【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题三 代 词(解析卷)
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
代词种类繁多,按照其不同的含义和作用代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用,在历年高考试题中都有体现。代词的种类和变化错综复杂,特别是不定代词的特点以及在语境中的用法,注意区别词义相近或相关的不定代词,避免在实际应用中混淆,并且特别要注意结合具体语言环境区分各类代词的不同用法。
主要考查要点:
1. 代词it的用法;
2. 不定代词one的用法;
3. 指示代词that的用法;
4. 不定代词在具体语境中的区别。
【考点剖析】
一、人称代词
例1:(2021年 新高考I卷) As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit!
【答案】 mine
【解析】 句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。我的确是这样做的,你去中国的时候,一定要游览一下黄山!考查代词。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知,本句为does指代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory;I的形容词物主代词是my,名词性物主代词是mine。所以填mine。
例2:(20219年高考 天津卷)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________ who are not.
A. ones B. those C. these D. them
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。该句子的考点主要是考查指示代词和代词宾格的问题,同时考查代词在比较级中的使用和在定语从句中做先行词的用法。空格处代词与the students是对应关系,可以用the ones或者those替代。ones泛指人或物,而该句的先行词是特指,指代的是那些“不参加课外活动的学生”;those特指人或物,可做先行词来引导定语从句;these同this一样不可做先行词来引导定语从句;them为they的宾格,不可引导定语从句。所以选择答案B。
例3:(2018年高考 天津春)Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need _______ to complete the things you want to do.
A.it B. that C. them D. ones
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:专业技能像刀子和锤子一样是工具。你需要它们来完成你想做的事情。考查代词。it特指同类同物,用于指代可数名词单数或不可数名词;that同类不同物,特指可数名词单数或不可数名词;them特指,用于指代可数名词的复数;ones泛指可数名词的复数形式。此处指代可数名词复数tools作宾语。所以选择C。
例4:(2018年 江苏南京模拟试卷) We come from different cultures, and carry with ________ different histories.
A.it B. that C. us D. them
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:我们来自不同的文化,身上承载着不同的历史。考查固定搭配。理顺后半句语序and carry different histories with ________ 可知:空处作介词宾语,需用人称代词we的宾格形式。所以选择答案C。
【技巧提示】 在分析句子时,先确定句中缺少的成分,注意人称代词在句子中充当的成分是主格或宾格或者所有格等成分后即可迎刃而解。
二、代词it的用法
例1:(2021年高考 全国乙卷) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism has ___63___(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
【答案】 its
【解析】 句意:生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。考查代词。根据空格后名词origin可知,此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。所以用its。
例2:(2021年高考 哈市模拟试卷) She hurried and made ________ home just in time to see her son before he went to bed.
A.herself B. this C. that D. it
【答案】D
【解析】 句意:她匆忙赶回家刚好在儿子睡觉前看到了他。考查代词it的用法。make it在此处指在困难情况下能准时到家;it为形式宾语,指代作宾语的动词不定式短语。故答案选D。
例3:(2018年高考 天津一模试卷) The new online library makes ________ possible for students to choose books by smartphone off campus.
A.it B. one C. that D. this
【答案】A
【解析】 句意:新的网上图书馆使学生在校园外也能通过智能手机选择书籍。考查代词。固定句型:make+it+adj.+for sb.+to do sth. 意为“使做……对某人来说……”,其中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为不定式短语。one泛指可数名词单数;that特指前面的可数名词单数或不可数名词;this表近指“这个”。所以选择答案选A。
【技巧提示】 it除了可以在主语从句和宾语从句中充当形式主语和形式宾语外,还可以替代不定式和动名词作形式主语和宾语。所以需要正确分析句子成分,把握it所在位置的功能,判断出it所作的成分。
三、不定代词one的用法
例1:(2021年高考 全国甲卷)… Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they’re of the same age and can understand each other. Some will tum out (去掉) to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little (改为few) choose to deal with the problems on our (考查代词用法) own…
【答案】 our 改为→ their
【解析】句意:……许多学生说,他们会和朋友或同学交谈,因为他们年龄相仿,能够相互理解。有些人会向父母或老师求助。只有少数人选择自己解决问题…… 考查代词。On one’s own表示靠自己。这里省略主语students,主语相当于Only a little students,其后应该是their。所以our改为their。
例2:(2018年高考 天津滨海新区七所重点学校毕业联考)“Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making power, ________ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.
A. the one that B. one that C. one D. the one
【答案】C
【解析】 句意:《中国制造2025》旨在将中国从一个制造工厂转变为一个由创新驱动、重质量而非数量的制造强国。考查不定代词作同位语。此处用代词one作同位语,替代名词短语a product-making power。本题容易被误认为that引导定语从句修饰one而错选B。实际正确答案为C 。
例3:(2018年高考 江苏苏锡四市模模拟试卷)
—What do you think of Steven Hawking
—Well, despite his disabled body, he was a man of scientific nature, _______ worthy of admiration.
A.one B.who C.that D.this
【答案】A
【解析】 句意:——你怎么评价斯蒂芬·霍金 ——尽管他身体残疾,但他是一个具有科学天赋的人,值得敬佩。考查不定代词作同位语。one指代前面所述的a man of scientific nature在句中作同位语。若选who则要构成非限制性定语从句,设空处后缺少谓语。所以选择答案A。
【技巧提示】 做此类型的题关键在于能够准确判断出所要指代的词是泛指还是特指,如果是泛指可数名词单数,就可以考虑one;如果是复数名词,就可考虑ones,如果是特指,则要用that,those或the one、the ones 来替代。
四、指示代词that的用法
例1:(2020年高考 哈市模拟试卷) A young person is said to have behavior disorder when his or her behavior is noticeably different from________ expected in the school or community.
A.one B.ones C.that D.those
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:当一个年轻人的行为明显不同于学校或社会期望的行为时,他(她)就会被认为有行为障碍。考查代词辨析。空处替代the behavior,表示特指,所以用that。
例2:(2019年高考 哈市模拟试卷)In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different from ________in the UK.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:在很多方面,美国的教育体系与英国的并没有很大的不同。考查代词辨析。that代替前面的the education system,符合句意。this这个;one泛指上文提到过的同类事物中的一个;it指代上文提到过的同一事物。所以用that。
例3:(2018年高考 哈市模拟试卷)People expect Shanghai Disneyland Park to offer better service than ________ of Tokyo’s.
A. this B. it C. one D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意:人们期望上海迪士尼乐园提供比东京迪士尼乐园更好的服务。考查代词辨析 that = the service。所以选择D。
【技巧提示】 做此类型题的突破点在于明确that所能指代的成分,that所指代的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,并前后一般存在相互比较或对照的因素,在比较状语than后更常用。
五、复合不定代词在具体语境中的区别
例1:(2021年高考 全国甲卷)… Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they’re of the same age and can understand each other. Some will tum out (去掉) to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little (考查不定代词用法) choose to deal with the problems on our (改为their) own…
【答案】 little改为→few
【解析】句意:……许多学生说,他们会和朋友或同学交谈,因为他们年龄相仿,能够相互理解。有些人会向父母或老师求助。只有少数人选择自己解决问题…… 考查不定代词。a little代指不可数名词,a few 代指可数名词。在这里指少部分的学生,为可数名词,所以把little 改为few。
例2:(2020年高考 哈市模拟试卷)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _______, knives and forks.
A. another B. others C. both D. all
【答案】B
【解析】句意:句意:在一些国家里,人们用筷子吃饭,而在另外一些国家,人们使用刀叉吃饭。考查代词用法。another通常指三者或者三者以上中的另外一个,表示泛指;others其他人或者物,没有范围限制;both两者都……;all三者以上都……。因此选择B。
例3:(2019年高考 哈市模拟试卷)
___What is life
___Well, to some life is pleasure, but to _______ it is suffering.
A. the others B. others C. other ones D. those
【答案】B
【解析】句意:— 生活是什么?— 哦,对于有些人来说生活是快乐,而对另一些人来说生活就是一种折磨。the others是特指其他的人或物,此处非特指;other ones指代前文出现的人或物的复数名词,该句前文没有复数名词,所以排除;those那些,此处所指不清;others表示泛指其他人或物,此处就是泛指。故选择B。
例4:(2019年高考 哈市模拟试卷)He did not even say anything to her, and she did not speak to him _____.
A. few B. neither C. either D. many
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他甚至一句话也没跟她说,她也没跟他说话。答案few和many修饰可数名词,此处表示说话的意思,不可数的,所以可排除;either表示也(不),用在否定句中,neither表示也不,用在肯定句中;此句是否定句,所以答案B也排除;故选择C。
例5:(2019年高考 哈市模拟试卷)When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say ______ for me
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
【答案】C
【解析】句意:句意:当你向约翰先生介绍我的时候,能为我说一些好话吗?答案A意思是所有的;答案B意思是任何事情;答案D意思是什么也没有;而答案C表示的意思是有一些。从上下文得知说话人请听话人为他说点什么(当然是说好话)。所以用something;故选择C。
【技巧提示】 常用不定代词有:some (something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone), no ( nothing,nobody,no one), every ( everything,everybody,everyone),一般用于肯定句中的不定代词:some,someone, somebody,something;一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中的不定代词:any,anyone,anybody,anything ;一般用于句中表示否定意义的不定代词:no,no one,nobody,nothing。注意要根据句意,句意解题的关键。
【相关知识点连接】
一、人称代词的主要用法
1. 人称代词的格与并列主语的排序
主语 用主格形式 I think foreign languages are difficult as science subjects.我认为外语和其他自然学科一样难。
宾格 用宾格形式 Uncle Wang was waiting for them outside the factory gate.王大叔正在工厂门口等着他们。
表语 代指主语用主格 I thought it must be she.(我想肯定是她。)Was it he who phoned?(是他打的电话吗?)
代指宾语用宾格 It was him that we saw just now.(我们看到的就是他。)I believe the writer to be her.(我看作者是他。)
在并列主语中,出于礼貌的缘故,习惯上是第二、第三人称代词居前,第一人称居后的顺序排列,一般按着 you,he and I 的顺序排列。
Pierre and I did have a very good time at the ball.
皮埃尔和我在舞会上过得非常愉快。
但是在承认错误或承担责任时,英语往往是把 I 放在其他人的前面以示勇于认错。
I and Mr. White are to blame. 我和怀特先生都应当负责。
I and my brother made the mistakes. 我和我兄弟犯了这个错误。
She、they 可用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等:
China will always do what she has promised to do. 中国一贯是说话算数的。
人称代词用法口诀:
人称代词主宾格,作用不同莫用错。
主格动词前做主,动词介词后宾格。
You 和 it主宾同,其他主宾须分清。
人称代词并列现, 尊重他人礼当先。
单数人称二三一,复数人称一二三。
若把错误责任担,第一人称我靠前。
2. 物主代词的主要用法
类别 句子成分 例 句
形容词性物主代词 形容词性的物主代词用来修饰名词作定语 Will you please show me his mobile phone Let the past bury its dead.(让过去永远埋葬。)
名词性的物主代词 主语 Ours is the best team in the league.我们队在联赛中是最强的队。(作主语)
宾语 I do my work and the others do theirs.我干我的工作其他人干他们自己的工作。
表语 Look at that book on the desk. May be it's yours.看桌子上的那本书,可能是你的。(作表语)
物主代词巧记口诀:
物主代词分两形,一形二名要记清;
名词要作主表宾,形容词性只作定;
名词性词尾 s 型,除了我的属特型。
3. 反身代词的主要用法
表示我(们)、你(们)、她(们)、它(们)、他(们)自己的代词叫反身代词。
单数 myself yourself himself herself itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
反身代词的句法功能
句法功能 例 句
宾语 动词后 I’m teaching myself English.我正在自学英语。
介词后 Jim, you must look after yourself and keep healthy.吉姆你得照顾好你自己并保持健康。
同位语 主语的 The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。
宾语的 Choosing the right one is a difficult job in itself.选择合适的职业本身就是一件困难的工作。
表语 I haven't been myself since the accident.自从那次事故以来,我的情绪一直不好。
并列主语 My father and myself walked back home that evening.那天晚上我和爸爸步行回家。
与某些介词或动词构成短语 by oneself= alone 独自 for oneself 独立、为自己 enjoy oneself玩得愉快 seat oneself 坐下 come to oneself 苏醒 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客气 make oneself at home 不要客气
反身代词巧记口诀:
反身代词莫乱用,句中常作宾表同;
定语成分不能用,固定搭配须记清。
二、代词it的用法
1. it用来替代前面提到的同一事物
it用来替代前面提到的同一事物时,被替代的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,要摈除认为it只能代替可数名词的误解。例如:
Have you still kept your old furniture
一No,I have sold it.it替代不可数名词furniture。
2. it可以替代的句式与成分
it可以替代英语句式中的不定式 (短语)、动名词 (短语) 或从句,在句中作形式主语或形式宾语。例如:
I think it is no good parents doing anything for their children.
it替代动名词的复合结构parents doing anything for their children。
3. it可以替代前面的某一名词或整个句子的内容
it可以替代前面的某一名词或整个句子的内容,这时可用that替换,也可以改为非限制性定语从句。例如:
He said he had never met her,and it is not true.
it替代前面整个句子He said。
有时it可以前置替代,用以代替后面整个句子的内容,这时不可用that替换。例如:
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
it代替后面整个句子when people talk with。
4. it指代天气、环境、时间、季节、金钱和距离等
It was very noise(quiet)at the very moment.
此处,it指代的是环境。
It is a long way to the schoo1.
此处,it指代的就是距离。
5. it用在以下几个特殊结构中的用法
It is time for sb. to do sth.
It is (high) time that sb.did/should do sth. (虚拟语气)
It is +strange/necessary... +that + sb.(do) sth. (虚拟语气)
It is no use/good +doing sth.
It is+被强调部分+that/who+…
It is/was+时间+sincIt is/was the first/second/third time that sb(have/had done sth.
it takes sb.some time to do sth.
It is up to sb.to do sth.
这些句式在结构上和时态上要灵活把握。
6. 用于情景对话中笼统地谈论某种情况
I can't make it. 我也没办法。
代词it用法巧记口诀
代词it本领大,即可指这又指那;
时间天气均可指,谈到距离也用它;
形主形宾均可做,强调句型紧跟that。
三、不定代词one的用法
1. one替代由可数名词所表示的一类人或事物中的任何一个
one替代由可数名词所表示的一类人或事物中的任何一个,即泛指中的强调。这时,替代词one前面不可加任何限定词。例如:
I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one。
2. one在定语从句中作先行词替代特指的同一类人或事物时
one在定语从句中作先行词替代特指的同一类人或事物时,其前面必须用定冠词the来限定,但不可用that替换。如果先行词为“one of…”,其关系代词在定语从句中作主语,从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式。例如:
This is one of the highest buildings that have been built in our city recently.
反之,如果在one前面加修饰语,则从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
He is the only one of t11e students who has worked out the problem.
3. one的复数形式为ones,作替代词时
one的复数形式为ones,作替代词时,只可替代同一类人或事物的复数名词,其前面必须有限定词,如the,my,all等修饰。但不能用数词或many修饰。例如:
Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to the pupils except the ones who had already taken them.(句中the ones可用those替代)
四、指示代词that的用法
1. that用来替代前面提到的特指的事物
that用来替代前面提到的特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。代替可数名词可以用the one替换。但其前面不可用任何限定词修饰。例如:
The Population Of China is larger than that of Japan
that代替不可数名词population,不可用he one替换。
The head teacher in your class is younger and more active than that in theirs. that代替可数名词head teacher,可用the one替换。
2. that在并列分句中可以替代前面的内容
that在并列分句中可以替代前面某一个名词或整个句子的内容,这时可用it替换,也可改为非限制性定语从句。例如:
She heard a terrible noise,and that brought her heart into her mouth.
that替代前面的名词noise,也可用it来替换。
3. that在定语从句中作关系代词
that在定语从句中可作关系代词,代替某个先行词(人或物)。例如:
The lady that came to our class is from Austrian.
that指代先行词lady,也可用who来替换。
4. that的复数形式为those时
that的复数形式为those,只可替代可教名词复数,在句中相当于the ones。
The nights there in summer are shorter than those in winter.
those替代nights,可用the ones替换。
五、复合不定代词在具体语境中的区别
1. some,any,no,every加上 body, one, thing构成的不定代词
由some,any,no,every加上 body, one, thing构成的不定代词,叫复合不定代词。some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句,意为“某人或某物,重要的人或事”。
You can ask anyone for help. Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.
你可以向任何人求助,这里的每一个人都愿意帮助你。
2. any构成的不定代词
any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,意为“随便某个人或物,无论什么人或物,什么人或物都可以”。
Does anybody else want to go 还有人想去吗?
3. no构成的不定代词
no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。
—One week’s time has been wasted.
—I can’t believe we did all that work for nothing.
我简直不敢相信我们所做的一切都是徒劳的。
Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.
没有人能40年来做好某件事,如果他不喜欢的话。
4. every构成的不定代词
every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物,每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如:
Good families are much to all their members, but everything to none.
优秀的的家庭对她们的成员来说意味着很多,但并不是一切。
几组常用代词的区别
many,much;a few,few,a little,little
许多 有一些/点(表肯定) 几乎没有(表否定)
修饰可数名词 many A few few
修饰不可数名词 much A little little
句 例 Many hands make light work.(人多好干活。)There isn’t much water left.(没剩下多少水了。)I have a few friends besides you.(除你之外,我还有几个朋友。)I have few friends except you.(除了你,我没有什么朋友了。)There is a little time.Take it easy. (还有点时间,别慌。)There is little time.Let's hurry.(快没时间了,我们快点。)
another,Other,Others,the Other,the Others
形式区别 - 单数 复数
作定语 作主语或宾语
泛指及 图示 another (众多中的) 另一个 o → oooooo↓ ↓ one another other…(其他的……) others (另一些,其他人) ooo →ooooooo ↓ ↓ some others
特指及 图示 the other (两者中的) 另外一个 o ● ↓ ↓ one the other (只限两者中使用) the other...(其余的……) the others (其余) ooo→●●●●● ↓ ↓ some the others
【温馨提示】
1.有the的指在特定范围中的“剩下的全部”,没加the的指不明确范围中的“剩余中的一部分”。
Don't lend the bike to others.
There are 46 students in our class. Twenty are boys, the others are girls.
2.有-s的后面不能再接名词;无s的后面可接名词。例如:
Many people like sports.Some like running,others(=other people)like football.
3.another原为an other的合成词,因而多接单数名词,但也可接“few/数词+复数名词”,表示累加或更换,意思是“又一,再一;别的,另一个的”。例如:
I want another two helpers.我还要两个帮手。(表示“累加”)
I’ll call you another day.我改天再给你打电话。(表示“更换”)
Saying is one thing and doing is another.(说是一回事,做是另一回事。)
4.注意某些固定短语:the other day (几天前),every other day(隔天),
one after another (一个接一个地),on the other side (另一边)。on the other hand (另一方面),one... another… , the other (一个,另一个……,第三个)
both,either,neither,each,all,every,none
both/(n)either each all none every
表示范围 二者 二者或以上 三者以上
词性 形容词或名词性 名词性 形容词性
修饰名词 (作adj.) 复数 单数 复数/不可数名词 单数
后跟成分 (作adj.) 名、物代、 指代、the 名词 同both 与of短语连 用,指人或物 名词、数词 other等
谓语形式 复数 单数 复数,单数 单数
A friend to all is a friend to none.对所有人都友好的人对哪一个也不是朋友。
If you full after two hares,you will catch neither.同时追两兔,哪只也抓不到。
If the blind lead the blind,both shall fall into the ditch.
盲人领盲人,双双掉沟内。
The college offers both English and French,but my schedule will let me choose either.not both.
大学开设英语和法语,但我的时间表只允许我选择一门,而不是两者。
There are trees on each side of the street.(街道两旁都有树。)
Each of them has his own duty.(他们各人有各人的责任。)
Not every man can do it well.(并不是每个人都能做好这件事。)
this,that,it,one,ones,these,those
用 法 举例
thisthese 指代单数名词;近指,即指较近的人、物、时间;表示要说或做的事情。其复数是these。 All want to say is this:Live and learnThis is Atlanta.She's been ill these days.
thatthose 指代单数名词;远指;表示说过或做过的事情。that和被替代的名词并非指同一事 物,而是指同类事物;多用于事物的比较,以免重复。其复数形式是those。 Which poem do you like,this or that He had a cold.That's why he didn’t come.The boys of this group run faster than those of that one.
it it所替代的事或物,就是前面提到过的同一个词,此外它还可以代替上文中的某个句子或一部分。其前不加修饰语。 I consider it advisable to tell her beforehand.If he really does this,“shows he hasn't mastered it.
oneones 替代泛指的可数名词,指被替代名词的同类当中的一个,而不是被替代名词的本身。它所替代的名词常有a/an +adj.,the,this,that,any,some等修饰。ones是one的复数。 I need a car but I've no money to buy one.There are more ways to the park than one.The big fish can eat the small ones.When you make new friends,don't forget the old Ones.
【温馨提示】
1. any可以用在肯定句,意为‘‘任何的,随便哪一个,往往与单数名词连用。
Any one will do.任何一个都行。Come any day you like.你想哪天来就哪天来。
some可以用在疑问句,意为请求、建议或者希望对方作出肯定回答等。还可以表示不确定的“某一个”,相当于a certain,修饰单数名词。如:
Would you lend me some money 你能借给我点钱吗
Why don't you give him some suggestions 为什么不给他提点建议呢
2. 注意下列问题用不定代词的简略回答。
一Who is in the office
一Nobody/No one.
一What is there in the box
一Nothing.
一How much water is there in the cup
一None.
一How many boys are there in the room
一None.
【强化训练】
I. 语法填空(题1-2)或 改错(题3-4)
1. (2021年高考 新课标I卷)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ___70___ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】 its
【解析】句意:有关月球成分的数据,如月球上有多少冰和其他宝藏,可以帮助中国决定其未来月球基地的计划是否可行。考查代词。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
2. (2020年高考 山东卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42 (they) living at a different time in history or 43 walking (walk) through a rainforest.
【答案】themselves
【解析】句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。考查反身代词。此处指代visitors,意为:他们自己。所以,使用反身代词。故填themselves。
3. (2020年高考 新课标I卷)“Not that way,” my mom tried to stop us but failed.
【答案】将us改为me
【解析】句意:句意:“不是那样的。”我妈妈尽力阻止我,但是阻止不了的。考查代词。根据上文可知,是作者一个人做,此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”,应使用第一人称单数的宾格,故将us改为me。
4. (2020高考 新课标 II卷)Best of luck with yours learning kung-fu in China.
【答案】将yours改为your
【解析】句意:祝你在中国学习功夫好运。考查代词。best luck of you是固定短语,译为“祝你好运”。句中的yours为名词性物主代词,不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。
II. 单项选择
5. —What's wrong with him He seemed upset.
—He had to give up his drawing,not because he wanted _____ that way but because he had to be.
A. this B. one C. it D. such
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——他怎么了?看起来有点不开心。——他不得不放弃绘画,不是因为他自己想要放弃而是现实逼得他不得不放弃。考查代词。it指代前面的放弃绘画。故答案选C。
6. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, and ________ wanted to buy it.
A. none of them B. all of them
C. none of whom D. neither of them
【答案】D
【解析】句意:上个星期,仅有两个人来看房子,这两个人也都不想买。答案A和C中的none用于三者或三者以上,表示:都不;答案B中的all用于三者或三者以上,表示:都。此处是两人,所以排除。答案D中的neither指代两者都不,所以答案D正确。故选择答案D。
7. (2020高考 哈市模拟试卷)You look very beautiful in this dress and there is only one of this kind left here. I wonder if you would buy ________.
A.one B. it C. some D. any
【答案】B
【解析】句意:你穿这件连衣裙很漂亮,这款只有一件了。我不知道你是否会买它。此处特指上句中提到的那件连衣裙,所以用it。故答案选B。
8. (2020高考 江苏卷)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for ______.
A. whichever B. whenever C. wherever D. whatever
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧,然后全力以赴。考查代词词义辨析。whichever无论哪个;whenever无论何时;wherever无论何地;whatever无论什么。分析句子成分可知,此处做goes for的宾语,指代“任何事情”,whatever符合语境。故选D。
9.(2019高考 哈市模拟试卷)A variety of solutions have been provided for us to solve the problem. We can choose to start with.
A. it B. that C. each D. one
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个问题的各种解决方案已经提供给我们了。我们可以选择其中一种开始。考查不定代词。此处one = a solution,表示泛指。所以选择D。
10.(2018年高考 天津模拟试卷)I like ________ when my classmates and I go to a karaoke bar and sing together crazily.
A.this B. one C. that D. it
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我喜欢和同学们去卡拉OK酒吧,一起疯狂地唱歌。考查代词。I like/hate it + when...为固定句型,其中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是when引导的从句。故答案选D。
11.(2018高考 天津模拟试卷)________ who are able to work through the struggle are the ________ who are going to be successful.
A. Someone; one B. Anyone; one C. He; ones D. Those; ones
【答案】D
【解析】句意:那些能够克服困难的人是将来会成功的人。考查代词。句中缺少定语从句的先行词,根据句中定语从句中的动词 are可知,先行词用复数形式。故选择D。
12.(2018高考 江苏模拟试卷)Though a farmer, Zhu Zhiwen has become a huge success as a singer, whose story is really ________ of great inspiration.
A.everything B.nothing C.the one D.one
【答案】D
【解析】句意:朱之文虽然是一位农民,但作为一名歌手却取得了巨大的成功。他的故事确实非常鼓舞人心。考查不定代词。此处one = a story,表示泛指。所以选择D。
13.(2018年高考 江苏模拟试卷)
—Metteo’s new album Panama has turned out to be a hit.
—Oh, he is really of a lucky dog.
A.nothing B. anything C. everything D. something
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——Metteo的新专辑《巴拿马》大获成功。——哦,他真的可以说是个幸运儿。考查不定代词辨析。something of a... 为固定结构,意为“可以说是一个……”。所以选择D。
14. (2018高考 天津模拟试卷)
—Did you have any trouble with the western customs
—________ to speak of.
A.None B. Anything C. Nobody D. No one
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你对西方风俗习惯有什么不了解的地方吗 ——很少。考查不定代词辨析。none/nothing to speak of很少,不值一提。所以选择A。
15. (2018高考 天津模拟试卷)
—The little boat is safe. Don’t you think so, Mike
—No worries! I’ve been on this boat dozens of times.
A. something but B. nothing but C. anything but D. everything but
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——这条小船一点也不安全。难道你不这么认为吗,迈克 ——没问题。我已经乘坐过这条船很多次了。考查不定代词辨析。anything but“绝不,根本不”符合语境。nothing but仅仅,只有,只不过,不符合语境。所以选择C。
16. (2018年高考 北京模拟试卷) Best.
The meal itself was not so good- ________ was boringly brown including vegetables.
A.nothing B. everything C. anything D. something
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这顿饭本身不是很好——包括蔬菜在内的所有东西都是棕色的,令人生厌。考查不定代词辨析。everything每件事,所有事物,一切;nothing没有事,没有一件东西;anything 任何事物 / 东西;something某事 / 物。根据句意可知,包括蔬菜在内的每样东西都是棕色的,所以选择B。
17. (2018年高考 北京模拟试卷) The course is designed to help students learn to show respect for ________ .
A.others B. both C. those D. either
【答案】A
【解析】句意:设置这门课程是为了帮助学生学会尊重他人。考查不定代词辨析。根据句意“帮助学生学会尊重他人(other people)”。故填others (其他人)。both两者都;those那些;either两者中的任何一个。所以选择A。
18. (2018年高考 江苏冲刺试卷) Any writer, if concerned with ________ but what the critics think of his book, will find it a struggle to put a single word down on the paper.
A.anything B. nothing C. something D. everything
【答案】B
【解析】句意:任何一位作家,如果只关注评论家们对他的书的看法的话,那他就会发现很难在纸上写出一个字。考查不定代词辨析nothing but = only只是,仅仅。所以选择B。
19. (2018年高考 河南模拟试卷) ________ is very common for students to be physically present in class, but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles.
A. As B. That C. It D. There
【答案】C
【解析】句意:对于学生来说,他们人在教室却心不在焉的情况非常普遍,因为他们在玩手机。考查固定句型It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.,意为“对某人来说,做某事是……”。其中It是形式主语,后面的不定式为真正的主语。所以选择答案C。
20. A lot of suggestions were put forward at the meeting,but ________was practical.
A.nothing B. none C. neither D. no one
【答案】B
【解析】句意:会议上提出了很多建议,但是没有一个符合实际的。考查不定代词。none可用来指代前面提到过的三个或三个以上的人或物,表示一个都没有,符合语境。所以选择B。
21. I thought there would be many people at the show, but when I arrived, I found ________ .
A.nobody B. nothing C. no one D. none
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我原以为会有很多人观看表演,但是当我到达的时候,我发现一个人都没有。考查不定代词辨析。none指在一定的范围内没有一个人或物,符合语境。nothing指没有任何东西;nobody = no one指没有人,用于回答who引导的疑问句。所以选择D。
The supermarket has been broken into three times in the last two years, ________ resulting in their great loss.
A.each B. every C. any D. either
【答案】A
【解析】句意:句意:在过去的两年里,这家超市遭窃了三次,每次都造成了巨大的损失。考查不定代词辨析,each指两者或两者以上的人或物中各自/各个/每个。each在此处表示三次中的每一次。所以选择A。
23. The volunteers provided the lonely elders each with an overcoat, ________ could help them keep warm through the winter.
A. one B. that C. it D. one that
【答案】D
【解析】句意:志愿者给那些孤独的老人每人提供了一件大衣,一件能够帮助他们保暖过冬的大衣。考查代词的辨析。one用于泛指前面提到过的可数名词,相当于“a/an+名词”;that特指前面提到的名词,that和被指代的名词并非指同一事物,而是同类事物;it指前面提到过的同一个事物,相当于“the+名词”。根据语境,此处应用one指代an overcoat,且此处one作an overcoat的同位语,后面的that引导定语从句且在从句中作主语,that不可以省略。所以选择D。
24. —What do you think of the two designs
—Frankly, I like of them. Please show me a third one.
A.any B. either C. neither D. both
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你觉得这两个设计怎么样 ——说实话,两个我都不喜欢。请给我看看其他的吧。考查不定代词辨析。从答语中show me a third one可知,对两个设计都不满意,故选neither 两者都不。any三者或三者以上中任何一个;either两者中的任何一个;both两者都。所以选择C。
25. The thought flashed across my mind: “By some means or ______ she has some information about my engagement. But how ”
A. other B. others C. the other D. the others
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这个想法在我脑海闪现:她通过某种方式得到了关于我订婚的信息,但是到底是怎么得到的呢?考查不定代词。注意固定搭配:some + n单数 + or + other表未知或未确指的人/事物。所以选择A。
19【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题三 代 词(原卷板)
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
代词种类繁多,按照其不同的含义和作用代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用,在历年高考试题中都有体现。代词的种类和变化错综复杂,特别是不定代词的特点以及在语境中的用法,注意区别词义相近或相关的不定代词,避免在实际应用中混淆,并且特别要注意结合具体语言环境区分各类代词的不同用法。
主要考查要点:
1. 代词it的用法;
2. 不定代词one的用法;
3. 指示代词that的用法;
4. 不定代词在具体语境中的区别。
【考点剖析】
一、人称代词
例1:(2021年 新高考I卷) As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit!
【答案】 mine
例2:(20219年高考 天津卷)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________ who are not.
A. ones B. those C. these D. them
【答案】 B
例3:(2018年高考 天津春)Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need _______ to complete the things you want to do.
A.it B. that C. them D. ones
【答案】 C
例4:(2018年 江苏南京模拟试卷) We come from different cultures, and carry with ________ different histories.
A.it B. that C. us D. them
【答案】 C
【技巧提示】 在分析句子时,先确定句中缺少的成分,注意人称代词在句子中充当的成分是主格或宾格或者所有格等成分后即可迎刃而解。
二、代词it的用法
例1:(2021年高考 全国乙卷) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism has ___63___(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
【答案】 its
例2:(2021年高考 哈市模拟试卷) She hurried and made ________ home just in time to see her son before he went to bed.
A.herself B. this C. that D. it
【答案】D
例3:(2018年高考 天津一模试卷) The new online library makes ________ possible for students to choose books by smartphone off campus.
A.it B. one C. that D. this
【答案】A
【技巧提示】 it除了可以在主语从句和宾语从句中充当形式主语和形式宾语外,还可以替代不定式和动名词作形式主语和宾语。所以需要正确分析句子成分,把握it所在位置的功能,判断出it所作的成分。
三、不定代词one的用法
例1:(2021年高考 全国甲卷)… Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they’re of the same age and can understand each other. Some will tum out (去掉) to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little (改为few) choose to deal with the problems on our (考查代词用法) own…
【答案】 our 改为→ their
例2:(2018年高考 天津滨海新区七所重点学校毕业联考)“Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making power, ________ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.
A. the one that B. one that C. one D. the one
【答案】C
例3:(2018年高考 江苏苏锡四市模模拟试卷)
—What do you think of Steven Hawking
—Well, despite his disabled body, he was a man of scientific nature, _______ worthy of admiration.
A.one B.who C.that D.this
【答案】A
【技巧提示】 做此类型的题关键在于能够准确判断出所要指代的词是泛指还是特指,如果是泛指可数名词单数,就可以考虑one;如果是复数名词,就可考虑ones,如果是特指,则要用that,those或the one、the ones 来替代。
四、指示代词that的用法
例1:(2020年高考 哈市模拟试卷) A young person is said to have behavior disorder when his or her behavior is noticeably different from________ expected in the school or community.
A.one B.ones C.that D.those
【答案】 C
例2:(2019年高考 哈市模拟试卷)In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different from ________in the UK.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
【答案】 A
例3:(2018年高考 哈市模拟试卷)People expect Shanghai Disneyland Park to offer better service than ________ of Tokyo’s.
A. this B. it C. one D. that
【答案】D
【技巧提示】 做此类型题的突破点在于明确that所能指代的成分,that所指代的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,并前后一般存在相互比较或对照的因素,在比较状语than后更常用。
五、复合不定代词在具体语境中的区别
例1:(2021年高考 全国甲卷)… Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they’re of the same age and can understand each other. Some will tum out (去掉) to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little (考查不定代词用法) choose to deal with the problems on our (改为their) own…
【答案】 little改为→few
例2:(2020年高考 哈市模拟试卷)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _______, knives and forks.
A. another B. others C. both D. all
【答案】B
例3:(2019年高考 哈市模拟试卷)
___What is life
___Well, to some life is pleasure, but to _______ it is suffering.
A. the others B. others C. other ones D. those
【答案】B
例4:(2019年高考 哈市模拟试卷)He did not even say anything to her, and she did not speak to him _____.
A. few B. neither C. either D. many
【答案】C
例5:(2019年高考 哈市模拟试卷)When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say ______ for me
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
【答案】C
【技巧提示】 常用不定代词有:some (something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone), no ( nothing,nobody,no one), every ( everything,everybody,everyone),一般用于肯定句中的不定代词:some,someone, somebody,something;一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中的不定代词:any,anyone,anybody,anything ;一般用于句中表示否定意义的不定代词:no,no one,nobody,nothing。注意要根据句意,句意解题的关键。
【相关知识点连接】
一、人称代词的主要用法
1. 人称代词的格与并列主语的排序
主语 用主格形式 I think foreign languages are difficult as science subjects.我认为外语和其他自然学科一样难。
宾格 用宾格形式 Uncle Wang was waiting for them outside the factory gate.王大叔正在工厂门口等着他们。
表语 代指主语用主格 I thought it must be she.(我想肯定是她。)Was it he who phoned?(是他打的电话吗?)
代指宾语用宾格 It was him that we saw just now.(我们看到的就是他。)I believe the writer to be her.(我看作者是他。)
在并列主语中,出于礼貌的缘故,习惯上是第二、第三人称代词居前,第一人称居后的顺序排列,一般按着 you,he and I 的顺序排列。
Pierre and I did have a very good time at the ball.
皮埃尔和我在舞会上过得非常愉快。
但是在承认错误或承担责任时,英语往往是把 I 放在其他人的前面以示勇于认错。
I and Mr. White are to blame. 我和怀特先生都应当负责。
I and my brother made the mistakes. 我和我兄弟犯了这个错误。
She、they 可用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等:
China will always do what she has promised to do. 中国一贯是说话算数的。
人称代词用法口诀:
人称代词主宾格,作用不同莫用错。
主格动词前做主,动词介词后宾格。
You 和 it主宾同,其他主宾须分清。
人称代词并列现, 尊重他人礼当先。
单数人称二三一,复数人称一二三。
若把错误责任担,第一人称我靠前。
2. 物主代词的主要用法
类别 句子成分 例 句
形容词性物主代词 形容词性的物主代词用来修饰名词作定语 Will you please show me his mobile phone Let the past bury its dead.(让过去永远埋葬。)
名词性的物主代词 主语 Ours is the best team in the league.我们队在联赛中是最强的队。(作主语)
宾语 I do my work and the others do theirs.我干我的工作其他人干他们自己的工作。
表语 Look at that book on the desk. May be it's yours.看桌子上的那本书,可能是你的。(作表语)
物主代词巧记口诀:
物主代词分两形,一形二名要记清;
名词要作主表宾,形容词性只作定;
名词性词尾 s 型,除了我的属特型。
3. 反身代词的主要用法
表示我(们)、你(们)、她(们)、它(们)、他(们)自己的代词叫反身代词。
单数 myself yourself himself herself itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
反身代词的句法功能
句法功能 例 句
宾语 动词后 I’m teaching myself English.我正在自学英语。
介词后 Jim, you must look after yourself and keep healthy.吉姆你得照顾好你自己并保持健康。
同位语 主语的 The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。
宾语的 Choosing the right one is a difficult job in itself.选择合适的职业本身就是一件困难的工作。
表语 I haven't been myself since the accident.自从那次事故以来,我的情绪一直不好。
并列主语 My father and myself walked back home that evening.那天晚上我和爸爸步行回家。
与某些介词或动词构成短语 by oneself= alone 独自 for oneself 独立、为自己 enjoy oneself玩得愉快 seat oneself 坐下 come to oneself 苏醒 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客气 make oneself at home 不要客气
反身代词巧记口诀:
反身代词莫乱用,句中常作宾表同;
定语成分不能用,固定搭配须记清。
二、代词it的用法
1. it用来替代前面提到的同一事物
it用来替代前面提到的同一事物时,被替代的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,要摈除认为it只能代替可数名词的误解。例如:
Have you still kept your old furniture
一No,I have sold it.it替代不可数名词furniture。
2. it可以替代的句式与成分
it可以替代英语句式中的不定式 (短语)、动名词 (短语) 或从句,在句中作形式主语或形式宾语。例如:
I think it is no good parents doing anything for their children.
it替代动名词的复合结构parents doing anything for their children。
3. it可以替代前面的某一名词或整个句子的内容
it可以替代前面的某一名词或整个句子的内容,这时可用that替换,也可以改为非限制性定语从句。例如:
He said he had never met her,and it is not true.
it替代前面整个句子He said。
有时it可以前置替代,用以代替后面整个句子的内容,这时不可用that替换。例如:
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
it代替后面整个句子when people talk with。
4. it指代天气、环境、时间、季节、金钱和距离等
It was very noise(quiet)at the very moment.
此处,it指代的是环境。
It is a long way to the schoo1.
此处,it指代的就是距离。
5. it用在以下几个特殊结构中的用法
It is time for sb. to do sth.
It is (high) time that sb.did/should do sth. (虚拟语气)
It is +strange/necessary... +that + sb.(do) sth. (虚拟语气)
It is no use/good +doing sth.
It is+被强调部分+that/who+…
It is/was+时间+sincIt is/was the first/second/third time that sb(have/had done sth.
it takes sb.some time to do sth.
It is up to sb.to do sth.
这些句式在结构上和时态上要灵活把握。
6. 用于情景对话中笼统地谈论某种情况
I can't make it. 我也没办法。
代词it用法巧记口诀
代词it本领大,即可指这又指那;
时间天气均可指,谈到距离也用它;
形主形宾均可做,强调句型紧跟that。
三、不定代词one的用法
1. one替代由可数名词所表示的一类人或事物中的任何一个
one替代由可数名词所表示的一类人或事物中的任何一个,即泛指中的强调。这时,替代词one前面不可加任何限定词。例如:
I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one。
2. one在定语从句中作先行词替代特指的同一类人或事物时
one在定语从句中作先行词替代特指的同一类人或事物时,其前面必须用定冠词the来限定,但不可用that替换。如果先行词为“one of…”,其关系代词在定语从句中作主语,从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式。例如:
This is one of the highest buildings that have been built in our city recently.
反之,如果在one前面加修饰语,则从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
He is the only one of t11e students who has worked out the problem.
3. one的复数形式为ones,作替代词时
one的复数形式为ones,作替代词时,只可替代同一类人或事物的复数名词,其前面必须有限定词,如the,my,all等修饰。但不能用数词或many修饰。例如:
Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to the pupils except the ones who had already taken them.(句中the ones可用those替代)
四、指示代词that的用法
1. that用来替代前面提到的特指的事物
that用来替代前面提到的特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。代替可数名词可以用the one替换。但其前面不可用任何限定词修饰。例如:
The Population Of China is larger than that of Japan
that代替不可数名词population,不可用he one替换。
The head teacher in your class is younger and more active than that in theirs. that代替可数名词head teacher,可用the one替换。
2. that在并列分句中可以替代前面的内容
that在并列分句中可以替代前面某一个名词或整个句子的内容,这时可用it替换,也可改为非限制性定语从句。例如:
She heard a terrible noise,and that brought her heart into her mouth.
that替代前面的名词noise,也可用it来替换。
3. that在定语从句中作关系代词
that在定语从句中可作关系代词,代替某个先行词(人或物)。例如:
The lady that came to our class is from Austrian.
that指代先行词lady,也可用who来替换。
4. that的复数形式为those时
that的复数形式为those,只可替代可教名词复数,在句中相当于the ones。
The nights there in summer are shorter than those in winter.
those替代nights,可用the ones替换。
五、复合不定代词在具体语境中的区别
1. some,any,no,every加上 body, one, thing构成的不定代词
由some,any,no,every加上 body, one, thing构成的不定代词,叫复合不定代词。some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句,意为“某人或某物,重要的人或事”。
You can ask anyone for help. Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.
你可以向任何人求助,这里的每一个人都愿意帮助你。
2. any构成的不定代词
any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,意为“随便某个人或物,无论什么人或物,什么人或物都可以”。
Does anybody else want to go 还有人想去吗?
3. no构成的不定代词
no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。
—One week’s time has been wasted.
—I can’t believe we did all that work for nothing.
我简直不敢相信我们所做的一切都是徒劳的。
Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.
没有人能40年来做好某件事,如果他不喜欢的话。
4. every构成的不定代词
every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物,每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如:
Good families are much to all their members, but everything to none.
优秀的的家庭对她们的成员来说意味着很多,但并不是一切。
几组常用代词的区别
many,much;a few,few,a little,little
许多 有一些/点(表肯定) 几乎没有(表否定)
修饰可数名词 many A few few
修饰不可数名词 much A little little
句 例 Many hands make light work.(人多好干活。)There isn’t much water left.(没剩下多少水了。)I have a few friends besides you.(除你之外,我还有几个朋友。)I have few friends except you.(除了你,我没有什么朋友了。)There is a little time.Take it easy. (还有点时间,别慌。)There is little time.Let's hurry.(快没时间了,我们快点。)
another,Other,Others,the Other,the Others
形式区别 - 单数 复数
作定语 作主语或宾语
泛指及 图示 another (众多中的) 另一个 o → oooooo↓ ↓ one another other…(其他的……) others (另一些,其他人) ooo →ooooooo ↓ ↓ some others
特指及 图示 the other (两者中的) 另外一个 o ● ↓ ↓ one the other (只限两者中使用) the other...(其余的……) the others (其余) ooo→●●●●● ↓ ↓ some the others
【温馨提示】
1.有the的指在特定范围中的“剩下的全部”,没加the的指不明确范围中的“剩余中的一部分”。
Don't lend the bike to others.
There are 46 students in our class. Twenty are boys, the others are girls.
2.有-s的后面不能再接名词;无s的后面可接名词。例如:
Many people like sports.Some like running,others(=other people)like football.
3.another原为an other的合成词,因而多接单数名词,但也可接“few/数词+复数名词”,表示累加或更换,意思是“又一,再一;别的,另一个的”。例如:
I want another two helpers.我还要两个帮手。(表示“累加”)
I’ll call you another day.我改天再给你打电话。(表示“更换”)
Saying is one thing and doing is another.(说是一回事,做是另一回事。)
4.注意某些固定短语:the other day (几天前),every other day(隔天),
one after another (一个接一个地),on the other side (另一边)。on the other hand (另一方面),one... another… , the other (一个,另一个……,第三个)
both,either,neither,each,all,every,none
both/(n)either each all none every
表示范围 二者 二者或以上 三者以上
词性 形容词或名词性 名词性 形容词性
修饰名词 (作adj.) 复数 单数 复数/不可数名词 单数
后跟成分 (作adj.) 名、物代、 指代、the 名词 同both 与of短语连 用,指人或物 名词、数词 other等
谓语形式 复数 单数 复数,单数 单数
A friend to all is a friend to none.对所有人都友好的人对哪一个也不是朋友。
If you full after two hares,you will catch neither.同时追两兔,哪只也抓不到。
If the blind lead the blind,both shall fall into the ditch.
盲人领盲人,双双掉沟内。
The college offers both English and French,but my schedule will let me choose either.not both.
大学开设英语和法语,但我的时间表只允许我选择一门,而不是两者。
There are trees on each side of the street.(街道两旁都有树。)
Each of them has his own duty.(他们各人有各人的责任。)
Not every man can do it well.(并不是每个人都能做好这件事。)
this,that,it,one,ones,these,those
用 法 举例
thisthese 指代单数名词;近指,即指较近的人、物、时间;表示要说或做的事情。其复数是these。 All want to say is this:Live and learnThis is Atlanta.She's been ill these days.
thatthose 指代单数名词;远指;表示说过或做过的事情。that和被替代的名词并非指同一事 物,而是指同类事物;多用于事物的比较,以免重复。其复数形式是those。 Which poem do you like,this or that He had a cold.That's why he didn’t come.The boys of this group run faster than those of that one.
it it所替代的事或物,就是前面提到过的同一个词,此外它还可以代替上文中的某个句子或一部分。其前不加修饰语。 I consider it advisable to tell her beforehand.If he really does this,“shows he hasn't mastered it.
oneones 替代泛指的可数名词,指被替代名词的同类当中的一个,而不是被替代名词的本身。它所替代的名词常有a/an +adj.,the,this,that,any,some等修饰。ones是one的复数。 I need a car but I've no money to buy one.There are more ways to the park than one.The big fish can eat the small ones.When you make new friends,don't forget the old Ones.
【温馨提示】
1. any可以用在肯定句,意为‘‘任何的,随便哪一个,往往与单数名词连用。
Any one will do.任何一个都行。Come any day you like.你想哪天来就哪天来。
some可以用在疑问句,意为请求、建议或者希望对方作出肯定回答等。还可以表示不确定的“某一个”,相当于a certain,修饰单数名词。如:
Would you lend me some money 你能借给我点钱吗
Why don't you give him some suggestions 为什么不给他提点建议呢
2. 注意下列问题用不定代词的简略回答。
一Who is in the office
一Nobody/No one.
一What is there in the box
一Nothing.
一How much water is there in the cup
一None.
一How many boys are there in the room
一None.
【强化训练】
I. 语法填空(题1-2)或 改错(题3-4)
1. (2021年高考 新课标I卷)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ___70___ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
2. (2020年高考 山东卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42 (they) living at a different time in history or 43 walking (walk) through a rainforest.
3. (2020年高考 新课标I卷 改错)“Not that way,” my mom tried to stop us but failed.
4. (2020高考 新课标 II卷 改错)Best of luck with yours learning kung-fu in China.
II. 单项选择
5. —What's wrong with him He seemed upset.
—He had to give up his drawing,not because he wanted _____ that way but because he had to be.
A. this B. one C. it D. such
6. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, and ________ wanted to buy it.
A. none of them B. all of them
C. none of whom D. neither of them
7. (2020高考 哈市模拟试卷)You look very beautiful in this dress and there is only one of this kind left here. I wonder if you would buy ________.
A.one B. it C. some D. any
8. (2020高考 江苏卷)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for ______.
A. whichever B. whenever C. wherever D. whatever
9.(2019高考 哈市模拟试卷)A variety of solutions have been provided for us to solve the problem. We can choose to start with.
A. it B. that C. each D. one
10.(2018年高考 天津模拟试卷)I like ________ when my classmates and I go to a karaoke bar and sing together crazily.
A.this B. one C. that D. it
11.(2018高考 天津模拟试卷)________ who are able to work through the struggle are the ________ who are going to be successful.
A. Someone; one B. Anyone; one C. He; ones D. Those; ones
12.(2018高考 江苏模拟试卷)Though a farmer, Zhu Zhiwen has become a huge success as a singer, whose story is really ________ of great inspiration.
A.everything B.nothing C.the one D.one
13.(2018年高考 江苏模拟试卷)
—Metteo’s new album Panama has turned out to be a hit.
—Oh, he is really of a lucky dog.
A.nothing B. anything C. everything D. something
14. (2018高考 天津模拟试卷)
—Did you have any trouble with the western customs
—________ to speak of.
A.None B. Anything C. Nobody D. No one
15. (2018高考 天津模拟试卷)
—The little boat is safe. Don’t you think so, Mike
—No worries! I’ve been on this boat dozens of times.
A. something but B. nothing but C. anything but D. everything but
16. (2018年高考 北京模拟试卷) Best.
The meal itself was not so good- ________ was boringly brown including vegetables.
A.nothing B. everything C. anything D. something
17. (2018年高考 北京模拟试卷) The course is designed to help students learn to show respect for ________ .
A.others B. both C. those D. either
18. (2018年高考 江苏冲刺试卷) Any writer, if concerned with ________ but what the critics think of his book, will find it a struggle to put a single word down on the paper.
A.anything B. nothing C. something D. everything
19. (2018年高考 河南模拟试卷) ________ is very common for students to be physically present in class, but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles.
A. As B. That C. It D. There
20. A lot of suggestions were put forward at the meeting,but ________was practical.
A.nothing B. none C. neither D. no one
21. I thought there would be many people at the show, but when I arrived, I found ________ .
A.nobody B. nothing C. no one D. none
The supermarket has been broken into three times in the last two years, ________ resulting in their great loss.
A.each B. every C. any D. either
23. The volunteers provided the lonely elders each with an overcoat, ________ could help them keep warm through the winter.
A. one B. that C. it D. one that
24. —What do you think of the two designs
—Frankly, I like of them. Please show me a third one.
A.any B. either C. neither D. both
25. The thought flashed across my mind: “By some means or ______ she has some information about my engagement. But how ”
A. other B. others C. the other D. the others
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