人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 1 Teenage Life 知识点学案
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高中英语人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 1Teenage Life学案
【学习目标】
1、学会本节单词、短语
2、学会写建议信。
【知识运用】
1.attract vt.吸引；引起……注意(或兴趣) attraction n.吸引力；引力；吸引人之物 attractive adj.有吸引力的；引起注意的；引起兴趣的
It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world.(教材P18)
对于你们这一代的青少年来说，被电脑游戏和网络世界所吸引并不罕见。
[合作探究] 体会attract及其相关词的用法和意义
His attractive voice immediately attracted every judge’s attention.
他那具有吸引力的嗓音立即吸引了每个裁判的注意。
She was attracted to the man by his goodness.她因那人的亲切而喜爱他。
Actually，the three columns are equally attractive to us students.
实际上，这三个栏目对我们学生具有同样的吸引力。
People present were attracted by her singing.在场的人被她的歌声所吸引。
[自主发现]
①attract one’s attention/mind 吸引某人的注意力
②be attracted to 喜爱，为……所吸引
③be attractive to 对……有吸引力
④be attracted by 被……所吸引
[巩固内化] 单句语法填空
①Venice is one of the greatest tourist attractions(attract) of the world.
②Every year，a good many tourists are attracted to the old tower dating back to the eleventh century.
③Attracted (attract) by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
④Fred thought that Susan was attracted to him.
⑤The house was set in attractive(attract) countryside near Oxford.
2.focus vi.&vt.集中(精力、注意力等)；(使)调节焦距 n.中心；焦点；重点
But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life.(教材P18)但是花太多的时间在网上是不健康的，让你很难集中精力在生活中的其他事情上。
[合作探究] 体会focus的用法和意义
Children are the focus of families，shouldering the hope of their parents.
孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。
They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.
他们关注的是保持土壤肥沃并免受病害。
If we find those materials interesting，we’ll focus our attention on them for long.如果我们发现那些材料有趣，我们的注意力就会长时间集中在它们身上。
[自主发现]
①focus on 集中；特别关注
②focus one’s mind/attention on... 集中注意力于……
[巩固内化] 补全句子
It was so hot a day that nobody could focus their attention on work.
天气太热，以至于大家都没法集中精力工作。
[思考] 表示“集中注意力/精力于……”的短语还有哪些？
①concentrate one’s attention on sth
②put one’s heart into sth
③fix one’s attention on sth
3.addict n.对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人vt.使上瘾 addicted adj.有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的addiction n.上瘾；沉溺
Some students even become addicted to the Internet and cannot concentrate on school and family life.(教材P18)
一些学生甚至沉迷于网络，无法集中精力于学习和家庭生活。
[合作探究] 体会addict及其相关词的用法和意义
People who are addicted to shopping should break this habit.
购物成瘾的人应该改掉这个习惯。
Many kids addict themselves to surfing the Net，so they have lost interest in study.很多孩子沉迷于上网，因此他们对学习失去了兴趣。
[自主发现]
①be/get/become addicted to(doing) sth 沉溺于(做)某事；专心(做)某事
②addict oneself to(doing) sth 沉溺于(做)某事
[巩固内化] 单句语法填空
①Learning that you are addicted to table tennis，I am writing to invite you to join the table tennis team in our school.
②Addicted to playing(play) computer games，he has wasted lots of time.
③I discovered an addiction(addict) to housework which I had never felt before.
4.I guess it’s because they’re adults and can’t understand me.(教材P19)我想那是因为他们是成年人，不理解我。
【句式解读】 it’s because...意为“那是因为……”；because在句中引导表语从句，表示原因。
【用法总结】
(1)This/That/It is because...意为“这/那是因为……”。because在这个句型中引导表语从句，表示原因。
(2)The reason why...is/was that...“……的原因是……”，在这个句型中，表语从句常用that引导，而不用because。
①You have made rapid progress；this is because he helps you a lot.
你进步很快，这是因为他帮助你很多。
②The reason why the students favor the first one is that they can carry it with them wherever they go.
学生们喜欢第一个的原因是他们无论去哪都可以随身携带(它)。
[名师提醒] why和because引导的表语从句的区别
That’s why... 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果
That’s because... 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因
③I didn’t phone her，and that’s why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果)我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。
④I didn’t phone her，and that’s because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因)我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。
[巩固内化]
(1)单句语法填空
①—You see，I’m poor in math，but good at English，while you are good at math，but weak in English.
—That’s why we should help each other.
②—Have you heard the news that he was admitted into Beijing University
—Yes，that’s because he worked so hard all the time，so his efforts paid off.
③The reason why Tom came late for the wedding was that he was ill.
(2)同义句转换
④He had an urgent thing to deal with.That was why he didn’t attend the meeting.
→He didn’t attend the meeting.That’s because he had an urgent thing to deal with.
1 I recommend that you talk to your friend about his behaviour. 我建议你和你的朋友聊聊他的行为举止。(教材P18)
归纳 拓展 (1)behave vt.& vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现 behave well/badly to/towards ... 对……态度好/差 behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体 (2)well behaved adj. 表现好的 badly behaved adj. 表现差的 (3)behaviour n. 行为；举止
①His behaviour towards his father was becoming worse and worse.
他对父亲的行为越来越恶劣。
②It's not right for you to behave_badly_to the customers.
你对顾客不好是不对的。
③I do not want to be a so called well behaved child.
我并不想做那些所谓的乖孩子。
2 attract vt. 吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣)(教材P18)
归纳 拓展 (1)attract one's attention/interest 吸引某人的注意/兴趣 attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事 be attracted to sb. 喜爱某人，为某人所吸引 (2)attraction n. 吸引力；诱惑力；有吸引力的地方；有吸引力的事物 (3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的；引人入胜的
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The exhibition, to be held in the City Hall of Xi'an, lasts for seven days from June 6th to 12th, which will attract a large number of visitors at home and abroad.
从6月6日到12日持续七天的展览将在西安市政大厅举办，这将吸引来自国内外的大量游客。
②Recently, the TV program A Bite of China has_attracted_much_attention.
近来，电视节目《舌尖上的中国》吸引了很多人的注意力。
③He was nice looking, but I wasn't_deeply_attracted_to him.
他长得很帅，可我对他不是很有感觉。
④What's the attraction of your going on the stage
是什么吸引你登上舞台的？
⑤Port Louis is an attractive little fishing port.
路易港是个漂亮的小渔港。
3 But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes_it_very_difficult_to_focus_on_other_things_in_life. 但是花费太多时间上网有害健康，并且很难集中精力于生活中的其他事情。(教材P18)
剖析 make在此用作使役动词，其宾语是名词或代词，宾语补足语用名词、形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词等。
归纳 拓展 “make＋宾语＋宾补”结构 (1)当宾语是不定式(的复合结构)或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语后置，构成“make it＋n./adj.＋ to do sth./that ...”结构。 (2)make＋名词/代词＋名词，表示“使某人/某物成为……”，如果宾补是表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，其前不用冠词。 (3)make＋名词/代词＋形容词，表示“使某人/某物……”。 (4)make＋名词/代词＋省略to的不定式，表示“使某人某物做某事”。注意：该结构用于被动语态时，被省略的不定式符号to要还原。 (5)make＋名词/代词＋过去分词，表示“使某人/某物被……”。构成过去分词的动词与宾语(名词/代词)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
①We made_him_captain of our team.
我们让他当队长。
②She has won the game, which made_her_parents_proud.
她赢得了比赛，这让她的父母感到骄傲。
③What he said made_all_of_us_laugh.
＝All of us were_made_to_laugh by what he said.(被动语态)
他的话让我们都大笑起来。
④She couldn't make_herself_heard above the noise of the traffic.
车辆噪音很大，人们无法听到她的声音。
⑤The man made_it_clear_that he wouldn't accept the task.
这个人说得很清楚，他不会接受这个任务。
4 focus vi.& vt. 集中(精力、注意力等)；(使)调节焦距 n. 中心；重点；焦点(教材P18)
归纳 拓展 (1)focus ... on/upon ... 把……集中于 (2)in focus 焦点对准的；清晰的 out of focus 焦点未对准的；不清晰的 (3)focused adj. 注意力集中的
①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused_on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
我们大多数人早晨要比一天中晚些时候更专注于我们的任务。
②He is always the focus of everyone's attention.
他始终是大家关注的中心。
[易混辨析：concentrate/focus]
focus 侧重指把光、热、射线等集中于一点，也可指把思想或精力等集中于某人或某事情上 focus v. 集中； n. 焦点
concentrate 指把人或物集中在一起，也可指把精力或注意力集中于某一事物上 concentrate v. 集中 n. 浓缩物
③You should concentrate_on the road when you are driving.
你在开车时注意力应集中在路上。
④The noise made it hard for me to focus_on work.
噪音让我无法集中注意力工作。
【名师点津】 put one's heart into＝fix one's mind on 集中精力于……
pay one's attention to 专心于……，注意……
be absorbed in 集中精力于……
apply oneself to doing sth. 专心做某事
devote oneself to ... 致力于……
5 addicted adj. 有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的 addict n. 对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人(教材P18)
归纳 拓展 (1)be/become/get addicted to 对……上瘾，沉溺于……(to是介词) (2)addict vt. 使沉溺，沉溺于 addict oneself to 沉溺于…… (3)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的，使……入迷的
①As far as I'm concerned, it's not wise for us to be_addicted_to playing with smart phones because we may ignore other important things in life.
就我个人而言，迷恋于玩智能手机是不明智的，因为我们有可能忽视生活中其他重要的事情。
②Her son addicted_himself_to smoking, which had a bad effect on his health.
她的儿子吸烟上瘾，这对他的健康有很坏的影响。
③She is a TV addict and watches as much as she can.
她是个电视迷，看起电视来没完没了。
④Betting can be as addictive as drinking or smoking.
赌博像酗酒和抽烟一样会上瘾。
【阅读探究】
Understanding in context
I had to choose extra-curricular activities，too.I tried to join the school football team，but the coach told me that I didn’t play well enough.Obviously，I was unhappy，but I won’t quit.I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year.I joined a volunteer club instead.Every Wednesday，we work at a soup kitchen and hand out food to homeless people in the community.
I know I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible for a lot more.I’m a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my advanced course，and it’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework.Still，I’m happy to be here.Studying hard isn’t always fun，but I’ll be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future.
[文化视窗]
a soup kitchen是为救济贫民、灾民而设的食品施舍场所。这里通常有志愿者承办的，向救济对象免费发放或低于市价出售食品的活动。英语中，与soup kitchen 具有类似功能的场所还有meat centre，food kitchen等。
4.quit vi.&vt.(quit，quit)停止；戒掉；离开(工作职位、学校等)
[合作探究] 体会quit的用法和意义
①He quit school at 15 and left home.他15岁辍学后离开了家。
②You must quit smoking.Most important of all，you should start taking exercise.你必须戒烟，最重要的是，你应该开始运动。
[自主发现]
③quit office/school 离职/退学
④quit doing sth 放弃/停止做某事
[巩固内化]
(1)单句语法填空
①Her advice was that you (should) quit drinking(drink).
(2)补全句子
②You’d better quit England(离开英国) and live in a warmer country.
5.be responsible for对……负责
①Parents are responsible for their children’s safety.
父母应负责子女的安全。
[短语记牢] 记牢下列短语
a sense of responsibility 责任感
take responsibility for 对……负责
②You are in charge of the company，so you should take responsibility for what you said.你负责这家公司，所以你应该为你所说的话负责。
③Our school is trying to teach young people to develop a sense of responsibility.
我们的学校试图教育年轻人培养责任感。
[巩固内化] 补全句子
①This will help them build up a sense of responsibility since young.
这将有助于帮助他们从小建立责任感。
②Either I or they are responsible for/take responsibility for the result of the matter.
不是我就是他们要对那件事的结果负责。
6.I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year.
我要想办法提高自己，这样我明年就能进入球队了。
【句式解读】 句中so that引导目的状语从句，表示“为了……，以便……”。
【用法总结】
(1)so that 引导目的状语从句，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词，从句之前不用逗号。
(2)so that引导结果状语从句，意为“以至于；结果”，从句中一般不用情态动词，从句前常有逗号。
(3)so...that...如此……以至于……，that引导结果状语从句，常见形式如下：
so＋＋that...
①The boy put up his hand so that he could catch the teacher’s attention.
这个男孩举起手来，目的是能够引起老师的注意。
②It hadn’t rained for a few months，so that the crops were dried.
好几个月没有下雨了，以至于庄稼都干死了。
③He is so kind that everyone likes to talk with him.
他是如此善良，每个人都喜欢跟他说话。
④We had so little time that we couldn’t finish the work on time.
我们的时间那么少，以至于我们不能按时完成那项工作。
[巩固内化]
(1)单句语法填空
①He was so absorbed in watching the car passing by that he didn’t notice his friends coming.
②He made so little progress that his parents felt disappointed.
(2)补全句子
③He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.
他早起床以便赶上早班车。
④It was so cold a day that there was nobody on the street.
天气非常寒冷，以至于街上没有人。
【句型梳理】
1.主谓(S V)
在此句型中，谓词为不及物动词，不能接宾语，但能表达完整的意义。
The door opened.门开了。
2.主谓宾(S V O)
在此句型中谓词为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，它必须跟一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能表达一个完整的意思。
She teaches English.她教英语。
3.主系表(S P)
在此句型中的谓词是系动词，后面必须接表语才能表达完整的意义。
The flower smells sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。
4.主谓宾宾(S V IO DO)
此句型中的谓词带两个宾语(双宾语)，前一个为间接宾语(通常指人)，后一个为直接宾语(通常指物)。
Mr Smith lent me his car.
→Mr Smith lent his car to me.
史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。
[名师提醒] 句子结构可以是：“主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾”或“主＋谓＋直宾＋to/for＋间宾”。
5.主谓宾宾补(S V O C)
此句型中的谓词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词，也就是说，这些动词除了有一个直接宾语外，还要加上宾语补足语，句子的意义才能完整。
The news made us surprised.
这消息使我们很吃惊。
[名师提醒] 可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语：如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则该动词接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。
6.主谓状(S V A)
在此句型中，谓词也为不及物动词，但其后必须带有状语，否则结构不全，意义不完整。
They lived in Beijing.他们住在北京。
7.主谓宾状(S V O A)
在此句型中，谓词是及物动词，其后不但必须有宾语，而且宾语之后必须带状语，否则结构不全，意义不明确。
She put all the books on the desk.
她把所有的书都放在桌上了。
8.存现句(There be...结构)
英语表示某时某处存在某物/某人时，常用There＋be...结构。其基本句型是“there＋be＋主语＋其他(状语、定语等)”。
There is a small pool at the foot of the mountain.
山脚下有一个小池塘。
[名师提醒] There在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词be是谓词，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语取得单复数方面的一致。
首段常用句型：
I'm sory you have trouble in...
You have asked me for my advice about...
I am writing to exprees my views on/concerning...
You have asked for some advice concerning....and I will try to give you my suggestions.
提出建议时常用的句型:
I think it would be a good idea if...
In my opinion, it would be wise to...
I suggest that you should...
In my opinion, you'd better...
I advise you to...
If I were you, I would...
Why not... /Why don't you...
结尾段常用的句型:
I hope you will find these proposals (suggestions/ tips)practical/ useful/helpful.
I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in more detail.
I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my suggestions.
In the end, I will be glad if you find my suggestions useful.
I hope you will take my advice into account.
I will be glad if you will consider my tips.
1. It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world.
"It is （not）unusual for sb. to do sth."是形式主语句型， “某人做某事并不是很特殊（或很常见）”
It is unusual for my brother to go shopping.
我弟弟很少购物。
2.Why not discuss the problem together？
解析：Why not do sth. 用来表示建议，意为“为什么不做某事？”还可以用"Why don't you do sth. "这种形式。
拓展：why not的三种含义：
① 表示建议，意为“为什么不做……呢？做……如何？”；
②表示对否定陈述的回答，意为“为什么不；为什么是那样？”；
③表示同意，意为“当然可以，好啊”。
why not 跟不带to的动词不定式，用来提出建议，表示“为什么不…… ”， 即 Why not do. . . =Why don't/won't you do . . . Why is it that... 为什么…… (强调句）
①Why not try again 为何不再试一下？
②Why is it that parents only pay attention to us when we get into trouble
为什么父母只有在我们遇到麻烦的时候才注意到我们呢？
③－We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.
－Yes, why not I'll give them a call right now.
－我们可以邀请 John和 Barbara 参加星期五的晚会。
－好啊，为什么不呢？我马上给他们打电话。
【语法解析】
1.基本概念
定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
先行词：被定语从句所修饰说明的词称为先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
2.关系代词引导的定语从句
（1）who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The man who is talking with my father is a teacher.
正和我父亲说话的那个人是教师。（作主语）
The girl（who）I met yesterday was his sister.
我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。（作宾语）
（2）whom指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略，不能作主语。
The man（whom）you met just now is my father.
你刚刚遇到的人是我父亲。（作宾语）
The teacher（whom）you are waiting for is coming.
你等的那位老师来了。（作宾语）
（3）whose既可指人，也可指物。其后接名词，与先行词构成从属关系，在从句中作定语。
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.
我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。（作定语）
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.
没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。（作定语）
（4）which只指物，不指人，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
Guilin is a city which has a history of 2，000 years.
桂林是一个有2 000年历史的城市。（作主语）
The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring（which）he had lost on the train.
那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。（作宾语）
（5）that既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
There is a film（that）I'd like to see.
有一部电影我想去看。（作宾语）
The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。（作主语）
温馨提示：①关系代词指代先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此
定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
译：昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。
误：The film（that/which）we saw it last night is very frightening.
正：The film（that/which）we saw last night is very frightening.
②关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
Is that the girl（whom/who/that）you spoke of the other day？那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？
3.只用that不用which的情况
（1）当先行词是all，everything，nothing，much，any，little 等不定代词，或被no，little，all等修饰时。
He did everything that he could for me.
他为我做了他所能做的所有的事。
No news that he tells us is good.
他告诉我们的消息没有一个是好的。
（2）当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the very，the only修饰时。
This is the best film that I have seen.
这是我所看过的最好的电影。
This is the very book that I've been looking for.
这正是我一直在找的那本书。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
（3）当先行词既含有表示人的名词又含有表示物的名词时。
They talked about the men and the things that they saw in the country.
他们谈到了在那个国家见到的人和事。
（4）当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night？
他昨晚住的是哪家旅馆？
温聲提示：①关系代词在从句中作主语时，根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单
复数。
He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.（the only one为先行词）
He is one of the students who have passed the exam.（the students为先行词）
②关系代词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语时（这时介
词不能在关系代词前）常可省略。
The boy（that/who/whom）we saw last night was Li Ming.
一、名词短语(noun phrase,简称NP)
定义:名词短语是指由几个名词或名词及其修饰语构成的短语。它是英语句子的核心组成部分。
构成:名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系:一是放在被修饰名词的前面,叫做前置定语或定语;二是放在被修饰名词的后面,叫做后置定语。
具体形式:
1.两个或多个名词可以由 and等对等连词连接,构成名词短语
2.冠词作修饰语,可与后面的名词构成名词短语
3.名词本身作修饰语,可与后面的名词构成名词短语
4. 形容词作修饰语,可与后面的名词构成名词短语。
5.介词及其宾语作修饰语,可与前面的名词构成名词短语。
6.不定式或不定式短语作修饰语,可与前面的名词构成名词短语。
7.分词作修饰语,可与后面的名词构成名词短语。
8.动名词作修饰语,可与后面的名词构成名词短语。
功能:名词短语可以在句中充当主语、宾语、宾补等。
The handsome young man is Jim'sbrother.
那个英俊的年轻人是吉姆的兄弟。(作主语)
I learn that you're coming to visit one of your Chinese friends.
我知道你要来拜访你的一个中国朋友。(作宾语)
We made him our group leader.
我们让他当我们的组长。(作宾补)
二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase,简称AdjP)
定义:形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。
构成:
1.两个或多个形容词可以由 and, but等并列连词连接,构成形容词短语。
2.very, enough等程度副词作修饰语,可与形容词构成形容词短语。
3.介词及其宾语可用在形容词后作修饰语,可与形容一起构成形容词短语。
4.不定式在形容词后作修饰语,与形容词一起构成形容词短语。
功能:形容词短语可作定语、表语、宾补和状语等。
Li Ming is a high school student always ready to help others.
李明是一名高中生,总是乐于助人。(作定语)
China is rich in natural resoures.
中国自然资源丰富。(作表语)
We found them tired and sleepy at home.
我们发现他们在家又累又困。(作宾补)
Much interested, he agreed to give it a try.
他很感兴趣,答应试一试。(作状语)
三、 副词短语(Adverb Phrase,简称AdvP)
定义：副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语，副词短语以副词为核心词,同时整个短语在句子中仍然为副词的功能。
构成：
1. 两个或多个副词可以由 and,but 等对等连词连接构成副词短语
2. very,quite, extremely等程度副词作修饰语,可与其他副词构成副词短语。
3. 介词及其宾语可用在副词后修饰副词,可与副词构成副词短语。
功能:副词短语可修饰动词、形容词、副词和介词等;主要在句中作状语,表示时间、地点、方式等意义,还可作表语、定语、宾补等。
Jim spoke so quickly that no one could understand him.
吉姆说得那么快,谁也听不懂他的话。(作状语,表原因)
The doctor came back quite recently.
那位医生最近回来了。(作状语,表时间)
She types quickly and correctly.
她打字快且准确。(作状语,表方式)
The teacher speaks clearly enough.
老师说得够清楚。(作状语,表方式)
【巩固练习】
1.Knowing these causes can make us examine our ________ (behave) , and correct bad habits.
2.The author takes novel reading as a way to get away from a _______(confuse) world.
3.Li suggests traditional Chinese clothes while Su thinks the school uniforms are more ________(suit).
4.I had learned in the ________ (系) of English for four years before I graduated.
5.Imagine a future where most _______(成年人) own individual self-driving vehicles.
6.It seems that _____ (read) English is easier than speaking it.
7.The ending of the film made him a little _____ (confuse).
8.The incident brought the problem of violence in schools into a sharp _____ (焦点).
9.Being _____ (上瘾的) to online games does damage to our health.
10.When her son _____ (毕业) from high school, Ann moved to a small town.
参考答案
1.答案：behaviour
解析：句意:了解这些原因可以让我们审视自己的行为, 纠正坏习惯。根据our可知所填的词是名词形式。behaviour意为 "行为"。
2.答案：confusing
解析：考查词形转换。句意:作者把阅读小说作为一种摆脱令人闲惑的世界的方法。-ing形容词多用来修饰事物.-ed形容词多用来修饰人。
3.答案：suitable
解析： 考查形容词 设空处为表语，故应用形容词形式suitable。
4.答案：department
解析：
5.答案：adults
解析：句意: 想象一下, 未来大多数成年人都拥有自己的自动驾驶汽车。根据most可知要用adult的复数形式。
6.答案：reading
解析：
7.答案：confused
解析：
8.答案：focus
解析：
9.答案：addicted
解析：
10.答案：graduated
解析：
【学习目标】
1、学会本节单词、短语
2、学会写建议信。
【知识运用】
1.attract vt.吸引；引起……注意(或兴趣) attraction n.吸引力；引力；吸引人之物 attractive adj.有吸引力的；引起注意的；引起兴趣的
It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world.(教材P18)
对于你们这一代的青少年来说，被电脑游戏和网络世界所吸引并不罕见。
[合作探究] 体会attract及其相关词的用法和意义
His attractive voice immediately attracted every judge’s attention.
他那具有吸引力的嗓音立即吸引了每个裁判的注意。
She was attracted to the man by his goodness.她因那人的亲切而喜爱他。
Actually，the three columns are equally attractive to us students.
实际上，这三个栏目对我们学生具有同样的吸引力。
People present were attracted by her singing.在场的人被她的歌声所吸引。
[自主发现]
①attract one’s attention/mind 吸引某人的注意力
②be attracted to 喜爱，为……所吸引
③be attractive to 对……有吸引力
④be attracted by 被……所吸引
[巩固内化] 单句语法填空
①Venice is one of the greatest tourist attractions(attract) of the world.
②Every year，a good many tourists are attracted to the old tower dating back to the eleventh century.
③Attracted (attract) by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
④Fred thought that Susan was attracted to him.
⑤The house was set in attractive(attract) countryside near Oxford.
2.focus vi.&vt.集中(精力、注意力等)；(使)调节焦距 n.中心；焦点；重点
But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life.(教材P18)但是花太多的时间在网上是不健康的，让你很难集中精力在生活中的其他事情上。
[合作探究] 体会focus的用法和意义
Children are the focus of families，shouldering the hope of their parents.
孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。
They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.
他们关注的是保持土壤肥沃并免受病害。
If we find those materials interesting，we’ll focus our attention on them for long.如果我们发现那些材料有趣，我们的注意力就会长时间集中在它们身上。
[自主发现]
①focus on 集中；特别关注
②focus one’s mind/attention on... 集中注意力于……
[巩固内化] 补全句子
It was so hot a day that nobody could focus their attention on work.
天气太热，以至于大家都没法集中精力工作。
[思考] 表示“集中注意力/精力于……”的短语还有哪些？
①concentrate one’s attention on sth
②put one’s heart into sth
③fix one’s attention on sth
3.addict n.对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人vt.使上瘾 addicted adj.有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的addiction n.上瘾；沉溺
Some students even become addicted to the Internet and cannot concentrate on school and family life.(教材P18)
一些学生甚至沉迷于网络，无法集中精力于学习和家庭生活。
[合作探究] 体会addict及其相关词的用法和意义
People who are addicted to shopping should break this habit.
购物成瘾的人应该改掉这个习惯。
Many kids addict themselves to surfing the Net，so they have lost interest in study.很多孩子沉迷于上网，因此他们对学习失去了兴趣。
[自主发现]
①be/get/become addicted to(doing) sth 沉溺于(做)某事；专心(做)某事
②addict oneself to(doing) sth 沉溺于(做)某事
[巩固内化] 单句语法填空
①Learning that you are addicted to table tennis，I am writing to invite you to join the table tennis team in our school.
②Addicted to playing(play) computer games，he has wasted lots of time.
③I discovered an addiction(addict) to housework which I had never felt before.
4.I guess it’s because they’re adults and can’t understand me.(教材P19)我想那是因为他们是成年人，不理解我。
【句式解读】 it’s because...意为“那是因为……”；because在句中引导表语从句，表示原因。
【用法总结】
(1)This/That/It is because...意为“这/那是因为……”。because在这个句型中引导表语从句，表示原因。
(2)The reason why...is/was that...“……的原因是……”，在这个句型中，表语从句常用that引导，而不用because。
①You have made rapid progress；this is because he helps you a lot.
你进步很快，这是因为他帮助你很多。
②The reason why the students favor the first one is that they can carry it with them wherever they go.
学生们喜欢第一个的原因是他们无论去哪都可以随身携带(它)。
[名师提醒] why和because引导的表语从句的区别
That’s why... 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果
That’s because... 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因
③I didn’t phone her，and that’s why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果)我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。
④I didn’t phone her，and that’s because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因)我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。
[巩固内化]
(1)单句语法填空
①—You see，I’m poor in math，but good at English，while you are good at math，but weak in English.
—That’s why we should help each other.
②—Have you heard the news that he was admitted into Beijing University
—Yes，that’s because he worked so hard all the time，so his efforts paid off.
③The reason why Tom came late for the wedding was that he was ill.
(2)同义句转换
④He had an urgent thing to deal with.That was why he didn’t attend the meeting.
→He didn’t attend the meeting.That’s because he had an urgent thing to deal with.
1 I recommend that you talk to your friend about his behaviour. 我建议你和你的朋友聊聊他的行为举止。(教材P18)
归纳 拓展 (1)behave vt.& vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现 behave well/badly to/towards ... 对……态度好/差 behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体 (2)well behaved adj. 表现好的 badly behaved adj. 表现差的 (3)behaviour n. 行为；举止
①His behaviour towards his father was becoming worse and worse.
他对父亲的行为越来越恶劣。
②It's not right for you to behave_badly_to the customers.
你对顾客不好是不对的。
③I do not want to be a so called well behaved child.
我并不想做那些所谓的乖孩子。
2 attract vt. 吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣)(教材P18)
归纳 拓展 (1)attract one's attention/interest 吸引某人的注意/兴趣 attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事 be attracted to sb. 喜爱某人，为某人所吸引 (2)attraction n. 吸引力；诱惑力；有吸引力的地方；有吸引力的事物 (3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的；引人入胜的
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The exhibition, to be held in the City Hall of Xi'an, lasts for seven days from June 6th to 12th, which will attract a large number of visitors at home and abroad.
从6月6日到12日持续七天的展览将在西安市政大厅举办，这将吸引来自国内外的大量游客。
②Recently, the TV program A Bite of China has_attracted_much_attention.
近来，电视节目《舌尖上的中国》吸引了很多人的注意力。
③He was nice looking, but I wasn't_deeply_attracted_to him.
他长得很帅，可我对他不是很有感觉。
④What's the attraction of your going on the stage
是什么吸引你登上舞台的？
⑤Port Louis is an attractive little fishing port.
路易港是个漂亮的小渔港。
3 But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes_it_very_difficult_to_focus_on_other_things_in_life. 但是花费太多时间上网有害健康，并且很难集中精力于生活中的其他事情。(教材P18)
剖析 make在此用作使役动词，其宾语是名词或代词，宾语补足语用名词、形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词等。
归纳 拓展 “make＋宾语＋宾补”结构 (1)当宾语是不定式(的复合结构)或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语后置，构成“make it＋n./adj.＋ to do sth./that ...”结构。 (2)make＋名词/代词＋名词，表示“使某人/某物成为……”，如果宾补是表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，其前不用冠词。 (3)make＋名词/代词＋形容词，表示“使某人/某物……”。 (4)make＋名词/代词＋省略to的不定式，表示“使某人某物做某事”。注意：该结构用于被动语态时，被省略的不定式符号to要还原。 (5)make＋名词/代词＋过去分词，表示“使某人/某物被……”。构成过去分词的动词与宾语(名词/代词)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
①We made_him_captain of our team.
我们让他当队长。
②She has won the game, which made_her_parents_proud.
她赢得了比赛，这让她的父母感到骄傲。
③What he said made_all_of_us_laugh.
＝All of us were_made_to_laugh by what he said.(被动语态)
他的话让我们都大笑起来。
④She couldn't make_herself_heard above the noise of the traffic.
车辆噪音很大，人们无法听到她的声音。
⑤The man made_it_clear_that he wouldn't accept the task.
这个人说得很清楚，他不会接受这个任务。
4 focus vi.& vt. 集中(精力、注意力等)；(使)调节焦距 n. 中心；重点；焦点(教材P18)
归纳 拓展 (1)focus ... on/upon ... 把……集中于 (2)in focus 焦点对准的；清晰的 out of focus 焦点未对准的；不清晰的 (3)focused adj. 注意力集中的
①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused_on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
我们大多数人早晨要比一天中晚些时候更专注于我们的任务。
②He is always the focus of everyone's attention.
他始终是大家关注的中心。
[易混辨析：concentrate/focus]
focus 侧重指把光、热、射线等集中于一点，也可指把思想或精力等集中于某人或某事情上 focus v. 集中； n. 焦点
concentrate 指把人或物集中在一起，也可指把精力或注意力集中于某一事物上 concentrate v. 集中 n. 浓缩物
③You should concentrate_on the road when you are driving.
你在开车时注意力应集中在路上。
④The noise made it hard for me to focus_on work.
噪音让我无法集中注意力工作。
【名师点津】 put one's heart into＝fix one's mind on 集中精力于……
pay one's attention to 专心于……，注意……
be absorbed in 集中精力于……
apply oneself to doing sth. 专心做某事
devote oneself to ... 致力于……
5 addicted adj. 有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的 addict n. 对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人(教材P18)
归纳 拓展 (1)be/become/get addicted to 对……上瘾，沉溺于……(to是介词) (2)addict vt. 使沉溺，沉溺于 addict oneself to 沉溺于…… (3)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的，使……入迷的
①As far as I'm concerned, it's not wise for us to be_addicted_to playing with smart phones because we may ignore other important things in life.
就我个人而言，迷恋于玩智能手机是不明智的，因为我们有可能忽视生活中其他重要的事情。
②Her son addicted_himself_to smoking, which had a bad effect on his health.
她的儿子吸烟上瘾，这对他的健康有很坏的影响。
③She is a TV addict and watches as much as she can.
她是个电视迷，看起电视来没完没了。
④Betting can be as addictive as drinking or smoking.
赌博像酗酒和抽烟一样会上瘾。
【阅读探究】
Understanding in context
I had to choose extra-curricular activities，too.I tried to join the school football team，but the coach told me that I didn’t play well enough.Obviously，I was unhappy，but I won’t quit.I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year.I joined a volunteer club instead.Every Wednesday，we work at a soup kitchen and hand out food to homeless people in the community.
I know I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible for a lot more.I’m a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my advanced course，and it’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework.Still，I’m happy to be here.Studying hard isn’t always fun，but I’ll be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future.
[文化视窗]
a soup kitchen是为救济贫民、灾民而设的食品施舍场所。这里通常有志愿者承办的，向救济对象免费发放或低于市价出售食品的活动。英语中，与soup kitchen 具有类似功能的场所还有meat centre，food kitchen等。
4.quit vi.&vt.(quit，quit)停止；戒掉；离开(工作职位、学校等)
[合作探究] 体会quit的用法和意义
①He quit school at 15 and left home.他15岁辍学后离开了家。
②You must quit smoking.Most important of all，you should start taking exercise.你必须戒烟，最重要的是，你应该开始运动。
[自主发现]
③quit office/school 离职/退学
④quit doing sth 放弃/停止做某事
[巩固内化]
(1)单句语法填空
①Her advice was that you (should) quit drinking(drink).
(2)补全句子
②You’d better quit England(离开英国) and live in a warmer country.
5.be responsible for对……负责
①Parents are responsible for their children’s safety.
父母应负责子女的安全。
[短语记牢] 记牢下列短语
a sense of responsibility 责任感
take responsibility for 对……负责
②You are in charge of the company，so you should take responsibility for what you said.你负责这家公司，所以你应该为你所说的话负责。
③Our school is trying to teach young people to develop a sense of responsibility.
我们的学校试图教育年轻人培养责任感。
[巩固内化] 补全句子
①This will help them build up a sense of responsibility since young.
这将有助于帮助他们从小建立责任感。
②Either I or they are responsible for/take responsibility for the result of the matter.
不是我就是他们要对那件事的结果负责。
6.I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year.
我要想办法提高自己，这样我明年就能进入球队了。
【句式解读】 句中so that引导目的状语从句，表示“为了……，以便……”。
【用法总结】
(1)so that 引导目的状语从句，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词，从句之前不用逗号。
(2)so that引导结果状语从句，意为“以至于；结果”，从句中一般不用情态动词，从句前常有逗号。
(3)so...that...如此……以至于……，that引导结果状语从句，常见形式如下：
so＋＋that...
①The boy put up his hand so that he could catch the teacher’s attention.
这个男孩举起手来，目的是能够引起老师的注意。
②It hadn’t rained for a few months，so that the crops were dried.
好几个月没有下雨了，以至于庄稼都干死了。
③He is so kind that everyone likes to talk with him.
他是如此善良，每个人都喜欢跟他说话。
④We had so little time that we couldn’t finish the work on time.
我们的时间那么少，以至于我们不能按时完成那项工作。
[巩固内化]
(1)单句语法填空
①He was so absorbed in watching the car passing by that he didn’t notice his friends coming.
②He made so little progress that his parents felt disappointed.
(2)补全句子
③He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.
他早起床以便赶上早班车。
④It was so cold a day that there was nobody on the street.
天气非常寒冷，以至于街上没有人。
【句型梳理】
1.主谓(S V)
在此句型中，谓词为不及物动词，不能接宾语，但能表达完整的意义。
The door opened.门开了。
2.主谓宾(S V O)
在此句型中谓词为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，它必须跟一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能表达一个完整的意思。
She teaches English.她教英语。
3.主系表(S P)
在此句型中的谓词是系动词，后面必须接表语才能表达完整的意义。
The flower smells sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。
4.主谓宾宾(S V IO DO)
此句型中的谓词带两个宾语(双宾语)，前一个为间接宾语(通常指人)，后一个为直接宾语(通常指物)。
Mr Smith lent me his car.
→Mr Smith lent his car to me.
史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。
[名师提醒] 句子结构可以是：“主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾”或“主＋谓＋直宾＋to/for＋间宾”。
5.主谓宾宾补(S V O C)
此句型中的谓词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词，也就是说，这些动词除了有一个直接宾语外，还要加上宾语补足语，句子的意义才能完整。
The news made us surprised.
这消息使我们很吃惊。
[名师提醒] 可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语：如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则该动词接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。
6.主谓状(S V A)
在此句型中，谓词也为不及物动词，但其后必须带有状语，否则结构不全，意义不完整。
They lived in Beijing.他们住在北京。
7.主谓宾状(S V O A)
在此句型中，谓词是及物动词，其后不但必须有宾语，而且宾语之后必须带状语，否则结构不全，意义不明确。
She put all the books on the desk.
她把所有的书都放在桌上了。
8.存现句(There be...结构)
英语表示某时某处存在某物/某人时，常用There＋be...结构。其基本句型是“there＋be＋主语＋其他(状语、定语等)”。
There is a small pool at the foot of the mountain.
山脚下有一个小池塘。
[名师提醒] There在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词be是谓词，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语取得单复数方面的一致。
首段常用句型：
I'm sory you have trouble in...
You have asked me for my advice about...
I am writing to exprees my views on/concerning...
You have asked for some advice concerning....and I will try to give you my suggestions.
提出建议时常用的句型:
I think it would be a good idea if...
In my opinion, it would be wise to...
I suggest that you should...
In my opinion, you'd better...
I advise you to...
If I were you, I would...
Why not... /Why don't you...
结尾段常用的句型:
I hope you will find these proposals (suggestions/ tips)practical/ useful/helpful.
I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in more detail.
I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my suggestions.
In the end, I will be glad if you find my suggestions useful.
I hope you will take my advice into account.
I will be glad if you will consider my tips.
1. It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world.
"It is （not）unusual for sb. to do sth."是形式主语句型， “某人做某事并不是很特殊（或很常见）”
It is unusual for my brother to go shopping.
我弟弟很少购物。
2.Why not discuss the problem together？
解析：Why not do sth. 用来表示建议，意为“为什么不做某事？”还可以用"Why don't you do sth. "这种形式。
拓展：why not的三种含义：
① 表示建议，意为“为什么不做……呢？做……如何？”；
②表示对否定陈述的回答，意为“为什么不；为什么是那样？”；
③表示同意，意为“当然可以，好啊”。
why not 跟不带to的动词不定式，用来提出建议，表示“为什么不…… ”， 即 Why not do. . . =Why don't/won't you do . . . Why is it that... 为什么…… (强调句）
①Why not try again 为何不再试一下？
②Why is it that parents only pay attention to us when we get into trouble
为什么父母只有在我们遇到麻烦的时候才注意到我们呢？
③－We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.
－Yes, why not I'll give them a call right now.
－我们可以邀请 John和 Barbara 参加星期五的晚会。
－好啊，为什么不呢？我马上给他们打电话。
【语法解析】
1.基本概念
定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
先行词：被定语从句所修饰说明的词称为先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
2.关系代词引导的定语从句
（1）who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The man who is talking with my father is a teacher.
正和我父亲说话的那个人是教师。（作主语）
The girl（who）I met yesterday was his sister.
我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。（作宾语）
（2）whom指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略，不能作主语。
The man（whom）you met just now is my father.
你刚刚遇到的人是我父亲。（作宾语）
The teacher（whom）you are waiting for is coming.
你等的那位老师来了。（作宾语）
（3）whose既可指人，也可指物。其后接名词，与先行词构成从属关系，在从句中作定语。
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.
我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。（作定语）
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.
没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。（作定语）
（4）which只指物，不指人，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
Guilin is a city which has a history of 2，000 years.
桂林是一个有2 000年历史的城市。（作主语）
The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring（which）he had lost on the train.
那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。（作宾语）
（5）that既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
There is a film（that）I'd like to see.
有一部电影我想去看。（作宾语）
The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。（作主语）
温馨提示：①关系代词指代先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此
定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
译：昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。
误：The film（that/which）we saw it last night is very frightening.
正：The film（that/which）we saw last night is very frightening.
②关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
Is that the girl（whom/who/that）you spoke of the other day？那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？
3.只用that不用which的情况
（1）当先行词是all，everything，nothing，much，any，little 等不定代词，或被no，little，all等修饰时。
He did everything that he could for me.
他为我做了他所能做的所有的事。
No news that he tells us is good.
他告诉我们的消息没有一个是好的。
（2）当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the very，the only修饰时。
This is the best film that I have seen.
这是我所看过的最好的电影。
This is the very book that I've been looking for.
这正是我一直在找的那本书。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
（3）当先行词既含有表示人的名词又含有表示物的名词时。
They talked about the men and the things that they saw in the country.
他们谈到了在那个国家见到的人和事。
（4）当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night？
他昨晚住的是哪家旅馆？
温聲提示：①关系代词在从句中作主语时，根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单
复数。
He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.（the only one为先行词）
He is one of the students who have passed the exam.（the students为先行词）
②关系代词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语时（这时介
词不能在关系代词前）常可省略。
The boy（that/who/whom）we saw last night was Li Ming.
一、名词短语(noun phrase,简称NP)
定义:名词短语是指由几个名词或名词及其修饰语构成的短语。它是英语句子的核心组成部分。
构成:名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系:一是放在被修饰名词的前面,叫做前置定语或定语;二是放在被修饰名词的后面,叫做后置定语。
具体形式:
1.两个或多个名词可以由 and等对等连词连接,构成名词短语
2.冠词作修饰语,可与后面的名词构成名词短语
3.名词本身作修饰语,可与后面的名词构成名词短语
4. 形容词作修饰语,可与后面的名词构成名词短语。
5.介词及其宾语作修饰语,可与前面的名词构成名词短语。
6.不定式或不定式短语作修饰语,可与前面的名词构成名词短语。
7.分词作修饰语,可与后面的名词构成名词短语。
8.动名词作修饰语,可与后面的名词构成名词短语。
功能:名词短语可以在句中充当主语、宾语、宾补等。
The handsome young man is Jim'sbrother.
那个英俊的年轻人是吉姆的兄弟。(作主语)
I learn that you're coming to visit one of your Chinese friends.
我知道你要来拜访你的一个中国朋友。(作宾语)
We made him our group leader.
我们让他当我们的组长。(作宾补)
二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase,简称AdjP)
定义:形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。
构成:
1.两个或多个形容词可以由 and, but等并列连词连接,构成形容词短语。
2.very, enough等程度副词作修饰语,可与形容词构成形容词短语。
3.介词及其宾语可用在形容词后作修饰语,可与形容一起构成形容词短语。
4.不定式在形容词后作修饰语,与形容词一起构成形容词短语。
功能:形容词短语可作定语、表语、宾补和状语等。
Li Ming is a high school student always ready to help others.
李明是一名高中生,总是乐于助人。(作定语)
China is rich in natural resoures.
中国自然资源丰富。(作表语)
We found them tired and sleepy at home.
我们发现他们在家又累又困。(作宾补)
Much interested, he agreed to give it a try.
他很感兴趣,答应试一试。(作状语)
三、 副词短语(Adverb Phrase,简称AdvP)
定义：副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语，副词短语以副词为核心词,同时整个短语在句子中仍然为副词的功能。
构成：
1. 两个或多个副词可以由 and,but 等对等连词连接构成副词短语
2. very,quite, extremely等程度副词作修饰语,可与其他副词构成副词短语。
3. 介词及其宾语可用在副词后修饰副词,可与副词构成副词短语。
功能:副词短语可修饰动词、形容词、副词和介词等;主要在句中作状语,表示时间、地点、方式等意义,还可作表语、定语、宾补等。
Jim spoke so quickly that no one could understand him.
吉姆说得那么快,谁也听不懂他的话。(作状语,表原因)
The doctor came back quite recently.
那位医生最近回来了。(作状语,表时间)
She types quickly and correctly.
她打字快且准确。(作状语,表方式)
The teacher speaks clearly enough.
老师说得够清楚。(作状语,表方式)
【巩固练习】
1.Knowing these causes can make us examine our ________ (behave) , and correct bad habits.
2.The author takes novel reading as a way to get away from a _______(confuse) world.
3.Li suggests traditional Chinese clothes while Su thinks the school uniforms are more ________(suit).
4.I had learned in the ________ (系) of English for four years before I graduated.
5.Imagine a future where most _______(成年人) own individual self-driving vehicles.
6.It seems that _____ (read) English is easier than speaking it.
7.The ending of the film made him a little _____ (confuse).
8.The incident brought the problem of violence in schools into a sharp _____ (焦点).
9.Being _____ (上瘾的) to online games does damage to our health.
10.When her son _____ (毕业) from high school, Ann moved to a small town.
参考答案
1.答案：behaviour
解析：句意:了解这些原因可以让我们审视自己的行为, 纠正坏习惯。根据our可知所填的词是名词形式。behaviour意为 "行为"。
2.答案：confusing
解析：考查词形转换。句意:作者把阅读小说作为一种摆脱令人闲惑的世界的方法。-ing形容词多用来修饰事物.-ed形容词多用来修饰人。
3.答案：suitable
解析： 考查形容词 设空处为表语，故应用形容词形式suitable。
4.答案：department
解析：
5.答案：adults
解析：句意: 想象一下, 未来大多数成年人都拥有自己的自动驾驶汽车。根据most可知要用adult的复数形式。
6.答案：reading
解析：
7.答案：confused
解析：
8.答案：focus
解析：
9.答案：addicted
解析：
10.答案：graduated
解析：