(共40张PPT)
考查事实细节：
猜测生词含义：
推理判断：
归纳主旨大意：
推测作者的态度、意图和目的：
阅读理解考查题型
（一）事实性细节题
对时间、地点、特征、方式、数字等的寻找
对原因、结果、事实的正确理解
常用提问方式：
1. According to the passage, who (what, why, where, when，how many/much, how long)….
2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is (not) true
通常是特殊疑问句或判断句子正误
1.He / she should have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/ she should have work experience in a restaurant.
The ad tells us that______
A. The assistant must be a man.
B. The assistant must have once worked in a restaurant.
C. Pucci pizza has branches all over China.
D. Every one should be interested in making pizza
B
事实理解题解题技巧：
事实细节题一般在:
1文中有原句；
2找相关信息进行比对;
3找近义词或同义句;
4进行简单数学计算;
在读文章时把这些信息划下来
（二） 猜测词义
词汇题是询问文章中出现的某个词、词组或
句子含义的题型。
常见的提问方式有：
1) The word ….. refers to _____
2) The underlined ….. probably means _______
1、根据定义、释义、举例或复述猜词
常用的：be, be called, mean，破折号或定语从句等来表示。
Well, I’ve relearned it. I hope I have time left
to enjoy the successes of others and to take pleasure in the day. That’s the heart of the watermelon.
“the heart of the watermelon” refers to___.
A. the best part of the watermelon.
B. the writer’s busy life
C. the writer’s decision of making money.
D. the writer’s hope of enjoying life.
D
2、根据上下文情景和逻辑进行判断
As they go around town, they help people.
When they find lost children, they take the
children home. If they see a fight, they put an end to it right away.
They know all the streets and roads well.
Often people ask them how to get to a place in town.
In the text, “put an end to” means ___
A. stop B. cut C. kill D. fly
A
There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand.
What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese _________
A. 自来水 B. 大气 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽
D
and
3、根据关联词来猜测
3、根据关联词来猜测
表示因果关系的：
表示同义关系的：
表示反义关系的：
because, as, since, for, so, as a result…
and, like, just as…the same as….
but, however, though, although, yet, instead (of)
演练1
A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful.
It gives us some interesting phrases .
One is “to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret”
Now when someone lets out a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”
Q:John lets the cat out of the bag” means he
A. makes everyone know a secret.
B. the woman bout a cat.
C. buys a cat in the bag.
D. sells the cat in the bag.`
A
If you want to be a musician, you usually have to move to an area that has a lot of jobs, such as New York City. The cost of living in these areas is usually very high. The third disadvantage is that you can’t have a stable family life. Different jobs will take a musician to different places, so most musicians are unable to have a regular family.
What does the underlined word “stable” mean in Chinese __________
A. 幸福的 B. 稳定的 C. 健康的 D.和谐的
B
（三）推理判断
考查逻辑推理能力、语言分析能力和综合归纳能力。
下面哪些方式属于推理判断题？
We can infer(推断) from the story that____
What’s the passage mainly about
It can be inferred from the passage that ____
According to the story, what would happen next
The first paragraph tells us that _______
What can we learn from the passage
√
√
√
√
1、事实推理：先在文章中找出据以推断的文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news.
According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV _______
You often play football with your friends after school.
Your teacher has got a cold.
A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t been caught.
The bike in front of your house is lost.
C
danger
bad
When you cough or sneeze, please turn your head away
from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your
hand. Afterwards, you should say, “Excuse me.” This is a
rule I set for my students. It is so simple, but many kids
have never been told to do this.
What does the underlined word “this” mean _
Don’t cough or sneeze in front of people
Don’t stand beside someone who coughs or sneezes.
Many people cough or sneeze on the underground train.
Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing and say sorry.
D
解题技巧：推断题在文章无法直接找到答案，须在正确理解文章字面意思的基础上，运用逻辑推理的方法，综合主旨句、主题句和上下文信息以及作者的措辞，作出总结性的判断。同时要特别注意代词所指代的对象
（四）归纳主旨大意:主要包括主题思想、写作意图、文章的题目等
常见的提问方式有：
蜜桃派 带有 main title、topic purpose
的句子
Can you find the topic sentence
All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind.
Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and
the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life
in order to live, and together they form a food chain .Some
food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.
2. Reading is a good habit, but the problem is , there’s too much to read these days, and too little time to read every word of it. There are hundreds of skills to help you read more in less time. Here are two skills that I think are especially good.
_____________
_______________________
解题技巧：此类题目多出现于议论文和说明文。要确定文章的主题思想，最重要的是要找到主题句。主题句一般在段首或段尾，有时也在中间。
The Palace Museum， also known as the Forbidden City， is shaping a new image for itself with technology， it brings 600 years of history and culture closer to visitors．
The museum opened websites in Chinese and English． Visitors could check the latest information and book tickets on there before their trip． Interestingly， to attract more young visitors， there is also a website for children． It shows information and notices in short sentences with colorful cartoons．
5）What's the best title of the passage？
A． A Successful Technology
B． With Technology
C． A New Image of the Palace Museum D． History and Traditional Culture
1. 找头
Any introduction to Peking Opera would not be complete without telling of Mei Lanfangs contributions. During his stage life, he combined(a)the traditions of the past and his own creations, creating a style of his own and giving birth to"The Mei Lanfang choo".He was also the first artist to introduce Peking Opera to foreigners, winning international fame() in the world. For half a century, Mei Lanfang was a household name in China
Opera.
(3)What is the main idea of the passage
A Mei Lanfang's great contributions to Peking Opera
B. The creations of soap opera
C. The history of Chinatown
D. A household name in China
___________________
The balalaika, also called"Russian guitar, is a traditional Russian musical instrument. It has a long neck, a woodehtriangle shaped body and strings. It is usually used to play Russian music by plucking the strings with fingers or a pick
Russians like the balalaika. The music played with it can be cheerful, as if the farmers were dancing happily to celebrate their harvest. It can also be energetic, as if the workers were working hard to make their country richer and stronger.
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A. Balalaika: The"Russian Guitar"for the Poor
B. Russia: The Home of Famous Balalaika Musicians
C. Balalaika: A Traditional Russian Musical Instrument
D. Russia: The International Hand-made Balalaika Factory
___________________
Whare does your food come from How is it made These days, many people worry about food. As we all know, food is closely connected to our daily life. We should take actions to make food.
What's the best title of the passage
A Food
B. Food safety
C. Food problems
D Testing food
2. 自问自答是答案
Have you ever paid for educational podcasts or live videos Ask some people and most of them will say yes."pay-for-knowledge"has been more and more fashionable these years. The contents of these pay-for-knowledge"products are from language learning to gardening or baby -caring. Everything you think of can be found online at this moment. "pay-for-knowledge"is on the rise but you have to choose wisely.
(4) The main purpose of this passage is to
A recommend the"pay-for-knowledge"products to people
B. advise everyone to learn knowledge by themselves online
C remind people to choose"pay-for-knowledge"products wisely
D. teach parents how to buy some online courses for their children
_______________________
Is there a connection between music and language According to recent studies？The answer is yes: Music helps develop certain language abilities in the brain.
A study from Northwestern University shows that playing a musical instrument can improve a persons hearing ability. As a part of the study, two groups of people listened to a person talking in a noisy room.
What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To introduce different ways of playing music
B. To give some advice about making our brain active
C. To show the relationship between music and language abilities
D. To share the results of recent studies on treating stroke patients
3. 转折：好意外吧
however, yet, while, but
Consider your emotions. you might think that emotions are the enemy of decision making. but in fact they are a part of it. Whenever you make up your mind, your brains emotional centre is active. University of Southern California scientist, Antonio amasia, has studied people with damage to only the emotional parts of their brains
Whats the passage mainly about
A Emotions are a part of decision-making
B. Sad people always make worse choices
C. No emotion seems to help us make good choices
D. Only sad feeling affect our thinking and motivation
you might not think much about where your garbage goes. But now you might want to know how to sort garbage. On July1， Shanghai introduced a new garbage- sorting policy(垃圾分类政策)
People there need to put different kinds of garbage into different bins. Other cities in China will do the same soon
Garbage sorting is a big problem because there is too much garbage these days. It is bad for our environment. In fact, we can make use of some garbage again
(5)Which is the best title for the passage
A. Sort Garbage, Save Earth
B. Less Garbage, Cleaner Environment
C. Clean Shanghai, Beautiful China
D. Different Countries, Different Policies
中文附近是考点
To err is human. To blame (责备) the other guy is even more human. Common sense is not al that common. These three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语) are meant to be jokes， and yet they tell us a lot about human nature
To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don't want to accept the responsibility for the pro original quote about human nature went like this: "
3. What would be the best title for this passage
A. A Mirror of Human Nature
B. To Blame or to Forgive
C. A Mark of Maturity
D. Truth or Excuse
还是找不到？
每段的开头第一句/最后一段
Let's try
（五）作者的意图、态度和目的题
1、作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及修饰手段中体会出来。
常见的提问方式有：
(1) What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage
(2) The writer probably feels that ______
(3) What is the writer’s main point
(4) What is the writer’s attitude towards…
(5) In the passage the writer tries to tell us that _______
(6) The writer suggest(暗示) that __________
(7) The writer wants to prove that ___________
题目都是围绕作者的意图、目的和态度
解题技巧: 想作者所想，忘记你所想
Today I can iron pretty well. I know where to start on a shirt and the right way to do the trousers. Now when I think about it, I don’t think she is an old lady. I think she might have been about my age now. Anyway, when I iron, I think of her and silently thank her for all the things I learned.
Now the writer ____________
A. is still afraid of the lady
B. hates the strict lady.
C. admires the disabled lady.
D. is very grateful to the lady.
D
( ) 1. Some people who hold a high position in the government think they can ________.
( ) 2. The underlined word “wealthy” means________ in the article.
( ) 3. We can infer（推断） that Many people find it happy to __________.
( ) 4. The passage mainly tells us ________.
( ) 5. The writer thinks the secret of happiness is that people ________
考查事实细节
归纳主旨大意
推理判断
猜测生词
推测作者的意图、态度、目的
2. Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to your health.
4. The boy had a happy family before. However, after the war, he became homeless.
Wealthy means having lots of money.
5. You must stop dreaming and face reality.
(富裕的，有钱的）
(有害的)
(现实)
3. My mother-in-law, my husband’s mother, was a teacher.
(婆婆)
(无家可归的）
2. 逻辑推理型
2) 根据计算判断
If everyone sets their air conditioning (空调)at 26℃,Beijing will save 400 million kilowatt-hours(千瓦时) of electricity in one summer. That’s one-third of all the usage of the city in the season,” said a TV advertisement.
Beijing will use______ million kilowatt-hours electricity in one summer. A. 1200 B. 800 C. 400
一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：
A
2. 逻辑推理型
1） 根据常识判断
One day we invited some friends to dinner. When it was about six o’clock, my wife found that we had little bread. So she asked our five-year-old daughter, Kathy, to buy some.
One day, Kathy’s parents invited some friends to________.
A.have breakfast B. have lunch
C. have supper D. have a party.
C
一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：
4.理解词句含义型
Now there are many houses around the lake. people often use chemicals in their gardens. They use other chemicals inside their houses for cleaning or killing insects (昆虫). There are also many businessmen. Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops.
“Chemical” in the story means_______.
A. 化学家 B 污染品 C 药品 D. 化学制品
D
一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：
The ways of guessing the new words in context:
A. 利用构词法进行猜测
根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。如，care(小心) →careful(小心的) →carefully (小心地);
write(写) → rewrite (改写)。
un- ; dis-;-less : ; mis-: ;
re-: ; -ern:
-er ,-or, -ist : ;
2. 根据“合成词”猜测。
如school + bag → schoolbag
down+stairs → downstairs
不无
错误
再,重复,重新
表方向
表示人
rebuild
modernize
misleading
understandable
misunderstan-ding
合理的
误解
重建
现代化
误导人的
1. A lot of the world’s natural resources like oil come from poor countries.
A. 环境 B. 资源 C. 汽油
2. The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.
A. cap B. rainshoes C.glasses
3. My mom was a little heavy. And I was almost as plump as my mom.
A. fat B. slim C. medium built
4. Children have schoolbags with two straps to carry them.
A. pockets B. shoulder girdle C. bags
√
√
√
√中考英语冲刺·阅读理解
专题训练1
A
Sore necks are very common these days. How to avoid a sore neck Here are the things you should know.
●Take precautions (预防措施 ) after an unusual activity. Many people report having a pain in their necks after doing something that they don’t often do, such as a new exercise or packing and moving.
If you know you’ve done something that puts you a risk, massage(按摩)your neck, do it with different exercises and take a warm bath before bed.
●Make sure your workstation is correct. If you work long hours at a desk you may want to make sure that your work environment is set up to be the most relaxing. Make sure that your body is being treated right.
Keep your feet on the floor. This will often depend on how high your chair is, so adjust(调整) it in time to achieve good results.
●Change your posture often. Sitting in one position for long periods of time is not healthy. Sit with your back straight for most of the time. Take a 5-minute break if you can and walk around every hour.
●Exercise. Find something — swimming, running or climbing - that makes you excited and feel alive. Make it into a unusual way. Your body will feel better and your mind will feel more relaxed.
1. In Paragraph 5, the underlined word “it” refers to(指) .
A. the desk B. the chair C. your neck D. your body
2. The underlined word “posture” in Paragraph 6 probably means “ ” in Chinese.
A. 姿势 B. 方向 C.方式 D. 状态
3. can avoid a sore back according to the passage.
A. Making your work environment be quiet
B. Sitting with back straight for a moment
C. Packing and moving for a long time
D. Exercising often like swimming or running
4.After doing something unusual, you may do the following things except .
A doing it with different exercises B. massaging your neck
C. taking a warm bath before bed D. looking at your phone for too long
5.This passage mainly tells us .
A. how to do exercise well B. exercising often is good for people
C. how to avoid a sore neck D. being healthy is the most important
1
B
The first time my wife Linda gave birth was in a hospital.
When Linda got pregnant ( 怀孕) for the second time, we wanted a home birth, not just for ourselves, but for our daughter. We are very open with our daughter. We want to teach her respect and awe(敬畏) for the things of bodies. So she was part of the process from the very beginning.
In the morning the midwives came just as Linda was climbing into the birth tub(盆).Our daughter offered her mom water and food while she rested. When she found the noise and activity of birth, she was too nervous to stay long, so she spent a few minutes next to the tub, then went into another room to play. The midwives called her back in time to see her brother come into the world. As Linda pulled our tiny newborn son up, our daughter and I rushed to her side. All four of us hugging and crying and very excited.
That night, and many times since then, our daughter said: “I’m so proud of Mom for having a baby.” She has seen and admired the effort it takes to bring a new person into the world. It’s a part of her life, something that can happen in the same room where she colors and watches movies.
It was crucial that our daughter was part of that experience, not just for her, but for Linda and me as well. Everything we wanted for her— trusted care providers; a very familiar environment; continuing support; good food — were things we needed but didn't have the first time Linda gave birth. We crossed this threshold(门槛) together, as a family, and it was messy and scary and painful and unusual and mysterious and really perfect.
6. The writer of this passage is probably .
A. a father B. a mother C. a daughter D. a son
7. What does the underlined word “midwives” probably mean .
A. carefully hardworking cooks B. specially trained nurses
C. truly talented singers D. very friendly drivers
8. From the last paragraph, we can see in fact the writer .
A. didn't want her wife Linda to give birth in the family
B. didn't want their family to cross the threshold together
C. thought it was crucial that their daughter was not part of the experience
D. wanted her daughter to know that she was trusted and needed in the family
9. According to the passage we can see .
A. the writer's first child is a son
B. there are five people in the writer's family now
C. the writer's daughter saw her brother come into the world
D. the writer wanted a home birth, only just for their daughter
10. Which is the best title(标题) for this passage'
A. My First Child Was Born in a Hospital.
B. The Second Child in My Happy Family.
C. A Messy and Painful and Unusual Family.
D. Why Did We Choose a Home Birth for Our Second Child
C
After wandering （闲逛）around in the city for a long time， Tom finally found himself standing in front of the palace．He looked through its golden gate， hoping to take a look at a real prince（王子）．
There were some guards（卫兵） standing at both sides of the gate. Tom, dressed badly, was moving nervously past them when he suddenly caught sight of a well-dressed boy who was followed by several servants．He was no doubt the prince！
Tom was excited．He wanted to get close to the prince and have a good look at him．However， a guard saw him and stopped him rudely（粗鲁地）．
The young prince， whose name was Edward， was angry with the guard for his rudeness．He asked the guard to open the gate and took Tom to his room in the palace．
The two boys became good friends．They even exchanged their clothes after Tom told Edward that he had dreamt about dressing like a prince. As they stood side by side in front of a great mirror， they were surprised to find that they looked almost like twins!
The two boys were in each other's clothes when Edward suddenly noticed a bruise（淤伤） on Tom's hand．He soon realized that it was caused by the guard who had stopped Tom rudely．In a moment， the young prince ran out of the room．He decided to punish the guard．
However, the guard didn't realize that the prince was in Tom's old worn clothes．He hit Edward heavily on the ear and threw him out of the palace．
11．Why did Tom look through the gate of the palace？
A．To talk with the guard．
B．To ask for a place to live in．
C．To have a look at a real prince．
12．How did Tom feel while moving past the guards？
A．Nervous． B．Excited． C．Proud．
13．When Tom was stopped， Edward got mad because of ．
A．the bad manners of Tom
B．the strict rules of the palace
C．the rude behavior of the guard
14．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A．Edward and Tom were twin brothers．
B．Edward was kind， caring and friendly．
C．Edward was tired of living in the palace．
15. We can infer（推断） from the passage that ．
A．blood is thicker than water
B．two heads are better than one
C．never judge people by their looks
D
Clothes are traditionally made of natural materials, such as cotton, leather and wool. They are all from plants or animals, but that doesn’t mean they’re friendly to the earth. For example, farmers have to use a lot of chemicals to grow cotton plants.
Scientists are now looking for new ways to make clothing materials. They hope the new materials are both comfortable and good for the earth. Scientists have worked out how to make materials out of corn husks(棉籽), chicken feathers and rice straws.
“They used to be useless things. We always have a problem of how to deal with them,” Yang, a scientist says, “Now, we can turn them into beautiful materials. Chicken feathers are better than other things. They have small air pockets like honeycombs. That means it will be very warm if you use them to make a jacket or sweater, and I think more and more people will like to buy these kings of clothes.”
16. Clothes are traditionally made of ______
A. natural materials. B. chicken feather. C. rice straws. D. grass straws
17. What are the new clothing materials
A. corn husks and rice straws. B. cotton and wool. C. leather and wool. D. Wool and metal
18. What does the underlined word “honeycombs” in paragraph 3 mean in Chinese
A. 鸟巢 B. 蜂窝 C. 渔网 D.草地
19. Why are chicken feathers better than other materials
A. They are from plants.
B. They are traditional clothing materials.
C. They have small air pockets like honeycombs.
D. They are from animals
20. What’s the best title of this passage
A. New clothing materials. B. New clothes C. Natural materials. D. New inventions
1-5 BADDC
6-10 ABDCD
11-15 CACBC
16-20 AABCA
