UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
A卷——小题夯基练
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．Each consumer who purchases a pound of coffee will receive a box of fortunate cookie as a new year bonus(意外奖励).
2．TV serves as not only entertainment, but also a kind of education so absurd(荒谬的) plots should be deleted.
3．Instead of bringing me down, the past failures gave me the urge(渴望) to strive harder to achieve my dreams.
4．In order to relieve her pain, I rushed to fetch(拿来) the medicine and helped her take it with a glass of warm water.
5．Liu Cixin's novel The Three Body Problem won the Hugo, which has had a positive effect on science fiction(小说) in his home country.
6．Shanghai has encouraged factories to suspend(暂缓) production during peak electricity demand periods and offices and shopping centres to cut back on air conditioning and lighting.
7．If you want to improve your English, you'd better make a weekly(每周的) plan.
Ⅱ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2019·江苏卷)The explosion(explode) had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Dismissing(dismiss) small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation.
3．I still feel guilty(guilt) about terrible things I said to my father when I was a teenager.
4．It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy(mud) track.
5．There have been so many conflicts(conflict) in the world recently. As a result, people are concerned about the world peace.
Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词)
1．(2020·新高考山东卷)Remember，even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
2．Seborga(塞波加) is a small village that declared itself independent in the 1960s.
3．Technology could help humans keep pace with the fast development of artificial intelligence.
4．Zhang Zheng was appointed as captain of China's first aircraft carrier “Liaoning”．
5．We have a relationship greatly superior to those of many of our friends.
6．The exhibition sponsored by several famous companies turned out to be a great success.
7．Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior to any other candidate.
Ⅳ.选词填空
test out, more like, on a regular basis，(be)superior to，take over, conflict with, turn out
1．His present work is to test_out new designs of cars before they are put on the market.
2．We decided to meet at the art center on_a_regular_basis in order to discuss the problems and exchange updates.
3．In ancient times, the noble always considered themselves superior_to the working class, although they may not be so.
4．As it turned_out,_some students living in poverty can barely afford the basic education fees, let alone the extra charge for school uniforms.
5．In this novel, the author depicts the process of the heroine finding her identity though her values conflict_with social expectations.
Ⅴ.完成句子/一句多译
1．(浙江卷)然后，我得到了一个终生难忘的教训。(then位于句首的完全倒装句)
Then_came_the_lesson I've taken with me through my life.
2．我打算做一份兼职，通过它我可以开阔视野。
I_intended_to_take_up a part time job, through which I can have my horizons broadened.
3．卫生当局建议人们锻炼时不用佩戴口罩。
The health authorities suggested that_people_not_wear_masks when doing exercise.
4．如果你不能安排在正式办公时间，大多数教授都愿意单独预约来帮助你摆脱困境。
If you can't make the official office hours, most professors are willing to make_individual_appointments to help you out.
5．法官宣布他是比赛的获胜者。
①The judge declared_him_to_be_the_winner of the competition.(简单句)
②The judge declared_that_he_was_the_winner of the competition.(复合句)
B卷——大题提能练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021·福建高三质检)At England's University of Plymouth, Professor Eduardo Miranda has been programming pairs of robots to compose music. Miranda's robots have simple “vocal cords(声带)” and are programmed to sing and listen to each other.The robots' unique warbling sounds (颤音) do not perfectly match the human voice, but each machine is exactly sharing music with the other in a new and unique way.
Each robot is equipped with speakers, software that mimics the human voice, a mouth that opens as it “sings”， a microphone for ears, and a camera for eyes.The robots also move. Miranda hopes that by studying his robot vocalists, he can discover something about how and why humans create, perform, and listen to music.
When the robots sing, the first robot makes six random sounds. Its partner responds with more sounds.The first robot analyzes the sounds to see if their sequences (顺序) are similar. If they are, it nods its head and commits the sounds to memory, and the second robot notices and “memorizes” the musical sequence, too. If the first robot thinks the sounds are too different, it shakes its head and both robots ignore the sounds.Then the process continues.
Miranda set up an experiment in which he left the two robots alone in his study for two weeks. When he returned, his little warblers had, by imitating each other, not only shared notes but combined them.The product of their cooperation was far from symphonic, but the robots had begun to combine the notes into their own self developed “songs”．
With the help of his warbling robots, one of Miranda's goals is to create music that no human would ever compose. Miranda believes the robots are ideal for this purpose because they would not be influenced by any existing musical styles or rules.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。普利茅斯大学的教授爱德华多·米兰达通过编写程序让一对机器人创作音乐。文章介绍了米兰达的实验过程以及他的目标等。
1．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “mimics” in paragraph 2
A．Substitutes. B．Interrupts.
C．Controls. D．Copies.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“a mouth that opens as it‘sings’， a microphone for ears, and a camera for eyes”可知，“唱歌”时嘴张开、麦克风用作耳朵、摄像头用作眼睛。由此可推知，此处表示用来模仿人声的软件，故D项正确。A项意为“代替、取代”，B项意为“打断”，C项意为“控制”，D项意为“模仿”。
2．What did the two robots do during Miranda's experiment
A．They interacted with each other.
B．They ignored the unique sound.
C．They learned to sing better than humans.
D．They committed random sounds to memory.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的第一、二句“When the robots sing, the first robot makes six random sounds.Its partner responds with more sounds.”可知，当机器人唱歌时，第一个机器人发出六个随机的声音；它的同伴会发出更多的声音来回应。并结合该段其他内容可知，在唱歌时，机器人之间会互动，故A项正确。
3．What does Miranda want his robots to do
A．Sing as well as humans do.
B．Create new styles of music.
C．Memorize a variety of music.
D．Promote traditional musical forms.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据尾段中的第一句“With the help of his warbling robots, one of Miranda's goals is to create music that no human would ever compose.”可知，米兰达的目标之一就是凭借机器人的帮助创作出人类永远无法创作出的音乐，即创造出新风格的音乐，故B项正确。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Future robots. B．Special songs.
C．Music by robots. D．Experiments by Miranda.
C 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段中的第一句“At England's University of Plymouth, Professor Eduardo Miranda has been programming pairs of robots to compose music.”为全文的主旨句，结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了爱德华多·米兰达教授用机器人创作音乐的实验过程。故C项正确。
B
(2021·武汉部分学校高三质检)Never play games with a bot (robot)—it will find a way to cheat if it can. A team from OpenAI, an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco, has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hide and seek. The bots also learned how to use basic tools to help win.
Bowen Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see if the team based dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans.
The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated (模拟的)environment filled with fixed walls, movable boxes and ladders, and left them to play team games of hide and seek. The bots each had their own view of the world and couldn't communicate with each other directly.
At first, the hiders simply ran away. But they soon worked out that the quickest way to stop the seekers was to find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view. The seekers learned that they could move boxes around and use them to climb over walls. The bots then discovered that being a team player—passing objects to each other or cooperating on a hideout—was the quickest way to win.
But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults.Seekers found that if they pushed a ladder towards a wall, they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from above. Hiders found that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing them aside.
It shows that AI bots are able to find solutions that humans miss, says Baker. “Maybe they'll even be able to solve problems that humans don't yet know how to.” However, it is a large leap (跳跃)from virtual hide and seek to real problem solving. “The main limitation is that it is in simulation，” says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种通过玩捉迷藏自学合作技能的人工智能机器人，这些机器人还学会了使用基本工具来帮助自己获胜。
5．Why did Bowen and his colleagues conduct the research
A．To teach bots to play games.
B．To train bots to use basic tools.
C．To find if bots may cheat like humans.
D．To see the potential of bots' cooperation.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，OpenAI的博文·贝克和他的同事们想看看OpenAI Five的人工智能机器人的团队互动能否被用来产生将来对人类有用的技能，故D项正确。
6．What's the third paragraph mainly about
A．The tools of the research.
B．The design of the research.
C．The competitors of the game.
D．The environment of the game.
B 解析：段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段主要介绍了研究的设计：研究人员将机器人置于一个充满固定墙壁、可移动的盒子和梯子的模拟环境中，让它们玩团队捉迷藏游戏；且彼此不能直接交流。故B项正确。
7．What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Passing objects.
B．Moving boxes around.
C．Making use of faults.
D．Hiding themselves from view.
C 解析：代词指代题。根据第五段中的第一句“But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults.”可知，但真正令人惊讶的是，机器人开始利用问题或失误且第五段给出了相应的例子；结合尾段中的第一句可以判断，该句主语It指代的是“机器人利用错误”，故C项正确。
8．What does Chelsea think of the finding of the research
A．It can bridge a gap in the AI research.
B．It will not be influenced by the real world.
C．It will definitely help the real problem solving.
D．It may not be realized out of the virtual world.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据尾段中的切尔西·芬恩所说的话“The main limitation is that it is in simulation”可知，切尔西·芬恩认为主要的局限在于机器人的互动是处于模拟状态下的。据此可以判断，切尔西·芬恩认为超出模拟范围，这种结果可能不会发生。故D项正确。
【难句分析】 Bowen Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see if the team based dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans.
分析：该句为主从复合句。句中if引导宾语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词skills，that在从句中作主语。
译文：OpenAI的博文·贝克和他的同事们想看看OpenAI Five的人工智能机器人的团队互动能否被用来产生将来对人类有用的技能。
C
(2021·新高考八省联考模考)In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco－friendly lifestyle choices than, let's say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco－friendly products or used traditionally produced goods
After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.
A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions (排放) of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use—those related to their production and breakdown.
Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances (设备) that we need we can go with new, energy－saving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy－saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the_footprint the product will make once it gets to you.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过研究和对比新型环保产品和旧的传统产品在碳足迹方面的影响，从而说明该如何选择更环保的生活方式。
9．What is the text mainly about
A．What appliances to buy to save energy.
B．What a carbon footprint means in our life.
C．How to identify different carbon footprints.
D．How to make eco－friendly lifestyle choices.
D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要通过研究和对比新型环保产品和旧的传统产品在碳足迹方面的影响，从而说明该如何选择更环保的生活方式。故选D。10.What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint
A．It is related to our consumption of fuels.
B．It is made when we are buying the products.
C．It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.
D．It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，第二种足迹是表示我们使用的产品在整个生命周期中间接排放的二氧化碳，这些是和它们的生产和排放有关的。由此可知，第二种碳足迹虽然不是我们直接产生的，但也是我们使用的产品释放出来的，也是要归结到我们身上的。故选D。
11．Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author
A．Using second－hand textbooks.
B．Using old and expensive cars.
C．Buying new but cheap clothes.
D．Buying new wooden furniture.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Things like dishes...the added production.”可知，盘子、衣服和家具这样的物品属于“第二类型的足迹”，所以是越少越好，我们应该注重寻找旧的物品来避免额外的生产。二手书是可以二次使用的物品，符合题意。故选A。
12．“The footprint” underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced in ________．
A．using the product B．recycling the product
C．making the product D．transporting the product
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线部分所在句可知，主要的问题是这些投入在制造新产品时的能源，以及这种额外的碳是否值得它到你手里以后所产生的碳足迹。由此可知，the footprint指的是“产品使用过程中产生的二氧化碳”。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2021·银川普通高中学科教学质量检测)Telecommuting (also known as working from home) is a work arrangement in which the employee works outside the office, often working from home or a location close to home.1.________
Doctors and countless other health care workers of the world will always need to have hands on experiences with patients, just as：
◇2.________
◇Scientists need to be in labs.
The existence of telecommuting must have its benefits and appropriate population.
More freedom.
Telecommuting allows a worker greater freedom regarding her or his work hours and work location. It gives the employee more flexibility to balance work and personal obligations (义务)．
Productivity.
Working from home can make you more productive, because you do not have the distractions (分散注意力的事)
of office space.3.________ Sometimes you might be easily distracted by home appliances such as washing machines, or you actually need supervision (监管) from your boss to concentrate on your work.
Employees' welfare.
Allowing workers to telecommute often makes them more productive.4.________ Telecommuters are also likely to be happier in their jobs and are therefore more likely to stay with the company. Telecommuting even saves companies money in office expenses, such as rent and stationery (文具)．
5．________
Some people also find working from home to be a bit isolating(隔离的), because they are not around their coworkers. Those who enjoy teamwork may lose their opportunity to bond with colleagues by teleconferencing alone. You should come up with a strategic plan if you want to ask your employer if you can telecommute.
A．Mental health issues.
B．Cooperation with workers.
C．That can benefit the company.
D．Of course, this is not necessarily true.
E．You need to find an appropriate place to do work.
F．Construction workers need to be on building sites.
G．However, many jobs are not suited to remote work.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了远程办公的定义和好处。
1．G 解析：本空是一个过渡句。根据上文中的“the employee works outside the office, often working from home or a location close to home”和下文中的“need to have hands on experiences with patients”可知，本空承上启下，讲的应该是远程办公并不适合所有的工种，故选G。
2．F 解析：根据上文中的“other health care workers of the world will always need to have hands on experiences with patients, just as”可知，本空讲的应该也是需要现场办公的工种。另外，结合并列位置上的“Scientists need to be in labs.”可以判断，故选F。
3．D 解析：本空是一个过渡句。根据上一句中的“you do not have the distractions(分散注意力的事)of office space”和下一句中的“Sometimes you might be easily distracted by home appliances”可知，本空承上启下，故选D。
4．C 解析：本空是一个过渡句。结合下一句中的“Telecommuters are also likely to be happier in their jobs”可知，空处讲的应该是这样做的一种好处，故选C。
5．B 解析：本空是一个小标题。结合并列位置上小标题的特点可知，本空应该是一个名词词组，故A、B选项符合要求。再根据本部分中的“Those who enjoy teamwork may lose their opportunity to bond with colleagues”可知，本段主要讲的是合作，故选B。
PAGE
10UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
A卷——小题夯基练
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．Each consumer who purchases a pound of coffee will receive a box of fortunate cookie as a new year ( )(意外奖励).
2．TV serves as not only entertainment, but also a kind of education so ( )(荒谬的) plots should be deleted.
3．Instead of bringing me down, the past failures gave me the ( )(渴望) to strive harder to achieve my dreams.
4．In order to relieve her pain, I rushed to ( )(拿来) the medicine and helped her take it with a glass of warm water.
5．Liu Cixin's novel The Three Body Problem won the Hugo, which has had a positive effect on science ( )(小说) in his home country.
6．Shanghai has encouraged factories to ( )(暂缓) production during peak electricity demand periods and offices and shopping centres to cut back on air conditioning and lighting.
7．If you want to improve your English, you'd better make a ( )(每周的) plan.
Ⅱ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2019·江苏卷)The ( )(explode) had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)( )(dismiss) small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation.
3．I still feel ( )(guilt) about terrible things I said to my father when I was a teenager.
4．It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a ( )y(mud) track.
5．There have been so many ( )(conflict) in the world recently. As a result, people are concerned about the world peace.
Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词)
1．(2020·新高考山东卷)Remember，even world champion athletes practice their skills ( ) a consistent basis.
2．Seborga(塞波加) is a small village that declared ( ) independent in the 1960s.
3．Technology could help humans keep pace ( ) the fast development of artificial intelligence.
4．Zhang Zheng was appointed ( ) captain of China's first aircraft carrier “Liaoning”．
5．We have a relationship greatly superior ( )those of many of our friends.
6．The exhibition sponsored by several famous companies turned ( ) to be a great success.
7．Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior ( ) any other candidate.
Ⅳ.选词填空
test out, more like, on a regular basis，(be)superior to，take over, conflict with, turn out
1．His present work is to ( ) new designs of cars before they are put on the market.
2．We decided to meet at the art center ( ) in order to discuss the problems and exchange updates.
3．In ancient times, the noble always considered themselves ( ) the working class, although they may not be so.
4．As it ( ),_some students living in poverty can barely afford the basic education fees, let alone the extra charge for school uniforms.
5．In this novel, the author depicts the process of the heroine finding her identity though her values ( ) social expectations.
Ⅴ.完成句子/一句多译
1．(浙江卷)然后，我得到了一个终生难忘的教训。(then位于句首的完全倒装句)
( ) I've taken with me through my life.
2．我打算做一份兼职，通过它我可以开阔视野。
( ) a part time job, through which I can have my horizons broadened.
3．卫生当局建议人们锻炼时不用佩戴口罩。
The health authorities suggested ( ) when doing exercise.
4．如果你不能安排在正式办公时间，大多数教授都愿意单独预约来帮助你摆脱困境。
If you can't make the official office hours, most professors are willing to ( ) to help you out.
5．法官宣布他是比赛的获胜者。
①The judge ( ) of the competition.(简单句)
②The judge ( ) of the competition.(复合句)
B卷——大题提能练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021·福建高三质检)At England's University of Plymouth, Professor Eduardo Miranda has been programming pairs of robots to compose music. Miranda's robots have simple “vocal cords(声带)” and are programmed to sing and listen to each other.The robots' unique warbling sounds (颤音) do not perfectly match the human voice, but each machine is exactly sharing music with the other in a new and unique way.
Each robot is equipped with speakers, software that mimics the human voice, a mouth that opens as it “sings”， a microphone for ears, and a camera for eyes.The robots also move. Miranda hopes that by studying his robot vocalists, he can discover something about how and why humans create, perform, and listen to music.
When the robots sing, the first robot makes six random sounds. Its partner responds with more sounds.The first robot analyzes the sounds to see if their sequences (顺序) are similar. If they are, it nods its head and commits the sounds to memory, and the second robot notices and “memorizes” the musical sequence, too. If the first robot thinks the sounds are too different, it shakes its head and both robots ignore the sounds.Then the process continues.
Miranda set up an experiment in which he left the two robots alone in his study for two weeks. When he returned, his little warblers had, by imitating each other, not only shared notes but combined them.The product of their cooperation was far from symphonic, but the robots had begun to combine the notes into their own self developed “songs”．
With the help of his warbling robots, one of Miranda's goals is to create music that no human would ever compose. Miranda believes the robots are ideal for this purpose because they would not be influenced by any existing musical styles or rules.
1．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “mimics” in paragraph 2
A．Substitutes. B．Interrupts.
C．Controls. D．Copies.
2．What did the two robots do during Miranda's experiment
A．They interacted with each other.
B．They ignored the unique sound.
C．They learned to sing better than humans.
D．They committed random sounds to memory.
3．What does Miranda want his robots to do
A．Sing as well as humans do.
B．Create new styles of music.
C．Memorize a variety of music.
D．Promote traditional musical forms.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Future robots. B．Special songs.
C．Music by robots. D．Experiments by Miranda.
B
(2021·武汉部分学校高三质检)Never play games with a bot (robot)—it will find a way to cheat if it can. A team from OpenAI, an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco, has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hide and seek. The bots also learned how to use basic tools to help win.
Bowen Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see if the team based dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans.
The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated (模拟的)environment filled with fixed walls, movable boxes and ladders, and left them to play team games of hide and seek. The bots each had their own view of the world and couldn't communicate with each other directly.
At first, the hiders simply ran away. But they soon worked out that the quickest way to stop the seekers was to find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view. The seekers learned that they could move boxes around and use them to climb over walls. The bots then discovered that being a team player—passing objects to each other or cooperating on a hideout—was the quickest way to win.
But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults.Seekers found that if they pushed a ladder towards a wall, they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from above. Hiders found that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing them aside.
It shows that AI bots are able to find solutions that humans miss, says Baker. “Maybe they'll even be able to solve problems that humans don't yet know how to.” However, it is a large leap (跳跃)from virtual hide and seek to real problem solving. “The main limitation is that it is in simulation，” says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University.
5．Why did Bowen and his colleagues conduct the research
A．To teach bots to play games.
B．To train bots to use basic tools.
C．To find if bots may cheat like humans.
D．To see the potential of bots' cooperation.
6．What's the third paragraph mainly about
A．The tools of the research.
B．The design of the research.
C．The competitors of the game.
D．The environment of the game.
7．What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Passing objects.
B．Moving boxes around.
C．Making use of faults.
D．Hiding themselves from view.
8．What does Chelsea think of the finding of the research
A．It can bridge a gap in the AI research.
B．It will not be influenced by the real world.
C．It will definitely help the real problem solving.
D．It may not be realized out of the virtual world.
C
(2021·新高考八省联考模考)In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco－friendly lifestyle choices than, let's say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco－friendly products or used traditionally produced goods
After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.
A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions (排放) of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use—those related to their production and breakdown.
Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances (设备) that we need we can go with new, energy－saving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy－saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the_footprint the product will make once it gets to you.
9．What is the text mainly about
A．What appliances to buy to save energy.
B．What a carbon footprint means in our life.
C．How to identify different carbon footprints.
D．How to make eco－friendly lifestyle choices.
10.What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint
A．It is related to our consumption of fuels.
B．It is made when we are buying the products.
C．It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.
D．It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.
11．Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author
A．Using second－hand textbooks.
B．Using old and expensive cars.
C．Buying new but cheap clothes.
D．Buying new wooden furniture.
12．“The footprint” underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced in ________．
A．using the product B．recycling the product
C．making the product D．transporting the product
Ⅱ.七选五
(2021·银川普通高中学科教学质量检测)Telecommuting (also known as working from home) is a work arrangement in which the employee works outside the office, often working from home or a location close to home.1.________
Doctors and countless other health care workers of the world will always need to have hands on experiences with patients, just as：
◇2.________
◇Scientists need to be in labs.
The existence of telecommuting must have its benefits and appropriate population.
More freedom.
Telecommuting allows a worker greater freedom regarding her or his work hours and work location. It gives the employee more flexibility to balance work and personal obligations (义务)．
Productivity.
Working from home can make you more productive, because you do not have the distractions (分散注意力的事)
of office space.3.________ Sometimes you might be easily distracted by home appliances such as washing machines, or you actually need supervision (监管) from your boss to concentrate on your work.
Employees' welfare.
Allowing workers to telecommute often makes them more productive.4.________ Telecommuters are also likely to be happier in their jobs and are therefore more likely to stay with the company. Telecommuting even saves companies money in office expenses, such as rent and stationery (文具)．
5．________
Some people also find working from home to be a bit isolating(隔离的), because they are not around their coworkers. Those who enjoy teamwork may lose their opportunity to bond with colleagues by teleconferencing alone. You should come up with a strategic plan if you want to ask your employer if you can telecommute.
A．Mental health issues.
B．Cooperation with workers.
C．That can benefit the company.
D．Of course, this is not necessarily true.
E．You need to find an appropriate place to do work.
F．Construction workers need to be on building sites.
G．However, many jobs are not suited to remote work.
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