(共34张PPT)
解密高中英语语法
第1讲 主谓一致
主讲:Trailblazer
主谓一致
指主语和谓语关系上保持一致。
CONTENTS
1
2
语法形式一致
语法意义一致
3
就近原则
语法形式一致
根据语法要求,表层语言系统的统一
PART 1
DREAM OF THE FUTURE
1. 语法形式一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;
主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
1. 不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语,谓语动词一般用单数。
To see is to believe.
What you see is true.
Seeing is believing.
2. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等概念的名词作主语时,通常被
看作整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
Three dollars is a lot of money for a girl.
3. 如果主语后面带有
as well as,with,along with,together with,
in addition to,but,except,besides,
including, rather than等
谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
The mother as well as their kids is here.
4. more than one / many a +单数名词
作主语, 谓语动词通常用单数形式;
Many a student is important.
PART 2
DREAM OF THE FUTURE
语法意义一致
根据表达语义,深层语义的统一
1. 语法意义一致是谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。。
主语形式为单数,但意义是复数,那么谓语也用复数形式;
主语形式为复数,但意义是单数,那么谓语需用单数形式。
一类集体名词
表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;
强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式。
常见的这类名词有:army, audience, class, family, team, crew, crowd, club, party, staff, committee, enemy, government, group, public, population等。
集合名词
二类集合名词
如cattle, people, police等,
通常看作复数,谓语动词必须用复数。
People tend to appear beautiful.
集合名词
三类集合名词
如baggage/ luggage, furniture, clothing, jewelry, machinery等
都是不可数名词,谓语动词只用单数。
集合名词
单复数同形的名词作主语,应根据其意义来决定谓语形式。
常见的这类名词
deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, means, works(工厂)等。
单复数同形名词作主语
常用不定代词each, every one, no one, either, neither, another
something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, someone, anyone, everyone
作主语时,谓语动词均用单数。
不定代词作主语
表示整体概念的名词
如:学科、机构、书名 、剧名等
作主语,谓语动词通常用单数。
Physics is useful.
整体概念名词
more + 复数名词+than one
作主语, 谓语动词通常用复数形式。
More books than one are deserted.
固定短语
表成双成对的名词作主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式。
如:trouser, shoe, chopstick, sunglass等。
有a pair of, a kind of等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数。
复数型名词
1. 分数/百分数/a lot of/plenty of/the rest of/the majority of/half of/most of/some of... +名词
短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。
Three fifths of the water is wasted.
固定短语
quantities of +名词 谓语动词用复数形式。
a quantity of + 名词 谓语动词用单数形式。
固定短语
2. “the+形容词”表示一类人
在句中作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
The young are inexperienced.
语法规则
关系代词who, that, which等
在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。
There are people who love me.
定语从句
4. “a number of+名词复数” 作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式; “the number of+名词复数” 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of people are happy.
The number of people is happy.
固定短语
PART 3
DREAM OF THE FUTURE
就近原则
仅限于几个特殊单词
1. 就近原则是谓语动词与邻近主语在关系上保持一致。
就近原则
就近原则
1. 由or,nor, either... or..., neither... nor..., not only... but also..., not... but... 等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数常和它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons.
完全倒装句
2. 在倒装句中谓语动词的单复数形式常与后面最接近的主语一致。
表时间的副词(如: now, then 等) 、
运动方向的副词(如:out, in, up, down, away 等)
地点介词短语置于句首, 且主语是名词(不是代词) , 需用完全倒装。
谓语动词多为 come, fall, follow,exist, lie, go, remain, run 等,
时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。
In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.
Now comes your turn!
Under the table sleeps a white cat.
完全倒装句
3. There/Here+谓语+主语 句型中,主语是两个或多个并列名词时,
be的形式与最邻近的主语保持一致,属于完全倒装句。 常用于此句型的
谓语动词为 be, go, come, exist, follow, remain, lie等,
时态要用一般现在时。
There are three tables, a vase and a computer in my bedroom.
部分倒装句
4. 否定词 never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely,rarely 及
表否定意义的介词短语 at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by
no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。
部分固定句型如 so/neither/nor do I ;
only +状语;
not until ...
Young as she is, ...
要点总结
1、语法形式一致。
2、语法意义一致。
3、就近原则。
TIPS
TIPS
TIPS
TIPS
注意事项提醒
1
2
3
4
写作中的运用
阅读中的辅助理解
理解语法化
强化语感
Homework
作业布置
及时复习
多次复习
过度复习
Thank you!