人教版(2019)必修 第三册高考英语一轮复习UNIT1-5学案(5份打包)

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名称 人教版(2019)必修 第三册高考英语一轮复习UNIT1-5学案(5份打包)
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UNIT 1 FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS
(一)高频重点词汇/分类记忆,用时少,功效高
Ⅰ.阅读词汇·读懂
默想下面单词的词性及含义,不会的在□中做出标记并核对识记。
□1.lantern  □2.carnival  □3.costume
□4.riddle □5.samba □6.make up
□7.church □8.firecracker □9.evil
□10.medium □11.lunar □12.eve
□13.envelope □14.pumpkin □15.pudding
□16.roast □17.firework □18.wrestling
□19.wrestle □20.wrestler □21.archery
□22.robe □23.eagle □24.pot
□25.grace □26.wedding □27.horrible
□28.autonomous □29.fancy □30.clap
[自主核对区]
1.n.灯笼;提灯 2.n.狂欢节;嘉年华 3.n.(某地或某历史时期的)服装;戏装 4.n.谜语;神秘事件 5.n.桑巴舞;桑巴舞曲 6.n.化妆品;性格;构成方式 7.n.(基督教的)教堂;礼拜堂 8.n.鞭炮;爆竹 9.adj.邪恶的;有害的;罪恶的 n.邪恶;罪恶;恶行 10.n.媒介;手段;方法 adj.中等的;中号的 11.adj.阴历的;月球的;月亮的 12.n.前夕;前一天 13.n.信封;塑料封套 14.n.南瓜 15.n.布丁;(餐末的)甜食 16.adj.烤的;焙的 vi.&vt.烘烤;焙 17.n.烟火;烟花;[pl.]烟花表演 18.n.摔跤运动 19.vi.&vt.摔跤;奋力对付 20.n.摔跤运动员 21.n.射箭术;射箭运动 22.n.袍服;礼袍 23.n.雕 24.n.罐;壶;锅 25.n.优美;优雅;高雅 26.n.婚礼;结婚庆典 27.adj.令人震惊的;恐怖的;极坏的 28.adj.自治的;有自治权的 29.adj.花哨的;精致的;昂贵的 vt.想要;倾慕;自认为是 30.vt.鼓掌;拍手;击掌 n.鼓掌;拍手;掌声
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
1.march vi.&n. 行进;前进;示威游行
2.ceremony n. 典礼;仪式
3.range n. 一系列;范围、界限
vi. 包括;(在一定范围内)变化
4.figure n. 人物;数字;身材
vt. 认为;认定
5.harvest n. 收获季节;收获;收成
vi.&vt. 收割(庄稼);捕猎(动物、鱼)
6.crop n. 庄稼;作物;一季的收成
7.gather vi. 聚集;集合
vt. 聚集;搜集;收割
8.feature vt. 以……为特色
n. 特色;特征;特点
9.fade vi.&vt. 逐渐消失;(使)褪色;(身体)变得虚弱
10.atmosphere n. 气氛;氛围;(地球的)大气(层)
11.inner adj. 内部的;里面的;内心的
12.region n. 地区;区域;地带
13.branch n. 树枝;分支;支流
14.moment n. 片刻;瞬间
[语境活用]——根据汉语意思填写单词
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The beautiful long branches(树枝) covered with pink colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
2.(2020·天津卷7月)After everyone concerned was seated, there was a ceremony(仪式) of raising the national flag, which made us excited.
3.(2019·江苏卷)It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature—that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features(特点).
4.The curtains I bought many years ago in the supermarket have faded(褪色) in the sun.
5.They were marching(行进) forward despite the heavy rain because they had to reach the destination before dark.
6.The meeting was held in a lively atmosphere(气氛) where everybody felt free to share his ideas.
7.I wonder how Mary has kept her figure(身材) after all these years.
8.The farm was flooded, with the result that most of the harvest(收获) was lost.
9.My family usually gather(聚集) at my grandparents' home during the Mid Autumn Festival.
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
1.congratulate vt.祝贺;庆贺→congratulation n.祝贺;贺词
2.religion n.宗教;宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的
3.charm n.魅力;迷人的特征→charming adj.迷人的;有魅力的
4.joy n.高兴;喜悦→joyful adj.高兴的;快乐的
5.agriculture n.农业;农艺→agricultural adj.农业的
6.decorate v.装饰;装潢→decoration n.装饰;装饰品→decorative adj.装饰的
7.significant adj.有重大意义的;显著的→significance n.意义;意思;重要性;重要意义→significantly adv.重大地;显著地
8.commerce n.商业→commercial adj.商业(化)的;以获利为目的的→commercialise vt.使商业化;利用……牟利→commercialisation n.商业化
9.reflect vi.思考 vt.映射;反射;显示→reflection n.反射;反映;映像→reflective adj.反光的
10.believe vt.相信;信任→belief n.信念;信仰;信心→believable adj.可信的→unbelievable adj.难以置信的
11.faith n.信念;信仰→faithful adj.忠诚的;忠实的→faithfully adv.忠诚地;忠实地
12.occasion n.时机,机会;场合→occasional adj.偶然的;临时的;特殊场合的→occasionally adv.偶然地;不时地
13.please v.使满意→pleased adj.高兴的;满意的→ pleasant/ pleasing adj.令人愉快的→pleasure n.高兴;快乐
14.represent vt.象征;代表→representative n.代表adj.典型的;有代表性的
15.absolute adj.绝对的;完全的→absolutely adv.绝对地;完全地
16.brief adj.简短的;简要的n.摘要;大纲→briefly adv.简要地;短暂地
17.respect vt.& n.尊敬;尊重→respectful adj.表示尊敬的→respectable adj.体面的;值得尊敬的→respected adj.受尊敬的
18.typical adj.典型的;有代表性的;平常的→typically adv.典型地;一般地;不出所料地
[语境活用]——用所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2019·天津卷)Occasionally(occasional), I would read a novel that was assigned,but I didn't enjoy this type of reading.
2.I have faith in him because he has served us faithfully for many years, and I think he is a faithful and honest friend.(faith)
3.Many friends came to congratulate him on his marriage, and some sent emails to express their congratulations. (congratulate)
4.The scientists think his invention is of great significance,because it is significant to cure the patients of deadly disease.(significant)
5.He often says that he doesn't believe in any religion, but meanwhile he respects others' religious freedom.(religion)
6.Our English teacher often respects our opinions. Everyone in our class says he is a respectable teacher and we should be respectful to him.(respect)
7.On their wedding day, their new flat was decorated with fresh flowers and balloons, and a decorative arch full of decorations was laid in the corridor.(decorate)
8.Though she explained the topic briefly, we still learned a lot from her brief words.(brief)
9.The melody of this song is so pleasant that you can feel too much pleasure filled your heart.(please)
10.Believe it or not, I hold the firm belief that he is an honest and reliable man. It would be unbelievable that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends.(believe)
11.Technology is vital for agricultural development. With the development of science and technology, I do believe we will make great advances in agriculture.(agriculture )
12.Some flowers are reflected in the river and the reflection is very beautiful.(reflect)
(二)高频短语串记/记牢用活,不枯燥,兴趣高
单元短语·再现
1.dress (sb.) up 穿上盛装;装扮
2.after all 毕竟;别忘了
3.range from...to... 包括从……到……之间
4.fade away 逐渐消失;(身体)变得虚弱
5.in spite of 不管;尽管
6.take advantage of 利用;欺骗;占……的便宜
7.have sth. in common 相同;有相同的特征
8.to be frank 坦白说;坦率地说
9.go off 爆炸;走火;离开;(电器设备)停止运行
10.except for 除……之外
11.set off 出发;动身;启程
12.look forward to 期望;期待;盼望
[语境活用]——选用左栏短语填空
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)I jumped at the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn't want to save a few dollars
2.Youth will fade away, but my memories of you will not.
3.To my delight, I will have four weeks off the following weeks. I will take advantage of the time to visit my grandparents living in a small town.
4.In spite of great efforts, we failed to carry our plans through.
5.It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we_had a lot in common.
?会积累(日积月累,联想发散)
1.带后缀 ing的名词集锦
①wedding 婚礼
②training 训练
③feeling 感觉
④crossing 横渡;十字路口;人行横道
⑤marketing 促销
⑥engineering 工程
2.单复数意义不同的名词小结
①custom(风俗)→customs(海关)
②short(短的)→shorts(短裤)
③paper(纸)→papers(文件)
④art(艺术)→arts(文科)
⑤work(工作)→works(作品)
⑥manner(方式)→manners(礼貌)
⑦arm(手臂)→arms(武器)
3.带后缀 able的形容词集锦
①respectable 可敬的
②adaptable 可适应的
③admirable 仰慕的
④believable 可信的
⑤comfortable 舒适的
⑥adjustable 可调节的
⑦reasonable 合理的
⑧suitable 合适的
(三)重点句型仿写/背熟巧用,造佳句,表达高
背佳句 明句型 巧仿写
However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals. 然而,无论它们看起来多么不同,在世界各地,分享快乐、感恩、爱或和平的精神在所有节日中都是共通的。 no matter how引导让步状语从句 1.(2020·天津卷7月)不管我怎么努力,我总是被忽视。No matter how hard I tried,I was always the neglected one.
Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. 随着商家利用庆祝活动,节日变得越来越商业化。 with复合结构 2.看到周围有这么多陌生面孔,小女孩开始哭起来。With so many strange faces around her, the little girl started to cry.
Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.在线购物网站和社交媒体应用软件让公众更容易花更多的钱为爱的人购买礼物。 make it+adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth. 3.贝尔纳斯·李让每个人都能使用互联网成为可能,而不仅限于大学和军队。Berners Lee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet, not just universities and the army.
After singing some songs, the competitors danced onto the green field, waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles.唱了几首歌之后,选手们在绿色的草原上跳起了舞,在空中挥舞着手臂,就像雄鹰一样。 as if引导方式状语从句 4.他的英语讲得非常完美,好像在英国居住了很多年似的。He speaks English perfectly as if he had lived in England for many years.
I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it.现在我终于回家了,感觉真的很累,但是和朋友一起庆祝那达慕真的很值得。 v. ing 形式作伴随状语 5.看着这张老照片,我不禁怀念起我的中学时代。Looking at the old picture,I couldn't help missing my middle school days.
congratulation n.祝贺;祝词;贺词
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.
②I would like to express my congratulations(congratulate) to you on your success.
[再写美]——一句多译
你获得了汉语桥演讲比赛一等奖,我向你表示祝贺。
③I would like to express my congratulations to you on your receiving the first prize of Chinese Bridge Speech Contest.(congratulation)
④I would like to congratulate you on your receiving the first prize of Chinese Bridge Speech Contest.(congratulate)
(1)congratulations to sb. on sth.  为某事向某人表示祝贺
(2)congratulate v. 祝贺;恭喜
congratulate sb. on (doing) sth. 祝贺某人(做)某事
[佳句背诵] I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I couldn't manage it. 我本想在彼得结婚时送他一件礼物表示祝贺,但我没能做到。(2019·天津卷)
[名师点津] congratulation用作名词时,常用复数形式。
range n.山脉;范围;行列 v.排列;变化;包括……之间的各类事物
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(北京卷)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging(range) from butterflies to elephants.
②When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of 60 km/h to 120 km/h.
③(天津卷)The price was beyond our range, so we declined.
④The temperature ranges between 25℃ and 30℃.
[再写美]——句式升级
⑤(普通表达)My family has many advantages. They range from accommodation to the convenience of travelling.
(高级表达)My family has many advantages, ranging from accommodation to the convenience of travelling.(分词作状语)
(1)a wide range of... 许多;广泛的
beyond/out of range 在射程外;在范围外
within in/range 在射程内;在范围内
(2)range from...to... 在……到……范围内变动
range between...and... 在……和……范围内变动
[佳句背诵] The farm, located in the suburb of our city, has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruits. 这个农场位于我们城市的郊区,种植着各种各样的农作物,如蔬菜和水果。(2020·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
figure n.数字;图形;人物;身材;人影 v.计算;想;估计;认为
[先练会]——写出下列句中figure或figure out的含义
①(2020·天津卷7月)She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure.
身材;体形
②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn't cross your mind. 弄明白
③As for my favourite figure in Chinese history,it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. 人物
④It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job. 数字
⑤Experts figure that the recently discovered painting may be Picasso's. 认为
[再写美]——微写作
⑥我能听见他们在说话,但就是听不清他们在说什么。
I could hear them talking but I couldn't figure out what they were saying.
(1)keep one's figure 保持体形
have a good figure 身材好
a political figure 一位政治人物
(2)figure out 理解,弄清楚;计算出
[佳句背诵] To help foreign students better figure out our tea drinking culture, we took them to the tea room in our school.
为了帮助外国学生更好地了解我们的饮茶文化,我们把他们带到学校的茶室。(2018·北京卷满分作文)
[名师点津] “理解、明白”一家人:
understand;make sense of;figure out;have a better understanding of
significant adj.重要的;显著的
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special significance(significant).
②(2019·天津卷满分作文)Most significantly(significant), I'd appreciate it if I could learn some basic composing knowledge through your lecture.
③In my opinion, we should attach equal significance to economic development and environmental protection.
④There are no significant(significance) differences between the education systems of the two countries.
[再写美]——词汇升级
⑤(普通表达)You'd better arrive ahead of time, which is very important to show your politeness.
(高级表达)You'd better arrive ahead of time, which is of great significance to show your politeness. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
(1)be significant for... 对……是重要的
It is significant that... 很明显……
(2)significance n. 重要性;意义
be of (great/no/little) significance to... 对……(很/不)重要
attach (great) significance to... 认为……(很)重要
(3)significantly adv. 显著地;明显地;有重大意义地
[佳句背诵] I firmly believe that the more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
我坚信我们越多地了解这句名言的意义,我们在日常学习和工作中就会获益越多。
reflect v.映照;反射;思考;显示
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected(reflect) in the water.
②Usually a child's behavior is a reflection(reflect) of his family relationship and growth environment.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)A row of reflective(reflect) boards on a nearby mountainside were put to use.
[再写美]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)You should set aside some time to consider your successes and failures.
(高级表达)You should set aside some time to reflect on your successes and failures.
(1)reflect on/upon sth.  反省/认真思考某事
be reflected in 倒映在;反映在
(2)reflection n. 反射;反映;映像;沉思
self reflection 反省;自我反思
(3)reflective adj. 反射的;反思的,沉思的
[佳句背诵] What's more, the traditional Chinese dress can't reflect the unique culture of our school.
更重要的是,传统的中国服装不能反映我们学校独特的文化。
(2019·江苏卷满分作文)
[名师点津] “考虑,思考”一家人:
consider; reflect on; take sth.into account/consideration
occasion n.时刻;时节;机会;盛会;场合
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏卷)On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
②This is not an occasion for laughter, where you must take things seriously.
③It's on the festival occasions when the family get together that he misses his late father.
[再写美]——微写作
④(2019·江苏卷满分作文)依我看来,在这样的场合,校服比传统中式服装是更好的选择。
In my view,the school uniforms are a better choice than the traditional Chinese dress for such an occasion.
(1)on occasion(s) 偶尔,有时
a formal occasion 正式场合
(2)occasional adj. 偶尔的
occasionally adv. 偶尔
[佳句背诵] Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
我很少有时间和孩子们在一起待一天。
[名师点津] (1)occasion表示时间,意为“时刻;机会”,用关系副词when引导定语从句;
(2)occasion表示地点,意为“场合”,用关系副词where引导定语从句。
represent v.代表;象征;表示;描绘;声称;相当于
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①They represented their concern for the safety of these children to the authorities.
②In the afternoon, you together with some of our student representatives(represent) are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.
[再写美]——一句多译
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)我非常高兴代表我们学校告诉你有关即将到来的排球比赛的一些事宜。
③Representing our school, I'm glad to tell you something about the coming volleyball game.
④On behalf of our school, I'm glad to tell you something about the coming volleyball game.
(1)represent sb./sth. as/to be... 宣称某人为……;把某事叙述为……
represent sth.to sb. 向某人说明(传达)某事
(2)represent sb./on behalf of sb.  代表某人
(3)representative n. 代表 
adj. 典型的;有代表性的
[佳句背诵] Last but not least, I feel it a great honour to represent my class to take part in the group dancing competition. 最后但同样重要的是,我非常荣幸代表我班参加小组跳舞比赛。
respect n.尊重;敬意,问候(pl.);方面 vt.尊敬;尊重;遵守
[先练会]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①Secondly,we should show our respect for our parents and do what we can to help them.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)There are many respectable(respect) people around me.
③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)As to the play, our weakness lies in such respects as roles' facial expressions, logical stress of dialogue and stage set.方面
[再写美]——微写作
④在中国,尊敬我们的老师是一种美德和传统,他们无私地帮助我们获得了很多知识。
In China, it is a virtue and tradition to respect our teachers, who unselfishly help us to gain much knowledge.
(1)have/show respect for sb. 尊重某人
out of respect for... 出于对……的尊敬
(2)respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊重某人
(3)respectful adj. 表示敬意的;尊敬的
respectable adj. 可敬的;体面的
[佳句背诵] Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice, out of respect for farmers' labor. 出于对农民劳动的尊重,中国的孩子们在成长的过程中就受到不要浪费一粒米的教育。
[名师点津] respect意为“敬意;问候”时,多用复数形式。
in spite of 不管;尽管
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2019·天津卷)In spite of all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.
②(2018·江苏卷)Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
③(福建卷)Our club is open to everyone regardless of age, sex or educational background.
[再写美]——一句多译
尽管天气不好,飞机还是起飞了。
④Although/Though the weather was bad, the plane took off.(状语从句)
⑤The plane took off despite/in spite of the bad weather.(介词短语) 
(1)in spite of=despite 尽管
in spite of/despite the fact that... 尽管……
(2)regardless of 不管,不顾
[佳句背诵] Despite/In spite of the fact that it was dark, we managed to find the way back to the farmhouse. 尽管天很黑,我们还是设法找到了回农舍的路。(2018·浙江卷6月读后续写)
[名师点津] despite与in spite of分别为介词和介词短语,其后接名词、代词或动词 ing形式作让步状语,不接从句(what 从句除外);though与although或 as 是从属连词,引导让步状语从句。
except for 除……之外
[先练会]——选词填空
①(天津卷)Apart from(apart from/except for) my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I'm interested in.
②I hardly know anyone in the village except(except/besides) Tom.
[再写美]——微写作
③除了天气,一切都很适合野餐。
Everything was perfect for the picnic except for the weather.
[名师点津] except for 意为“除……之外”,指说明整个基本情况后,对细节加以纠正,一般表示美中不足,其后一般接名词。
apart from 除……之外
besides/in addition to 除了……之外(还有)
except=but 除了……之外不再有……
[佳句背诵] Apart from English classes, I took an active part in English corner and other afterclass English activities, which benefited me a lot.
除了上英语课,我还积极参加英语角和其他课外英语活动,这些使我受益很多。
set off 动身,出发;启程;引爆(炸弹等);燃放(烟火等);引发
[先练会]——写出下列句中set off的含义
①He reminded me it was high time that we should set off for the railway station.
出发,动身
②Hong Kong's stock market fell, setting off a global financial crisis. 引起
③On New Year's Eve, we set off many fireworks, which made the children excited.
燃放
[再写美]——同义替换
④We will leave for the nursing home at 8:00 am on Saturday to accompany the elderly for the Double Ninth Festival.
→We will set off for the nursing home at 8:00 am on Saturday to accompany the elderly for the Double Ninth Festival.(全国卷Ⅱ)
set off for 动身去(某地)
set aside 保留;储蓄;忽视;不顾
set about (doing sth.) 着手/开始(做某事)
set out (to do sth.) 出发;开始(做某事)
set down 放下;记下
set up 建立;树立;搭起
[佳句背诵] You had better set aside some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. 你最好每天留出一些时间运动一下以便保持精力充沛。
[名师点津] “出发去某地”表达:
leave for; set out for; set off for
as if引导方式状语从句
(教材P8)After singing some songs, the competitors danced onto the green field, waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles.
唱了几首歌之后,选手们在绿色的草原上跳起了舞,在空中挥舞着手臂,就像雄鹰一样。
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①He messed the project up, but he behaved as if nothing had happened(happen).
②She treats the child as if he were(be) her own son.
③The patient opened his mouth as if to say(say) something.
[再写美]——微写作
④她努力工作,仿佛从来不知疲倦。
She works hard as if she never knew fatigue.
⑤当地居民说就好像发生了核爆炸一样。
Local residents said it was as if there had been a nuclear explosion.
(1)as if/though可引导表语从句和状语从句。
①如果as if/though引导的从句所表示的内容与事实相符,则用陈述语气。
②如果as if/though引导的从句表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were);若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用过去完成时;若表示与将来事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might+动词原形”。
(2)as if/though引导的从句可用省略形式,后面直接跟名词、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。
[佳句背诵] A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.
船上的一对年轻夫妇正吃着东西,高声地谈笑着,好像他们是这个世界上唯一的人。(福建卷)
v. ing 形式作伴随状语
(教材P8)I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it.
现在我终于回家了,感觉真的很累,但是和朋友一起庆祝那达慕真的很值得。
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①All night long he lay awake, thinking(think) of the problem.
②There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring(stare) at the night sky.
[再写美]——句式升级
③(普通表达)The music festival will start at 8 in the morning. It will last three hours.
(高级表达)The music festival will start at 8 in the morning, lasting three hours.(分词作状语) (2019·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)
(1)现在分词(短语)作状语除了表示伴随以外,还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。
(2)现在分词(短语)除在句中作状语外,还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等。
[佳句背诵] When I encounter problems in English learning, my teacher listens to me patiently and explains them carefully, helping me overcome the difficulties.
当我在英语学习中遇到问题时,我的老师耐心地倾听,认真地解释,帮助我克服困难。(2020·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
提能训练一 阅读理解障碍词
Ⅰ.语境辨义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. v.装点
2.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny. n.兴趣
3.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They make great gifts and you see them many times decorated with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. n.信封
4.(天津卷)The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles. adj.自主的
Ⅱ.熟词生义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Further up, the weather changes—low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. v.包裹,包围
2.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week. v.思考
3.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Fortunately, after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner. adj.短暂的
4.(2020·天津卷7月)Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. n.气氛
Ⅲ.一词多义——根据语境选出figure的词性及含义
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs. A
2.I could see the figure of a woman against the window. D
3.(陕西卷)He went on to graduate from college and got a job, earning close to six figures. C
4.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied. B
5.(全国卷Ⅲ)Sitting on a sofa in her room, welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation. E
提能训练二 课文语法填空
Today's festivals have 1.a wide range origins, 2.including(include) the seasons of the year, famous figures, important events, and religions. All festivals have the spirit of 3.sharing(share) joy, gratitude, love, or peace in common.
The harvest festival is one of the 4.most(much) popular festivals and is celebrated in many cultures. In China, families gather 5.to admire(admire) the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes during the Mid Autumn Festival. Customs play a significant role in festivals, 6.but they can change over time. For example, some Chinese cities no longer allow firecrackers during the Spring Festival, as they can increase air 7.pollution(pollute). However, these days 8.are becoming(become) more and more commercial with people 9.spending(spend) more money on gifts, which results in different opinions.
Festivals are an important part of society. They reflect people's wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life. They are 10.occasions(occasion) that allow us to relax and enjoy life.
提能训练三 用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华。你的美国朋友 Jonah来信说,想利用自己的假期来中国体验一下中国的传统节日——端午节、中秋节或春节。请你推荐一个并说明推荐理由。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,使行文连贯;
3.开头与结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jonah,
I'm glad to know that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals and want to experience one of them._______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
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I am looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
■审题谋篇
■遣词造句
Ⅰ.单元相关语块
1.to be frank 坦白说;坦率地说
2.atmosphere n. 气氛;氛围
3.absolutely adv. 绝对地;完全地
4.significant adj. 有重大意义的;显著的
5.a special occasion 一个特殊的场合/时刻
6.lunar year 农历年
7.celebrate the harvest 庆祝丰收
8._with joy 高兴地
9.after all 毕竟
Ⅱ.单元语块运用
1.完成句子
①中国有许多传统节日,例如端午节、中秋节和春节。
There are many traditional festivals in China, such as the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid Autumn Festival and the Spring Festival.
②坦率地说,中秋节的气氛绝对是意义重大的。
To be frank, the atmosphere of the Mid Autumn Festival is_absolutely significant.
③中秋节是一个家庭团聚的特殊时刻,在农历八月十五。
The Mid Autumn Festival, _a special occasion for family to gather, falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth month of the lunar year.
④农历八月十五是庆祝丰收的日子,人们会高兴地观赏美丽的月亮。
The fifteenth day of the eighth month of the lunar year celebrates the harvest and people admire the beautiful moon_with joy.
⑤毕竟,据说那天月亮是最大最亮的。
After all, the moon that day is said to be the biggest and brightest.
2.句式升级
⑥将句⑤升级为含形式主语的句子
After all, it is said that the moon that day is the biggest and brightest.
■妙笔成篇
____________________________________________________________________
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One possible version:
Dear Jonah,
I'm glad to know that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals and want to experience one of them.
There are many traditional festivals in China, such as the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid Autumn Festival and the Spring Festival. To be frank, the atmosphere of the Mid Autumn Festival is absolutely significant. I really hope you can come and spend the festival with me.
The Mid Autumn Festival, a special occasion for family to gather, falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth month of the lunar year. The fifteenth day of the eighth month of the lunar year celebrates the harvest and people admire the beautiful moon with joy. After all, it is said that the moon that day is the biggest and brightest. It's also a day to eat special foods like mooncakes.
I am looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
提能训练四 读后续写12——从不同维度增加对活动或节日的描述
Ⅰ.选词填空(中国传统节日)
reflect, fall on, tend to, characterize, symbolize, unique, it is believed that, connect with
1.Characterized by diverse themes, traditional Chinese festivals are an important part of our history and culture, both in ancient and modern times. Many of the customs 2.connected with the traditional festivals have links with religious origins, superstitions (迷信) or myths. Almost every festival has its own 3.unique origins and customs which 4.reflect the traditional practices of the whole Chinese nation and its people. For example, Chinese New Year 5.tends to begin with various preparations, including buying presents, decorations, food and clothing. Cleaning is another vital activity, because 6.it is believed that by doing so, people can sweep away any trace of bad luck. Another example is the Lantern Festival, which 7.falls on the first full moon night in the Chinese calendar, marking the return of spring and 8.symbolizing the reunion of family.
Ⅱ.迷你语料库(神态描写——喜悦)
1.His face beamed and his bright smile lit up the room when the mother kissed the baby on the cheek.
2.Anne's face started to light up. There was a flush of hope. Her eyes gleamed and her fragile face broke into a smile.
PAGE
19UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
(一)高频重点词汇/分类记忆,用时少,功效高
Ⅰ.阅读词汇·读懂
默想下面单词的词性及含义,不会的在□中做出标记并核对识记。
□1.moral  □2.virtue  □3.dilemma
□4.tuition □5.fee □6.union
□7.scholarship □8.physician □9.colleague
□10.clinic □11.faraway □12.elsewhere
□13.staff □14.saving □15.kindergarten
□16.entrust □17.insurance □18.faint
□19.midnight □20.import □21.export
□22.pole □23.lap □24.lip
□25.chairman □26.waitress □27.disguise
□28.maple □29.cart □30.spill
□31.limp □32.despair □33.might
□34.fable □35.court □36.tension
[自主核对区]
1.adj.道德的;道义上的 n.品行;道德;寓意 2.n.高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质 3.n.进退两难的境地;困境 4.n.(小组)教学;讲课 5.n.专业服务费;报酬 6.n.协会;联合会;工会 7.n.奖学金 8.n.医师;(尤指)内科医生 9.n.同事;同僚 10.n.诊所;门诊部 11.adj.遥远的 12.adv.在别处;去别处 13.n.员工;全体职员 14.n.节省物;节省;节约;[pl.]储蓄金;存款 15.n.学前班;幼儿园 16.vt.委托;交付 17.n.保险;保险业 18.vi.昏倒;晕厥 adj.不清楚的;微弱的 19.n.子夜;午夜 20.n. 进口;进口商品 vt.进口;输入;引进 21.n. 出口;出口商品 vt.出口;输出;传播 22.n.(行星的)极;地极 23.n.(坐着时的)大腿部;(跑道等的)一圈 24.n.嘴唇 25.n.主席;主持人;董事长 26.n.(餐馆的)女服务员;女侍者 27.vt. 装扮;假扮;掩盖 n.伪装;化装用具 28.n.枫树;槭树
29.n.手推车;运货马车 30.vt.&vi.(使)洒出;(使)溢出 31.vi.跛行;一瘸一拐地走 32.n.绝望 vi.绝望;感到无望 33.n.力量;威力 34.n.寓言;寓言故事 35.n.(网球等的)球场;法院;法庭 36.n.紧张关系;紧张;焦虑
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
1.whisper vi.&vt. 悄声说;耳语;低语
n. (耳语)声;低语(声);传言;谣传
2.precious adj. 珍稀的;宝贵的
3.passive adj. 被动的;顺从的
4.hire vt. 聘任;雇用;租用
n. 租借;租用
5.decade n. 十年;十年期
6.publish vt. 发表(作品);出版
7.principle n. 道德原则;法则;原则
8.replace vt. 接替;取代;更换
9.bite vt.& vi. 咬;叮;蜇
n. 咬;(咬下的)一口咬伤
10.memory n. 记忆力;回忆
11.chain n. 一连串(人或事);链子;链条
12.tear n. 眼泪;泪水
13.income n. 收入;收益
14.therefore adv. 因此;所以
[语境活用]——根据汉语意思填写单词
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) The next morning he hired(租用) a boat and set out to find the well known painter.
2.(2020·天津卷7月)Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published(出版) his first novel.
3.(2020·新高考山东卷满分作文)Therefore(因此), we all think highly of it, and expect more activities like this in the future.
4.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering(低语) support.
5.I would appreciate it very much if you could give us some precious(宝贵的) advice on how to improve our online English school.
6.The factory replaced(代替) most of its workers with robots.
7.They said goodbye to the villagers, with tears(眼泪) rolling down their cheeks.
8.We must follow the principle(原则) that education should be fair to everyone.
9.Thanks to their support and help, we were not so badly off during the past decade(十年).
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
1.illustrate vt.(举例)说明;阐明;加插图→illustration n.(书、杂志等中的)图表,插图;图解→illustrator n.(书等的)插图画家
2.marry vt.结婚→married adj.已婚的→marriage n.婚姻
3.majority n.大部分;大多数→major adj.主要的;严重的 vi.主修
4.complain vi.&vt.抱怨;发牢骚→complaint n.抱怨
5.respond vt.回答;回复vi.做出反应;回应→response n.回答;反应
6.reject vt.拒绝;抛弃→rejection n.拒绝;抛弃;否决
7.appoint vt.约定;任命;委派→appointment n.约会;任命 →appointed adj.约定的
8.elect vt.选举;推选→election n.选举;推选;当选
9.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于→tendency n.倾向;趋势
10.retire vi.&vt.退休;退职;退出→retirement n.退休→retired adj.退休的→retiree n.退休人员
11.scare vt.&vi.惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的;害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的;可怕的
12.sharp adj.锐利的;急剧的→sharply adv.严厉地;猛烈地;急剧地→sharpen v.使变锋利→sharpener n.铅笔刀;磨具
13.accident n.事故;车祸;失事→accidental adj.意外的→accidentally adv.意外地
14.operate v.操作;经营→operator n.操作员;接线员→operation n.操作;经营;手术
15.assist vt.帮助;援助→assistance n.帮助;协助→assistant n.助手;售货员
16.pregnant adj.怀孕的;妊娠的→pregnancy n.怀孕
17.harm n.&vt.损害;危害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
18.flexible adj.灵活的;可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地 →flexibility n.灵活性
[语境活用]——用所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2020·江苏卷)The public health emergency response(respond) was lowered to Level 2 in the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region.
2.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)The purpose of the HUNCH program is not to sharpen (sharp) students' communication skills.
3.The manager complained to us about there being too many complaints from customers this month.(complain)
4.The fashion illustrator showcases 100 items which are believed will never go out of style for any woman using vivid illustrations. (illustrate)
5.Mary and I had appointed to meet at the shopping center, but she failed to keep the appointment, so I was very angry.(appoint)
6.Tom is an assistant teacher in the college. He often assists the students with their problems and gives assistance to any student in need.(assist)
7.He retired from the post as a manager. After his retirement, he settled down in a remote village.(retire)
8.I've been rejected by all the universities I applied to. My family was quite disappointed to learn that all my applications have met with rejection.(reject)
9.The storm tends to hit our city, and we will observe the tendency of it closely.(tend)
10.Eating too much every day is harmful to our health;that is to say,eating too much every day does harm to our health.(harm)
11.The operator is operating the big machine according to the operation guidance.(operate)
12.In ancient China,marriage decisions are often made by parents for their children. However, they got married without their parents' permission.(marry)
13.It was a scary story and children were scared after they heard it.(scare)
14.Though he failed many times in election, he never lost heart and at last he was elected President of the USA.(elect)
(二)高频短语串记/记牢用活,不枯燥,兴趣高
单元短语·再现
1.carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
2.tend to do sth. 易于做某事;往往会发生某事
3.in memory of 作为对……的纪念
4.trip over 被……绊倒
5.in tears 流着泪;含着泪
6.in despair 处于绝望中
7.a great deal (of) 大量
8.pass away 去世
9.first aid 急救
[语境活用]——选用左栏短语填空
1.(2020·新高考山东卷)Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
2.(2020·新高考山东卷)Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.
3.(2019·天津卷)Some people tend to look down upon disabled people and regard them as unfit for a regular life.
4.He was about to give up the attempt in despair when suddenly he heard a helicopter.
?会积累(日积月累,联想发散)
1.与“婚姻”有关的高频词汇集锦
①marriage n. 婚姻
②marry v. 结婚
③bride n. 新娘
④bridegroom n. 新郎
⑤divorce n. 离婚
⑥wedding n. 婚礼
⑦fall in love 相爱;爱上
⑧break up 分手
2.“因此”家族
①therefore adv. 因此;所以
②so conj. 因此;所以
③thus adv. 因此;于是
④consequently adv. 因此;所以
⑤as a result 因此;结果
3.与“雇用;辞退”有关的词汇
①hire vt.& n. 雇用
②employ vt. 雇用
③take on 雇用
④fire vt. 解雇;开除
⑤dismiss vt. 解雇;开除
⑥lay off 解雇
(三)重点句型仿写/背熟巧用,造佳句,表达高
背佳句 明句型 巧仿写
To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说,没有什么比生命更珍贵…… 否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义 1.作为一名学生,我可以告诉你,没有什么比在同学们面前被老师表扬更好的了。As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by the teacher before classmates.
She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她很快成为北京协和医院妇产科的第一名女性住院医师。 the+序数词+n.+to do sth. 2.如果你是最后一个离开房间的人,记得关灯。If you are the last person to leave the room, remember to turn off the light.
Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.尽管情况困难,白求恩大夫还是尽其所能帮助中国人民。 whatever引导名词性从句 3.她对于我们来说非常珍贵,我们已准备好要不惜一切代价去挽救她的生命。She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do whatever it takes to save her life.
Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.她和她的朋友都没想过把石头从路上移开。 “neither...nor...”意为“既不……也不……” 4.昆明是一个美丽的城市,一年四季既不冷也不热。Kunming is a beautiful city, where it's neither too hot nor too cold all over the year.
response n.回答;反应;回复
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏卷)The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.
②In response to their hospitality,we wrote a thank you note.
[再写美]——补全句子/同义替换
③Lang Ping didn't respond to(回答) the question that reporter asked.
→Lang Ping made no response to the question that reporter asked.
(1)in response to 作为对……的回应
make a/no response to... 对……(不)予以回答
(2)respond v. 反应;回复;回答
respond to 响应;对……作出反应;回答
[佳句背诵] In response to the Sunshine Sports Activities launched by our school, we have organized long distance running in the morning. 为了响应学校发起的阳光体育活动,我们组织了早上长跑活动。
[名师点津] respond主要用作不及物动词,若后接宾语应借助介词to;作及物动词时,后接that从句可引出直接引语。
appoint v.任命;委派;约定;指定
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①I regret to tell you that I can't travel to Nanjing with you at the appointed(appoint) time.
②(2018·北京卷)Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment(appoint) for next Wednesday afternoon.
③(浙江卷)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed to guard(guard) her.
[再写美]——句式升级
④(普通表达)He was appointed as headmaster of the school. He spared no effort to improve its teaching quality.
(高级表达)Appointed as headmaster of the school, he spared no effort to improve its teaching quality.(分词作状语)
(1)appoint sb.as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)appointment n. 任命;约会
make an appointment with sb.  与某人约会
keep an appointment 守约
break an appointment 违约
(3)appointed adj.  (时间,地点)事先约定好的
[佳句背诵] I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
我被任命负责安排那天的所有活动。
tend vi.往往,趋向 vt.照看,护理;招待;照料
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)While I tend to buy(buy) a lot of books,these three were given to me as gifts.
②There is an increasing tendency(tend) for women to have children later in life.
③The doctors in this hospital are tending to the wounded.
[再写美]——同义替换
④He tends to help those students who are in trouble.
→He has a tendency to help those students who are in trouble.
(1)tend to do... 倾向于做……;往往会……
tend (to) sb. 照顾某人
(2)tendency n. 倾向,趋势;偏好
have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向
[佳句背诵] If you do not understand the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, you will tend to find it difficult to learn Tang poetry.
如果你不提前了解唐朝的历史,你往往会发现很难学会唐诗。 (全国卷Ⅰ)
scare vt.使恐惧 vi.受惊吓
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·浙江卷7月)Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off/away.
②(2018·天津卷) My mum would be worried sick if I didn't come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared(scare).
③The scared look suggested that there must be something scary around her.(scare)
[再写美]——补全句子/句式升级
④The salesman scared the old lady into signing(恐吓老妇人签了) the paper by threatening to take away the goods.
⑤(普通表达) The child was scared of(害怕) the fierce dog and didn't go to his home.
⑥(高级表达)Scared of the fierce dog, the child didn't go to his home. (形容词短语作状语)
(1)scare sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事
scare...away/off 把……吓跑
(2)scared adj. 恐惧的;惊恐的
be scared to death 吓得要死
be scared to do sth./of doing sth. 害怕做某事
(3)scary adj. 恐怖的;可怕的
[佳句背诵] Mary heard a strange sound at midnight outside her house and got scared.
半夜的时候玛丽听到房子外面有一个奇怪的声音,感到很害怕。
replace vt.代替;取代;更换;把……放回原处
[先练会]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)What would happen if consumers replaced old products with/by new electronics that serve more than one function
②She replaced the books after reading and fell asleep. 把……放回原处
[再写美]——一句多译
找一个人来代替现在的经理是不容易的。
③It would be difficult to find a man in place of the present manager.
④It would be difficult to find a man to replace the present manager.
⑤It would be difficult to find a man to take the place of the present manager.
(1)replace...with/by...  用……替换……
(2)take the place of=take one's place 代替
(3)in place of 代替
[佳句背诵] Computers have replaced humans in many fields, making our work much easier and more efficient. 在很多领域电脑已经代替了人类,使得我们的工作更容易和更高效。
[名师点津] (1)in place of是介词短语,不单独作谓语;
(2)replace、take one's place 和take the place of 是动词(短语),可作谓语。
operation n.手术;企业;经营
[先练会]——写出下列句中operate的词性及含义
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. vi.运转
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Computers are much easier to operate. vt.操作
③If the doctor had operated on him earlier,he wouldn't have died. vi.动手术
④My parents used to operate a small restaurant near the train station. vt.经营
⑤This kind of material operates as a very effective protection. vi.起作用
[再写美]——微写作
⑥我们必须尽快实施计划。
We must bring the plan into operation as soon as possible.
(1)be in operation 在运转;在行动中;在实施中
come/go into operation 开始工作/生效
put/bring...into operation 实施;实行
(2)operate v. 经营;动手术;操作(机器);运转;运作
operate on/upon sb. 给某人动手术
[佳句背诵] First of all, I took a similar job last year, which makes me experienced in operating computers and will surely help me do a better job.
首先,我去年做过类似的工作,这使我在操作电脑方面有了经验,这一定会帮助我更好地完成工作。
[名师点津] “经营, 管理”表达如下:
manage;operate;run
assist v.帮助;协助;援助
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①We're looking for volunteers who would be willing to assist us with the group's work.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ) For assistance(assist),please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.
③Here are some good sources of information to assist you in making(make) the best selection.
[再写美]——微写作
④我希望你能帮助我们更多地了解英国和西方文化,这能增进我们的理解并有助于我们建立良好的关系。
I hope you can assist us to learn more about England and Western culture, which can increase our understanding and help build good relationships between us.
(1)assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
(2)assistance n. 帮助;协助
with the assistance/help of 在……的帮助下
(3)assistant n. 助手,助理;售货员
[佳句背诵] To assist the students in learning Chinese better,our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
为了帮助学生更好地学习汉语,我们学校决定给你们的汉语班捐赠一些图书。
harm n.& v.伤害;损害
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①There is no harm in giving gifts to children,but they should not be rewards.
②It is believed that watching violence on TV is harmful(harm) to children.
[再写美]——一句多译
众所周知,吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。
③What is known to us is that eating too much junk food is harmful to your health.(harmful adj.)
④It is known to us that eating too much junk food does harm to your health.(harm n.)
(1)do/cause harm to sb.  对某人造成伤害
There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事无害处。
(2)harmful adj. 有害的,造成伤害的
be harmful to... 对……有害
[佳句背诵] At present, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, doing serious harm to life and the environment. 目前,违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见,这对生活和环境造成了极大的危害。
carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①You'll have an accident if you carry on driving like that.
②First of all, the most significant thing is to set a goal, work out a plan and carry out your plan step by step.
[再写美]——同义替换
③If you continue working like that, you will break down sooner or later.
→If you carry on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.
carry/go on with sth./doing sth. 继续做某事
carry out 实行;执行;进行;履行(诺言、义务等)
[佳句背诵] The warmth and strength of their relationship carried them through difficult times.
他们相互关心,关系牢固,才熬过了艰难岁月。
in memory of 作为对……的纪念;追念
[先练会]——用“in+n.+of”的相关短语填空
①Some people are in favour of education reform, while others are against it.
②Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales please
③The couple held a dinner party in celebration of their wedding anniversary.
[再写美]——微写作
④随着端午节的临近,我们计划举行一场龙舟赛,以纪念古代著名诗人屈原。
With the Dragon Boat Festival approaching, we are planning to hold a dragon boat race in memory of/in honour of the famous ancient poet Qu Yuan.
in favour of 支持;赞同;对……有利
in face of 面临;面对
in honour of 为纪念……;祝贺……;
为了向……表示敬意
in charge of 负责;掌管
in celebration of 为了庆祝……
in search of 寻找
[佳句背诵] They built a monument in memory of those who died in the great earthquake.
为了纪念在大地震中死去的人们,他们建了一座纪念碑。
a great deal (of) 大量
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①During 2020 Qingdao Beer Festival, a great deal of beer was sold(sell) out.
②The number of people invited was(be) fifty, but a number of them were(be) absent for different reasons.
③Every day large quantities of waste water are poured(pour) into rivers without being cleaned.
[再写美]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)Jackie has worked at many different hospitals—including one in Scotland.
(高级表达)Jackie has worked at a great(good) many/a number of different hospitals—including one in Scotland.
表示“许多”的短语有:
(1)a great (good) many/a large (great) number of
修饰可数名词复数
(2)a great (large) amount of/a great deal of
修饰不可数名词
(3)a lot of/lots of/a large quantity of/quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词
[名师点津] 无论quantities of修饰的是可数名词还是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词都用复数;large amounts of修饰不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义
(教材P16)To a person nothing is more precious than their life...
对一个人来说,没有什么比生命更珍贵……
[先练会]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①So many people gave me a willing hand when I was in trouble, and it was not until then that I realized nobody was happier(happy) than I was.
②When talking with the elderly,you can't be too polite/polite enough(再礼貌也不为过).
[再写美]——一句多译
在他看来,在空闲时间阅读原著最有趣。
③In his view, nothing is more enjoyable than reading books in the original in his spare time.(否定词+比较级)
④From his point of view, reading books in the original is the most enjoyable thing in his spare time.
表示最高级含义的特殊结构:
(1)“否定词+比较级”意为“没有比……更……;没有像……一样……”,常用的否定词有no、not、never、nothing、nobody、hardly等。
(2)can/could+never/not+...+
[佳句背诵] And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我们情绪低落或感到孤独,那么没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”
(教材P20)Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
她和她的朋友都没想过把石头从路上移开。
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①Neither the museum nor the library seems(seem) attractive to her.
②Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes(take) great interest in the piano lessons now.
[再写美]——句式升级
③(普通表达)The teacher is not content with the result. The students are not content with the result, either.
(高级表达)Neither the teacher nor the students are content with the result.
(1)“neither...nor...”意为“既不……也不……”,连接句中两个并列的句子成分。连接主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。
(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词:
either...or... 不是……就是……
not only...but also... 不仅……而且……
not...but... 不是……而是……
[佳句背诵] Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
没有动力,既无法设定目标也无法实现目标。(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
提能训练一 阅读理解障碍词
Ⅰ.语境辨义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said. n.收入
2.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.
adv.道义上,道德上
3.(江苏卷)It is beneficial to some people,while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not. n.困境,窘境
4.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three and a half hours. adj.微弱的
Ⅱ.熟词生义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1.When her husband left home she felt rejected and useless. adj.被慢待的
2.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different cities.
n.一系列,一连串
3.They plan to operate from a new office in Edinburgh. v.经营,营业
4.(浙江卷)Last October,while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots and was about to throw them away. v.照料,照管
Ⅲ.一词多义——根据语境选出sharp的词性及含义
1.(2020·浙江卷7月)Others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. D
2.(2020·浙江卷7月)Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age. B
3.(重庆卷)Through all the noise came a sharp warning cry. C
4.The other end of the twig (细枝) is sharpened into a sharp point to use as a toothpick. A
提能训练二 课文语法填空
When she was five years old, Lin Qiaozhi was 1.deeply(deep) affected by her mother's death. At age 18, she chose to study medicine instead of 2.following(follow) the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls. Eight years later Lin graduated 3.from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC). She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. Within six months, she was named a chief resident physician, a position 4.that/which usually took four years to achieve. After working for a few years, she 5.was sent(send) to study in Europe and then, in the US. She greatly impressed her American colleagues and was invited. However, she rejected the offer. In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever 6.to be appointed(appoint) director of the OB GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. Dr Lin opened a private clinic 7.to help(help) people in need and charged very low fees and often reduced costs for poor patients. At times she was even seen 8.riding(ride) a donkey to faraway villages.
The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing 9.a key role. In 1954, she was elected to the first National People's Congress and held many important 10.positions(position).
Though she never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
提能训练三 用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
请阅读下面这则寓言,并按照要求用英语写一篇80词左右的文章。
On a sunny day a shepherd(牧羊人) walked with his two hungry sheep along a winding country path. He managed to have them tied to each other just in case they should go separately. It was quite a long time before they arrived at a place where there was merely a small amount of fresh grass on each side of the path. Both of the sheep were so hungry that they hurried to the grass but in the separate directions. Unfortunately the rope fastening(系牢) them was not long enough. No matter how hard they struggled, neither was able to reach the grass in front of them.
The shepherd was about to help them when he was surprised to find that one of them should voluntarily abandon the struggle, and went along with the other. Consequently, together the two sheep enjoyed the fresh grass on one side happily, and then the grass on the other.
(1)概述上面这则寓言的主要内容;
(2)就此则寓言谈谈你的想法,内容包括:①从这则寓言中,你获得了哪些启示?②结合该寓言给你的启示,谈谈你在生活中是如何做的。
■审题谋篇
■遣词造句
Ⅰ.单元相关语块
1.fable n. 寓言;寓言故事
2.therefore adv. 因此;所以
3.virtue n. 高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质
4.assist vt. 帮助;援助
Ⅱ.单元语块运用
1.完成句子
①这则寓言与读者分享了一个关于两只羊的故事。为了吃到两侧的青草它们选择合作而不是竞争。
The fable shares a story about two sheep with readers. Both of them choose cooperation rather than competition_in order to eat the fresh grass of both sides.
②事实上,这则寓言反映出不同的态度可能导致不同的结果。
As a matter of fact, the fable mirrors that different attitudes may_lead to different results.
③合作可以创造双赢的局面。在这种局面里,双方都能得益于共同努力的优秀品质。
Cooperation can create a win win situation. In this situation both sides can benefit by the virtue of joint efforts.
④在日常生活中,我经常和同学们在打篮球、参加跑步比赛或社区服务活动的时候合作。
In my daily life, I often cooperate with my classmates when playing basketball and taking part in races or community service activities.
⑤同时,作为回报,我也尽力去帮助他们。
Meanwhile, I also do my best to assist them in return.
⑥团队合作帮助我们获得了许多胜利。
Teamwork helps us win numerous victories.
2.句式升级
⑦将句①升级为含有定语从句的句子
The fable shares a story about two sheep with readers, both of whom choose cooperation rather than competition in order to eat the fresh grass of both sides.
⑧将句③升级为含有定语从句的句子
Cooperation can create a win win situation, where/in which both sides can benefit by the virtue of joint efforts.
⑨将句⑥升级为强调句
It is teamwork that helps us win numerous victories.
■妙笔成篇
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One possible version:
The fable shares a story about two sheep with readers, both of whom choose cooperation rather than competition in order to eat the fresh grass of both sides.
As a matter of fact, the fable mirrors that different attitudes may lead to different results. As an old saying goes, union means power. A chopstick breaks easily, while a bunch of them do not. Cooperation can create a win win situation, where/in which both sides can benefit by the virtue of joint efforts.
In my daily life, I often cooperate with my classmates when playing basketball and taking part in races or community service activities. I learn a lot from my classmates and friends by following their advice. Meanwhile, I also do my best to assist them in return. It is teamwork that helps us win numerous victories.
提能训练四 读后续写13——承接上文,构成有效对话
Ⅰ.补全语段
A.It always seems impossible until it's done
B.The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched—they must be felt with the heart
C.A scientist in his laboratory is not only a technician but he is also a child placed before natural phenomena which impress him like a fairy tale
1.Marie Curie, who discovered the chemical elements polonium and radium, was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize. For her, science has great beauty, as she said, “________”.
2.As a political leader, Nelson Mandela led his people to fight for equality between black and white in South Africa. Although it took people unimaginable effort to gain freedom, he said,“________”.
3.The story of Helen Keller was made famous by her autobiography, The Story of My Life. Deaf and blind, Keller did not allow herself to be defeated by the defect. “________”, said Keller.
答案:1-3.CAB
Ⅱ.迷你语料库(神态描写——愤怒)
1.She was in such a rage that her face had taken on a boiled color and little flecks of froth (白沫) were gathering at the corner of her mouth.
2.Her great horsy face had turned the color of molten lava and her eyes were glittering with fury.
3.His teeth were chattering (咯咯作响), and with unstoppable rage in his eyes, he was like an angry lion.
PAGE
18UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES
(一)高频重点词汇/分类记忆,用时少,功效高
Ⅰ.阅读词汇·读懂
默想下面单词的词性及含义,不会的在□中做出标记并核对识记。
□1.gumbo  □2.nachos □3.chip
□4.cheese □5.spicy □6.ethnic
□7.downtown □8.mission □9.district
□10.graffiti □11.comic □12.historical
□13.immigrant □14.china □15.jazz
□16.bar □17.diagram □18.Atlantic
□19.poetry □20.jeans □21.boot
□22.mushroom □23.super □24.accessory
□25.souvenir □26.percentage □27.clothing
□28.herbal □29.neat
[自主核对区]
1.n.秋葵汤(用秋葵荚做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤) 2.n.[pl.]墨西哥玉米片 3.n.(英)炸土豆条;(美)炸薯片;芯片;碎片 4.n.干酪;奶酪 5.adj.加有香料的;辛辣的 6.adj.具有民族特色的;异国风味的;民族的;种族的 7.adv.在市中心;往市中心 8.n.传教(区);重要任务;使命 9.n.地区;区域 10.n.(pl.)涂鸦;胡写乱画 11.n.连环画杂志;漫画杂志;喜剧演员 adj.滑稽的;使人发笑的 12.adj.(有关)历史的 13.n.(外来) 移民;外侨 14.n.瓷;瓷器 15.n.爵士乐 16.n.酒吧;小吃店;小馆子 17.n.简图;图解;图表;示意图 18.adj.大西洋的 19.n.诗集;诗歌;诗作 20.n.牛仔裤 21.n.靴子 22.n.蘑菇;蕈 23.adv.特别;格外 adj.顶好的;超级的 24.n.配饰;附件;配件 25.n.纪念物;纪念品 26.n.百分率;百分比 27.n.衣服;服装 28.adj.药草的;香草的 29.adj.极好的;整洁的;整齐的
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
1.occur vi. 发生;出现
2.afterwards adv. 以后;后来
3.seek vt.&vi. 寻找;寻求;争取;(向人)请求
4.earn vt.&vi. 挣得;赚得;赢得;博得
5.claim vt.&n. 夺取(生命);宣称;断言
6.escape vi.&vt. 逃走;逃脱;避开
n. 逃跑;逃脱;解脱
7.fold vt. 包;裹;折叠;交叉
vt.&vi. (可)拆小;(可)叠平
8.climate n. 气候
9.mild adj. 温和的;和善的;轻微的
10.item n. 项目;一件商品(或物品);一条(新闻)
11.material n. 材料;布料;素材
adj. 物质的;实际的
12.series n. 一系列;连续;接连
[语境活用]——根据汉语意思填写单词
1.(2018·北京卷)If we don't stop climate(气候) change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
2.(天津卷)The following items(物品) are approved for use in residential(住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players.
3.Tom put his heart into the wildlife research, and finally his efforts earned(赢得) him great success and fame.
4.With his arms folded(交叉) before his chest, my father looked at me coldly.
5.Mr. Smith finally became famous in the field, which he had been seeking(寻找;寻求) for many years.
6.A new series of simple English reading materials(材料) for middle school students has come out this year.
7.If the climate gets drier, then the logical conclusion is that even more drought will occur(发生).
8.They managed to escape(逃脱) from the burning building by breaking down the door.
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
1.diverse adj.多种多样的;不同的→diversity n.多种多样;多样性
2.fortune n.机会;运气;财富→fortunate adj.幸运的;吉利的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地→misfortune n.不幸
3.admit vt.&vi.容许;承认;接纳;接收;准许……进入→admission n.准许加入;加入权;入场费;承认
4.definite adj.肯定→definitely adv.肯定;确实
5.select vt.挑选;选择;选拔→selection n.选择→selective adj.选择性的
6.journal n.日志;日记;刊物;报纸→journalist n.记者
7.minority n.少数民族;少数人;少数派→minor adj.较小的;次要的
8.finance n.金融;财经→financial adj.财政的;金融的;财务的→financially adv.财政地
9.poison n.毒药;毒物;毒素vt.毒害;使中毒→poisonous adj.有毒的
10.collect vt.收集→collection n.收藏品;作品集→collector n.收藏家
11.settle vt.&vi.安家;结束;解决→settler n.移民→ settlement n.解决;处理→unsettled adj.不安定的;动荡不安的
12.construct vt.建设;修建→construction n.建设;建筑物;结构→constructive adj.建设性的→constructor n.建造者 
13.contain vt.包含;含有;容纳→container n.容器
[语境活用]——用所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2021·浙江卷1月)The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained(contain) in their gestures and actions.
2.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection(collect) in the Museum.
3.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions(admit) and practical life skills.
4.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Professors are not trained nurses,financial(finance) aid experts or your best friends.
5.Tom is often fortunate. Last year he went to Shanghai to try his fortune. Fortunately,he met his girlfriend and got married there.(fortune)
6.The manager was sent to settle the problem but different opinions of two sides destroyed all the hopes of a peaceful settlement.(settle)
7.People from diverse cultures hold different understanding on the play and this diversity of opinions makes it hard to reach an agreement at the meeting.(diverse)
8.The poison that this fish produces is 275 times more poisonous than the chemical which is usually used to kill rats. (poison)
9.There are 55minorities in our country and there are some minor differences between them.(minor)
10.The great bridge under construction is designed by Chinese engineers and it will take about a year to construct the large bridge.(construct)
(二)高频短语串记/记牢用活,不枯燥,兴趣高
单元短语·再现
1.head to (朝……)前进;(向……)去
2.seek one's fortune 寻找成功致富之路;闯世界
3.earn a living 谋生
4.series of 一系列或一连串(事件)
5.apart from 除了……外(还);此外
6.bring about 导致;引起
7.(at) first hand 第一手;亲自
8.to name but a few 仅举几例
[语境活用]——选用左栏短语填空
1.(2018·天津卷)The training schedule, apart from regular training, includes joining in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions.
2.Li Hua was born and brought up in a small mountainous village, where people mainly earned a living by farming.
3.It must be a great comfort to you to have all the news at first hand instead of from others.
?会积累(日积月累,联想发散)
1.后缀 or表示“人”的高频名词
①constructor 建造者
②conductor (公车)售票员;列车员;(乐队)指挥
③translator 翻译家;译者
④director 导演;主管
⑤educator 教育工作者
⑥operator 操作员;接线员
⑦inventor 发明家;发明者
2.后缀 sion高频名词集锦
①admission 承认;允许进入
②impression 印象
③possession 拥有
④conclusion 结论
⑤confusion 困惑;混淆
⑥decision 决定
⑦persuasion 劝说
3.以字母e结尾的形容词直接加 ly 变副词荟萃
①fortunate→fortunately
②polite→politely
③wide→widely
④rude→rudely
⑤entire→entirely
⑥extreme→extremely
(三)重点句型仿写/背熟巧用,造佳句,表达高
背佳句 明句型 巧仿写
There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge.这里有许多美丽的老建筑,许多坐落在大山顶上,从那里可以看到城市、大海和金门大桥的美景。 独立主格结构 1.向导带路,我们毫不费力地走出了森林。The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
Many of the people living here are from Mexico or Central America.住在这里的许多人来自墨西哥或中美洲。 v. ing形式作定语 2.脏兮兮的窗帘挂在沾满灰尘的窗前,我可以透过它们观看大自然。I can look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.
The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English fluently.唐人街的大多数居民仍然是华裔,他们中的许多人英语说得并不流利。 “不定代词/数词/名词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句 3.最近我买了一个古代的花瓶,它的价钱很合理。Recently I bought an antique vase,the price of which was very reasonable.
These days, the square is a great place to see traditional Chinese culture in real life, such as games of Chinese chess, and people practising tai chi. 现在,这个广场是在现实生活中了解中国传统文化的好地方,如中国象棋游戏,还有练习太极的人。 动词不定式作定语 4.多亏你的鼓励,我最终有面对挑战的勇气。Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage to face the challenge.
admit vt.& vi.(admitted, admitted)允许进入,允许;承认;接纳;接收
[先练会]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
① As a man, you should have the courage to admit having made(make) mistakes.
②Admission(admit) to British universities depends on examination results.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The music festival will be shown in the hall which can admit 1,600 students. 容纳
[再写美]——微写作
④我已经成功地成了全运会的志愿者,它将于今年八月底举行。
I have successfully got admitted as a volunteer for the National Games, which is scheduled to be held at the end of this August.
(1)admit doing/having done/that...  承认……
admit sb./sth.to be... 承认某人/某物……
It is admitted that... 人们公认……
(2)be admitted to/into 被接纳进入;被录取到……
be/get admitted as 作为……被接受
(3)admission n. 准许进入;入场费;承认
[佳句背诵] The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to be admitted to my favorite university will come true. 考试结果可能会如所预料的那样,我被我最喜爱的大学录取的梦想将会实现。
occur vi.(occurred, occurred)发生;出现;(想法、念头等)想起,浮现
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred (occur) billions of years ago.
②It did not occur to me to check my insurance policy.
③A good idea occurred_to me when I woke up this morning.
[再写美]——一句多译
他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。
④It occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.(occur)
⑤It hit/struck him that he had left his keys in the office.(hit/strike)
sth.occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb.that... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起要做某事
[佳句背诵] Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurred to you. 除了精彩的创新,你还需要提交一份报告,解释你是如何想到这个主意的。
[名师点津] 表达“某人突然想起某事”的句型还有:
(1)sth. hits/strikes sb.
(2)It hits/strikes sb. that从句
(3)es up with sth.
seek vt.& vi.(sought, sought)寻找;探索;寻求;(向人)请求
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①The shopkeeper is trying to seek for a better way to win his customers back, perhaps with a discount.
②I sought(seek) advice from my teacher when I got into trouble in school.
③We seek to help(help) every student discover the joy and fulfillment in the process of learning.
[再写美]——微写作
④你忙于做作业、做运动、交朋友和追求梦想。
You are busy doing homework, playing sports, making friends, and seeking after your dreams.
seek for/after 寻找/追求
seek sth.from sb. 向某人寻求某物
seek one's fortune 寻找致富之路;碰运气
seek to do sth. 试图做某事
[佳句背诵] The fact is that nowadays many young people are seeking their fortune in big cities. 事实是现在很多年轻人正在大城市寻找发财的机会。
[联想发散] 表示“寻找”的短语还有:
①look for; ②search for; ③hunt for; ④in search of
claim v.声称;主张;认领;索赔;(疾病,意外)夺去(生命) n.声明;声称
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①So far nobody has claimed(claim) the money discovered in the library.
②a.There are a number of products and technologies that claim to provide(provide) these benefits.
b.Fishermen and sailors claimed to have seen(see) monsters in the sea.
[再写美]——微写作
③据说幽默不仅影响病人的情绪,而且还有助于病人快速康复。
It is claimed that humor not only affects patients' moods, but also helps them recover faster.
(1)claim to do/that... 声称/主张做……
claim to have done sth. 声称做过某事
It is claimed that... 据说……
(2)make a claim for... 要求;对……提出赔偿要求
[佳句背诵] Earthquakes have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.
在过去的100年中,地震夺去了超过160万人的生命。
escape v.(escaped, escaped)逃跑;逃脱;逃避;被忘记 n.逃跑;解脱,消遣
[先练会]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①(2020·天津卷7月)The thief tries_to escape(escape). And the officer can't let him get away.
②Compared with the escaped(escape) driver, I am proud of what I did.
③It was owing to my ignorance that his name escaped me. 被遗忘
[再写美]——补全句子/句式升级
④(普通表达)The woman managed to escape from the fire(逃离火灾) with her baby.She was extremely terrified and exhausted.
⑤(高级表达)The woman managed to escape from the fire with her baby, extremely terrified and exhausted. (形容词作状语)
(1)escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事
escape from... 从……逃脱;逃避
escape one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意
(2)a narrow escape 九死一生;死里逃生
(3)escaped adj. 逃跑了的
[佳句背诵] Last year I had a narrow escape,so I don't want to risk my life a second time.
去年我死里逃生,因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。
[名师点津] “不一样的”忘记,遗忘:
(1)sth. escape(s) sb. 某人遗忘某事
(2)sb. forget(s) sth. 某人忘记某事
bring about 导致;引起
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.
②The test can strengthen the health awareness, but it is likely to bring about over anxiety.
③He encouraged his students to constantly bring forth new ideas in painting and to obtain even better results.
[再写美]——微写作
④他把手伸进袋子里,拿出一把小麦样品。
He dipped into the bag and brought out a handful of sample wheat.
⑤政府已采取措施降低日用品的高价格,以保持市场稳定。
The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
bring up 抚养;培养;教育;提出;呕吐
bring forth 生产,产出; 提出
bring down 降低;使倒下
bring in 引进;收入;领……进来
bring out 出版;拿出,揭露
[佳句背诵] On (the) one hand, computers improve the working efficiency;on the other hand,they also bring about some new problems.
一方面,计算机提高了工作效率;另一方面,它们也带来了一些新的问题。
独立主格结构
(教材P28)There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge.
这里有许多美丽的老建筑,许多坐落在大山顶上,从那里可以看到城市、大海和金门大桥的美景。
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①The plan successfully carried(carry) out, everything worked out perfectly.
②So much work to do(do), we have no time to play.
③The boy leading(lead) the way, we found his house with no difficulty.
[再写美]——句型转换
④If all things are considered, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.
→All things considered, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.(独立主格结构)
独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致,它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。独立主格结构的常用形式:
(1)逻辑主语+现在分词;
(2)逻辑主语+过去分词;
(3)逻辑主语+动词不定式;
(4)逻辑主语+形容词/副词/名词/介词短语
[佳句背诵] We have three large multi media classrooms in our school, each equipped with the newest computers.
我们学校有三个大的多媒体教室,每一间都配备了最新的电脑。
v. ing形式作定语
(教材P28)Many of the people living here are from Mexico or Central America. 住在这里的许多人来自墨西哥或中美洲。
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①Today there are more airplanes carrying(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.
②Have you got anything to send(send)
③Have you read the novel written(write) by Dickens
④Listen!The song being sung(sing) is popular with the students.
[再写美]——微写作
⑤这座寺庙的悠久历史可以追溯到唐朝早期。
The temple has a long history dating back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty.
⑥受邀参加招待会的客人中有一半是外国大使。
Half of the guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors.
(1)v. ing形式作定语表主动或正在进行;现在分词的被动式being done 表被动、正在进行;
(2)不定式to do 作定语表主动、将来;不定式的被动式to be done表被动、将来;过去分词done表被动、完成。
[佳句背诵] (1)There is a small river flowing through the farm. 一条小河流经农场。(2020·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
(2)The young man accused of stealing a car was from a foreign country.
被指控偷车的那个年轻人来自国外。
提能训练一 阅读理解障碍词
Ⅰ.语境辨义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1.(2020·江苏卷)The class experiment that day was to show how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. n.容器
2.(天津卷)My ten year old was growing and changing right before my eyes,into this determined human being with a passion and a mission. n.使命
3.(浙江卷)Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits,or in some cases,citizenship. n.移民
4.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Secondly, if I were you, I would bring some gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country. n.纪念品
Ⅱ.熟词生义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1.The accident claimed five lives. v.夺去(生命)
2.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. n.消遣
3.She is a mild woman, who never shouts. adj.和善的,随和的
4.His outstanding ability earned him a place in the team. v.赢得
Ⅲ.一词多义——根据语境选出settle的词性及含义
A.v.结束,解决 B.v.决定,确定,安排好 C.v.定居 D.v.平静下来 E.v.降落,停留
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. C
2.The problem is hard to settle, so you'd better turn to Mr. King for help. A
3.I saw two birds settle on the fence yesterday. E
4.I took a pill to help settle my nerves. D
5.It's all settled—we're leaving on the nine o'clock plane. B
提能训练二 课文语法填空
It 1.definitely(definite) feels good to be back in San Francisco again. And the city was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake 2.that/which occurred in 1906. There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills, 3.offering(offer) great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge.
There is the Mission District near downtown, 4.one of the oldest parts of the city. Many of the people 5.living(live) here are from Mexico or Central America. This district used 6.to be(be) a poor area of town, but is now a centre for art, music, and food. In fact, an art movement 7.called(call) the “Mission School” started here. It's influenced by graffiti art and comic art. A real mix of cultures here!
In the afternoon. I headed 8.to a local museum that showed the 9.historical(history) changes in California. The museum did a really good job of showing how America was built by 10.immigrants(immigrant) from different countries and cultures.
Tomorrow evening,I'm going to a Jazz bar in the Richmond District. Can't wait!
提能训练三 用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假定成都是你的家乡,你想要把你的家乡介绍给大家,请你根据提示写一篇介绍成都的短文。
1.所在位置:中国西南部;
2.主要特点:气候温和,适合旅游;历史悠久;熊猫故乡;美食之都;
3.现代城市:高楼大厦,购物中心林立;各种交通工具都很方便,近年来开通了多条地铁线路;
4.生活方式:闲适的生活方式给所有来访者留下深刻印象。
注意:
1.词数80左右(文章的开头语已经给出,不计入总词数);
2.不要逐字翻译,表达清楚要点即可;可适当增加细节,使行文连贯。
I'm glad you're interested to know something about my hometown Chengdu.
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■审题谋篇
■遣词造句
Ⅰ.单元相关语块
1.diverse adj. 不同的;多种多样的
2.climate n. 气候
3.mild adj. 温和的;和善的;轻微的
4.be home to 是……的栖息地;是……的家园
5.be located in 位于;坐落于
6.be famous for 因……而著名
7.suit one's taste 满足某人的口味
Ⅱ.单元语块运用
1.完成句子
①成都位于中国西南部,全年气候温和,是旅游的好地方。
Chengdu, which is located in the southwest of China, has the mild climate _all year around and is a good place to visit.
②它是熊猫的家,也以其多样的美味食物和小吃而闻名,所以它可以满足每个人的口味。
It is home to the pandas and also_famous for its diverse delicious foods and snacks, so that it can _suit everyone's taste.
③至于交通,所有的交通工具都是高效和方便的。
As for traffic, all means of transportation are efficient and convenient.
④这里的生活方式是放松和舒适的,这给所有的游客留下了深刻的印象。
The lifestyle here is relaxing and comfortable, which has left a deep impression on all the visitors.
⑤我真希望有一天你们会来参观这个城市。
I really hope that some day you'll come to visit this city.
2.句式升级
⑥用过去分词短语作状语改写句①
Located in the southwest of China, Chengdu has the mild climate all year around, and is a good place to visit.
⑦用 there be句式与定语从句改写句③
As for traffic, there're all means of transportation which are efficient and convenient.
⑧用现在分词短语作状语改写句④
The lifestyle here is relaxing and comfortable, leaving a deep impression on all the visitors.
⑨用强调谓语句式改写句⑤
I do hope that some day you'll come to visit this city.
■妙笔成篇
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One possible version:
I'm glad you're interested to know something about my hometown Chengdu. And I'm now making a brief introduction about it.
Located in the southwest of China, Chengdu has the mild climate all year around, and is a good place to visit. Chengdu is a city with a long history. It is home to the pandas and also famous for its diverse delicious foods and snacks, so that it can suit everyone's taste.Chengdu is a modern city with a number of high rise buildings and big shopping malls. As for traffic, there're all means of transportation which are efficient and convenient. In recent years, many subway lines have been in use. The lifestyle here is relaxing and comfortable, leaving a deep impression on all the visitors.
I do hope that some day you'll come to visit this city.
提能训练四 读后续写14
Ⅰ.选词填空(在旅行中寻找诗和远方)
founding, the thrill, must have felt, educational, famous sights, packed with, different from, probably, ever before, marvelous, exciting
Sept. 27 is World Tourism Day. Of course, travel isn't a new discovery. Imagine how Italian traveler Marco Polo 1.must have felt when he found himself on Chinese soil, seeing a way of life quite 2.different from anything he'd seen before.
And how 3.marvelous must it have been to listen to Zhang Qian when he returned to China from his journey through Central Asia and West Asia His brain must have been 4.packed with everything he'd seen and heard, leading to the 5.founding of the Silk Road.
Travel is one of the most 6.exciting experiences a human being can have. Nowadays, more people are traveling than 7.ever before. Imagine a person who has always wanted to travel to the United States. Of course, they've 8.probably seen the Statue of Liberty a thousand times on the TV, and the White House, and all the other 9.famous sights. But none of that would compare to 10.the thrill of looking out of the cabin window as the plane lands, watching the cities and streets of the real America come into view.
Travel is not only just for fun, but also 11.educational. This learning takes place in the school of the world, not the classroom, which teaches us new words in a new language, new people, and new ways of life.
Ⅱ.迷你语料库(舒适惬意)
1.“What richness!” sighed Jo, sinking into the depth of a velour (天鹅绒) chair and gazing about her with an air of intense satisfaction.
2.Laurie enjoyed that immensely.
3.The boy lay back and laughed till the tears ran down his cheeks.
4.He took his face out of the sofa cushion, red and shining with merriment.
PAGE
15UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
(一)高频重点词汇/分类记忆,用时少,功效高
Ⅰ.阅读词汇·读懂
默想下面单词的词性及含义,不会的在□中做出标记并核对识记。
□1.astronaut □2.procedure □3.ongoing
□4.rocket □5.gravity □6.frontier
□7.orbit □8.giant □9.leap
□10.mankind □11.agency □12.data
□13.spacecraft □14.spacewalk □15.jade
□16.dock □17.solar □18.soap
□19.towel □20.microwave □21.tissue
□22.fatal □23.high end □24.monitor
□25.foam □26.pillow □27.smartphone
□28.closing □29.mystery □30.oxygen
[自主核对区]
1.n.宇航员;太空人 2.n.程序;步骤;手续 3.adj.持续存在的;仍在进行的;不断发展的 4.n.火箭;火箭弹 5.n.重力;引力 6.n.边境;国界;边远地区 7.n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围 vt. &vi. 沿轨道运行;环绕……运行 8.adj.巨大的;伟大的 n.巨人;巨兽;伟人 9.n.跳跃;剧增;剧变 vi.&vt.跳过;跃过 10.n.人类 11.n.(政府的)专门机构;服务机构;代理处 12.n.[pl.]资料;数据 13.n.航天器;宇宙飞船 14.n.太空行走;太空行走的时间 15.n.玉;翡翠;玉器 16.vi.&vt.(两架航天器)对接;使……进港 n.码头;船坞 17.adj.太阳的;太阳能的 18.n.肥皂 19.n.毛巾;抹布 20.n.微波炉 21.n.纸巾;(人、动植物细胞的)组织 22.adj.致命的;灾难性的 23.adj.高端的 24.n.监视器;监测仪 vt.监视;监测;监控 25.n.泡沫橡胶;泡沫 26.n.枕头 27.n.智能手机 28.adj.结尾的;结束的 n.停业;关闭;倒闭 29.n.神秘事物;谜 30.n.氧;氧气
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
1.vehicle n. 交通工具;车辆
2.satellite n. 人造卫星;卫星
3.launch vt.&n. 发射;发起;上市
4.desire n. 渴望;欲望
vt. 渴望;期望
5.resource n. 资源;财力;物力
6.signal vt.&vi. 标志着;标明;发信号
n. 信号;标志
7.recycle vt. 回收利用;再利用
8.muscle n. 肌肉;实力;影响力
9.lack n. 缺乏;短缺
vt. 没有;缺乏
10.float vi. 浮动;漂流;漂浮
vt. 使浮动;使漂流
11.otherwise adv. 否则;要不然
12.beyond prep. 在更远处;超出
13.facility n. 设施;设备
14.keen adj. 热衷的;渴望的
15.shallow adj. 肤浅的;浅的
16.pattern n. 模式;图案;模范
17.limited adj. 有限的
[语境活用]——根据汉语意思填写单词
1.(2020·江苏卷)China enjoys a long history and rich culture. It has always been an attraction for those who are keen(热衷的) on anything that is Chinese.
2.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) People who were owners of successful papers, had little desire(欲望) to change the tradition.
3.(2019·江苏卷)Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles(肌肉).
4.(2018·浙江卷6月)Many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled(回收利用) but require more energy to produce and transport.
5.The police have launched(发起) many campaigns to reduce road accidents since 2020.
6.He signalled(发信号) wildly for help, but nobody noticed.
7.They got two free tickets for Canada, otherwise(否则) they'd never have afforded to go.
8.When the students on the playground saw the colorful balloons floating(漂浮) in the sky, they became excited.
9.If a student lacks(缺乏) the motivation to study, he or she will quickly become tired of studying.
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
1.mental adj.精神的;思想的→mentally adv.精神地;思想地 
2.intelligent adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的→intelligence n.智力;才智;智慧
3.universe n.宇宙;天地万物→universal adj.普遍的;全体的→universally adv.全体地;一致地;共同地
4.determine v.决定;查明;确定→determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的→determination n.决心
5.transmit vt.&vi.传输;发送→transmitter n.发射器→transmission n.传输;传送
6.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n.失望;沮丧;扫兴;使人失望的人(或事物)
7.depend v.依靠;依赖→dependence n.依赖→independence n.独立→independent adj.独立的;自立的→independently adv. 独立地;自立地
8.current adj.当前的;现在的n.水流;电流;思潮→currently adv.现在;当下→currency n.货币;流行
9.sufficient adj.足够的;充足的→sufficiently adv.足以;充分地→insufficient adj.不充分的;不足的
10.globe n. 地球;世界;地球仪→global adj.全球性的;全世界的→globally adv.全球的
11.argue vt.&vi.争辩;争论;论证→argument n.争论;争吵;论点
12.analysis n.分析;分析结果→analyses(pl.)分析→analyse vt.分析
13.regular adj.规则的;定期的;经常的→regularly adv.经常;定期地→(反义词) irregular adj.不正常的;不合乎常规的→regulate v.调节;调整→regulation n.规则;规章;法规
14.attach vt.系;缚上;附加→attached adj.附加的;依恋的→attachment n.附件;依恋;爱慕
[语境活用]——用所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2020·新高考山东卷) The race was of great benefit to the participants, physically and mentally(mental).
2.He believes that all children are born with equal intelligence. And he thinks that this slow boy can be as intelligent as others if taught properly.(intelligent)
3.She is a determined girl, so we know that once she has determined to do something, she will achieve her goal with great determination.(determine)
4.Most of us are longing to be independent from our parents, because our independence shows that we've grown up but when meeting with difficulties, we'll have to depend on our parents.(depend)
5.To my parents' disappointment, my disappointing math grade greatly disappointed my parents, and their disappointed look urged me to study harder then.(disappoint)
6.There was a heated argument about whether he was suitable for the position, and most of the people argued for him.(argue)
7.Before sending your email, don't forget to check that your attachment is actually attached to the email.(attach)
8.Over the past few years, airlines have advised passengers to exercise and drink water regularly during a flight to regulate blood circulation. (regular)
9.With the teacher's help,I analysed the data of this experiment. The teacher considered my analysis is reasonable.(analyse)
(二)高频短语串记/记牢用活,不枯燥,兴趣高
单元短语·再现
1.carry on 继续做,坚持干
2.on board 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上
3.in the hope of doing sth. 抱着……的希望
4.so as to (do sth.) 为了;以便
5.figure out 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白
6.result in 导致;造成
7.as a result 所以;结果(是)
8.provide for sb. 提供生活所需
9.run out 用完;耗尽
10.in closing 最后
[语境活用]——选用左栏短语填空
1.The boat appeared a second time eight years later in the same spot, with all the six sailors alive on board.
2.We have made approaches to them in the hope of establishing a business relationship.
3.The problem of the widening gap between the rich and the poor, if not properly handled, can result in many serious social tensions.
4.Our parents send us to school so as to enable us to obtain knowledge and achieve success in the future.
?会积累(日积月累,联想发散)
1.“引起;造成;导致”短语合集
①result in 导致
②lead to 导致;造成
③contribute to 促成;有助于
④give rise to 引起;引发;使发生
⑤bring about 引起;导致
2.“v.+out”短语荟萃
①figure out 弄明白
②run out 用完
③break out 突发;爆发
④find out 查出;弄明白
⑤look/watch out 当心;提防
⑥put out 扑灭
3.“过失”与“冲突”相关词一览
①argument n. 争吵;争论
②fault n. 过错
③quarrel n. 争吵;吵架
④conflict n. 冲突
⑤mistake n. 错误
(三)重点句型仿写/背熟巧用,造佳句,表达高
背佳句 明句型 巧仿写
Mr Yang was one of the 14 pilots who were chosen to train for space flights.杨是被选中进行太空飞行训练的14名飞行员之一。 one of+名词复数+定语从句 1.这是今年已经出版的最好的小说之一。This is one of the best novels that have been published this year.
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。 make+宾语+宾补 2.看了《舌尖上的中国》,你会更容易理解为什么他决定在纽约开一家中餐馆来谋生。Having watched A Bite of China will make it easier for you to understand why he is determined to make his living by running a Chinese food restaurant in New York.
For example, using current technology, it would take over two years to get to the closest planet, Mars, and back.例如,使用当前的技术,到达最近的行星——火星后再返回将花费两年多的时间。 “it takes sb. some time to do sth.”意为“做某事花费某人多长时间” 3.他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。It took them about half an hour to work out the difficult maths problem.
While sleeping, they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.睡觉时,他们必须把自己附着在某些东西上,以防四处漂浮。 状语从句的省略 4.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)总之,我可以在给他们指导时向我们的嘉宾介绍中国画。In a word, I can introduce Chinese painting to our guests while offering them guidance.
desire n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·天津卷7月改编)The example of Galileo tells us that greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore(explore).
②We desire that immediate help (should) be given(give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.
③We all share a common desire for pleasure, connection, and something that is greater than us.
[再写美]——微写作
④(2019·北京卷满分作文)听到这个消息,我们非常兴奋,忍不住想参与其中。
On hearing the news, we were extremely excited and couldn't resist the desire to take part in/be involved in it.
[名师点津] desire作动词时不用于进行时态;当其后接宾语从句或同位语从句时,从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,其中should可省略。
(1)have a (strong) desire
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire for sth. 渴望得到某物
desire that...(should) do sth. 想要……做某事
[佳句背诵] Since you have a strong desire to learn Chinese culture, I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.
既然你渴望学习中国文化,我认为北京语言大学是你的理想去处。
(2018·北京卷满分作文)
signal n.信号;暗号;信号灯 v.发信号;示意;表明;标志
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2021·浙江卷1月)In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signalling (signal): “Climb on me.”
②(2019·北京卷)The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals(signal) that we really have changed our planet.
③The police signaled(signal) to the driver to stop his car by raising his hand.
[再写美]——微写作
④正月十五是元宵节,标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。
The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, signaling the end of the Spring Festival celebrations. (分词短语作状语)
(1)a traffic signal 交通信号
send out a signal 发出信号
(2)signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (sb.) that... 示意(某人)……
[佳句背诵] The grand military parade of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC should be a signal that China has become a rich and powerful country.
中华人民共和国成立70周年的盛大阅兵应该是中国已经成为一个富强的国家的标志。
lack v.缺乏,缺少 n.缺乏;缺少;不足
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·天津卷7月) Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
②Though lacking(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
③(2020·江苏卷)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.
[再写美]——一句多译
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)由于缺乏足够的训练,我们很难在即将到来的比赛中取胜。
④For lack of enough training, we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(介词短语作状语)
⑤Lacking enough training, we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(分词短语作状语)
⑥As we lack enough training, we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(原因状语从句)
(1)for lack of 因缺乏……
(a) lack of 缺乏……
(2)lack+n. 缺乏……
lack for+n. (多用于否定句中)需求;需要
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的;缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少
[佳句背诵] For lack of human protection, the number of Yangtze finless porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller. 由于缺乏人类的保护,长江江豚的数量正变得越来越少。
[名师点津] (1)lack作名词时常与介词of连用;
(2)lack作及物动词时直接加宾语;作不及物动词时,后常与介词for连用;
(3)形容词lacking常与in连用。
otherwise conj.否则;要不然 adv.用别的方法;其他方面;除此以外;否则;不然
[先练会]——写出下列句中otherwise的词性及含义
①(2019·天津卷)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time. conj.否则
②My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip.
adv.否则;不然
③There was some music playing upstairs. Otherwise the house was silent.
adv.除此以外
④It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers. adv.其他方面
[再写美]——微写作
⑤他生病了,否则他现在就要工作了。
He is sick,otherwise he would be working right now.
(1)otherwise作连词时,意为“否则;要不然”,相当于or、or else或if not。otherwise/or有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件,此时其后的句子要用虚拟语气。
(2)and otherwise 等等;及其他
or otherwise 或相反;或其反面
[佳句背诵] (1)Do as you're told, otherwise you'll be in trouble.
告诉你怎么做就怎么做,否则你会有麻烦。
(2)We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就给他打电话了。
argue vi.争论,辩论,说服;主张;认为
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2019·天津卷) I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument(argue).
②He argued against smoking, and insisted that it was beyond argument that smoking was harmful to health.
③There is no need for us to argue(argue) with her about this problem, for she is so stubborn.
[再写美]——一句多译
我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议,但都是徒劳的。
④We tried many ways to argue him into following our advice, but in vain.(argue)
⑤We tried many ways to persuade him to follow/into following our advice, but in vain.(persuade)
⑥We tried many ways to talk him into following our advice, but in vain.(talk)
(1)argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth. 据理力争/反对某事
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n. 论证;论据;争论;争吵
beyond argument 无可争论
[佳句背诵] It's no use arguing with him about the question for he won't change his mind. 和他争论这个问题是没有用的,因为他不会改变主意。
[联想发散] “说服某人做某事”的表达形式:
①persuade sb. to do sth.;②persuade sb. into doing sth.;③convince sb. to do sth.;④talk sb. into doing sth.
attach vt.系;贴;连接;把……固定;使附属;附加;重视
[先练会]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①This hospital attached(attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. 附加
[再写美]——微写作
③是我们高度重视节能和环保的时候了。
It is high time that we should attach great importance to energy saving and environmental protection.
(1)attach...to...  把……固定/附在……上
attach great importance/significance to sth. 认为……有重要性/意义
(2)attached adj. 依恋的
be attached to 附属于;依恋
[佳句背诵] Since the school attaches great importance to this tournament, I hope we can win a gold medal.
由于学校非常重视这次比赛,我希望我们能赢得一枚金牌。
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
result in 导致;造成
[先练会]——用result的相关短语填空
①As is known to us, positive thinking and action result in success.
②As far as I'm concerned, his failure in the competition resulted from his casual attitude.
③It rained heavily.As a result, we had to put off the sports meeting.
④We had to put off the sports meeting as a result of the heavy rain.
[再写美]——一句多译
由于缺乏社交而产生的误解,如果处理不当,可能会导致严重的问题。(分词短语作定语)
⑤Misunderstandings resulting from lack of social communication, if not handled properly, may result in serious problems.
⑥Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communication, if not handled properly, may lead to serious problems.
(1)result from/arise from  由……造成;因……而产生
(2)as a result 结果
as a result of 由于
without result 没有结果;白费
[佳句背诵] As a result of a part time job, I needn't ask my parents for pocket money.
由于做兼职工作,我不需要向父母要零花钱了。
[名师点津] (1)result in的主语是“起因”,宾语是“结果”;
(2)result from的主语是“结果”,宾语是“起因”;
(3)表示“导致”的词语还有cause、lead to、contribute to等。
provide for sb. 提供生活所需
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏卷)This well made film provides foreign audiences with a fresh way of better knowing China's past and present.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)It is necessary for you to take a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.
[再写美]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. (2018·浙江卷6月)
(高级表达)I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, provided/providing (that) my dad went with me.
(1)provide sb.with sth.=provide sth.for sb. 向某人提供某物
(2)provided (that)=providing (that) 倘若,在……情况/条件下
[佳句背诵] Famous for its graceful and well balanced movements, Tai Chi provides the mental relaxation and physical fitness, which is so essential in our modern stressful life.
太极以优雅的、平衡的动作出名,它让思想放松、身体健康,这在我们现代紧张的生活中是很重要的。
[名师点津] offer sb. sth.=offer sth.to sb.向某人提供某物
supply sb. with sth.=supply sth.to/for sb.向某人提供某物
run out (某物)用完,耗尽
[先练会]——选词填空(run out/run out of)
①(2019·北京卷)If they run out of certain daily necessities,Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed.
②Saving is very important because natural resources in our world may run out one day.
[再写美]——一句多译
如果我们继续像这样用水,我们很快就会把它用完。
③If we keep using the water like this, we will soon run out of it.(run v.)
④If we keep using the water like this, it'll soon run out.(run v.)
⑤If we keep using the water like this, we will soon use it up.(use v.)
⑥If we keep using the water like this, it'll soon be used up.(use v.)
run out of 用完
use up 用完;耗尽
give out 用完;耗尽;筋疲力尽
[佳句背诵] Care for the environment has become very important as earth's natural resources are running out.
爱护环境已变得很重要,因为地球的资源即将枯竭。
[名师点津]
(1)run out of=use up表示主动意义,主语一般是人;
(2)run out=be used up表示被动意义,主语通常是物。
“it takes sb. some time to do sth.”意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”
(教材P42)For example, using current technology, it would take over two years to get to the closest planet, Mars, and back.
例如,使用当前的技术,到达最近的行星——火星后再返回将花费两年多的时间。
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come(come) around to the opinion.
②(浙江卷)A month before the event, I spent hours working(work) out a schedule outlining my goals and practical steps.
[再写美]——微写作
③昨天我花了十分钟和店主讨价还价,最终花了10元钱买了这本书,而同一本书只花了汤姆5元钱。
Yesterday,it took me ten minutes to bargain/I spent ten minutes bargaining with the shop owner and I finally paid ten yuan for the book/spent ten yuan on the book, while the same book only cost Tom five yuan.
④作为一名刚毕业的学生,他不知道在这里创业需要什么。
As a new graduate, he doesn't know what it takes to start a business here.
“it takes sb. some time to do sth.”意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。it在句中为形式主语,后面的不定式短语to do sth.是句子的真正主语。此外,take还表示“需要”。
(1)it takes courage/patience ...to do sth. 做某事需要勇气/耐心……
(2)sb.+spend time/money on sth./(in) doing sth.
某人花费多少时间/金钱在某物上/做某事
(3)(doing) sth.+cost sb.money (做)某事花费某人多少金钱
it costs (sb.) money to do sth. 做某事花了(某人)多少钱
(4)sb.+pay (sb.) money for sth./to do sth. 某人为某物/做某事付(给某人)钱
[佳句背诵] It takes hard work to make dreams into reality. Please remember: No one can achieve anything without effort. 实现梦想需要付出艰苦的努力。请记住:没有人能够不努力就有所成就。
提能训练一 阅读理解障碍词
Ⅰ.语境辨义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Data about the moon's composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. n.数据
2.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. v.提出(想法)
3.(2018·北京卷)In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail. n.程序,步骤
4.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And there are questions about the films made outside the States,which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.
v.监控
Ⅱ.熟词生义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. n.结束,末尾
2.He has no inner resources and hates being alone. n.才智,谋略
3.(2020·江苏卷)Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. n.控制,调控
Ⅲ.一词多义——根据语境选出attach的词性及含义
A.v.把……固定/附在 B.v.认为有重要性,重视C.v.参加,和……在一起 D.v.与……有联系
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco friendly. A
2.He attached himself to me at the party and I couldn't get rid of him. C
3.No one is suggesting that any health risks attach to this product. D
4.Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift. B
提能训练二 课文语法填空
Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to find answers. They make 1.vehicles(vehicle) to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.
On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik satellite 2.was launched(launch) by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, the USSR focused on 3.sending(send) people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world 4.to go(go) into space. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon.
China's space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, 5.but it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to 6.independently(independent) send humans into space in 2003, 7.when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, 8.followed(follow) by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. After that, China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dock with it. This signalled one step 9.further(far) in China's plan to establish a space station 10.in the future. More recently, China has sent Chang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.
提能训练三 用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
你校英文报的“天文学”栏目正在举办征文比赛, 你寒假参加过王教授在你市科技博物馆举办的天文知识讲座。请你根据自己的经历写一篇短文给该报投稿。
内容包括:
1.参加讲座的经历;
2.参加讲座后的心得体会。
注意:词数80左右;可以适当增加细节,使行文连贯。
参考词汇:讲座 lecture
■审题谋篇
■遣词造句
Ⅰ.单元相关语块
1.astronomy n. 天文学
2.amazing adj. 令人惊异的
3.planet n. 行星
4.universe n. 宇宙;天地万物
5.solar system 太阳系;类太阳系
Ⅱ.单元语块运用
1.完成句子
①王教授向我们展示了一些图片和视频,让我们对其他行星有了充分的了解。
Professor Wang showed us a lot of pictures and videos to make us have a sound knowledge of other planets.
②讲座结束后,我们有机会问他一些问题。
When the lecture was over, we got a chance to ask him some questions.
③我下定决心要更加努力学习,在将来为天文学做出贡献。
I am determined to study harder and make a contribution to astronomy in the future.
2.句式升级
④将句①升级为含有限制性定语从句的句子
Professor Wang showed us a lot of pictures and videos which made us have a sound knowledge of other planets.
■妙笔成篇
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One possible version:
In the winter holiday, I attended a lecture on astronomy by Professor Wang in the Science and Technology Museum in our city.
In the lecture, I learned something about the solar system, an amazing world that I knew little about before Professor Wang showed us a lot of pictures and videos which made us have a sound knowledge of other planets. When the lecture was over, we got a chance to ask him some questions.
This valuable experience made me believe that there are still many secrets about the universe waiting to be explored. And I am determined to study harder and make a contribution to astronomy in the future.
提能训练四 读后续写15——用过渡衔接词增强文章的连贯性
Ⅰ.选词填空(太空探索)
most importantly, although, such as, in conclusion, to begin with, however, moreover, that is to say, as a matter of fact
The public's view about space exploration varies. Some people consider space exploration as a waste of time, money and resources. 1.However, others hold the opposite opinion. 2.Although the cost of space exploration is high, the return is higher. Space exploration is beneficial to mankind in many respects. 3.To begin with, it has the potential of discovering new concepts and develops new insights into space. 4.That is to say, space exploration triggers technological advancement. It brings together different people from various researches and science fields to work jointly to solve some common challenges. 5.As a matter of fact, the result is seen in latest applied inventions and discoveries. 6.Moreover, the satellites in space help us predict hazardous weather conditions and provide services 7.such as navigation and communications. 8.Most importantly, investments into space exploration create real economic benefits at home. 9.In conclusion, considering the benefits, space exploration is well worth the cost.
Ⅱ.迷你语料库(神态描写——激动)
At the sight of the young lady, the man's face changed to red and back to pale again. He watched her countenance (expression) as he drew nearer, with hope and anxiety mingled (mixed) on his own.
PAGE
16UNIT 5 THE VALUE OF MONEY
(一)高频重点词汇/分类记忆,用时少,功效高
Ⅰ.阅读词汇·读懂
默想下面单词的词性及含义,不会的在□中做出标记并核对识记。
□1.loan  □2.tailor  □3.plastic
□4.narrator □5.narration □6.bet
□7.consulate □8.dare □9.mining
□10.beneath □11.odd □12.obligation
□13.nowhere □14.extent □15.opera
□16.dinosaur □17.sequence □18.clerk
□19.downstairs □20.stair □21.aside
□22.frown □23.indeed □24.element
□25.plot □26.ambassador □27.upper class
□28.upper □29.external
[自主核对区]
1.n. 贷款;借款 2.n.(男装)裁缝 vt.专门制作;定做 3.n. 塑料 adj. 塑料制的;塑料的 4.n.(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者;讲述者;(电视节目中的)幕后解说员 5.n.叙述;讲述;解说 6.n.打赌;赌注 vi.&vt.下赌注;用……打赌 vt.敢说 7.n.领事馆 8.vi.&modal v.胆敢;敢于 9.n.采矿;采矿业 10.adv.&prep.在(或往)……下面;在……的表面之下 11.adj.奇怪的;怪异的;反常的 12.n.义务;职责;责任 13.adv.无处;哪里都不 14.n.程度;限度;大小;范围 15.n.歌剧 16.n.恐龙 17.vt.按顺序排列 n.顺序;一系列 18.n.职员;文书;店员 19.adv.顺楼梯而下;在楼下;往楼下 20.n.楼梯;梯级 21.adv.到旁边;在旁边;留;存 22.n.&vi.皱眉 23.adv.其实;实际上;当然;确实 24.n.要素;基本部分 25.n.故事情节;布局;阴谋 26.n.大使;使节;代表 27.adj.上流社会的;上等阶层的 28.adj.上面的;上层的;靠上部的 29.adj.外部的;外面的;外来的
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
1.judge vt.&vi. 评价;评判;判断
n. 法官;审判员;裁判员
2.scene n. (戏剧或歌剧的)场;现场;场面
3.spot vt. 看见;注意到;发现
n. 地点;处所;斑点;污迹
4.sort n. 种类;类别
5.postpone vt. 延迟;延期;延缓
6.hug vt.&vi. 拥抱;抱紧
7.pursue vt. 追求;致力于
8.duty n. 责任;义务;职责;值班
9.eventually adv. 最后;终于
10.basis n. 基础;根据;基点
11.manner n. 举止;行为方式;方法;[pl.]礼貌;礼仪
12.maintain vt. 维持;保持;维修;保养
13.saying n. 谚语;格言;警句
[语境活用]——根据汉语意思填写单词
1.(2020·浙江卷7月)One morning I_spotted(看见) a lost lamb when I was in the top field.
2.(2020·新高考山东卷)Judges(裁判员) will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
3.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)The following are my suggestions on how to mind your table manners(礼仪) in China.
4.The happy scene(场景;场面) of children playing in the garden disappeared, and it was quiet again.
5.It is also good to maintain(保持) a healthy diet with a lot of fruit, vegetables, and food low in fat, the report said.
6.Thanks to Mrs. Smith, the father and the son eventually(终于) made up after years' cold relationship between them.
7.It was found that those who get up late are more likely topostpone(延迟) their bedtime than those who wake early every morning.
8.As a delegate (代表), whoever he is, it's his duty(责任) to be present at it and contribute to China's construction.
9.The volleyball fans hugged(拥抱) each other when they heard the exciting news that Chinese team won the championship.
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
1.ignore v.忽视;对……不予理会→ignorance n.无知;愚昧→ignorant adj.愚昧的,无知的
2.apologise vi.道歉;谢罪 →apology n.道歉;谢罪
3.servant n.仆人;用人→serve v.端上(饭菜等);服务;服役→service n.服务;兵役
4.sail vi.&vt.(船)航行;(人)乘船航行→sailor n.水手
5.patience n.耐心;忍耐力;毅力→patient adj.耐心的→patiently adv.耐心地
6.indicate vt.表明;显示vi.象征;暗示→indication n.表明; 标示;显示;象征→_indicator n.指示信号;标志;迹象;指示器 
7.intention n.打算;计划;意图;目的→intend vt.计划;打算→intended adj.计算的;打算的→unintended adj.无意的
8.willing adj.乐意;愿意→unwilling adj.(反义词)不情愿的;不乐意的
9.musical n.音乐剧adj.音乐的→music n.音乐,乐曲→musician n.音乐家
10.hesitate vi.犹豫;迟疑;顾虑→hesitation n.犹豫→hesitant adj.犹豫的
11.option n.可选择的事物;选择;选择权→optional adj.可选择的;选修的
12.broad adj.宽阔的;广阔的;广泛的→broadly adv.大体上;基本上 →broaden v.变宽;扩大影响;增长(经验、知识等)
13.normal adj.正常的;精神正常的 n.常态→normally adv.通常;正常情况下→abnormal adj.不正常的
14.permission n.准许;许可;批准;许可证→permit v.允许;准许;使有可能 n.许可证
[语境活用]——用所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2019·浙江卷6月)Besides, what you told me about your country broadened(broad) my horizons and aroused my interest in foreign culture.
2.Although the patient was out of patience, the nurse was still patient with her work and did it patiently. (patient)
3.Without hesitation he rushed into the burning house to save the baby, and if he hesitated at that moment, maybe the baby would have died. (hesitate)
4.The young man kept apologising to his girlfriend for his being late,but she refused to accept his apology.(apologise)
5.In some tourist spots, you are not permitted to take photos without permission. (permit)
6.The rich man went abroad with the intention of trying his fortune, while the poor man intended to learn some skills of earning money.(intend)
7.Mike likes music very much. There are many musical instruments in his room. When he was young, he wanted to be a famous musician.(music)
8.He indicated that an indicator should give me some indications of how I did in the test.(indicate)
9.It is wrong of you to ignore the traffic rules. In fact, there are still many people who are ignorant of them. It is their ignorance that leads to many accidents.(ignore)
(二)高频短语串记/记牢用活,不枯燥,兴趣高
单元短语·再现
1.on the basis of 在某事的基础上;根据某事
2.in return 作为回报;作为回应
3.as a matter of fact 事实上;其实;说真的
4.by accident 偶然地;意外地
5.to be honest 说实话;坦率地说
6.be about to do sth. 即将或正要(做某事)
7.in case 以防;以防万一
8.to...extent 到……程度;在……程度上
9.on duty 值班;值勤
10.in a...manner 以一种……的方式;带着一副……的样子
11.in that case 既然那样;假使那样的话
12.be willing to do sth. 愿意或乐意做某事
13.make a bet 打个赌
14.ought to 应当;应该
[语境活用]——选用左栏短语填空
1.To be honest, I can't tolerate arranging books every day in the library.
2.He is always willing to help others, so everyone here is familiar with him.
3.In face of danger, the policemen were on duty around the clock to guard the city against attack.
4.It would be over optimistic to think that sales will increase greatly this year on the basis of one month's improvement.
5.My mother often helps those in trouble, but she never expects to get anything in return.
6.Success in life doesn't happen by accident. It's the result of devoting your time and energy to what you've set out to do.
7.As a matter of fact, it's normal for students to feel nervous or stressed before an important examination.
?会积累(日积月累,联想发散)
1.“in+n.”短语面面观
①in return 作为回报
②in despair 绝望地
③in order 井然有序
④in place 在适当的位置
⑤in detail 详细地
⑥in turn 依次;轮流地
2. “by+n.”短语全扫描
①by accident 偶然地
②by coincidence 巧合地
③by chance 偶然地
④by design 故意地
⑤by mistake 错误地
⑥by necessity 必然地
3.to短语作插入语
①to be honest 说实在的
②to be frank 坦白地说
③to begin with 首先
④to tell you the truth 说实话
⑤to be brief 简单地说
⑥to be sure 无疑;诚然
(三)重点句型仿写/背熟巧用,造佳句,表达高
背佳句 明句型 巧仿写
...I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind. ……我发现自己被一阵强风刮到了海上。 find+宾语+宾补 1.你应当努力地阅读有趣的中文新闻,通过这么做,你会发现你对中文的兴趣提高了。You should spare no effort to read interesting Chinese news, and by doing so, you'll find your interest in Chinese improved.
That's why we've given you the letter.那就是为什么我们给你这封信。 “That's why...”意为“那就是为什么……” 2.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)他是我一生的好老师,愿意为我做任何事。这就是为什么我父亲是我的英雄。He is a good teacher of my life and would do anything for me. That's why my father is my hero.
Henry is walking along the street holding the bank note in his hand.亨利在街上走着,手里拿着那张钞票。 v. ing形式作伴随状语 3.跟随着当地的向导,他们动身去深山了。Following the local guide, they set out for the deep mountains.
I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this...记得当时我以为我永远不会握着这样一张钞票…… 否定副词位于句首,句子要部分倒装 4.(2019·天津卷)这位教授警告学生们,在他的课堂上,决不应该使用手机。The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.
apologise v.道歉,致歉
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)After a while, she apologised(apologise) for the way she behaved at the beginning.
②I must make an apology(apologise) to him for not being able to attend his party.
[再写美]——一句多译
我的老师建议我为不能守约向你道歉。
③My teacher made a suggestion that I should apologise to you for failing to keep the appointment.
④My teacher recommended me to make an apology to you for failing to keep the appointment.
(1)apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉
(2)apology n. 道歉;辩白
owe sb. an apology 欠某人一个道歉
make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉 
[佳句背诵] I owe you an apology for the fact that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. 我应为星期五下午不能和你一起去书店向你道歉。
(全国卷Ⅲ)
judge vt.&vi. 评价;评判;判断 n.法官;审判员;裁判
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged(judge).
②Judging(judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion that we don't judge a man by/from his looks.
③I can't make that decision for you; you will have to use your judgement(judge).
[再写美]——微写作
④我写信邀请你担任将于我们学校举办的英语演讲比赛的裁判。
I'm writing to invite you to be a judge at our English Speech Contest to be held in our school.
(1)judge...from/by... 从……来判断……
as far as I can judge 据我判断,我认为
(2)judging by/from... 从……来看
(3)judgement n. 看法;判断力;判决
[佳句背诵] As far as I can judge, he will refuse to make a judgement about the present situation.
据我判断,他会拒绝评价目前的形势。
[名师点津] judging from/by意为“从……来看”,用在句首时为一个独立成分,不受句子主语和时态的影响。
scene n.(戏剧或歌剧的) 场;现场;场面
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①Nine people died on the scene and one more person died in hospital in the car crash.
②The moment the police received the call, they rushed to the scene where a traffic accident happened.
[再写美]——微写作
③(2020·浙江卷7月读后续写)我赶紧拿出相机,拍下了这罕见的一幕——我们被一只北极熊抢劫了!
I quickly took out the camera and photographed the rare scene—we were robbed by a polar bear!
④这是个令人激动的机会,可以了解幕后发生的事情。
It's an exciting opportunity to learn what goes on behind the scenes.
on the scene 在现场;当场;在台上
behind the scenes 在幕后;暗中
appear/come on the scene 出场;登场
[佳句背诵] The colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene.
棕色的岩石、深绿的松树和傍晚的阳光的颜色混合在一起,创造出一种神奇的景色。(2018·浙江卷6月读后续写)
[名师点津] scene有“场景;场面;地点”的含义时,用关系副词where或in which来引导定语从句。
servant n.仆人;用人
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏卷)When a dark colored cake was served(serve) on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.
②If you need help, don't hesitate to tell me. I'm always at your service(serve).
[再写美]——微写作
③(湖北卷)质疑可以充当帮助我们探索真理的桥梁。
Questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.
④他觉得全心全意为人民服务是他的责任。
He felt it his duty to serve the people heart and soul.
(1)serve v. 供应;服役;供职;为……服务
serve sb.(with) sth./serve sth.to sb. 用某物招待某人
serve as 充当;担任
serve the people heart and soul 全心全意为人民服务
(2)service n. 服务;伺候;接待
at the service 随时效劳;听候吩咐
[佳句背诵] Nothing is so big that it is impossible to get over, and hurt only serves to make us stronger.
没有什么克服不了的困难,痛苦只会让我们更强大。
spot n. 地点;场所;斑点;污点 v.(spotted, spotted, spotting) 发现;认出;弄脏
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
②I was waiting for my friend when I suddenly spotted a man not far from me staring(stare) at me.
[再写美]——微写作
③(北京卷)而且,有那么多著名的旅游景点,长江沿岸的美景令人惊叹。
Moreover, the scenery along the Yangtze River is amazing, with many well known sightseeing spots.
(1) spot sb.doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
be spotted with 散布;点缀
(2)on the spot 当场;在现场
[佳句背诵] Not only will all kinds of paper cutting works be on display, but the craftsmen will also show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes on the spot.
不仅有各种剪纸作品将被展出,工匠们还将现场向参观者展示如何将纸剪成各种形状。 (全国卷Ⅱ)
patience n.忍耐力;耐心;毅力
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①I'm losing patience with you and I have no patience to talk(talk) about the topic.
②(2019·北京卷)The old man walked around and helped us patiently(patient).
[再写美]——句式升级
③(普通表达)He is a teacher and he is patient with his students. So he wins the respect of all the students.
(高级表达)He is a teacher who is patient with his students. So he wins the respect of all the students.(含定语从句的复合句)
(1)have the patience to do sth. 做某事有耐心
with patience=patiently 耐心地
(2)patient adj. 有耐心的;能忍耐的
n. 病人
be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心
(3)impatient adj. 没有耐心的;不能容忍的
[佳句背诵] The Smiths always use patience and love to help those in need. 史密斯一家总是用耐心和爱心去帮助那些需要帮助的人。
indicate vt.&vi.表明;显示;象征;暗示
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①There is a great deal of evidence indicating(indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
②The way a person is dressed is a good indication(indicate) of his/her character or personality.
[再写美]——微写作
③正如图画中显示,一个男孩坐在桌边专心读书。
As is indicated in the picture, a boy is sitting at the table, absorbed in reading.
(1)indicate sth.(to sb.) (向某人)指出/暗示某事
indicate that/wh 疑问词+从句 表示……;示意……
(2)indication n. 迹象;标示;预兆;暗示
[佳句背诵] Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep.
先前的研究也表明,牛奶十分有助于睡眠。
hesitate v.(hesitated, hesitated)犹豫;迟疑;顾虑
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won't hesitate to open(open) them and walk through.
②He hesitated(hesitate) for a moment before kicking the ball;otherwise he would have scored a goal.
③(2020·天津卷7月)Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation (hesitate).
[再写美]——一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)如果你对餐桌礼仪还有一些疑问,请不要犹豫,告诉我。
④If you still have some doubts about table manners, please don't hesitate to tell me.(hesitate)
⑤If you still have some doubts about table manners, please tell me without hesitation.(hesitation)
(1)hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth. 对(做)某事犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 踌躇;犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事 
[佳句背诵] (1)Should you need any other things, please do not hesitate to tell us. 如果你还需要什么,请毫不犹豫地告诉我们。(天津卷)
(2)If you ask me what's my favorite book, I would say Harry Potter without hesitation.
如果你问我最爱的书是哪一本,我会毫不犹豫地告诉你是《哈利·波特》。
permit n.[C]通行证;许可证;执照 v.(permitted, permitted)许可;允许;准许
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①Without a driver's permit,you are not permitted to drive(drive)a car.
②The visitors are reminded that the museum doesn't permit smoking(smoke).
③(2020·江苏卷)People need permission(permit) to be funny in social settings because there's always a risk that comes with humor.
[再写美]——一句多译
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)如果时间允许的话,我的确希望你来参加今年的音乐节。
④If time permits, I do hope you will attend this year's music festival.(if引导的条件状语从句)
⑤Time permitting, I do hope you will attend this year's music festival.(独立主格结构)
(1)permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
(2)permission n. [U]允许;许可
without permission 未经允许
[佳句背诵] My parents permitted me to visit the British Museum and other places of interest as long as I could make progress in English.
只要我的英语有进步,父母就允许我参观大英博物馆和其他名胜古迹。
[名师点津] 类似用法荟萃:
(1)allow doing sth./sb. to do sth.允许(某人)做某事
(2)forbid doing sth./sb. to do sth. 禁止(某人)做某事
(3)advise doing sth./sb. to do sth. 建议(某人)做某事
in return 作为报答;回报;作为交换
[先练会]——选词填空(in return/in return for/in turn)
①In return for your help, I invite you to spend the weekend with my family.
②I am always thinking that studying well is the only thing that I can do in return.
③As we all know, all theories come from practice and in turn serve practice.
[再写美]——微写作
④(天津卷)我们给我们的学生提供优质的教育,作为回报,我们期待学生能努力学习。
We offer an excellent education to our students. In return, we expect students to work hard.
(1)in return for...  作为……的交换;作为……的报答
(2)return sth.to sb./return sb.sth. 归还给某人某物
(3)in turn 轮流,依次;反过来
by turns 轮流;时而……时而……
[佳句背诵] I wish I could do something in return for the kindness I have received from him.
我希望我能做点儿什么来报答他对我的好意。
[名师点津] 表示“回到”某地时,return 不能与back 重复使用!
as if状语从句的省略
(教材P56)Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again, as if looking at something he can't believe is there.
然后他把钞票折起来,又慢慢地展开,好像不敢相信他看到的东西。
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(江苏卷)More generally, the Internet functions as if it were(be) my memory.
②(重庆卷)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done(do) it
[再写美]——句式升级
③(普通表达)She walked here and there on the playground as if she was looking for something.
(高级表达)She walked here and there on the playground as if looking for something.(省略句)
(1)as if/as though可引导表语从句;
(2)as if/as though可引导状语从句,如从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词;
(3)从句中可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。当使用虚拟语气时,谓语动词形式如下:
与现在事实相反:did/were
与过去事实相反:had done
与将来事实相反:would/could...+do
[佳句背诵] The baby suddenly raised his hand and waved to a passer by, as if to say hello.
小宝贝突然举起手来,向一位路人挥舞,仿佛在打招呼。
否定副词位于句首,句子要部分倒装
(教材P56)I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this...
记得当时我以为我永远不会握着这样一张钞票……
[先练会]——补全句子
①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)The film is perfect.Never before have I seen a better one(我从来没有看过比这更好的电影了).
②Not until someone reminded him _did he know(他才知道) the man told a lie.
[再写美]——微写作
③她从未见过有人打网球像罗伯特打得那样好。
Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
(1)否定副词never置于句首,句子需用部分倒装;
(2)常用的否定副词和含有否定意义的介词短语还有not、little、seldom、hardly、scarcely、neither、nor、at no time、by no means、in no case、in no way、on no condition等。
[佳句背诵] Never will I forget the accident that happened in my own childhood,which left a deep impression on me.
我永远不会忘记童年发生的那起事故,它给我留下了深刻的印象。
提能训练一 阅读理解障碍词
Ⅰ.语境辨义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1.I don't want people coming to see me out of a sense of obligation. n.义务,责任
2.He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery. n.一系列
3.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements. n.元素
4.She looked up with a puzzled frown on her face. v.皱眉
Ⅱ.熟词生义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1.(天津卷)“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. v.使成为可能
2.(2019·北京卷)She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile. adj.灿烂的
3.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)“Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says. n.礼仪
4.It's difficult to judge how long the journey will take. v.估计,猜测
Ⅲ.一词多义——根据语境选出scene的词性及含义
A.n.事发地点,现场 B.n.争吵,吵闹C.n.场面,情景 D.n.活动领域,圈子
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)If you do, you won't be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyone's day. C
2.(2019·浙江卷6月)They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. D
3.(上海卷)Doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident to carry out the rescue. A
4.She had made a scene in the middle of the party. B
提能训练二 课文语法填空
The two gentlemen had been arguing for a couple of days, and had decided to make 1.a bet which would settle their 2.argument(argue). They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry 3.walking(walk) on the street outside. They invited him into their house, 4.where Henry told them he 5.had landed(land) in Britain by accident. Although he had gone to the American consulate 6.to seek(seek) help, he did not receive any. Henry hoped that the brothers would offer 7.him(he) some sort of work because he had no money. Henry got upset with the brothers when they seemed too happy about his bad luck. They quickly told him not to feel that way and they 8.gave(give) him an envelope with money in it. They said the letter in it would explain 9.what it was all about, but he had to postpone opening it until 2 o'clock. Henry felt that was odd. 10.Finally(final) Henry left the house, promising that he would not open the letter until 2 o'clock.
提能训练三 用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假定你是红星中学的李华,本周六你们学校要举办艺术节,你们班将表演话剧《白毛女》,请你写一个词数80左右的剧本,剧本要点见下表:
Characters Y:Yang BailaoX: Xi'er, Y's daughter scene Prepare for the New Year
Stage Directions A table, a chair, a bowl of water on the table, some relative music
Plot introduction Xi'er is waiting for Daddy to spend the New Year's Eve. Her daddy, Yang Bailao manages to come back, bringing a piece of red hair band.
Narration It's snowing on New Year's Eve. After escaping from the debts, Yang Bailao wants to go home where his daughter, Xi'er, is waiting for him.
■审题谋篇
■遣词造句
Ⅰ.单元相关语块
1.narration n. 叙述;讲述;解说
2.scene n. (戏剧或歌剧的)场;现场;场面
3.loan n. 贷款;借款
4.ignore vt. 忽视;对……不予理会
Ⅱ.单元语块运用
1.完成句子
①爸爸出门去躲债。
Daddy has gone out to_avoid the debts.
②我一直想知道爸爸什么时候回来。
I have been wondering _when Daddy would come back.
③他们已经来了三次了。
They have come for 3 times.
④他们发现不可能找到您,就走了。
They went away when they found it_impossible to find you.
⑤我感觉我们好像在演戏一样。
I feel as if we were acting a drama.
2.句式升级
⑥将句④升级为含有省略句的句子
They went away when finding it impossible to find you.
■妙笔成篇
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Narration: It's snowing on New Year's Eve. After escaping from the debts, Yang Bailao wants to go home where his daughter, Xi'er, is waiting for him.
Xi'er:The old year is going, and I am so lonely. Daddy has gone out to avoid the debts, and I have been wondering when Daddy would come back.
(Wipe tears with hands.)What a miserable scene!Daddy, Daddy, where are you Where are you
Yang Bailao:(With a piece of red hair band in his hand, look back and forward. After feeling safe, come to the door) Xi'er, my dear, Daddy comes back. Please open the door.
Xi'er: (Amazed.) Daddy Daddy is coming. Really Is that you, Daddy
Yang Bailao: Hmm, Xi'er, did Huang Shiren come here today
Xi'er:( Bring boiled water for Daddy and massage his back) Yeah. Daddy. They have come for 3 times. Fortunately, they went away when finding it impossible to find you.Actually I feel as if we were acting a drama.
Yang Bailao: Ignore it, e here to see the present I bought for you.
(Play the episode of the play.)
提能训练四 读后续写16——不同的“说”表现不同的情绪
Ⅰ.选词填空
1.“Now he is here,” I exclaimed. “For Heaven's sake, hurry down! Do be quick, and stay among the trees till he is fairly in.”
2.“I don't want your help,” she snapped. “I can get them for myself.”
3.“Tell me, tell me! What do you think... Excuse me, I still don't know your name!” She requested in annoyance.
4.“But what business is it of yours?” the young lady shouted with annoyance.
5.“Mom, please!” said Laura. Breathless, half choking, she told the terrible story. “Of course, we can't have our party, can we?” she pleaded.
6.Suddenly she couldn't stop herself. She ran at him and gave him a small, quick squeeze. “I do love parties, don't you?” gasped Lily.
Ⅱ.迷你语料库(心理描写——悲伤和压抑)
1.Upon hearing the bad news, she felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly.
2.He felt the whole weight of the world upon his shoulders.
3.the depths of loneliness and isolation
4.Every day a thought hung over me like a cloud, a dark cloud of uncertainty.
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