系统化；使图式化（~ sth.）
schematized data 图式化的资料
scheming adj. 惯搞阴谋的；诡计多端的；狡诈的；腹黑的
syn: [adjective]
calculating, artful, conniving, cunning, sly, tricky, underhand, wily
schematic adj. 概要的，简略的
a schematic diagram of DNA —— DNA结构简图
wear /we / vt. 穿着，戴着；*蓄，留（发、须等）；流露，呈现（某种神态）；穿破；磨损 vi. 穿破；磨损；耐
用；耐穿
*She wears her hair long. 她梳着长发。
He wore a puzzled look on his face. 他脸上流露出迷惑不解的神情。
I've worn holes in all my socks. 我把我所有的袜子都穿破了。
The sheets have worn thin. 床单已经磨薄了。
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*wear your heart on your sleeve 让感情外露；把心事挂在脸上
That carpet is wearing well, isn't it 这地毯很耐用，是不是？
wear away（因重复使用或磨擦而）变薄，变光滑；磨薄；磨光；流逝
The letters on the coin had worn away. 铸在这枚硬币上的文字已磨平了。
wear down | wear sth down（因重复使用或磨擦而）变小，变光滑；磨短
Notice how the tread on this tyre has worn down. 注意这个轮胎的花纹磨损的程度。
wear sb/sth down（尤指通过不断攻击或施加压力）使衰弱，使意志薄弱
Her persistence paid off and she eventually wore me down. 她锲而不舍取得成功，终于使我服输了。
wear off 逐渐消失；消逝；逐渐停止
The effects of the drug will soon wear off. 这麻醉药品的作用将很快消失。
wear out | wear sth out（因使用过度而）磨薄；穿破；磨损；用坏
He wore out two pairs of shoes last year. 去年他穿坏了两双鞋。
wear yourself / sb. out 使疲乏；使筋疲力尽；使厌烦
The kids have totally worn me out. 孩子们简直把我烦透了。
worn-out a.（因工作卖力）精疲力竭的【syn: exhausted】；破旧的，不能再用的
You must be absolutely worn out. 你一定累坏了。
a pair of old worn-out walking boots 一双穿破了的旧步行靴
wearable a. 可穿用的，可佩带的；耐用的
wearer n. 穿戴者；佩戴人；常穿戴…的人
The straps can be adjusted to suit the wearer. 这些背带可进行调整以适合使用者。
contact lens wearers 戴隐形眼镜的人
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III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each
blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
完形填空 减糖饮料健康与否 人与自我（健康）
Sugar-free and 'diet' drinks no better for healthy weight than full sugar drinks
by Caroline Brogan
03 January 2017
Sugar-free and 'diet' drinks are often seen as the healthier option - but researchers at Imperial have argued
that they do not promote healthy weight.
In a commentary on current research and policy into sweetened drinks, academics from Imperial College
London and two Brazilian universities (University of Sao Paulo and Federal University of Pelotas) argued
that sugar-free versions of drinks may be no better for weight loss or preventing weight gain than their
full sugar counterparts, and may also be detrimental to the environment.
“A common perception, which may be influenced by industry marketing, is that because ‘diet’ drinks have
no sugar, they must be healthier and aid weight loss when used as a substitute for full sugar versions.”
– Prof Christopher Millett
School of Public Health
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Artificially-sweetened beverages (ASBs) are alternatives to full-sugared drinks. They contain no sugar
and are sweetened with artificial sweeteners instead. ASBs are often known as 'diet' versions of soft
drinks, and may be perceived by consumers as the healthier option for those who want to lose weight or
reduce their sugar intake. However, there is no solid evidence to support the claims that they are any
better for health or prevent obesity and obesity related diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
Professor Christopher Millett, senior investigator from Imperial’s School of Public Health, said “A
common perception, which may be influenced by industry marketing, is that because ‘diet’ drinks have no
sugar, they must be healthier and aid weight loss when used as a substitute for full sugar versions.
However we found no solid evidence to support this.”
May contribute to obesity and type 2 diabetes
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) such as soft drinks, fruit-flavoured drinks, and sports drinks, make up
a third of UK teenagers’ sugar intake, and nearly half of all sugar intake in the US. SSBs provide many
calories but very few essential nutrients, and their consumption is a major cause of increasing rates of
obesity and type 2 diabetes.
ASBs currently comprise a quarter of the global sweetened beverages market, but they are not taxed or
regulated to the same extent as SSBs - perhaps due to their perceived harmlessness, say the researchers.
Despite having no or very little energy content, there is a concern that ASBs might trigger compensatory
food intake by stimulating sweet taste receptors. This, together with the consumers’ awareness of the
low-calorie content of ASBs, may result in overconsumption of other foods, thus contributing to obesity,
type 2 diabetes and other obesity-related health problems.
Negative consequences for the environment
In the report, Professor Millett and colleagues outlined current evidence of the health effects of
consuming ASBs. Although there was no direct evidence for a role of ASBs in weight gain, they found
that there was no evidence that ASBs aid weight loss or prevent weight gain compared with the full sugar
versions.
“Far from helping to solve the global obesity crisis, ASBs may be contributing to the problem and should
not be promoted as part of a healthy diet.”
– Study authors
In addition, the production of ASBs has negative consequences for the environment, with up to 300 litres
of water required to produce a 0.5 L plastic bottle of carbonated soft drink.
Dr Maria Carolina Borges, first author of the study from the Federal University of Pelotas, added: “The
lack of solid evidence on the health effects of ASBs and the potential influence of bias from industry
funded studies should be taken seriously when discussing whether ASBs are adequate alternatives to
SSBs.”
Professor Carlos Monteiro, co-author from the University of Sao Paulo, said: “Taxes and regulation on
SBS and not ASBs will ultimately promote the consumption of diet drinks rather than plain water - the
desirable source of hydration for everyone.”
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The authors added: “Far from helping to solve the global obesity crisis, ASBs may be contributing to the
problem and should not be promoted as part of a healthy diet.”
“Artificially Sweetened Beverages and the Response to the Global Obesity Crisis” by Maria Carolina
Borges, Maria Laura Louzada, Thiago Hérick de Sá, Anthony A. Laverty, Diana C. Parra, Josefa Maria
Fellegger Garzillo, Carlos Augusto Monteiro, Christopher Millett, published in PLOS Medicine 3 January
2017
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Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.
For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information
given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
阅读理解 A篇 小说：贫贱夫妻很恩爱 人与自我（家庭）
(B)
阅读理解 B篇 说明书：露营注意事项 人与社会（生活实际）
(C)
议论文：经济发展和自然保护是否可以共 人与自然（环保）
阅读理解 C篇
存？ 人与社会（经济）
Can Humans and Nature Coexist
Conservationists go to war over whether humans are the measure of nature's value
-- By Gayathri Vaidyanathan, ClimateWire on November 10.2014
And they support “re-wilding,” a concept originally proposed by Soule where people curtail economic growth and
withdraw from landscapes, which then return to nature.
New Conservationists believe the withdrawal could happen together with economic growth. The California-based
Breakthrough Institute believes in a future where most people live in cities and rely less on natural resources for
economic growth.
They would get food from industrial agriculture, including genetically modified foods, desalination, intensified meat
production and aquaculture, all of which have a smaller land footprint. And they would get their energy from renewables
and natural gas.
Driving these profound shifts would be greater efficiency of production, where more products could be manufactured
from fewer inputs. And some unsustainable commodities would be replaced in the market by other, greener
ones—natural gas for coal, for instance, explained Michael Shellenberger, president of the Breakthrough Institute. Nature
would, in essence, be decoupled from the economy.
And then he added a caveat: “We are not suggesting decoupling as the paradigm to save the world, or that it solves all the
problems or eliminates all the trade-offs.”
Cynics may say all this sounds too utopian, but Breakthrough maintains the world is already on this path toward
decoupling. Nowhere is this more evident than in the United States, according to Iddo Wemick, a research scholar at the
Rockefeller University, who has examined the nation's use of 100 main commodities.
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Wemick and his colleagues pored over data from the U.S. Geological Survey National Minerals Information Center,
which keeps a record of commodities used from 1900 through the present day.
They found that the use of 36 commodities (sand, ire ore, cotton, etc.) in the U.S. economy had peaked.
Another 53 commodities (nitrogen, timber, beef, etc.) are being used more efficiently per dollar value of gross domestic
product than in the pre-1970s era. Their use would peak soon, Wemick said.
Only 11 commodities (industrial diamond, indium, chicken, etc.) are increasing in use (Greenwire, Nov. 6), and most of
these are employed by industries in small quantities to improve systems processes. Chicken use is rising because people
are eating less beeg a desirable development since poultry cultivation has a smaller environmental footprint.
The numbers show the United States has not intensified resource consumption since the 1970s even while increasing its
GDP and population, said Jesse Ausubel of the Rockefeller University.
Section C
Directions：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be
used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
六选四 UK图书馆的电子书和纸质书补贴问题 人与社会（科技、热点）
Guest Post: Should Writers be Paid for their eBooks Lent by Libraries
21 December, 2016Library eBooks5 Comments
Editor’s Note: The following post concerns a topic which might be unfamiliar to US readers: Public Lending Rights.
This is a program where libraries pay authors and publishers each time one of their books are borrowed by a
patron. The US is one of the few English-speaking countries which does not have PLR, but it is common in Europe and
in Great Britain’s former colonies.
When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the
Lending Rights schemes, but this is not the case when libraries lend e-books. Is this fair
This year, the government has distributed almost A$22 million under these Public Lending Rights and Educational
Lending Rights Schemes. For each book in public library collections, creators receive $2.11 and publishers receive
$0.52.
The amount that each claimant receives is often not very significant, with the majority of authors receiving between
$100-500 annually. Still, a previous study has revealed that this remuneration constitutes the second most important
source of income for creators from their creative work.
E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes. This may not be a big issue at the moment, since
only 3.5% of library holdings are e-books and most publishers still release books both in print and e-book formats.
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But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely
to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published titles are done so in digital format only.
Such self-published titles, if lent by libraries, would not qualify for any remuneration.
For this reason, authors and publishers have been lobbying the Government to extend the Lending Rights Schemes to
e-books. Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013, nothing has
happened of yet.
One of the main reasons why e-books are not covered is that e-book lending is quite different from print book lending. In
case of print books, authors and publishers are arguably losing on customers and revenues when libraries loan their
books for free.
At present, in the case of e-books, many publishers chose not to sell these
books to libraries. Also, publishers assume that libraries will lend e-books to
many readers so they often charge libraries three or more times the price that
consumers are paying for the same e-books.
While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain
that these amounts do not reach them. Publishing contracts often don’t
specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for
e-lending.
原文出处：https://the-digital-/2016/12/21/guest-post-writers-paid-ebooks-lent-libraries/
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the mail point(s) of the passage in no more than
60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
新发现的记忆特点和作用，通过老鼠的实
概要写作 人与社会（科技）
验，可以修改记忆。
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V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
Possible Versions
72. 他已经几十年没见过如此壮美的日出了。(since)
It is / It has been decades since he saw such a magnificent sunrise / so magnificent a sunshine.
or：Decades has passed since he last witnessed the imposing / glorious / splendid / impressive / spectacular sunrise.
or：He hasn't seen such a magnificent sunrise in decades / since decades ago.
73. 小张昨天在田里播下种子，期待来年的丰收。(sow)
Xiao Zhang sowed the seeds in the field yesterday, expecting a good harvest next year.
or：Xiao Zhang sowed the seeds in the field yesterday, looking forward to a good harvest in the coming year.
or：Xiao Zhang sowed in the field yesterday, in (the) hope of having a good harvest for the coming year.
74. 鉴于不熟悉用手机打车的老人不在少数，这家公司提供了一系列服务来满足他们的需求。(a few)
Given (the fact) that / In consideration of the fact that / In (the) light of the fact that / In view of the fact that /
Considering (that) quite a few elderly people / senior citizens are unfamiliar with / are not familiar with / are not skilled
in taking a taxi with mobile phone / using mobile phone to take a taxi, this company offers / provides / presents /
furnishes / affords / supplies a series of / a range of / *an array of services to respond to / *cater to / meet / satisfy / serve
/ answer / address their needs / demands.
75. 正是因为贯彻了“顾客为本”的理念，那家落寞已久的社区商场才得以重回大众视线。(it)
It was because of the implementation of the “customer-oriented / customer-based / customer-first” principle /
philosophy that this long-failing / almost-deserted / dead-silent / lifeless community shopping mall returned to public’s
attention / regained public’s attention / came back to the sight (or：view) of the public.
or：It was because the “customer-oriented” principle / philosophy was implemented that this community shopping mall
failing / that had been failing for a long time regained public's attention.
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VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，入冬以来，你校组织全校师生每周一至周五晨跑时间为 7:30-7:50，休息 5
分钟后上第一节课。但有同学反映，晨跑后身体不适，因此学校委托学生会征询大家对晨跑的意见。请你给学生
会写一封邮件，内容必须包括：
（1）你认为该晨跑安排中存在的问题；
（2）你的改进建议及理由。
Dear Student Union,
It has been few weeks since the school asked all the students and teachers to jog from 7:30 to 7:50 every Monday to
Friday morning. Without doubt, this proposal can benefit us physically and mentally; however, there are also some
students voicing difficulties they have experienced after running.【交代背景】 Therefore, I am writing this letter to
identify some problems in the jogging program and put forward some suggestions and reasons for improvement【. 写信目
的】
As for the problems of this jogging plan, the biggest one may lie in the short break between jogging and the first
class.【问题 1】 It is advisable to give body a rest after having breakfast, so doing strenuous activity such as jogging
immediately after the breakfast might cause some students to feel physically unwell. 【问题 2】
For that reason, I firmly believe that some adjustments should be made by extending the break time【. 原因措施过渡
句】 After 20 minutes jogging, undoubtedly students feel fatigued which might make them lethargic and unable to
concentrate on their studies. If students are given sufficient time to recover from jogging, it is more likely that they can
fully focus on their learning in their first class.【建议/原因 1】 In addition, it would also be more reasonable to schedule
the jogging before breakfast. By doing so, it improves their appetite and they would also be able to have their breakfast
at a slower pace. 【建议/原因 2】
With all these above-mentioned reasons, I strongly recommend that the school insist on adjusting the current
jogging plan and make some improvements to make it convenient for students and teachers.【重申观点】 I would
appreciate it if my suggestions could be adopted.【书信结尾套话】
Yours,
Li Ming
Writing tips:
逻辑清晰，长短句错落有致，才是英文写作的灵魂
切记长难句，高级词汇堆积，“明目张胆” 地 Chinglish，废话文学 NOWAY
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原文：
Dear Students’ Union,
Hearing that our school organizes all teachers and students to run in the morning every Monday to Friday. Morning
running does can build our body and keep fit, but a tricky issue that some students feel physically sick after morning
running has arisen. Thus, I would like to write this letter to point out some defects and put forward my suggestions.
With regard to the morning running initiative, the greatest problem may be the unreasonable schedule. On one hand,
it is obvious that the running time is too close to the first class and students may be exhausted so that their study
efficiency can’t be guaranteed. On the other hand, running time is also close to breakfast time which can absolutely
cause stomach problems. Meanwhile, some scientific researches have pointed out that vigorous exercise is not suitable in
the morning.
When it comes to the solutions, I consider opinions vary from person to person. From my perspective, I firmly
support that we can try to arrange the morning running after the third class which can leave time for students to adapt to
exercise condition. What’s more, school ought to require students to do warming-up exercises before morning running,
which are bound to leave physical problems behind.
As I have stated above, I strongly reckon that school should lay emphasis on physical education. To be frank, it
can’t be denied that morning running is a beneficial exercise, we also need to take note of ways and means. Therefore, I
really hope my suggestions can be adopted and so willing am I to see the initiative can be put into practice. (275 words)
Yours,
Li Ming
修改：
Dear Students’ Union,
Hearing that our school organizes all teachers and students to run in the morning every Monday to Friday. Morning
running does can build our body and keep us fit, but what is tricky is that some students feel physically sick after
morning the running has arisen. Thus, I would like to write this letter to point out some defects and put forward my
suggestions.
With regard to the morning running initiative, the greatest problem may be its unreasonable schedule. On the one
hand, it is obvious that the running time is right in the middle of breakfast and the first class, which may cause stomach
pains and affect students' study efficiency too close to the first class, and students may be exhausted so that their study
efficiency can’t be guaranteed. On the other hand, the running time is also close to breakfast time which can absolutely
cause stomach problems. Meanwhile, some scientific researches have pointed out that vigorous exercise is not suitable in
the morning.
When it comes to the solutions, I consider that opinions vary from person to person. From my perspective, I firmly
support that we can try to rearrange the morning running and set it after the third class, which can leave time for students
to adapt to the exercise condition. , Meanwhile, students may be exhausted after hours of learning, therefore, a
spirits-lifting exercise like jogging is just what they need at this moment. What’s more, school ought to require students
to do warming-up exercises before morning running, which are bound to leave physical problems behind.
As I have stated above, I strongly reckon that school should lay emphasis on physical education. To be frank, it
can’t be denied that morning running is a beneficial exercise, we also need to take note of ways and means. Therefore, I
really hope my suggestions can be adopted and so willing am I to see the initiative can be put into practice. (275 words)
Yours,
Li Ming
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成形：
Dear Students’ Union,
Hearing that our school organizes all teachers and students to run in the morning every Monday to Friday. But what
is tricky is that some students feel physically sick after the running. Thus, I would like to point out some defects and put
forward my suggestions.
With regard to the morning running initiative, the greatest problem may be its unreasonable schedule. On the one
hand, it is obvious that the running time is so tightly squeezed in the middle of breakfast and the first class, which may
cause stomach pains and affect students' study efficiency as well. On the other hand, some scientific researches have
pointed out that vigorous exercise is not suitable in the morning.
When it comes to the solutions, I propose that we can try to rearrange the morning running schedule and set it after
the third class, which can leave time for students to adapt to the exercise. Meanwhile, students may be exhausted after
hours of learning, therefore, a spirits-lifting exercise like jogging is just what they need at this moment. Alternatively, we
may just as well try another schedule, say, the time after all afternoon's courses, but school should furnish them with
some snacks of course. After all, few students would resist the temptation to enjoy some snacks to refill their exhausted
body, which in turn serve as incentives and fuel for them to carry on with the jogging.
As are stated above, I hold that emphasis on physical education can never be too much. As long as we keep science
in mind and take some flexible and humane approaches, each party will be on our side, and I would really appreciate it if
you could take my suggestions. (284 words)
Yours,
Li Ming
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2022年 1月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷（回忆版）
2022年 1月春季高考--试卷结构
大题结构 答题方式 题量 计分 时间
短对话 1/4 10 10分
听力 25分 15-20分钟
篇章和长对话 1/4 10 15分
语法填空 二卷 10 10分
20分
语言
知识 选词填空 / 11选 10 10/11 10 10分
完形填空 / Cloze 1/4 15 15分
阅读 阅读单选 1/4 11 22 45分分
(8+6+8)
六选四 4/6 4 8分 100-105 分钟
读写综合 概要写作 二卷 1 10分(5+5) 10分
翻译 单句汉译英 二卷 4 15分
15分
(3+3+4+5)
写作 指导型写作 二卷 1 25分
25分
(10+10+5)
合计 76 140分 120分钟
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2022年 1月春季高考语篇&考点分类汇总
题型 分值 考点分类
1. 观点/建议 6. 观点/建议
2. 观点/建议 7. 隐含语义/推断题
Section A 1分/题 3. 隐含语义/推断题 8. 隐含语义/推断题
短对话
4. 隐含语义/推断题 9. 观点/建议
5. 观点/建议 10. 观点/建议
Topic：限制饭前零食的方法【说明文--人与自我（健康）】
Section B 11. 主旨题 12. 细节题 13. 细节题
篇章题 Topic：全球树木数量危机&树木重要性【说明文--人与自然（环保）】
1.5分/题 14. 细节题 15. 推断题 16. 主旨题
Topic：Jerry进城出行安排【对话--人与社会（人际关系）】
Section B 17. 主旨题 18. 细节题
长对话 19. 细节题 20. 细节题
语法填空 北极光(Aurora Borealis)的意义和观赏 人与社会（旅游、文化）
十一选十 应用电子技术的外套 人与社会（科技）
完形填空 减糖饮料健康与否 人与自我（健康）
阅读理解 A篇 小说：贫贱夫妻很恩爱 人与自我（家庭）
客观题
语篇
阅读理解 B篇 说明书：露营注意事项 人与社会（生活实际）
议论文：经济发展和自然保护是否可以共 人与自然（环保）
阅读理解 C篇
存？ 人与社会（经济）
六选四 UK图书馆的电子书和纸质书补贴问题 人与社会（科技、热点）
新发现的记忆特点和作用，通过老鼠的实
概要写作 人与社会（科技）
验，可以修改记忆。
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试卷围绕人与社会、人与自然、人与自我三大主题，凸显思辨能力的考察。
主题语境 主题群 主题语境内容要求
1.个人、家庭、社区及学校生活；
2.健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度；
3.认识自我，丰富自我，完善自我；
人
4.乐于学习，善于学习，终身学习；
与 生活于学习
5.语言学习的规律、方法等；
自 做人与做事
6.优秀品行，正确的人生态度，公民义务与社会责任；
我
7.生命的意义与价值；
8.未来职业发展趋势。个人职业倾向、未来规划等；
9.创新与创业意识。
1.良好的人际关系与社会交往；
2.公益事业与志愿服务；
3.跨文化沟通、包容与合作；
4.小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等；
5.绘画、建筑等领域的代表性作品和人物；
社会服务与人际沟通
6.影视、音乐等领域的概况及其发展；
人 7.体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神；
文学、艺术与体育
与 8.不同民族文化习俗与传统节日；
社 9.对社会有突出贡献的人物；
历史、社会与文化
会 10.重要国际组织与社会公益机构；
11.法律常识与法治意识等；
科学与技术
12.物质与非物质文化遗产：
13.社会热点问题；
14.重大政治、历史事件，文化渊源；
15.社会进步与人类文明；
16.科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神。
11.主要国家地理概况；
自然生态 2.自然环境、自然遗产保护；
人
3.人与环境、人与动植物；
与
环境保护 4.自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护；
自
灾害防范 5.人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系；
然
宇宙探索 6.自然科学研究成果；
7.地球与宇宙奥秘探索。
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I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a
question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you
hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the
best answer to the question you have heard.
1. M: Would you like me to give you a ride【捎你一程（syn: give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车）】 to the airport. The
subway system has broken down.
W: It’s very kind of you, but there is a shuttle service【机场往返专车接送服务（shuttle：来往于两地之间的航班
（或班车、火车））】.
Q: How will the woman most probably get to the airport？
2. W: I heard you made a tour of Pearl Lake University last Sunday.
M: Yes, we arrived at 8 o’clock, and then two senior students showed us around the campus. We were deeply
impressed.
Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about？
3. W: I missed the hiking last week. I had to take my kitten to the clinic.
M: What a pity! Is she all right now
Q: What can be learned from the conversation？
4. W: Are you going back to Nantong after graduation next month
M: I think so. After I graduate, I’ll go back home and try to get a job there.
Q: What can be learned about the man
5. M: Have you got any news about the mountain climbers
W: Yes, the rescue team found them. Thank goodness, they survived the cold.
Q: How does the woman most probably feel
6. W: Do you have any idea of our future house For me, I don’t particularly care whether it has got a garden or a
garage.
M: Me, neither, I need just a little bit of space to sit out in【即：sit out in a little bit of space】 when it’s warm.
Q: What does the man mean
7. M: So you want to turn this room into a mini library
W: Yes, my son is a keen reader.
Q: What can be learned about the woman’s son
8. M: I am wondering whether I should buy this model car. I already have a very similar one.
W: I see no reason not to. You are entitled to a refund【有权获得退款】 within a week if you don’t like it.
Q: What does the woman imply
entitle / n'ta t( )l/ vt. 给…权利（或资格）；给（书、文章等）提名，给…称号
entitle sb. to (do) sth. 让某人有（做）...的权利、资格
sb. be entitled to (do) sth. 有资格、权利享受…/（做）…
e.g. The card entitles us to a discount. 用这张卡我们可以享受打折优惠。
be entitled to (receive) health insurance 有资格享受医疗保险
be entitled sth.（书、戏剧等）被命名为…
e.g. a documentary entitled… 一部名为…的纪录片
entitlement n.（拥有某物或做某事的）权利，资格（to）；*政府津贴制
e.g. affect one's entitlement to compensation 影响某人索赔的权利
a reform of entitlements 政府津贴制度的改革
9. W: You know what. The boss announced that the project we’ve been working on will be abandoned.
M: So, our 8 months’ hard work just goes down the drain【被浪费掉，化为乌有】.
Q: What does the man mean
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10. W: Sorry, dad, I’m home late.
M: We’ve all had our supper, but I’ve set aside a bite for you【给你留了点吃的】.
Q: What does the man mean
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several
questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the
questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide
which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
Can’t resist picking from the fridge or cupboard before dinner A little cheese, some biscuits and apple. It never
seems like much. Yet, by the time dinner comes around, you are full. If this is you, here are two strategies to help you
out【帮助你摆脱困境】. Think about what you are eating earlier in the day. If you are having a light lunch【清淡的午
餐】, then trying to last until dinner【一直撑到晚餐才吃饭（晚餐之前都不吃）】, you may be doing harm to yourself.
By leaving it too long between food stops【每餐之间间隔太久】, you will get too hungry and overeat at dinner.
Instead, try having a slice of toast or a piece of fruit and a cup of yoghurt at about 3:30 pm. This should keep you going
until dinner. So you can resist the pre-dinner snacking. The other strategy is that if you do have a snack before dinner,
put it on a plate. Instead of picking and paying no attention to what you are eating, arrange some food properly on a
small plate, then sit down to eat your snack. Simply by doing this, you will eat a lot less and still be ready for the main
event.
(Now listen again.)
Questions:
11. What is the speaker mainly talking about
12. What does the speaker suggest you do if you have a light lunch
13. According to the speaker, why should you put a pre-dinner snack on a plate
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
How many trees are there in the world Until now, scientists could only guess. The estimate of global tree number
is approximately 400 billion. In the tree survey project, by using satellite images and on-site counting【现场计数】 in
more than 50 countries, researchers at an American university counted more than 3,000 billion trees in the world,
roughly 7 times more than previously estimated. Among all the countries, Russia is ranked first【排第一】 in the tree
number.
But researchers also warned that the number of trees on earth has fallen by 46% since the start of civilization. Due
to demand for wood and farmland, humans cut down more than 15 billion trees each year, replanting only 5 billion. At
that rate, trees on earth will be gone in about three centuries. The projects’ goal is to draw attention to the importance of
trees and the role in reducing the gravity of climate change. The projects’ lead researcher says: “Trees store huge
amounts of carbon. They are among the most important and critical living things on earth.”
(Now listen again.)
Questions:
14. According to the survey, how many trees are there in the world
15. Which of the following is the most probable prediction based on the survey’s findings
16. What is the purpose of the project introduced in the passage
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
M: Helen, when is your brother Jerry getting into town I haven’t seen him for ages.
W: This Thursday, I will pick him up around 8:00 pm.
M: Are you going to do anything together that night
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W: No, I think he’ll be too tired and will probably just want to go to bed early.
M: That’s true. It’s a long flight from Sanya. How long is he going to stay
W: Only till Monday, then he goes to Nanjing to see our parents.
M: Do you have any special plans for Friday
W: You bet. He can relax in the apartment on Friday morning and then in the afternoon we are going to the forest park
with some friends to have a picnic.
M: And then in the evening
W: I have booked a table in De Mingos, that Mexican restaurant. Do you know it
M: Yeah, one of the waiters, I know, told me it is extremely difficult to book a table there.
W: Not if you call them early enough, say, a month earlier.
M: What about Saturday
W: In the morning we are going to Shanghai Museum. They’ve got an exhibition Jerry will be interested in. After lunch,
we’ll be doing some shopping.
M: So I’m meeting you guys on Saturday evening at 8 o’clock.
W: Oh, yes. The party is at Claire’s e round here just before eight, and we can take a taxi over to Claire’s【打
的去克莱尔家】 together.
M: All right.
(Now listen again.)
Questions:
17. What are the two speakers mainly talking about
18. What can be learned about Jerry
19. Why was the woman able to reserve a table in De Mingos
20. What will Jerry most probably be doing on Friday afternoon
(That’s the end of listening comprehension.)
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II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.
For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one
word that best fits each blank.
语法填空 北极光(Aurora Borealis)的意义和观赏 人与社会（旅游、文化）
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be
used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
十一选十 应用电子技术的外套 人与社会（科技）
选项词：
A. characteristics B. diverse C. employ D. function E. issue F. integration
G. hit H. military I. potential J. schemes K. wearers
【注：diverse interation 为 2022年考纲新增词汇】
characteristic /k r kt 'r st k/ n. 特征，特性，特色 adj. 特有的
be characteristic of 特有的
【syn: be distinctive / characteristic / typical of; be unique / specific / peculiar to; be characterized by】
e.g. It is a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things. 不做绝望之事,却正是智慧的一种特性。
character /'k r kt / n. [C]人物，角色；（人的）性格[sing.]；*（印刷或计算机等上的）字体，符号
[U]（事物的）性质，特性；（人的）（人的）品质
be in / out of character 符合 / 不符合某人的性格
e.g. Her behaviour last night was completely out of character.
be in character (with sth.) = in the same style as sth.（与…）风格相同
amajor/minor character in the book 书中的主要/次要人物
cartoon characters 动画片中的角色 suspicious character 可疑人物
to have a strong / weak character 个性强 / 不强
*the Chinese character for horse 汉字中的“马”
the delicate character of the light in the evening 夜间灯火所具有的那种柔和的特点
the unspoilt character of the coast 海滨未遭破坏的景致
a woman of great character 一位品格高尚的妇人
characterize / k rikt raiz/ v.以…为特征（by）[常被动]；描述为（as）(X4U3)
be characterized by 具有…的特性，以…为特征
e.g. This election campaign has been characterized by violence. 这次竞选运动以暴力为特征。
characterize sth. as… 认为…是…的
e.g. Both companies have characterized the relationship as friendly.两家公司都认为彼此的关系是友好的。
employ vt. 雇用；使用，利用（常被动）
employ a method 运用了一种方法
employ sb. (as...) 把雇佣某人（为…）
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employ sb. to do 雇用某人做
employ oneself in 忙于；把时间花在…上
be employed in (doing) sth. 从事于，忙于（做某事）
e.g. She was employed in making a list of all the jobs to be done. 她忙着把要做的所有工作列一个清单。
go self-employed 从事个体职业 [self-employment n.]
a self-employed businessman 从事个体经营的生意人
unemployed a. 失业的；待业的；下岗的 [unemployment n.]
employee n. 雇员
employer n. 雇主；雇用者
employment n. 雇用；受雇
integrate vt. 使...完整，使...成整体；（使）加入，融入群体
integrate (sth./sb.) into/with sth.
Colourful illustrations are integrated into the text.课文里配有很多彩色插图。
We're looking for people who can integrate with a team.我们在寻求能融入团队的人员。
integration n.整合，一体化；（不同肤色、种族、宗教信仰等的人的）混合，融合(X4U2)
the integration of art and/with technology 艺术与科技的结合
the integration of women into the military 女性的参军
racial/social integration 种族/社会融合
scheme /ski m/ n. 计划；方案；阴谋；诡计 vi. 拟定计划；搞阴谋
syn:
[noun]
1 = plan, programme, project, proposal, strategy, system, tactics
2 = diagram, blueprint, chart, draft, layout, outline, pattern
3 = plot, conspiracy, intrigue, manoeuvre, ploy, ruse, stratagem, subterfuge
[verb]
4 = plan, lay plans, project, work out
5 = plot, collude, conspire, intrigue, machinate, manoeuvre
the/sb.'s scheme of things 一般的格局；事物的一般规律，心中的安排
My personal problems are not really important in the overall scheme of things.
从全局来看，我个人的问题并非十分重要。
I don't think marriage figures in his scheme of things. 我想，婚姻在他的心目中是无足轻重的。
schemer n. 搞阴谋的人；施诡计的人
schematize vt. 【术语】使系统化；使图式化（~ sth.）
schematized data 图式化的资料
scheming adj. 惯搞阴谋的；诡计多端的；狡诈的；腹黑的
syn: [adjective]
calculating, artful, conniving, cunning, sly, tricky, underhand, wily
schematic adj. 概要的，简略的
a schematic diagram of DNA —— DNA结构简图
wear /we / vt. 穿着，戴着；*蓄，留（发、须等）；流露，呈现（某种神态）；穿破；磨损 vi. 穿破；磨损；耐
用；耐穿
*She wears her hair long. 她梳着长发。
He wore a puzzled look on his face. 他脸上流露出迷惑不解的神情。
I've worn holes in all my socks. 我把我所有的袜子都穿破了。
The sheets have worn thin. 床单已经磨薄了。
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*wear your heart on your sleeve 让感情外露；把心事挂在脸上
That carpet is wearing well, isn't it 这地毯很耐用，是不是？
wear away（因重复使用或磨擦而）变薄，变光滑；磨薄；磨光；流逝
The letters on the coin had worn away. 铸在这枚硬币上的文字已磨平了。
wear down | wear sth down（因重复使用或磨擦而）变小，变光滑；磨短
Notice how the tread on this tyre has worn down. 注意这个轮胎的花纹磨损的程度。
wear sb/sth down（尤指通过不断攻击或施加压力）使衰弱，使意志薄弱
Her persistence paid off and she eventually wore me down. 她锲而不舍取得成功，终于使我服输了。
wear off 逐渐消失；消逝；逐渐停止
The effects of the drug will soon wear off. 这麻醉药品的作用将很快消失。
wear out | wear sth out（因使用过度而）磨薄；穿破；磨损；用坏
He wore out two pairs of shoes last year. 去年他穿坏了两双鞋。
wear yourself / sb. out 使疲乏；使筋疲力尽；使厌烦
The kids have totally worn me out. 孩子们简直把我烦透了。
worn-out a.（因工作卖力）精疲力竭的【syn: exhausted】；破旧的，不能再用的
You must be absolutely worn out. 你一定累坏了。
a pair of old worn-out walking boots 一双穿破了的旧步行靴
wearable a. 可穿用的，可佩带的；耐用的
wearer n. 穿戴者；佩戴人；常穿戴…的人
The straps can be adjusted to suit the wearer. 这些背带可进行调整以适合使用者。
contact lens wearers 戴隐形眼镜的人
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III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each
blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
完形填空 减糖饮料健康与否 人与自我（健康）
Sugar-free and 'diet' drinks no better for healthy weight than full sugar drinks
by Caroline Brogan
03 January 2017
Sugar-free and 'diet' drinks are often seen as the healthier option - but researchers at Imperial have argued
that they do not promote healthy weight.
In a commentary on current research and policy into sweetened drinks, academics from Imperial College
London and two Brazilian universities (University of Sao Paulo and Federal University of Pelotas) argued
that sugar-free versions of drinks may be no better for weight loss or preventing weight gain than their
full sugar counterparts, and may also be detrimental to the environment.
“A common perception, which may be influenced by industry marketing, is that because ‘diet’ drinks have
no sugar, they must be healthier and aid weight loss when used as a substitute for full sugar versions.”
– Prof Christopher Millett
School of Public Health
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Artificially-sweetened beverages (ASBs) are alternatives to full-sugared drinks. They contain no sugar
and are sweetened with artificial sweeteners instead. ASBs are often known as 'diet' versions of soft
drinks, and may be perceived by consumers as the healthier option for those who want to lose weight or
reduce their sugar intake. However, there is no solid evidence to support the claims that they are any
better for health or prevent obesity and obesity related diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
Professor Christopher Millett, senior investigator from Imperial’s School of Public Health, said “A
common perception, which may be influenced by industry marketing, is that because ‘diet’ drinks have no
sugar, they must be healthier and aid weight loss when used as a substitute for full sugar versions.
However we found no solid evidence to support this.”
May contribute to obesity and type 2 diabetes
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) such as soft drinks, fruit-flavoured drinks, and sports drinks, make up
a third of UK teenagers’ sugar intake, and nearly half of all sugar intake in the US. SSBs provide many
calories but very few essential nutrients, and their consumption is a major cause of increasing rates of
obesity and type 2 diabetes.
ASBs currently comprise a quarter of the global sweetened beverages market, but they are not taxed or
regulated to the same extent as SSBs - perhaps due to their perceived harmlessness, say the researchers.
Despite having no or very little energy content, there is a concern that ASBs might trigger compensatory
food intake by stimulating sweet taste receptors. This, together with the consumers’ awareness of the
low-calorie content of ASBs, may result in overconsumption of other foods, thus contributing to obesity,
type 2 diabetes and other obesity-related health problems.
Negative consequences for the environment
In the report, Professor Millett and colleagues outlined current evidence of the health effects of
consuming ASBs. Although there was no direct evidence for a role of ASBs in weight gain, they found
that there was no evidence that ASBs aid weight loss or prevent weight gain compared with the full sugar
versions.
“Far from helping to solve the global obesity crisis, ASBs may be contributing to the problem and should
not be promoted as part of a healthy diet.”
– Study authors
In addition, the production of ASBs has negative consequences for the environment, with up to 300 litres
of water required to produce a 0.5 L plastic bottle of carbonated soft drink.
Dr Maria Carolina Borges, first author of the study from the Federal University of Pelotas, added: “The
lack of solid evidence on the health effects of ASBs and the potential influence of bias from industry
funded studies should be taken seriously when discussing whether ASBs are adequate alternatives to
SSBs.”
Professor Carlos Monteiro, co-author from the University of Sao Paulo, said: “Taxes and regulation on
SBS and not ASBs will ultimately promote the consumption of diet drinks rather than plain water - the
desirable source of hydration for everyone.”
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The authors added: “Far from helping to solve the global obesity crisis, ASBs may be contributing to the
problem and should not be promoted as part of a healthy diet.”
“Artificially Sweetened Beverages and the Response to the Global Obesity Crisis” by Maria Carolina
Borges, Maria Laura Louzada, Thiago Hérick de Sá, Anthony A. Laverty, Diana C. Parra, Josefa Maria
Fellegger Garzillo, Carlos Augusto Monteiro, Christopher Millett, published in PLOS Medicine 3 January
2017
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Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.
For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information
given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
阅读理解 A篇 小说：贫贱夫妻很恩爱 人与自我（家庭）
(B)
阅读理解 B篇 说明书：露营注意事项 人与社会（生活实际）
(C)
议论文：经济发展和自然保护是否可以共 人与自然（环保）
阅读理解 C篇
存？ 人与社会（经济）
Can Humans and Nature Coexist
Conservationists go to war over whether humans are the measure of nature's value
-- By Gayathri Vaidyanathan, ClimateWire on November 10.2014
And they support “re-wilding,” a concept originally proposed by Soule where people curtail economic growth and
withdraw from landscapes, which then return to nature.
New Conservationists believe the withdrawal could happen together with economic growth. The California-based
Breakthrough Institute believes in a future where most people live in cities and rely less on natural resources for
economic growth.
They would get food from industrial agriculture, including genetically modified foods, desalination, intensified meat
production and aquaculture, all of which have a smaller land footprint. And they would get their energy from renewables
and natural gas.
Driving these profound shifts would be greater efficiency of production, where more products could be manufactured
from fewer inputs. And some unsustainable commodities would be replaced in the market by other, greener
ones—natural gas for coal, for instance, explained Michael Shellenberger, president of the Breakthrough Institute. Nature
would, in essence, be decoupled from the economy.
And then he added a caveat: “We are not suggesting decoupling as the paradigm to save the world, or that it solves all the
problems or eliminates all the trade-offs.”
Cynics may say all this sounds too utopian, but Breakthrough maintains the world is already on this path toward
decoupling. Nowhere is this more evident than in the United States, according to Iddo Wemick, a research scholar at the
Rockefeller University, who has examined the nation's use of 100 main commodities.
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Wemick and his colleagues pored over data from the U.S. Geological Survey National Minerals Information Center,
which keeps a record of commodities used from 1900 through the present day.
They found that the use of 36 commodities (sand, ire ore, cotton, etc.) in the U.S. economy had peaked.
Another 53 commodities (nitrogen, timber, beef, etc.) are being used more efficiently per dollar value of gross domestic
product than in the pre-1970s era. Their use would peak soon, Wemick said.
Only 11 commodities (industrial diamond, indium, chicken, etc.) are increasing in use (Greenwire, Nov. 6), and most of
these are employed by industries in small quantities to improve systems processes. Chicken use is rising because people
are eating less beeg a desirable development since poultry cultivation has a smaller environmental footprint.
The numbers show the United States has not intensified resource consumption since the 1970s even while increasing its
GDP and population, said Jesse Ausubel of the Rockefeller University.
Section C
Directions：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be
used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
六选四 UK图书馆的电子书和纸质书补贴问题 人与社会（科技、热点）
Guest Post: Should Writers be Paid for their eBooks Lent by Libraries
21 December, 2016Library eBooks5 Comments
Editor’s Note: The following post concerns a topic which might be unfamiliar to US readers: Public Lending Rights.
This is a program where libraries pay authors and publishers each time one of their books are borrowed by a
patron. The US is one of the few English-speaking countries which does not have PLR, but it is common in Europe and
in Great Britain’s former colonies.
When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the
Lending Rights schemes, but this is not the case when libraries lend e-books. Is this fair
This year, the government has distributed almost A$22 million under these Public Lending Rights and Educational
Lending Rights Schemes. For each book in public library collections, creators receive $2.11 and publishers receive
$0.52.
The amount that each claimant receives is often not very significant, with the majority of authors receiving between
$100-500 annually. Still, a previous study has revealed that this remuneration constitutes the second most important
source of income for creators from their creative work.
E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes. This may not be a big issue at the moment, since
only 3.5% of library holdings are e-books and most publishers still release books both in print and e-book formats.
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But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely
to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published titles are done so in digital format only.
Such self-published titles, if lent by libraries, would not qualify for any remuneration.
For this reason, authors and publishers have been lobbying the Government to extend the Lending Rights Schemes to
e-books. Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013, nothing has
happened of yet.
One of the main reasons why e-books are not covered is that e-book lending is quite different from print book lending. In
case of print books, authors and publishers are arguably losing on customers and revenues when libraries loan their
books for free.
At present, in the case of e-books, many publishers chose not to sell these
books to libraries. Also, publishers assume that libraries will lend e-books to
many readers so they often charge libraries three or more times the price that
consumers are paying for the same e-books.
While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain
that these amounts do not reach them. Publishing contracts often don’t
specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for
e-lending.
原文出处：https://the-digital-/2016/12/21/guest-post-writers-paid-ebooks-lent-libraries/
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the mail point(s) of the passage in no more than
60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
新发现的记忆特点和作用，通过老鼠的实
概要写作 人与社会（科技）
验，可以修改记忆。
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V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
Possible Versions
72. 他已经几十年没见过如此壮美的日出了。(since)
It is / It has been decades since he saw such a magnificent sunrise / so magnificent a sunshine.
or：Decades has passed since he last witnessed the imposing / glorious / splendid / impressive / spectacular sunrise.
or：He hasn't seen such a magnificent sunrise in decades / since decades ago.
73. 小张昨天在田里播下种子，期待来年的丰收。(sow)
Xiao Zhang sowed the seeds in the field yesterday, expecting a good harvest next year.
or：Xiao Zhang sowed the seeds in the field yesterday, looking forward to a good harvest in the coming year.
or：Xiao Zhang sowed in the field yesterday, in (the) hope of having a good harvest for the coming year.
74. 鉴于不熟悉用手机打车的老人不在少数，这家公司提供了一系列服务来满足他们的需求。(a few)
Given (the fact) that / In consideration of the fact that / In (the) light of the fact that / In view of the fact that /
Considering (that) quite a few elderly people / senior citizens are unfamiliar with / are not familiar with / are not skilled
in taking a taxi with mobile phone / using mobile phone to take a taxi, this company offers / provides / presents /
furnishes / affords / supplies a series of / a range of / *an array of services to respond to / *cater to / meet / satisfy / serve
/ answer / address their needs / demands.
75. 正是因为贯彻了“顾客为本”的理念，那家落寞已久的社区商场才得以重回大众视线。(it)
It was because of the implementation of the “customer-oriented / customer-based / customer-first” principle /
philosophy that this long-failing / almost-deserted / dead-silent / lifeless community shopping mall returned to public’s
attention / regained public’s attention / came back to the sight (or：view) of the public.
or：It was because the “customer-oriented” principle / philosophy was implemented that this community shopping mall
failing / that had been failing for a long time regained public's attention.
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VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，入冬以来，你校组织全校师生每周一至周五晨跑时间为 7:30-7:50，休息 5
分钟后上第一节课。但有同学反映，晨跑后身体不适，因此学校委托学生会征询大家对晨跑的意见。请你给学生
会写一封邮件，内容必须包括：
（1）你认为该晨跑安排中存在的问题；
（2）你的改进建议及理由。
Dear Student Union,
It has been few weeks since the school asked all the students and teachers to jog from 7:30 to 7:50 every Monday to
Friday morning. Without doubt, this proposal can benefit us physically and mentally; however, there are also some
students voicing difficulties they have experienced after running.【交代背景】 Therefore, I am writing this letter to
identify some problems in the jogging program and put forward some suggestions and reasons for improvement【. 写信目
的】
As for the problems of this jogging plan, the biggest one may lie in the short break between jogging and the first
class.【问题 1】 It is advisable to give body a rest after having breakfast, so doing strenuous activity such as jogging
immediately after the breakfast might cause some students to feel physically unwell. 【问题 2】
For that reason, I firmly believe that some adjustments should be made by extending the break time【. 原因措施过渡
句】 After 20 minutes jogging, undoubtedly students feel fatigued which might make them lethargic and unable to
concentrate on their studies. If students are given sufficient time to recover from jogging, it is more likely that they can
fully focus on their learning in their first class.【建议/原因 1】 In addition, it would also be more reasonable to schedule
the jogging before breakfast. By doing so, it improves their appetite and they would also be able to have their breakfast
at a slower pace. 【建议/原因 2】
With all these above-mentioned reasons, I strongly recommend that the school insist on adjusting the current
jogging plan and make some improvements to make it convenient for students and teachers.【重申观点】 I would
appreciate it if my suggestions could be adopted.【书信结尾套话】
Yours,
Li Ming
Writing tips:
逻辑清晰，长短句错落有致，才是英文写作的灵魂
切记长难句，高级词汇堆积，“明目张胆” 地 Chinglish，废话文学 NOWAY
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原文：
Dear Students’ Union,
Hearing that our school organizes all teachers and students to run in the morning every Monday to Friday. Morning
running does can build our body and keep fit, but a tricky issue that some students feel physically sick after morning
running has arisen. Thus, I would like to write this letter to point out some defects and put forward my suggestions.
With regard to the morning running initiative, the greatest problem may be the unreasonable schedule. On one hand,
it is obvious that the running time is too close to the first class and students may be exhausted so that their study
efficiency can’t be guaranteed. On the other hand, running time is also close to breakfast time which can absolutely
cause stomach problems. Meanwhile, some scientific researches have pointed out that vigorous exercise is not suitable in
the morning.
When it comes to the solutions, I consider opinions vary from person to person. From my perspective, I firmly
support that we can try to arrange the morning running after the third class which can leave time for students to adapt to
exercise condition. What’s more, school ought to require students to do warming-up exercises before morning running,
which are bound to leave physical problems behind.
As I have stated above, I strongly reckon that school should lay emphasis on physical education. To be frank, it
can’t be denied that morning running is a beneficial exercise, we also need to take note of ways and means. Therefore, I
really hope my suggestions can be adopted and so willing am I to see the initiative can be put into practice. (275 words)
Yours,
Li Ming
修改：
Dear Students’ Union,
Hearing that our school organizes all teachers and students to run in the morning every Monday to Friday. Morning
running does can build our body and keep us fit, but what is tricky is that some students feel physically sick after
morning the running has arisen. Thus, I would like to write this letter to point out some defects and put forward my
suggestions.
With regard to the morning running initiative, the greatest problem may be its unreasonable schedule. On the one
hand, it is obvious that the running time is right in the middle of breakfast and the first class, which may cause stomach
pains and affect students' study efficiency too close to the first class, and students may be exhausted so that their study
efficiency can’t be guaranteed. On the other hand, the running time is also close to breakfast time which can absolutely
cause stomach problems. Meanwhile, some scientific researches have pointed out that vigorous exercise is not suitable in
the morning.
When it comes to the solutions, I consider that opinions vary from person to person. From my perspective, I firmly
support that we can try to rearrange the morning running and set it after the third class, which can leave time for students
to adapt to the exercise condition. , Meanwhile, students may be exhausted after hours of learning, therefore, a
spirits-lifting exercise like jogging is just what they need at this moment. What’s more, school ought to require students
to do warming-up exercises before morning running, which are bound to leave physical problems behind.
As I have stated above, I strongly reckon that school should lay emphasis on physical education. To be frank, it
can’t be denied that morning running is a beneficial exercise, we also need to take note of ways and means. Therefore, I
really hope my suggestions can be adopted and so willing am I to see the initiative can be put into practice. (275 words)
Yours,
Li Ming
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成形：
Dear Students’ Union,
Hearing that our school organizes all teachers and students to run in the morning every Monday to Friday. But what
is tricky is that some students feel physically sick after the running. Thus, I would like to point out some defects and put
forward my suggestions.
With regard to the morning running initiative, the greatest problem may be its unreasonable schedule. On the one
hand, it is obvious that the running time is so tightly squeezed in the middle of breakfast and the first class, which may
cause stomach pains and affect students' study efficiency as well. On the other hand, some scientific researches have
pointed out that vigorous exercise is not suitable in the morning.
When it comes to the solutions, I propose that we can try to rearrange the morning running schedule and set it after
the third class, which can leave time for students to adapt to the exercise. Meanwhile, students may be exhausted after
hours of learning, therefore, a spirits-lifting exercise like jogging is just what they need at this moment. Alternatively, we
may just as well try another schedule, say, the time after all afternoon's courses, but school should furnish them with
some snacks of course. After all, few students would resist the temptation to enjoy some snacks to refill their exhausted
body, which in turn serve as incentives and fuel for them to carry on with the jogging.
As are stated above, I hold that emphasis on physical education can never be too much. As long as we keep science
in mind and take some flexible and humane approaches, each party will be on our side, and I would really appreciate it if
you could take my suggestions. (284 words)
Yours,
Li Ming
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