(共68张PPT)
Ⅰ.核心单词
(A)写作词汇—写词形
1. defeat vt.打败;战胜;使受挫 n.失败
2. expert adj.熟练的;经验或知识丰富的 n.专家;行家
3. attend vt.照顾;护理;出席;参加
4. expose vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光
5. cure n.治愈;痊愈 vt.治愈;治疗
6. victim n.受害者
7. absorb vt.吸收;吸引;使专心
8. suspect vt.认为;怀疑 n.被怀疑者,嫌疑犯
9. foresee vt.预见;预知
10. blame vt.责备;谴责 n.过失;责备
11. handle n.柄;把手 vt.处理;操纵
12. link vt.& n.连接;联系
13. chart n.图表
14. positive adj.积极的;肯定的;确实的
15. backward adv.& adj.向后地(的);相反地(的);退步地(的)
16. spin vi.& vt.(使)旋转;纺(线或纱)
17. enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的
(B)阅读词汇—明词义
1.radium n. 镭
2.cholera n. 霍乱
3.physician n. 医生;内科医师
4.deadly adj. 致命的
5.outbreak n. 爆发;发作(尤指疾病或战争)
6.enquiry n. 询问
7.neighbourhood n. 附近;邻近
8.clue n. 线索;提示
9.pump n. 泵,抽水机 vt. (用泵)抽(水)
10.germ n. 微生物;细菌
11.firework n. 烟火(燃放)
12.co-operative adj. 合作的
13.revolutionary adj. 革命的;重大变革的
14.loop n. 圈;环
(C)拓展词汇—灵活用
1. characteristic n.特征;特性→ character n.品质,品格;特性;特色
2. painter n.画家;油漆匠→ paint v.用颜料画→ painting n.画
作
3. scientific adj.科学的→ science n.科学→ scientist n.科学家
4. conclude vt.& vi.结束;推断出→ conclusion n.结论;结束
5. analyse vt.分析→ analysis n.分析;分析结果
6. infect vt.传染;感染→ infected adj.感染的;带菌的→ infection
n. 感染;传染
7. challenge n.挑战 vt.向……挑战→ challenging adj.挑战性的
8. severe adj.严重的;剧烈的;严厉的→ severely adv.严重地;严厉地
9. investigate vt.& vi.调查→ investigation n.调查
10. pollute vt.污染;弄脏→ pollution n.污染
11. announce vt.宣布;通告→ announcement n.宣布;通告→ announcer n.播音员;广播员
12. certainty n.确信;确实→ certain adj.确定的→ certainly
adv.必然,肯定地
13. instruct vt.命令;指示;教导→ instruction n.命令;指示
14. responsible adj.有责任的;负责的→ responsibility n.责任
15. construct vt.建设;修建→ construction n.建设;建筑物
16. contribute vt.& vi.捐献;贡献;捐助→ contribution n.贡献;捐款
17. creative adj.有创造力的;创造性的;独创的→ creativity n.创造力
→ creation n.创造;创造物
18. movement n.移动;运动;动作→ move v.移动;搬家;使感动
19. privately adv.私下地;秘密地→ private adj.私人的;私有的→
privacy n.隐私
20. brightness n.明亮;亮度;聪颖→ bright adj.明亮的;欢快的;聪明的
→ brighten vt.(使)明亮;使开心
21. cautious adj.小心的;谨慎的→ caution n.小心;警告
22. reject vt.拒绝;不接受;抛弃→ rejection n.拒绝
23. universe n.宇宙;世界→ universal adj.普遍存在的;通用的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. put forward 提出
2. draw a conclusion 得出结论
3. expose...to 使显露;暴露
4. be to blame 应受责备
5. link...to... 将……和……联系或连接起来
6. be responsible for 对……负责
7. (be) strict with... 对……严格的
8. make sense 讲得通;有意义
9. make sure 确保
10. make room for 为……腾出空间
11.look into 调查
12.slow down 减缓;慢下来
13.prevent...from... 阻止……干/做……
14.take in 吸收;理解;欺骗
e to an end 结束
16.apart from 除了……之外(还)
17.make one's way to 前进
18.make up one's mind 下定决心
Ⅲ.经典结构
1.人们既不知道它的起因,也不知道它的治疗方法。
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
2.因此,每次(霍乱)暴发时,就有成千上万的惊恐的人死去。
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an
outbreak.
3.特别在两条街道上霍乱流行得很严重,在10天之内就死去了500多人。(so...
that...)
In two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so severe that
more than 500 people died in ten days.
4.看来水是罪魁祸首。
It seemed that the water was to blame.
5.他马上叫宽街上吃惊的人们拆掉水泵的把手。这样,水泵就用不成了。
He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from
the pump so that it could not be used.
6.有一位妇女是从宽街搬走的,她特别喜欢水泵里的水,以至于每天都要把水运到
家里来。
A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the
pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
7.为了防止这种情况再次发生,约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the
source of all the water supplies be examined .
8.只有当你把太阳放在那个位置上时,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in
the sky make sense .
9.于是,他在1510年至1514年期间从事这项研究,逐步改善他的理论,直到他感觉
理论完整。
So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his
theory until he felt it was complete.
10.他把固定不动的太阳放在太阳系的中心,行星都围绕太阳转动,只有月球仍然
围绕地球转动。
He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets go-
ing round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
11.然而哥白尼的理论却是现在我们对宇宙的所有看法得以建立的基础。
Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the
universe are built.
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that
were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
分析:本句为主从复合句。from...outbreak作状语;that were linked to the Broad
Street outbreak是that引导的 定语 从句,修饰先行词deaths。注意:that引导的
从句不是用来解释说明evidence的内容的,不是evidence的同位语。
句意:在伦敦的另一个地区,他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的其他死亡病例
中发现了有力的证据。
2.Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the
same conclusion that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.
分析:本句为主从复合句。Although he had tried to ignore them是Although引导的
让步状语 从句;conclusion后是that引导的 同位语 从句。
句意:虽然他曾经试着不去理睬它们,但是他所有的数学计算都得出了一个相同
的结论——地球不是太阳系的中心。
3.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky
seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop.
分析:本句是主从复合句。主句的主语是The problem,谓语是arose。because...go
forward in a loop是because引导的 原因状语 从句,其中that...a loop是that引
导的 宾语 从句;在这个宾语从句中,and连接三个并列的不定式(短语)。
句意:问题就来了,因为天文学家以前发现过,天上有些行星像是停顿下来,往后移
动,然后再成环状向前移动。
4.He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this ex-
plained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars.
分析:本句是并列复合句。第一个and连接两个并列分句;在第一个and前的分句
中,that the earth was...the sun是that引导的 宾语 从句,其中,as it went round
the sun是as引导的 时间状语 从句。
句意:他还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同时,它还自转,这样就说明了行星运动的变
化情况以及星球亮度的变化情况。
5.His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth be-
cause God created the earth as the centre of the universe.
分析:本句是主从复合句。which...universe是which引导的 非限制性定语 从
句,修饰先行词the Christian idea of gravity;things...the universe是省略that的
宾语 从句,作said的宾语,其中because引导 原因状语 从句。
句意:他的理论还取代了基督教对地心引力的看法,他们认为物体往地球上掉落
是因为上帝创造了地球,而地球正是宇宙的中心。
Ⅴ.必备语法
过去分词作定语和表语
1.But he became inspired (inspire)when he thought about helping ordinary
people exposed (expose) to cholera.
2.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected
(affect) person died.
3.He found that it came from the river polluted (pollute)by the dirty water
from London.
4.Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened (frighten) and his mind was con-
fused (confuse).
5.He placed a fixed (fix)sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets
going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
|put forward 提出(建议)
Who put forward a theory about black holes (教材P1)
谁提出的黑洞理论
情景导学
(外交部官网,2020年8月)In view of the new developments in globalization seven
years ago, President Xi Jinping put forward the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) for in-
ternational cooperation.
7年前,习近平主席着眼全球化发展新形势,提出了“一带一路”国际合作倡议。
He has put up many notices to look for his lost horse.
为了寻找失踪的马,他张贴了很多布告。
We have put the wedding forward by one week.
我们已将婚礼提前了一周。
Can I put you forward for club secretary
我推荐你任俱乐部秘书好不好
归纳拓展
①put forward还可表示“ 推荐 ; 将……提前 ;向前拨,拨快(时钟指
针)”
②put aside 把……放在一边;忽视;不理睬;储存;留出
③put off延期;推迟
④put on穿上;上演;播放;增加体重
⑤put out 熄灭;生产
⑥put up 张贴;建立;提供食宿
单句语法填空
1-1 (2020天津,13, )We can't put off buying a new printer for our com
pany.The one we have doesn't work.
解析 句意:给我们公司买新打印机这件事不能再推迟了。我们现有的打印机坏
了。put off推迟。
1-2 (2020全国Ⅰ,短文改错, )First I cut the tomatoes into pieces and put them
aside .Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chop-
sticks.
解析 句意:首先,我把西红柿切成块,然后把它们放在一边。接下来我把鸡蛋打
到一个碗中,然后用筷子快速地搅动。put aside把……放在一边。
1-3 (2018江苏,阅读理解B, )One way to encourage customers to stay and order
that extra round:put on some Mozart(莫扎特).
解析 句意:一种激励顾客留下来多点餐的方法就是放点莫扎特的音乐。put on
意为“播放”。
1-4 (2017天津,阅读理解C, )The proposal put forward by Dobrindt
aims to help promote fully automatic driving.
解析 句意:Dobrindt提出的建议的目的是帮助推广全自动驾驶。根据句意可知,
此处表示“提出建议”,应用短语put forward。故填forward。
1-5 (2016天津,11, )The manager put forward a suggestion that we
should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
解析 句意:经理提出了一个建议:我们应该有一个助手。要做的工作太多了。
put forward提出。
|conclusion n.结论;结束
Draw a conclusion(教材P1)得出结论
情景导学
(Global Times, 2020年10月)It's not difficult to conclude the distinctive Chinese
characteristics of the 14th Five-Year Plan.
不难推断出“十四五规划”的鲜明的中国特色。
The film The Wandering Earth concludes with a meaningful line.电影《流浪地球》
以一句有意义的台词结束。
He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.他从他们
的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。
Finally, Einstein arrived at the conclusion that maximum speed in the universe is that
of light.最终,爱因斯坦得出了结论,那就是宇宙中的最大速度为光速。
归纳拓展
①come to/draw/reach/get to/arrive at a conclusion (from...)(从……中)得出
结论
②conclude v.(使)结束;断定;推断出
conclude(...) with ...以……结束(……)
conclude...from...从……中推断出……
to conclude 总而言之,最后
conclude( from ...)that...(从……中)得出……结论
It is concluded that...结论是……
单句语法填空
2-1 (2019课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解B, )When he brings his speech to a nice
conclusion (conclude), Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
解析 句意:当他完美结束他的演讲后,Whaley邀请班里的其他同学赞扬他。由
设空处前的冠词a可知此处需用名词形式conclusion。
2-2 (2019江苏,任务型阅读, )It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this
is a good way to survive.
解析 句意:很难说这是一个很好的生存方式。conclusion是名词,意为“结束,结
论,推断”,其后是同位语从句,且从句中不缺成分,用that引导同位语从句。故填
that。
2-3 (2018江苏,阅读理解B, )It can be concluded (conclude)that restau-
rant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables,” given that they'
re profitable.
解析 句意:可以得出的结论是,餐厅老板不必“过于担心‘坏’桌子”,鉴于它
们能赚不少钱。it can be concluded that...能够推断出……。
2-4 ( )Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available
so that people can reach their own conclusions (conclude).
解析 句意:鉴于所涉及的敏感性,(政府)应提供所有信息,以便人们能够得出他
们自己的结论。由语境可知,应用名词复数形式。
|expose vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光
But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed
to cholera.(教材P2)
但当他想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓时, 他就变得很振奋。
情景导学
Don't expose your skin to sunlight directly,or you will get sunburnt.
不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下,否则你会被晒伤。
Travelling abroad exposes children to different languages and cultures.去国外旅行
会使孩子们接触到不同的语言和文化。
The report revealed that workers had been exposed to high levels of radiation.
报告披露工人们受到了高强度的辐射。
(Global Times, 2020年11月)It specifically pointed to Ant Group, saying once risk
exposure occurs, it will cause serious risk infection.
它特别指出了蚂蚁集团,说一旦发生风险暴露,将引起严重的风险感染。
归纳拓展
①expose... to ...暴露……给……;使……遭受/体验……(被动形式为:be
exposed to 暴露于;接触)
② exposure n.面临,遭受;暴露;揭露
单句语法填空
3-1 (2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D, )The engineers are also trying to develop an on
and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed (expose) to
daylight.
解析 句意:工程师们还试图开发一种通断“开关”,当暴露在日光下时,这种
“开关”会使这种微弱的光逐渐消失。fade后是状语从句的省略,还原后是when
it is exposed to daylight,故此处填过去分词。
3-2 (2020全国Ⅱ,完形填空, )“Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be ex-
posed (expose) to the public because of Italy's privacy laws, finished working the
whole night at a factory in Turin.
解析 句意:由于意大利的隐私法,“Nicolo”的真实姓名不能向公众公开。他完
成了在都灵一家工厂一整夜的工作。name和expose之间是被动关系,应用被动语
态。be exposed to暴露于。
3-3 (2019课标全国Ⅲ,书面表达, )This festival is aimed to get them ex-
posed (expose) to foreign music.
解析 句意:这个节日的目的是让他们接触到外国音乐。be exposed to...意为
“接触……”。此处需用过去分词exposed作宾补。
3-4 ( )His study shows that when robins(知更鸟) are exposed (expose)
to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of
day.
解析 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:他的研究表明,当知更鸟晚上在实验
室暴露在光照下时,会导致一些基因在一天中错误的时间活跃起来。分析句子结
构可知,设空处在when引导的时间状语从句中作谓语,根据语境及leads可知,时态
为一般现在时;从句的主语是robins,与expose之间是被动关系,故用一般现在时的
被动语态。从句的主语是复数,故填are exposed。
完成句子
3-5 (2018江苏,阅读理解D, )她说,社交媒体公司正让孩子们面临重大的情感
风险。
She said social media firms were exposing children to major
emotional risks.
|absorb vt.吸收;吸引;使专心;理解
The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with
their meals.(教材P2)
第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种疾病引入体内的。
情景导学
Water and salt are absorbed into our bloodstream.
水分和盐被吸收进我们的血液中。
When I entered the room, she seemed totally absorbed in her book.当我进屋时,她好
像完全被这本书迷住了。
归纳拓展
①absorb... into ...把……吸收进……;把……并入……,使……融入……
absorb/attract/draw one's attention 吸引某人的注意
②absorbed adj.全神贯注的, 被吸引住的
(be) absorbed in全神贯注于……
③absorption n.吸收;并入,同化;全神贯注
单句语法填空
4-1 (2019课标全国Ⅰ,七选五, )It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start
working,and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb (absorb) a day's worth of vitamin D.
解析 句意:防晒霜大约需要15分钟才能开始工作,那对你的皮肤来说是足够的
时间来吸收能用一天的维生素D。此处是不定式短语作定语,to absorb...vitamin
D修饰time。
4-2 (2019课标全国Ⅱ, 阅读理解D, )These kids are so absorbed in their
studies that I just sit back.I don't teach.
解析 句意:这些孩子如此全神贯注地学习以至于我在一旁坐着就好,我没有教
他们。be absorbed in...表示“全神贯注于……”。
4-3 (2018课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解D, )We both became absorbed (absorb)
in the simplicity of playing together.
解析 句意:我们两个人都沉浸在一起游戏的简单质朴中。became是系动词,再
根据be absorbed in(专心于)可知此处应用形容词作表语。
写出absorb的词义
4-4 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,七选五, )In fact, most people only absorb about 20
percent of a speaker's message. 理解
|blame vt.责备;谴责 n.过失;责备
It seemed that the water was to blame.(教材P2)
看来水是罪魁祸首。
情景导学
(Global Times, 2020年11月)The US alone is to blame for its severe domestic prob-
lems and divisions.
美国国内严重的问题和分歧要归咎于美国本身。
A dropped cigarette is being blamed for the fire.
一支乱扔的烟被指为引起这场火灾的罪魁祸首。
The police blame the accident on the driver who was attempting to pass.警方把事故
原因归咎于当时极力驶过去的司机。
归纳拓展
① be to blame (for...)(对……)负有责任
blame sb./sth. for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而责备某人/某物
blame sth. on sb./sth.将某事归咎于某人/某物
②get/take/accept/shoulder the blame for...为……承担责任
put/lay the blame on sb.把责任推到某人身上;归咎于某人
单句语法填空
5-1 (2019北京,阅读理解C改编, )Who is to blame for the problem of
robocalls
解析 句意:谁该为自动语音电话的问题负责 be to blame for sth.表示“对某事
负有责任”,故填for。
5-2 (2018江苏,阅读理解D, )Some social app companies were to blame
(blame) because they didn't adequately check their users' registration.
解析 句意:一些社交应用软件公司是罪魁祸首,因为他们没有充分检查用户的
注册。be to blame负有责任,是主动形式表被动意义。
5-3 (2017课标全国Ⅲ,七选五, )Lots of people find it hard to get up in the
morning,and put the blame on the alarm clock.
解析 句意:许多人发现早上很难起床,并把责任归咎于闹钟。put the blame on...
表示“将责任归咎于……”。
5-4 ( )While we can't change the body type we are born with, we can't blame
our genes for making us fat.
解析 句意:虽然我们无法改变我们天生的体态,但我们也不能怪基因使我们肥
胖。blame sth. for doing sth.因做某事而怪罪某物。故填for。
|link vt. & n.连接;联系;挽住
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths
that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.(教材P3)在伦敦的另一个地方,他从两
个与宽街暴发霍乱有关联的其他死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。
情景导学
Police suspect there may be a link between the two cases.
警方怀疑那两桩案件可能有关联。
There is increasing evidence that heart disease is linked to inactivity.越来越多的证
据表明心脏病与不活动有一定的联系。
归纳拓展
①link A to/with B把A和B联系起来
link A and B把A和B连接起来
be linked with/to与……有联系/有关联
②a link between ...(and...)……(和……)之间的联系
the weak link薄弱环节
③同义词组:
把……和……连接起来:connect...to/with..., join...to...
把……和……联系起来:relate...to...
单句语法填空
6-1 (2019天津,阅读理解C, )When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge
numbers of a single prey(猎物), the two species are strongly linked (link).
解析 句意:当一个掠食动物总是吃大量的单一猎物时,这两个物种是紧密相连
的。be linked有联系,有关联。故用过去分词。
6-2 (2018浙江,语法填空, )Researchers have found that there is a direct link
between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems.
解析 句意:研究人员发现,在外吃的食物数量的增加和体重问题的增加有直接
的联系。a link between...……之间的联系。
6-3 (2018课标全国Ⅱ,完形填空, ) Linking (link) arms with one of the
instructors, I helped carry the young man out of the water.
解析 句意:我和一位教练挽着胳膊将这个年轻人拉出了水面。link在此处意为
“挽着”,I和link是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。
6-4 (2016江苏,阅读理解C, )Since the poorest are least likely to make up for
their losses from disasters linked (link) to El Ni o, reducing their losses needsto be the priority.
解析 句意:由于最贫穷的人最不可能弥补与厄尔尼诺现象有关的灾害所造成的
损失,因此减少他们的损失就必须是当务之急。分析可知,此处是非谓语动词作
定语。be linked to与……有联系。故填linked。
|announce vt.宣布;通告
With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that
polluted water carried the germs.(教材P3)
有了这个额外的证据,约翰· 斯诺就能够肯定地宣布被污染了的水携带着病毒。
情景导学
It was announced that China's deep-sea manned submersible Fendouzhe set a national
diving record of 10,909 meters on November 10th.据宣布中国深海载人潜水器
“奋斗者”号于11月10日下潜至10,909米,创下国内新纪录。
After the president made an official announcement, she expressed her personal opin-
ion.
在总统发布了官方的通告后,她发表了她自己的看法。
归纳拓展
①announce sth.to sb.对某人宣布某事
It is/was announced that...据宣布……
②announcement n.公告,布告;宣布
make an announcement 发表公告
易混辨析
announce 意为“宣布”,指对公众或特定的一些人宣布他
们所关心的事情,如消息或新闻等
declare 意为“宣称”,指官方的公开宣告,而且清楚明
确,多用于宣战、议和、宣判等
单句语法填空
7-1 (2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解D, )Share library announcements (an-
nounce) on your social media.
解析 考查名词复数。句意:在你的社交媒体上分享图书馆的公告。由句子结构
和句意可知,设空处作Share的宾语,表示“公告”,应用名词announcement;an-
nouncement表示“公告”时是可数名词,其前没有冠词,应用其复数形式。故填
announcements。
7-2 (2017课标全国Ⅲ,完形填空, )He said the lucky woman will be an-
nounced (announce) on the website and the trip will be shared online.
解析 考查语态和情态动词。句意:他说,这位幸运的女士将在网站上被公布,旅
行将在网上被分享。从句主语woman和announce之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;
空前是will,will后接动词原形,故填be announced。
7-3 (2016天津,完形填空, )As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly
heard the head coach announcing (announce), “The highest honor goes to
Cathy!”
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:在仪式即将结束时,我突然听到总教练宣布:“最
高荣誉归Cathy!”hear sb.doing sth.听到某人正在做某事。空后是教练说的话,因
此是听到教练正在说,故填announcing。
7-4 ( )One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced (an
nounce) he was going to make stew(炖菜).
解析 考查时态。句意:一天他拿了一篮子蔬菜,宣布要炖菜。根据was going to
可知此处应用动词的过去式,故填announced。
选词并用其适当形式填空
(declare/announce)
7-5(2020江苏,阅读理解A, )Wuhan declared temporary outbound(向外
的) traffic restrictions.
|contribute vt.& vi.捐献;贡献;捐助;投稿,撰稿
to contribute(教材P4)捐助
情景导学
The scientist contributed all his books to the local library.
那位科学家把他所有的书都捐给了当地的图书馆。
Chatting in English will contribute to improving your oral English.用英语聊天将有
助于改善你的英语口语。
(Global Times, 2020年11月)For a very long time to come, China will make greater
contributions to the world than now.
在未来很长一段时间内,中国对世界的贡献将大于现在。
归纳拓展
①contribute... to ...把……捐献给……;把……投给……
contribute to ...促成/造成……,促进……,有助于……;是……的原因之一;为
……做出贡献;捐助……
②contribution n.捐款,捐助物,贡献
make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献
单句语法填空
8-1 (2020浙江,阅读理解A改编, )Tennessee Williams has received Pulitzer
Prizes for his contribution(s) (contribute) to the theater.
解析 句意:田纳西·威廉斯因其对戏剧的贡献而获得普利策奖。根据his可知此
处应用名词,根据句意可知此处用单复数均可,故填contribution(s)。
完成句子
8-2 (2020天津,完形填空, )孤独是一种严重的,能导致抑郁,甚至犯罪的社交
问题。
Loneliness is a serious social problem that/which can contribute
to depression and even crimes.
8-3 ( )只有这样,我们才能为我们的家庭和社会做出巨大的贡献。
Only in this way can we make a great contribution
to our family and our society.
|make sense 讲得通;有道理;有意义;是明智的
Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky
make sense.(教材P7)
只有当你把太阳放在那个位置上, 天空中其他行星的运动才能说得通。
情景导学
I can't make sense of this poem, but perhaps I will if I read it again.
我弄不懂这首诗的意义,但我再读一遍或许就能读懂了。
There is no sense in trying to persuade him to give up smoking.
试图说服他戒烟是无意义的。
In no sense are people allowed to hunt wild animals for their meat or fur.
决不能允许人们猎杀野生动物以获取它们的肉和皮毛。
归纳拓展
① make sense of ...理解/明白……
②there is no sense in doing sth.做某事没道理/意义
③common sense 常识
④a sense of...……感;have/feel a sense of...有……感
⑤in a sense/in one sense/in some senses 从某种意义上来说
⑥ in no sense 无论如何都不,决不(置于句首要倒装)
单句语法填空
9-1 (2020江苏,任务型阅读, )In my experience, most people think they have
a sense of humor.
解析 考查固定短语。句意:在我的经历中,大部分人都认为他们有幽默感。
have a sense of humor有幽默感。故填a。
9-2 (2019天津,阅读理解D, )We lose our sense of wonder.But, if we
are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.
解析 考查固定短语。句意:我们失去了我们的好奇感。但是,如果我们愿意去
学习,机会无处不在。a sense of意为“……感”。故填介词of。
9-3 ( )See, your computer has broken down again!It doesn't make sense to
buy (buy)the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:瞧,你的电脑又坏了!只是为了省一点钱就买最便
宜的牌子的电脑是不明智的。此处It是形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式短
语,故填to buy。
根据汉语提示完成句子
9-4 (2018浙江,阅读理解B, )His strange habit makes sense (讲
得通) when you consider that he's an environmental scientist...
9-5 ( )Depending on what enemies or resources are around, it might make
sense (是明智的)to travel in a combined group rather than a smaller one.
|every time引导从句
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(教
材P2)
因此,每次(霍乱)暴发时, 就有成千上万的惊恐的人死去。
情景导学
Every time I was in trouble,he would come to help me.
每当我处于困境时,他就会来帮助我。
Next time/The next time you come,do remember to bring your son here.
下次来的时候,一定记着把你儿子带来。
The moment he got out of the airport,the pop star was surrounded by his fans.
这位流行音乐歌星一出机场,就被歌迷围住了。
归纳拓展
every time在句中相当于连词, 引导 时间状语 从句。意为“每当……的时
候”。有相同用法的还有:
time类名词短语:the first/last time、each time、(the) next time 等。
the+瞬间名词:the minute、the instant、the moment等, 意为“ 一……就……”。
the+其他时间名词:the week、the year、the month等。
单句改错
1-1 (2018课标全国Ⅰ,短文改错, )The first time when I went there, they were
living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and other animals.
去掉when
解析 句意:我第一次去那里的时候,他们和狗、鸭子还有其他动物住在一个小
房子里。The first time后直接接从句,不需要再使用when。
根据汉语提示完成句子
1-2 (2019北京,完形填空, )He asks you questions and actually remembers the
answers, so the next time you ride with
him (下一次你和他一起乘车), he'll check on those things.
1-3 (2016浙江,短文改错, ) Every time he arrived
home (每一次他回到家)at the end of the day ,we'd greet him at the door.
|neither...nor...既不……也不……
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(教材P2)
人们既不知道其起因,也不知道它的治疗方法。
情景导学
Neither Tom nor his parents are going to see the film this weekend.
这个周末,汤姆和他的父母都不打算去看电影。
Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.
我既不知道这件事,也不关心这件事。
归纳拓展
①neither...nor...连接句中两个并列成分。当它连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复
数取决于与谓语最 近 的主语;当它连接两个并列分句时,如果neither和nor
都在分句的句首,则两个分句都需 倒装 。
②适用就近原则的还有not only...but also...、either...or...、not...but...等。
单句语法填空
2-1 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )As the author explains, this is neither a
travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
解析 句意:正如作者所解释的,这既不是旅行书,也不是历史书,甚至不是一篇报
告文学。neither...nor...既不……也不……。
完成句子
2-2 (2019课标全国Ⅱ,七选五, )没有动力,你既不能设定目标也不能达到目
标。
Without motivation,you can neither set a goal nor
reach it.
2-3 (2016江苏,书面表达, )我们既不应该漫无目的地接受网络投票,也不能
完全否定它。
Neither should we embrace online voting aimlessly, nor can we deny it completely.
|“only+状语(从句)”放在句首
Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make
sense.(教材P7)
只有当你把太阳放在那个位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得通。
情景导学
Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.
只有当我离开父母去了意大利,我才意识到我有多么爱他们。
Only Li Lei finished all the tasks on time and he was qualified for the job.只有李磊
按时完成了所有任务,他能胜任这份工作。
Only in this way can you work out the problem.
只有用这种方法,你才能做出这道题。
归纳拓展
①“only+状语”放于句首,句子要使用 部分倒装 ,即把助动词、情态动词
或be动词放在主语之前。
②“only+状语从句”放于句首, 从句 不倒装, 主句 需要部分倒
装。
③“only+ 主语 ”放在句首,句子不倒装。
单句语法填空
3-1 ( )Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him a
gain.
解析 考查倒装句。句意:只有当他为自己的无礼道歉后我才会再次和他说话。
“only+状语从句”置于句首时,主句部分需采用部分倒装,根据本句中的语境以
及Only后从句的时态为一般现在时可知主句需用一般将来时,故填情态动词will。
完成句子
3-2 (2019浙江,阅读理解A, )这个奖牌对我父母来说非常珍贵。只有在特殊
场合他们才会拿出来让我们捧在手中。
This medal was very precious to my parents.Only on special occasions(场合)
would they take it out and let us hold it in our
hands.
3-3 ( )当莉莉走进办公室时,她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。
Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she
had left the contract at home.
过去分词作定语和表语
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。从语法功能分析, 过去分词除了和be动
词、has、have、had等构成表示语态和时态的结构之外, 还具有动词、形容词或
副词的特性, 可在句中充当定语、表语、补足语或状语。本单元重点讲解过去
分词作定语和表语的用法。
一、过去分词作定语
1.概念和意义:及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成;
不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动, 只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
a polluted river一条被污染的河流
(2)只表示完成, 不表示被动
the fallen leaves落叶 the risen sun升起的太阳
2.过去分词作定语的位置
(1)一般情况下, 单个过去分词作前置定语, 即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示
强调, 也可放在被修饰词之后。
①The polluted (pollute) water was to blame for the spread of cholera.
被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。
②I want to change the materials used (use) before.
我想更换以前已用过的材料。
【温馨提示】有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之
后,如left(剩余的)、given(所给的)、concerned(有关的)等。
③Hurry up! There is little time left (leave).
快一点!没剩下多少时间了。
(2)过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语,即放在所修饰词之后,相当于一个定
语从句。
④The book that/which was written by the famous scientist is very popular.
=The book written by the famous scientist is very popular.
由这位著名科学家写的那本书很受欢迎。
(3)当被修饰的词是不定代词something、nothing、somebody等或指示代词
those、these时, 作定语的过去分词常常后置。
⑤There is still something unsolved (unsolve) so we should carry on.
依然还有未解决的事情,因此我们要继续。
3.过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别
及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动意义,表示动作已经发生或完成;不及物动
词的过去分词作定语不表示被动意义,只表示动作已完成。现在分词作定语表示
主动或正在进行。
⑥Nine out of ten women interviewed (interview)about the product said they
liked it.就这个产品被采访的妇女中有十分之九的人说她们喜欢这个产品。
⑦Nowadays there are a lot of man-made satellites flying (fly) in space.如今
在太空中有许许多多人造卫星在飞行。
4.三种表示被动的非谓语形式作定语时所表示的含义
done表示动作已完成;being done表示动作正在进行中;to be done表示动作尚未发
生。
⑧The building built (build)last year is the museum of our city.
去年建造的楼是我们城市的博物馆。
⑨The building being built (build)now is the museum of our city.
现在正在建造的楼是我们城市的博物馆。
⑩The building to be built (build) next month is the museum of our city.
下个月将要建造的楼是我们城市的博物馆。
二、过去分词作表语
1.过去分词作表语的用法
过去分词可放在连系动词be、get、feel、remain、seem、look、become等之后
作表语,表示主语的特征或所处的状态。
He looked worried (worry)after reading the letter from his parents.读完父
母的来信后,他显得很忧虑。
When we heard of the news, we were deeply moved (move).
当我们听到这则消息时,我们被深深地感动了。
2.过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时,强调主语所处的状态;而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的
承受者,强调动作。
My glasses are broken (break).
我的眼镜碎了。(状态)
My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)
3.情感类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别
与情感有关的及物动词,其现在分词意为“令人……的”,多用来修饰物;其过去
分词意为“感到……的”,多用来指人。
His words were discouraging , which made many people discouraged
.(discourage)
他的话令人泄气,使得很多人感到灰心丧气。
单句语法填空
1.(2020浙江,完形填空, )The lamb had become separated (separate)
from its mother.
解析 句意:小羊和羊妈妈分开了。此处become是系动词,设空处作become的表
语。be separated from被分开。故填separated。
2.(2020天津,完形填空, )Jones was shocked (shock)when she said that
she didn't actually mind being cheated.
解析 句意:当她说她实际上不介意被欺骗时,琼斯感到震惊。分析可知,设空处
作was的表语,表示“感到震惊的”,应用形容词化的过去分词shocked。故填
shocked。
3.(2020浙江,阅读理解C, )After a long run, you may feel like you're in pain,
you may feel tired (tire).
解析 句意:长跑之后,你或许感觉很疼,你或许感到很疲惫。feel是系动词,此处
用形容词化的过去分词作表语。再根据主语you及语境可知应用tired,表示“感
到疲惫的”。故填tired。
4.(2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解B, )The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our
bond with the work is based (base) on our present mental register.
解析 句意:重读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态
的。is在此处是系动词。 be based on是固定短语,意为“根据”。故此处用过去
分词作表语。故填based。
5.(2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )Some of the injuries associated (associate)
with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers.
解析 句意:一些与跑步有关的伤害,比如跑步者的膝盖,在竞走者中不常见。
Some of the injuries是句子的主语,injuries后是非谓语动词作定语;be associated
with与……有联系。故填过去分词associated。
6.(2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解C, )Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned
(concern) that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.
解析 句意:路易斯安那州的科学家们非常担心,他们决定一条尾巴付给猎人5美
元。主句主语是Scientists , were是系动词,此处用非谓语动词作表语,表示“担心
的,担忧的”,应用形容词化的过去分词concerned。
7.(2020全国Ⅲ,七选五, )There are usually no planned (plan) activities
like games at a housewarming party.
解析 句意:在乔迁聚会上,通常没有计划好的活动,比如说,游戏。分析可知此处
修饰名词activities,作定语。且activities和plan之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故填过
去分词planned。
8.(2020全国Ⅲ,阅读理解D, )We were so amazed (amaze) that they
could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.
解析 句意:他们在水下待的时间比我们本地岛民长得多,真是太令人惊讶了。
设空处是表语,主句主语是We,故填amazed,表示“感到吃惊的”。
9.(2020全国Ⅲ,阅读理解D, )On Thursday in an article published (pub-
lish) in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation—not to air or to
food, but to the ocean.
解析 句意:周四在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中,一个研究小组报告了一
种新的适应方式,不是对空气或食物的适应,而是对海洋的适应。分析句子结构
可知,设空处作定语修饰名词article,且article和publish之间是逻辑上的被动关
系。故填published。
10.(2020浙江1月,阅读理解C, )And over time, the persistence gained
(gain) through fathers led to higher achievement in school.
解析 句意:随着时间的推移,通过父亲获得的这份毅力会让孩子在学校有更高的成绩。谓语为led to,空格处为非谓语动词,gain与persistence之间为逻辑上的被动关系,需用过去分词短语作后置定语。
11.(2019课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解A, )If you are a teenager living (live) in
certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program...
解析 句意:如果你是一个居住在该省某些地区的青少年,你可能有资格参加这
个项目……。teenager与live之间为逻辑上的主动关系,需用现在分词短语作后置
定语。
12.(2019课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解B, )With shining (shine) dark eyes, he
seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
解析 句意:他有一双炯炯有神的黑眼睛,看上去就像那种喜欢公众演讲的孩
子。此处表示发亮的眼睛,shine与eyes之间为逻辑上的主动关系,需用现在分词
shining作定语。
13.(2019课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )Data collected (collect) from the
device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed,
with very low error rates.
解析 句意:从设备收集的数据可以用来根据他们打字的方式识别不同的参与
者,(这种识别)错误率很低。collect与Data之间为逻辑上的被动关系,用过去分词
短语作后置定语。
14.(2019天津,10, )Most colleges now offer first-year students a course special-
ly designed (design)to help them succeed academically and personally.
解析 句意:大多数大学现在为大一学生提供一门专门为他们设计的课程,以帮
助他们在学术和个人发展方面取得成功。句中的a course与design之间是逻辑上
的被动关系,需用过去分词作后置定语。be designed to do sth.是固定短语,意为
“被设计来做某事;旨在做某事”。
15.(2018江苏,29, )Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus,
plan and stay motivated (motivate) after one or two nights.
解析 句意:除非你能睡个好觉,否则一两晚后,你就会失去专注、计划和保持积
极性的能力。此处stay为系动词,需用过去分词motivated作表语,表示“有积极性
的”。
16.(2018课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解A, )Join a guided (guide)bike tour and
view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C.
解析 句意:参加一个有导游带着的自行车之旅吧,去观看一下华盛顿特区最受
欢迎的一些纪念碑。设空处指“被导游带着的”,需用过去分词guided作定语。
17.(2018课标全国Ⅱ,七选五, )Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to
relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited (excite).
解析 句意:运动使你精力充沛,所以当你非常兴奋的时候,放松和安静地睡觉就更困难了。此处用来表示主语you的状态,需用excited作表语,意为“兴奋的”。
18.(2018课标全国Ⅲ,语法填空, )No one had seen them for hours, and my col-
leagues and I were worried (worry).
解析 句意:好几个小时没人看见它们了,我的同事们和我都很担心。设空处表
示主语my colleagues and I 的状态,主语指人,此处指“感到担忧的”,需用过去分
词worried作表语。
19.(2017北京,32, )Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time
spent (spend)with his students.
解析 句意:吉姆已经退休了,但他仍然记得和他的学生度过的快乐时光。句中
指的是一起度过的时光,time与spend之间为逻辑上的被动关系,此处需用过去分
词短语作后置定语。(共60张PPT)
Ⅰ.核心单词
(A)写作词汇—写词形
1. clarify vt.澄清;阐明
2. unwilling adj.不愿意(的);不乐意(的)
3. credit n.信任;学分;赞扬;信贷
4. currency n.货币;通货
5. countryside n.乡下;农村
6. enjoyable adj.令人愉快的;使人高兴的 7. opportunity n.机会;时机
8. plus prep.加上;和 adj.加的;正的;零上的
9. alike adj.相同的;类似的
10. conflict n.矛盾;冲突
11. quarrel n.争吵;争论;吵架vi.争吵;吵架
12. fold vt.折叠;对折
13. sightseeing n.观光;游览
14. uniform n.制服
15. splendid adj.壮丽的;辉煌的;极好的
16. error n.错误;过失;谬误
(B)阅读词汇—明词义
1.kingdom n. 王国
2.province n. 省;行政区
3.institution n. 制度;机制;公共机构
4.nationwide adj. 全国性的;全国范围的
5.Roman n. (古)罗马人 adj. (古)罗马的
6.administration n. 管理;行政部门
7.port n. 港口(城市)
8.Norman n. 诺曼人;诺曼语 adj. 诺曼的;诺曼人(语)的
9.Viking n. 北欧海盗;斯堪的纳维亚人
10.fax n. 传真(机) vt. 用传真传输(文件)
11.wedding n. 婚礼
12.royal adj. 王室的;皇家的;高贵的
13.statue n. 塑像;雕像
14.longitude n. 经线;经度
15.navigation n. 导航;航行
munism n. 共产主义
17.pot n. 罐;壶
18.tense n. 时态
(C)拓展词汇—灵活用
1. unite vi.& vt.联合;团结→ united adj.团结的;联合的→ union
n.联合;联盟;结合;协会
2. consist vi.组成;在于;一致→ consistent adj.一致的→ consistent-
ly adv.一致地→ consistency n.一致性
3. accomplish vt.完成;达到;实现→ accomplishment n.成就,成绩;完
成;才艺,技艺→ accomplished adj.才华高的;技艺高超的
4. educational adj.教育的→ educate vt.教育→ education n.教
育→ educator n.教育家
5. convenience n.便利;方便→ convenient adj.方便的
6. rough adj.粗糙的;粗暴的→ roughly adv.粗略地;粗糙地
7. attract vt.吸引;引起注意→ attraction n.吸引;吸引力→ attrac-
tive adj.有吸引力的
8. historical adj.历史(上)的;有关历史的→ history n.历史;历史学→
historic adj.有历史意义的
9. architecture n.建筑学;建筑艺术→ architect n.建筑师
10. collection n.收藏品;珍藏;收集→ collect vt.收集
11. description n.描写;描述→ describe vt.描述;形容;描绘
12. furnished adj.配备好装备的;带家具的→ furnish vt.提供;布置→
furniture n.家具
13. possibility n.可能(性)→ possible adj.可能的→ possibly
adv.可能地
14. arrange vt.筹备;安排;整理→ arrangement n.布置;整理
15. delight n.快乐;高兴;喜悦vt.使高兴;使欣喜→ delighted adj.高兴
的;快乐的→ delightful adj.令人高兴的
16. imaginary adj.想象中的; 假想的;虚构的→ imagine vt.想象→
imagination n.想象
17. original adj.最初的;原始的; 独创的;新颖的→ origin n.起源→
originally adv.原来;最初
18. thrill vt.使激动;使胆战心惊→ thrilling adj.令人兴奋不已的;扣
人心弦的→ thrilled adj.非常兴奋的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. divide...into 把……分成
2. refer to 提到;谈到;涉及;参考
3. break away (from) 挣脱(束缚);脱离
4. to one's credit 为……带来荣誉;值得赞扬;在……名下
5. for convenience 为了方便
6. leave out 省去;遗漏;不考虑
7. take the place of 代替
8. break down (机器)损坏;破坏
9. make a list of 列……的清单
10. in memory of 纪念……
11.consist of 由……组成
12.as well as 也
13.keep one's eyes open 留心
14.work out 解决;锻炼身体
15.pick up 捡起;用车接人;学会
16.to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是
17.at one time 曾经;一度
Ⅲ.经典结构
1.值得赞扬的是,这四个国家的确在一些方面一起工作(例如在货币和国际关系方
面),但是它们仍然有非常不同的制度。
To their credit the four countries do work to-
gether in some areas(eg, the currency and international relations), but they still
have very different institutions.
2.真遗憾,这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。
It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the
nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
3.如果你要使你的英国之旅愉快又有意义,你就必须留心。
You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the Unit-
ed Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile .
4.由于担心可用时间不够,张萍玉已经把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单
子。
Worried about the time available , Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the
sites she wanted to see in London.
5.接着参观的是圣保罗大教堂,它是公元1666年伦敦大火以后建造的。刚建成的
时候,它看起来金碧辉煌!
There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of Lon-
don in 1666.It looked splendid when first built !
6.这是一条假想的线,它把世界分成东西两个半球,对航海很有用。
It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world
and is very useful for navigation.
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1.So only Northern Ireland joined with England,Wales and Scotland to become the
United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union
Jack.
分析:本句是一个并列复合句。第二个and连接两个并列分句。在第二个分句中,
过去分词短语called the Union Jack作名词flag的 后置定语 。
句意:因此,只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰联合起来组成了联合王国,
从向世界展示的新的被称为联合王国国旗的旗子上就可以看出来这一点。
2.You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities
in the Midlands and the North of England.
分析:本句是一个简单句。句子的主语是You,谓语是find,most of the population作
宾语,settled in the south作 宾语补足语 ,but连接并列的“宾语+宾语补足
语”结构,在but后的该结构中省略了与前边相同的settled。
句意:你可以看到大部分人口定居在南部,而大多数工业城市位于英格兰中部和
北部。
3.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived
and died in London.
分析:这是一个主从复合句。It是 形式主语 ,that引导的 主语从句 是
真正的主语,其中,who引导的 定语从句 ,修饰先行词the man。
句意:这似乎是一件怪事:这个提出了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过,并且在伦
敦去世。
Ⅴ.必备语法
过去分词作宾补
1.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included (include) as
well.
2.Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the U-
nited Kingdom by getting Ireland connected (connect) in the same peaceful
way.
3.Jill and Eric had all their money stolen (steal) while they were on holiday.
4.They had no time to arrange their own wedding, so they had it organized
(organize)by a company.
5.It passes through Greenwich,so Pingyu had a photo taken (take) standing on
either side of the line.
|consist vi.组成;在于;一致
How many countries does the UK consist of (教材P9)
英国包括多少个国家
情景导学
(Global Times, 2020年5月) The Beidou-3 Navigation Satellite System will consist of
30 satellites, and 29 satellites are now in orbit.北斗三号卫星导航系统将由30颗卫
星组成,目前29颗卫星在轨运行。
The beauty of this picture consists in its balance of colours.
这张画美就美在色调均匀。
New goals are not always consistent with the existing policies.
新目标并不总是与现行政策一致。
归纳拓展
①consist of /be made up of/be composed of 由……组成
consist in =lie in在于;存在于
consist with 与……一致;与……符合
②consistent adj.一致的;一贯的;坚持的
be consistent with 与……一致
③consistently adv.一贯地;一直
单句语法填空
1-1 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,七选五, )Remember, even world champion athletes
practice their skills on a consistent (consist) basis.
解析 句意:请记住,即使是世界冠军运动员,也是在坚持的基础上练习他们的技
能的。修饰名词basis应用形容词,consistent是形容词,意为“一致的,坚持的”。
1-2 (2019天津3月,阅读理解A, )Student Village consists of fifteen in-
dependent units.
解析 句意:“学生村”由十五个独立的单元组成。consist of由……组成。
1-3 (2018天津,阅读理解A, )Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm
systems consisting (consist) of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.
解析 句意:大多数还配备了由感温探测器、烟雾报警器和自动喷水灭火装置组
成的火灾自动报警系统。分析句子结构可知,systems后是非谓语动词作定语,
consist of(由……组成)无被动形式,故用现在分词。
1-4 (2016江苏,阅读理解D, )At the Beijing Olympics she swept away any
doubts about her ability to perform consistently (consistent) by becoming the
first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold.
解析 句意:在北京奥运会上,她一举扫除了人们对她是否有能力保持一贯表现
的怀疑,成为有史以来第一位获得奥运会100米金牌的牙买加女子。修饰动词per-
form应用副词,故填consistently。
|divide...into...把……分成……
England can be divided into three main areas.(教材P9)
英格兰可以分为三个主要区域。
情景导学
(China Daily, 2020年8月) Universal Beijing Resort will start trial operation next
spring, which is divided into three phases.
北京环球影城将在明年春季开始试运营,它分三期建设。
Ten divided by two equals five.10除以2等于5。
归纳拓展
①divide v.(使)分开;除;除以;分配,分享
divide sth.between/among...在……之间/之中分配某物
divide A by B A除以B
②division n.分开;除法;分歧
③divided adj.分裂的;有分歧的
④undivided adj.未划分的;专注的
易混辨析
divide(...into...) 常指把某个整体划分为若干部分
separate(...from...) 表示“将……与……分开”,指把原来连在一起
或靠近的东西分隔开来
写出画线部分的汉语意思
2-1 (2019天津,完形填空, )I read that people are more divided than ever,
but that's not how the people I encounter tend to act.Looking back, I feel blessed
someone had wanted to help a stranger.
更为分裂的
2-2 (2019天津,阅读表达, )If a child approaches him,he will pause to give that
child his undivided attention .
他专注的注意力
单句语法填空
2-3 (2017北京,完形填空, )Hannah's Place is divided into several areas,
providing shelter for people when it is so cold that sleeping outdoors can mean death.
解析 句意:Hannah's Place被划分为几个区域,在冷到睡在外面可能意味着死亡
的时候,为人们提供住所。be divided into意为“被划分为……”。
2-4 ( )Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the dividing (divide)line be-
tween middle age and old age.
解析 句意:把65岁作为中年和老年之间的分界线可能是过时的。dividing line意
为“分界线”,故填dividing。
|break away (from)突然挣脱;脱离;逃脱,挣脱(束缚);离开;脱开
However,the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its
own government.(教材P10)
然而,爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国,它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。
情景导学
The USA has broken away from several important international organizations.
美国已经脱离了好几个重要的国际组织。
Since COVID-19 broke out, our country has taken effective measures and succeeded
in controlling its spread.
自新冠肺炎暴发以来,我国已采取了有效的措施,成功地控制了它的传播。
Talks with business leaders broke down last night.
昨晚与商界领导人的谈判破裂了。
归纳拓展
①break down 出故障;失败;分解;消除
②break out (战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生;爆发
③break through 冲破;突破
④break up 粉碎;解散,破裂
单句语法填空
3-1 (2020天津,完形填空, )Jones' idea has been fully realized—the “HAPPY
TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps
people from saying hello.
解析 句意:琼斯的想法已经得到了充分的实现,“快乐聊天”的长椅有助于打
破无形的、阻止人们互相问候的社交屏障。break down消除。
3-2 (2018北京,阅读理解C, )Researchers in Spain and England recently found
that the worms of the greater wax moth(大蜡螟) can break down polyethy-
lene (聚乙烯), which accounts for 40% of plastics.
解析 句意:西班牙和英国的研究人员最近发现,较大的大蜡螟的幼虫能分解聚
乙烯,而聚乙烯占塑料的百分之四十。break down分解。
3-3 (2017浙江,完形填空, )Her friends came to help her when the war broke
out .
解析 句意:当战争爆发的时候,她的朋友们前来帮助她。break out意思是“爆
发”。
3-4 ( )The girl danced with the prince on all three nights and the prince fell in
love with her.However, she broke away from him to rush back home each
night.
解析 考查固定短语。句意:这三个晚上,女孩都和王子一起跳舞,王子爱上了
她。然而,每天晚上她都突然挣脱他匆忙赶回家。break away from意为“突然挣
脱”,符合语境。故填from。
|convenience n.便利;方便;便利设施
England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided
roughly into three zones.(教材P10)
在这四个国家中,英格兰是最大的。为了方便,它大致被划分成三个地区。
情景导学
By the end of 2022, the intelligent services are expected to be more convenient for
elderly people than they are currently.
预计到2022年底,与目前相比智能化服务会给老人带来更多便利。
Mum invited the Greens to visit our house at their convenience.
妈妈邀请格林一家方便的时候来我家玩。
I kept my reference book near my desk for convenience.
我把参考书放在书桌旁以方便使用。
归纳拓展
① at one's convenience 在某人方便时
for convenience 为了方便起见
for sb.'s convenience=for the convenience of sb.为了某人方便起见
②convenient adj.方便的;便利的;附近的;容易到达的
be convenient for sb.对某人来说方便
it is convenient (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)方便做某事
单句语法填空
4-1 (2019江苏,30, )To enjoy the convenience (convenient) of digital
payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
解析 句意:为享受数字化支付的便利,很多老年人开始使用智能手机。enjoy后
需接名词作宾语,且空前有冠词the,故填convenience。
4-2 (2016江苏,任务型阅读, )Smartphones make it easier and more conve-
nient (convenient)to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo.
解析 句意:智能手机使得核实真实性、看视频片段和刷微博变得更容易也更方
便了。根据and前面的easier可知,此处需用形容词的比较级,故填more conve-
nient。
完成句子
4-3 (2016课标全国Ⅲ,书面表达, )如果你方便的话,我们8:30在校门外见面
吧。
If it's convenient for you ,let's meet at 8:30 out-
side the school gate.
翻译句子
4-4 (2020全国Ⅲ,书面表达, )关于这些问题,我们希望在你方便的时候,能得
到你的帮助。
With regard to these problems, we hope to get your help at your convenience.
|attract vt.吸引;引起注意
It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract
visitors.(教材P10)
可惜的是这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。
情景导学
(China Daily,2020年9月)The Yellow Crane Tower, a landmark tourist attraction in
Wuhan, will launch night tours.
武汉市地标性旅游景点黄鹤楼将开放夜间游览。
The player's outstanding performance attracted the coach's attention.
这个运动员的出色表现引起了教练的注意。
The videos of Li Ziqi are attractive to large quantities of netizens at home and
abroad.
李子柒的视频吸引了国内外的很多网民。
归纳拓展
① attract (one's) attention 吸引(某人的)注意力
attract sb.to sth.吸引某人关注某事
be attracted by 被……吸引
② attraction n.向往的地方;吸引力;吸引,爱慕
③attractive adj.有吸引力的;吸引人的
be attractive to 对……有吸引力
单句语法填空
5-1 (2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )It's this strange form that makes race walking
such an attractive (attract) activity.
解析 句意:正是这种奇怪的形式使竞走成为如此吸引人的活动。修饰名词ac-
tivity需用形容词,故填attractive。
5-2 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )A few years later, still attracted
(attract) to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disap-
pearance of the Aral Sea.
解析 句意:几年后,由于仍然被这个国家吸引,他回到了乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇
关于咸海消失的文章。分析句子结构可知,句子的主语是he,returned是谓语,故此
处是非谓语动词,且he和attract之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。故填at-
tracted。
5-3 (2018江苏,阅读理解B, )Although the main attraction (attract) was
the soup, Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out.
解析 句意:虽然最吸引人的是汤,但罗兹的连锁店也为外出就餐设定了新的标
准。分析句子可知此处作从句的主语,应用名词,故填attraction。
翻译句子
5-4 (2020全国Ⅱ,书面表达, )我们一到达农场,就被它的干净和各种各样的
水果吸引住了。
Upon arriving at the farm, we were attracted by its cleanliness and rich varieties of
fruit.
|leave out 省去;遗漏;不包括;不考虑
Which country is left out (教材P11)哪个国家被遗漏了
情景导学
She outlined the case to him, being careful not to leave anything out.她向他概述了
情况,注意不遗漏任何一件事。
Leave the boy alone, and he can make up his own mind.
别管那个男孩子,他自己会做决定的。
归纳拓展
①leave out是及物动词短语,需要带 宾语 ,即leave sth.out或leave out sth.,宾
语是代词时要放在 leave和out之间 。be/feel left out还可表示“被忽视/冷
落;感到被忽视/冷落”。
②leave... alone 听任;不理会;不打扰
③leave behind 留下;超过;永久离开
④leave off 停止;不包括
⑤leave for 动身去……
单句语法填空
6-1 (2019天津,阅读理解B, )By opening a novel, I can leave behind my
burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world.
解析 句意:通过打开一本小说,我可以抛开我的负担,进入一个精彩的、神秘的
世界。leave behind留下。
6-2 (2019江苏,阅读理解B, )These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst
open in a single big crack, leaving (leave) behind a vast hole,the caldera.
解析 句意:这些是喷发力很强的火山,它们能在一个大裂缝中猛然喷发,留下一
个大洞,即火山口。leave behind “留下”,设空处为非谓语动词作结果状语,表示
自然而然的结果,用现在分词。
6-3 (2016天津,阅读理解D, )Applying my own rule, I determined to write them
in alphabetical order(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea.
解析 句意:按照我自己的规则,我决定按字母顺序写出它们,决不让自己遗漏(任
何)一个棘手的想法。此处表示“遗漏”,需用leave out。
6-4 ( )I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C), thinking of
beaches and orange trees.
解析 句意:我前往那个温暖和有维生素C的地方,想到了海滩和橘子树。leave for表示“前往……”。
|take the place of 代替
All of the words below can take the place of said, but they are used under differ-
ent conditions and in different situations.(教材P12)所有下面这些词都可以代替
“said”,但它们用在不同的语境和情况中。
情景导学
It would be difficult to find a man in place of the present manager.
找一个人来代替现在的经理将是不容易的。
The manager will be away on business and I'll take his place/take the place of him
during his absence.
经理将要出差,他不在时我将代替他。
As we all know,the 24th Winter Olympics will take place in China in 2022.
众所周知,第24届冬季奥运会将于2022年在中国举行。
归纳拓展
①take the place of sb./sth.= take one's place 代替/替换某人/某物
②in place of sb./sth.=in one's place 代替某人/某物
③in place 在正确位置;准备就绪
④out of place位置不当;不得体
⑤ take place 发生,进行
⑥take one's place 就位;入座
单句改错
7-1 (2019课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C, )But the revolution that was taking the
place in the 1830s would change all that.
去掉第二个the
解析 句意:但是19世纪30年代所发生的革命会把所有那种情况都改变。take
place 发生。
7-2 (2019江苏,阅读理解D改编, )Naomi and Steve met every other week and
spent hours together.He'd move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she'd take
place.He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work
being played by someone else.
在place前加his
解析 句意:娜奥米和史蒂夫每隔一周见一次面,一起度过几个小时。他会在钢
琴上笨拙地挪动手指,然后她会代替他。他站在钢琴旁,闭上眼,第一次听自己的
作品被别人弹奏。从后面语境“他站在钢琴旁”和“听自己的作品被别人弹
奏”可知是娜奥米代替史蒂夫坐下来弹琴。
7-3 (2017课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D, )Then lay the tube in the place so that one
end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of
the hole.
去掉第二个the
解析 句意:接着把管子放在恰当的位置,使得管子的一端一直靠在杯子里并且
管子的其余部分向上延伸到所挖坑的外部。由句意可知,此处应用in place,意为
“在正确位置”。
|arrange vt.& vi.筹备;安排 vt.整理
They had no time to arrange their own wedding...(教材P13)他们没有时间筹备
自己的婚礼……
情景导学
I'll make arrangements for you to be met at the airport.我会安排人到机场接你。
Dave arranged for someone to drive him home.戴夫安排人开车送他回家。
Have you arranged to meet Mark this weekend
你安排了这个周末见马克吗
归纳拓展
①arrange to do sth.安排好做某事
arrange for sth.安排某事
arrange for sb. to do sth.安排某人做某事
②arrangement n.安排;约定
make an arrangement/arrangements (for)(为……)做安排
单句语法填空
8-1 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,语法填空, )Most museums also welcome school
groups and arrange special activities for children.
解析 句意:大多数博物馆也欢迎学校集体参观,并为儿童安排特别活动。ar-
range sth. for sb.为某人安排某事,故填介词for。
8-2 (2019天津,阅读理解C, )Food webs may be dominated by many weak links
because that arrangement (arrange) is more stable over the long term.
解析 句意:食物链可能被许多微弱的联系控制,因为那样的安排长远来讲更稳
定。设空处作从句主语,由that修饰,故用名词形式。
8-3 (2016课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )She arranged for a flight on a small
plane to be held for me, re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the
UK even earlier than originally scheduled.
解析 句意:她为我安排了一个包含在一架小型飞机上的航班,使我改道经过纽
瓦克,甚至比原计划的时间更早地把我送回英国。arrange for sth.意为“安排某
事”。
|delight n.快乐;高兴;喜悦;乐事 vt.使高兴;使欣喜
Her first delight was going to the Tower.(教材P14)
她的第一乐事是去伦敦塔。
情景导学
After retirement, he took delight in fishing.
退休以后,他以钓鱼为乐。
He was more than delighted at/by the news of his best friend's wedding.
听到他最好的朋友结婚的消息,他非常高兴。
To his delight, his novel was approved for publication.
令他高兴的是,他的小说被批准出版了。
归纳拓展
①with/in delight 高兴地;快乐地
to sb.'s delight /to the delight of sb.令某人高兴的是
it is a delight to do sth.很高兴做某事
take delight in (doing)sth.=delight in (doing) sth.以(做)某事为乐(尤指做不
该做的事);喜欢做某事
②delighted adj.高兴的;愉快的
be delighted to do sth.高兴做某事
be delighted at/by sth.为某事感到高兴
③delightful adj.令人愉快的
单句语法填空
9-1 (2019课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解A, )I once wrote a paper on the influence of
fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange
and delightful (delight) words.
解析 设空处与前面的strange并列,修饰后面的words,故用delightful。
9-2 (2016课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B, )I was delighted (delight) at the
presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.
解析 句意:对于这样一位学生的出现我非常高兴,在工作中,他有一个极富创造
力的头脑。delighted是形容词,意为“高兴的,愉快的”。be delighted at sth.对某
事感到高兴。
完成句子
9-3 (2019天津3月,完形填空, )令我非常高兴的是,到了第二个星期,我的起
居室看起来像个动物园。
Much to my delight , by the second week my living
room looked like a zoo.
|状语从句的省略
It looked splendid when first built!(教材P14)
刚建成的时候,它看起来金碧辉煌!
情景导学
If (I am) admitted, I will do all I can to do the work well.
如果我被录用,我会努力把工作做好的。
It is always best to choose organically grown foods if (it is) possible.
如果可能,最好还是挑选有机食品。
While (you are) cycling, don't forget to look at traffic lights.
骑车时,不要忘记看红绿灯。
归纳拓展
①状语从句省略的条件
if、when、while、before、after、unless、as if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主
句主语 一致 或状语从句中的主语为 it ,状语从句谓语中含有be动
词的某种形式。
②状语从句的省略成分
省略从句中的 主语 和 be动词 。
单句语法填空
1-1 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,阅读理解B, )She decided to go back to college to ad
vance her career and to be able to better support her family wh-ile doing (do)
something she loves: nursing.
解析 句意:她决定回到大学,在做她喜欢的事情——护理的同时促进她的事业,
能够更好地养家糊口。此处是状语从句的省略,从句主语与主句主语一致,都是
she,she和do之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。
1-2 (2020全国Ⅲ,阅读理解D, )Dr.Jubilado first met the Bajau while grow-
ing (grow) up on Samal Island in the Philippines.
解析 句意:Jubilado博士在菲律宾的萨马尔岛长大的时候,第一次见到了巴瑶
人。此处是状语从句的省略。主语Dr. Jubilado和grow up是主动关系,故用现在
分词。
1-3 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )While on his way to Bukhara he gets a
taste of police methods when suspected (suspect) of drug dealing.
解析 句意:他在去布哈拉的路上被警察怀疑贩毒。分析句子结构可知此处是状
语从句的省略,即“连词+分词”结构,主语he和动词suspect之间是被动关系,故填过去分词suspected。此处省略了he is。
|It seems/seemed+形容词+that...似乎……
It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived
and died in London.(教材P14)
似乎很奇怪,这位提出了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过,并且在伦敦去世。
情景导学
It is important that you (should) lose weight and develop a healthy lifestyle.
减肥和养成健康的生活方式对你来说是非常重要的。
(China Daily,2020年11月)It is also vital that we should take the challenge of food
security seriously and support the UN in holding the Food Systems Summit next
year.
我们要认真对待粮食安全挑战,支持联合国明年举办粮食系统峰会,这也十分重要。
归纳拓展
①在此句型中,it作 形式主语 ,that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。
it 后的系动词可以是be动词、seem、appear等;系动词后除了可以是形容词,也可
以是名词(如a habit、a rule、a pity等)。
②在以下两种句型中,主语从句常用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“ (should+)动词原
形 ”。
It is/was important/necessary/essential/...that...(表示建议时该句型还可写成It is/was
important/necessary/essential/...for sb.to do sth.)
It is/was suggested/ordered/required/desired/...that...
单句语法填空
2-1 (2018江苏,阅读理解D, )It's vital that new compulsory age-appro-
priate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to
deal with the growing demands of social media.
解析 It作形式主语,that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。故填that。
2-2 (2018江苏,阅读理解D, )It's also hugely important for parents to
know which apps their children are using.
解析 句意:家长要知道孩子在使用哪些应用程序,这也很重要。It is important
for sb. to do sth.表示“对某人来说做某事很重要。”,hugely是程度副词,修饰形
容词important。
2-3 (2016北京,阅读理解D, )It is not surprising (surprise)that young
people are likely to burst out,particularly when there are reasons to do so.
解析 句意:年轻人很可能爆发,这不足为奇,尤其是有理由这么做的时候。修饰
事情,应该用surprising,意为“令人惊讶的”。
完成句子
2-4 (2018江苏,24, )真奇怪,他竟然没有经过主人的允许就拿走了这些书。
It's strange that he should have taken the books without the
owner's permission.
过去分词作宾语补足语
一、过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语的关系
英语中过去分词作宾语补足语(此时一般为及物动词或动词短语的过去分词)常
常表示被动或者完成的含义,有时候两者兼而有之。过去分词作宾语补足语时,
与宾语有着逻辑上的被动关系,宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。
①He watched the TV set carried (carry) out of the room.
他看着电视机被搬出了房间。
②She found the house broken (break) into when she came back.
她回来时发现有人闯进了这座房子。
二、几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
1.表示感官或心理状态的动词(短语),如see、watch、observe、find、hear、listen
to、feel、notice等。
③She was walking in the dark street when she heard her name called (call).
她正走在黑暗的街道上,这时她听见有人叫她的名字。
2.表示“让、使”意义的动词,如have、make、get、keep、leave等。
④They managed to make themselves understood (understand) by using very
simple English.
他们设法通过使用很简单的英语来使别人能理解他们。
注意:“have+宾语+过去分词”可以表示以下含义:
(1)表示“让某人做某事”
⑤I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.
明天我要去理发。
(2)表示“遭遇某种不幸;受到打击”
⑥He had his wallet stolen.
他的钱包被偷了。
(3)做某事(主语可能参与其中)
⑦I had my house repaired last week.
上周,我修补了我的房子。
3.表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词,如like、want、wish、order等。
⑧The teacher doesn't wish such questions(to be) discussed (discuss) in class.
老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。
三、“with+宾语+过去分词”结构
在“with+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作宾语补足语,这一结构通常在
句中作伴随状语、原因状语、定语等。
⑨She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed (fix) on his face.
她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他的脸。
四、过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾语补足语的
区别
1.过去分词作宾语补足语:宾语和动词之间为被动关系,表示被动或完成。
2.现在分词作宾语补足语:宾语和动词之间为主动关系,表示主动或进行。
3.不定式作宾语补足语:常常表示动作还没有发生。
⑩I saw the window opened (open).
我看见窗户被打开了。(表示被动、完成)
I saw him opening (open) the window.
我看到他在开窗户。(表示主动、进行)
I have a lot of homework to do (do).
我有许多作业要做。(表示动作未发生)
单句语法填空
1.(2020江苏,书面表达, )It's my first time to hear Chinese stories told
(tell)by an English speaker.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:这是我第一次听到一个说英语的人讲述中国故
事。hear是动词,Chinese stories是宾语,此处是作宾语补足语,Chinese stories和tell
之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故用told。
2.(2020天津,阅读理解D, )That's good, because it's always the people with no
time who get things done (do).
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:那很好,因为总是那些没有时间的人来做这些事
情。things作get的宾语,其后是宾语补足语,things和do之间是逻辑上的被动关系,
故用过去分词。get sth. done使某事被做。
3.(2020全国Ⅱ,语法填空, )They make great gifts and you see them many
times decorated (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们被红包和
好运的信息装饰着。此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。them作see的宾语,
和decorate之间是逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词decorated作宾语补足语。
4.(2019天津,阅读理解D, )Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped (trap).
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:那些敢于尝试的人经常使自己陷入困境。trap 意
为“使陷入困境,困住”,与themselves 构成逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词作
宾补。
5.(2019浙江,阅读理解B, )But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a
board went up with dollar bills attached (attach) to it with pins and a sign that
read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站,一块板子竖了
起来,上面有被大头针固定着的美元纸币,板子上有一块写着“给你能给,取你所
需”的牌子。attach“附着,贴着”,与dollar bills之间为逻辑上的被动关系,用过
去分词。
6.(2019浙江,阅读理解C, )Aggressive wildfire control has left California
forests crowded (crowd) with small trees that compete with big trees for re-
sources(资源).
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:对野火的激进的管理使得加利福尼亚森林长满了
与大树竞争资源的小树。California forests与crowd之间为逻辑上的被动关系,用
过去分词。
7.(2019天津,阅读理解A, )Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition
makes understanding history exciting (excite), engaging and fun!
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意: 桑顿中学历史公平竞赛使理解历史兴奋刺激、
引人入胜、趣味横生!exciting是形容词化的现在分词,意为“令人激动的,令人兴
奋的”,与engaging和fun构成并列的宾补。
8.(2019江苏,书面表达, )It's an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better
known (know) to international students.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:这是一个让中国文化被国际学生更好地了解的机
会。分析句子结构可知,宾语the Chinese culture与know是逻辑上的被动关系,用
过去分词作宾补。
9.(2019课标全国Ⅰ,完形填空, )Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a
crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining (ruin) the atmosphere of
peace
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:乞力马扎罗山应该得到一座挤满了破坏这里祥和
氛围的游客队伍的山这个名声吗 此处含有with 复合结构,tourists和ruin是逻辑上
的主动关系,用现在分词。
10.(2018天津,7, )I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph
taken (take).
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一张新的护照,因此我得照一张照片。本
句含have sth. done结构,意为“使某事被做”。my photograph与take之间是逻辑
上的被动关系,故需用过去分词形式。
11.(2018课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800
languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left
(leave).
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:在总共6,800种语言中,已经有远远超过400种语言
濒临消亡,只剩下少数讲这些语言的老人。此处为with的复合结构,speakers与
leave之间是逻辑上的被动关系,需用过去分词作宾补。
12.( )When we saw the road blocked (block)with snow,we decided to
spend the holiday at home.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:当我们看到路被雪封住时,我们决定在家里度
假。句中the road与动词block为逻辑上的被动关系,需用过去分词作宾补。
单句改错
13.(2018北京,阅读理解A, )As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife
waved a sign.
waved→waving
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:当我接近23英里的时候,我能看见我的妻子在挥
动着一个告示牌。my wife与wave之间应为主动关系,故需用现在分词waving作
宾补。(共63张PPT)
Ⅰ.核心单词
(A)写作词汇—写词形
1. aspect n.方面;层面
2. previous adj.在前的;早先的
3. opening n.(出入的)通路;开口;开端
4. sideways adv.往(向、从)一侧;侧着;侧面朝前
5. lack vi.& vt.缺乏;没有n.缺乏;短缺的东西
6. fasten vt.系牢;扎牢
7. belt n.腰带;皮带
8. flash vt.& vi.(使)闪光;(使)闪现
9. switch n.开关;转换vt.转换
10. timetable n.时间表;时刻表
11. exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的;疲惫不堪的
12. desert n.沙漠;荒原
13. enormous adj.巨大的;庞大的
14. citizen n.公民;居民;市民
15. button n.纽扣;按钮
16. dustbin n.垃圾箱
17. swallow vt.吞下;咽下
18. material n.原料;材料
19. goods n.货物
(B)阅读词汇—明词义
1.jet n. 喷气式飞机
2.jet lag 飞行时差反应
3.flashback n. 闪回;倒叙
4.tablet n. 药片
5.expertise n. 专家意见;专门知识(技能等)
6.capsule n. 太空舱;胶囊
7.steward n. 乘务员;服务员
8.stewardess n. 女乘务员
9.mask n. 面具;面罩;伪装
10.hover vi. 盘旋
11.carriage n. 运输工具;四轮马车;客车
12.safety belt 安全带
13.pedal n. 踏板;脚蹬
14.alien n. 外星人,外国人 adj. 陌生的;外国的;外星球的
15.mud n. 泥(浆)
16.postage n. 邮资
17.postcode n. 邮政编码
18.ribbon n. 丝带;带状物
19.manufacture vt. (用机器)大量生产;成批制造
(C)拓展词汇—灵活用
1. impression n.印象;感想;印记→ impress v.给……留下深刻的好印
象→ impressive adj.给人印象深刻的
2. constant adj.时常发生的;连续不断的→ constantly adv.不断地
3. uncertain adj.不确切的;无把握的→ certain adj.确定的;有把握的→
certainty n.必然的事;肯定;无疑→ certainly adv.肯定;确定
4. guide n.指导;向导;导游 vt.指引;指导→ guidance n.指导
5. surrounding adj.周围的→ surroundings n.周围的事物;环境→
surround vt.围绕
6. tolerate vt.容忍;忍受→ tolerance n.容忍→ tolerant adj.容忍
的;宽容的
7. combination n.结合;组合→ combine v.联合;(使)结合;兼备;兼有
8. adjustment n.调整;调节→ adjust v.调整;适应→ adjustable
adj.可调整的;可调节的
9. press vi.& vt.按;压;逼迫 n.按;压;印刷;新闻→ pressure n.压力;挤
压;紧张
10. optimistic adj.乐观(主义)的→ optimism n.乐观;乐观主义
11. imitate vt.模仿;仿造→ imitation n.模仿
12. moveable adj.可移动的;活动的→ move v.移动;搬家;使感动→
movement n.活动;运动
13. typist n.打字员→ typewriter n.打字机→ type vt.打字
14. instant n.瞬间;片刻adj.立即的;立刻的→ instantly adv.马上
15. receiver n.接受者;接收器;电话听筒→ receive vt.收到
16. efficient adj.效率高的;有能力的→ efficiency n.效率;功效
17. dispose vt.布置;安排→ disposal n.清除;处理
18. ecology n.生态;生态学→ ecological adj.生态的
19. greedy adj.贪吃的;贪婪的;贪心的→ greed n.贪婪→ greedily
adv.贪婪地
20. recycle vt.回收利用;再利用→ recyclable adj.可回收利用的
21. representative n.代表;典型人物 adj.典型的;有代表性的→ represent
vt.代表
22. settlement n.定居;解决→ settle v.定居;解决→ settler n.移
民
23. motivation n.动机→ motivate v.成为……的动机;激励
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. take up 拿起;接受;开始;继续;占用
2. be back on one's feet (困境后)恢复;完全复原
3. lose sight of 看不见
4. sweep up 打扫;横扫
5. slide into (快捷而悄声地)移动;溜进……
6. speed up 加速
7. as a result 结果;因此
8. suffer from 患有(疾病等);因……受苦
9. be similar to 与……相似
10. (a)lack of 缺乏……
11.in no time 立即;马上
12.in all directions 向四面八方
13.provide sb.with sth. 给某人提供某物
14.remind sb.of... 使某人想起……;提醒某人……
15.under repair 在修理中
16.translate...into 把……翻译成
17.be greedy for... 对……是贪婪的
18.stare at 盯着;注视
Ⅲ.经典结构
1.当我们还放松地躺着做梦时,太空舱开始轻微地向一边晃动。
The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and
dreaming .
2.一开始新的环境让我难以忍受。
At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate .
3.空气似乎很稀薄,好像在混合的气体中几乎没有氧气被剩下。
The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxy-
gen left.
4.不久我就又恢复了,然后跟着他去领取了一辆由电脑驱动的气垫车。
Soon I was back on my feet again and following
him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer .
5.说完这个,他把一些食物摆在桌子上,并从地板下取出一张床来。
Having said this ,he spread some food on the table,and pro-
duced a bed from the floor.
6.感到筋疲力尽,我溜上床很快就睡着了。
Exhausted , I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
7.太空站里是31世纪一些最前沿发明的展览。
Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of
the 31st century.
8.噢,现在有一个系统,在这个系统里能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。
Well, now there's a system where the waste is disposed of us-
ing the principles of ecology.
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1.However,I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large mar-
ket because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.
分析:本句是一个主从复合句。when引导的是 时间状语 从句,其中what引
导的是 宾语 从句。because of...directions是原因状语,flying by in all direc-
tions是现在分词作定语,修饰carriages。
句意:可是,当我们到达看上去像是一个大市场的地方时,由于太多车朝四面八方
飞奔,我看不见王平了。
2.Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and saw the area again as it had
been in the year AD 2008.
分析:本句是一个主从复合句。as引导的是 方式状语 从句。
句意:就在那个时候我经历了一次“时间滞后”的闪回,这样我就再次看到了公
元2008年的那个地区了。
3.I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my home-
town!
分析:本句是一个主从复合句。realized后是that引导的 宾语 从句,其中
what引导的是 宾语 从句,作of的宾语。
句意:我意识到我被送到了未来,却仍然在自己的家乡!
4.The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an un-
clear message may be sent.
分析:本句是一个主从复合句。is后是省略that的 表语 从句。其中if引导
的是 条件状语 从句。
句意:唯一的限制是,如果使用者不能想清楚他/她要传递的信息,发送出去的信息
可能是模糊不清的。
Ⅴ.必备语法
过去分词作状语
1. Worried (worry)about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.
2. Hit (hit)by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.
3. Described (describe)as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to
imitate the pull of the earth's gravity.
4.I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed (absorb)by its
efficiency.
|impression n.印象;感想;印记
FIRST IMPRESSIONS(教材P17)
第一印象
情景导学
Ding Zhen has left/made a good impression on the whole country.
丁真给全国人民留下了一个好印象。
My father impressed the value of hard work on/upon me.
我父亲使我意识到努力工作的重要性。
The audience was impressed by/with his amazing performance.
观众们对他令人惊奇的表演印象深刻。
归纳拓展
①leave/make a(n)...impression on sb.
给某人留下……的印象
②impress v.使钦佩;给……留下深刻的好印象;使意识到;使铭记
impress sth. on/upon sb.
使某人意识到某事的重要性
be impressed by /with
对……印象深刻
③impressive adj.给人印象深刻的;令人赞叹的
单句语法填空
1-1 (2020浙江,阅读理解A, )A few characters are used to create a single
impression (impress) growing out of the theme.
解析 句意:一些角色被用来创造出主题之外的单一的印象。根据a single可知此
处应用名词,故填impression。
1-2 (2019江苏,阅读理解C, )Who cares if people think wrongly that the Inter-
net has had more important influences than the washing machine Why does it matter
that people are more impressed (impress) by the most recent changes
解析 句意:谁会在乎人们是否错误地认为互联网比洗衣机有着更重要的影响
呢 为什么人们对最新的变化印象更深很重要 be impressed by对……印象深
刻。故填impressed。
1-3 (2019江苏,书面表达, )Their Chinese peers in the typical Chinese dress
would be highly impressive (impress).
解析 句意:他们身穿典型中式服装的中国同龄人会令人印象十分深刻。此处应
用形容词impressive作表语,表示“给人深刻印象的”。
1-4 (2017浙江,阅读理解A, )Williams was impressed by/with Benjamin
and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.
解析 句意:Williams对Benjamin印象深刻并给了他两本经典的绘画书籍带回
家。be impressed by/with为固定搭配,意为“对……印象深刻”,故填by或with。
|take up 接受;拿起;开始;占据(时间、空间);继续
I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year.(教材P17)
我仍然无法相信我正在接受我去年获得的这个奖励。
情景导学
To our delight, Chang'e 5 succeeded in taking off from the surface of the moon and
returning to the earth.
让我们高兴的是,嫦娥五号成功地从月球表面起飞,回到了地球。
No other organisation was able or willing to take on the job.
没有别的组织有能力或愿意承担此项工作。
He will take over my job while I am on holiday.
我度假时,他会接替我的工作。
归纳拓展
①take out 拿出,取出
②take down 写下;记下
③take in 吸收;领会;欺骗
④take off 脱下;起飞;匆匆离开
⑤take on 承担;呈现;雇用
⑥take over 接管;控制;取而代之
单句语法填空
2-1 (2020江苏,阅读理解B, )In rural areas,where ambulances can take a rela
tively long time to arrive,the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role.
解析 句意:在农村地区,救护车需要较长时间才能到达,电话亭起到了救命的作
用。take on承担;呈现;雇用。
2-2 (2020天津5月,阅读理解B, )“I've taken up knitting (编织), ”
Parry said.“Hats, sweaters, gloves—I enjoy it all.”
解析 此处表示“开始编织东西”,take up意为“开始从事”,符合题意。故填
up。
2-3 (2018课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C改编, )Trade, industrialisation, especially
globalisation and better communications in the past few decades have caused many
languages to disappear, and powerful languages such as English, Spanish and Chi-
nese are increasingly taking over .
解析 句意:在过去的几十年里,贸易、工业化,尤其是全球化和通信的改善导致
很多语言消亡,而一些强势语言,如英语、西班牙语和汉语正逐渐取而代之。take
over意为“取代”。
2-4 (2018课标全国Ⅱ,完形填空, )I took off my T-shirt and dived into
the water.I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the mid-
dle.
解析 句意:我脱下T恤跳入水中。我看见船上有两个教练,中间还躺着一个人。
take off意为“脱下”。
|surroundings n.周围的事物;环境
At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.(教材P18)一开始新的环
境让我难以忍受。
情景导学
The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.四周的小城镇已并入这座城市。
He felt happy that he was surrounded by/with love and kindness in his family.他很高兴在家中备受关爱。
归纳拓展
①surround vt.包围;围绕
surround...with...用……包围/围绕……
be surrounded by/with...被……包围
② surrounding adj.周围的
单句语法填空
3-1 (2020全国Ⅲ,语法填空, )And when he saw the mists rising from the river
and the soft clouds surrounding (surround)the mountain tops, he was reduced
to tears.
解析 句意:当他看到雾从江上升起,柔和的云彩环绕着山顶时,他流下了眼泪。
本句使用了“see+宾语+宾补”结构,句中第二个and连接两个并列的“宾语+宾
补”结构,the soft clouds是第二个“宾语+宾补”结构中的宾语,设空处是宾补;
the soft clouds与surround为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词作宾补。故填sur-
rounding。
3-2 (2020浙江,读后续写, )The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp,
which was surrounded (surround)by a high wire fence.
解析 句意:饥饿的熊循着嗅觉来到我们的营地,营地四周围着一道高高的铁丝
网。which引导的是非限制性定语从句,其先行词是camp,camp和surround之间是
被动关系,故用被动语态,根据followed可知,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。主
语camp是单数意义,故填was surrounded。
3-3 (2019江苏,阅读理解D, )Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded
by/with his family.
解析 句意:Steve到了并坐在前排,被他的家人包围着。be surrounded by/with表
示“被……包围”,此处作状语,用surrounded by/with。故填by或with。
3-4 (2018天津,阅读理解D, )Why do the hikers take no notice of the sur-
roundings (surround) during the journey
解析 句意:为什么那些徒步旅行者在行程中不注意周围的环境呢 由空格前的
the可知此处应填名词。surroundings意为“环境;周围的事物”。
|tolerate vt.忍受,容忍,容许
At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.(教材P18)一开始新的环
境让我难以忍受。
情景导学
(China Daily, 2020年12月)Most life on Earth doesn't tolerate such highly salty con-
ditions.地球上的大部分生命都无法忍受这种高度含盐的条件。
If neighbors want to get along well with each other,they have to show their tolerance.
如果邻里之间想要彼此融洽相处,他们就必须展示他们的宽容。
She can't tolerate being treated that way.
她不能容忍被那样对待。
Luckily, my parents are tolerant of my choice of music.
幸运的是,我的父母对我选择听什么音乐持宽容态度。
归纳拓展
①tolerate (sb.) doing sth.容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
②tolerant adj.宽容的;容忍的
be tolerant of 容忍
③ tolerance n.宽容;宽恕;忍耐力
选词填空
(tolerate/tolerant/tolerance)
4-1 (2019天津,阅读理解D, )A tough man can tolerate suffering.
解析 句意:坚强的人受得了苦。情态动词后跟动词原形,所以用tolerate。
4-2 (2018北京,七选五, )People who have personality traits that connect with
competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry.
解析 句意:有着争强好胜和对烦心事忍受力低的人格特征的人更容易生气。句
中的and连接两个并列成分作with的宾语,low upset 应是名词短语,再
由句意可知,此处应用名词tolerance,意为“忍耐力”。
完成句子
4-3 (2018北京,阅读理解D, )他们容忍上下班时在拥挤的公路上长时间的、
缓慢的旅程。
They tolerate long , slow journeys to and from work on
packed highways.
|lack n.缺乏;短缺的东西 vi.& vt.缺乏;没有
Hit by a lack of fresh air,my head ached.(教材P18)
由于缺乏新鲜空气,我感到头痛。
情景导学
(China Daily,2020年5月)Chang'e 4 switches to the dormant mode during the lunar
night due to the lack of solar power.
月夜时,嫦娥四号因太阳能不足转换为休眠模式。
Many small plants in that country closed down for lack of fuel.
由于燃料不足,那个国家很多小工厂都关闭了。
She felt nervous, increasingly lacking in confidence in herself.
她感到紧张,对自己越来越没有信心。
归纳拓展
①lack (for)nothing 没有欠缺
②(a) lack of...缺少……
no lack of...不缺乏……
for lack of...因缺少……
③lacking adj.没有;缺乏
(be)lacking in 缺少
单句语法填空
5-1 (2020天津,阅读理解D, )Lack of talent and time is no reason for
taking no action.
解析 句意:缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由。lack of缺乏。
5-2 (2020江苏,完形填空, )Later,he worked in Africa,where many people suf-
fered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.
解析 句意:后来,他在非洲工作,在那里许多人因缺乏适当的治疗而失明。for
lack of...因缺乏……。
5-3 (2016北京,阅读理解D, )What is lacking (lack)today is the conflict
between adolescents' desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.
解析 句意:现在缺乏的是青少年对自主性的渴望和他们对不安全世界的理解之
间的冲突。此处表示“短缺的”,应用形容词lacking作第一个is的表语。故填lacking。
完成句子
5-4 (2020天津,阅读理解D改编, )我从来没见过缺少好奇心或不满足这两种
品质的杰出的人。
I have never known an outstanding man who lacked/lacks either of
the two qualities—curiosity and discontent.
|adjustment n.调整;调节;(行为、思想的)适应
Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping
appeared.(教材P18)就在我努力做出必要的调整以适应这个新情况的时候,王平
出现了。
情景导学
(China Daily,2020年8月)The education authorities said schools could adjust their
schooling arrangements or stop classes to the changes in weather.
教育部门说学校可以根据天气变化调整上学放学时间或停课。
It's extremely hard for me to adjust to a new environment in such a short time.在这么
短的时间内,我很难适应新的环境。
I've made a few adjustments to the design.
我已对设计做了几处调整。
When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust to living on his own.
当孩子出国留学时,他必须学会适应独立生活。
归纳拓展
①make an adjustment 做出调整
②adjust vi.& vt.调整;适应;整理
adjust... to ...调整……以适应……
adjust to sth./doing sth.适应(做)某事
adjust oneself to sth.使自己适应于某事
单句语法填空
6-1 (2019江苏,任务型阅读, ) Adjusting (adjust)to an upright position
was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull.
解析 句意:适应直立行走的姿势是一个相当大的挑战,尤其是当骨头必须支撑
一个超大的脑袋时。分析句子结构可知,was是系动词,设空处在此处作主句的主
语,由语境可知此处应用动名词,故填Adjusting。
6-2 (2019课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D, )It clearly showed that while likability can
lead to healthy adjustment(s) (adjust), high status has just the opposite effect
on us.
解析 句意:这清楚地表明,讨人喜欢可以引起明智的调整,而高地位对我们的影
响恰恰相反。to是介词,healthy是形容词,故此处应用名词,adjustment既可数也不
可数,其前没有冠词,故填adjustment(s)。
6-3 (2018江苏,阅读理解D, )They should either monitor their websites better
so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to
the needs of younger users.
解析 句意:他们应该要么更好地监管自己的网站,使孩子们不能太早注册,要么
调整自己的网站以适应更年轻的用户的需要。adjust...to...调整……以适应…
…。
完成句子
6-4 (2016江苏,任务型阅读, )准确地说,其他人可以提高我们的智力,帮助我
们理解和调整我们的情绪。
To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and
adjust our emotions .
|lose sight of...看不见……
However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large
market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.(教材P18)
可是,当我们到达看上去像是一个大市场的地方时,由于有太多车朝四面八方飞
奔,我看不见王平了。
情景导学
(Global Times,2020年10月)The virus has claimed more than 224,000 American
lives, with no end in sight.
这种病毒已经夺去了22.4万多美国人的生命,而且看不到尽头。
I looked out of the window and caught sight of a train passing by very quickly.
我从窗户向外看去,看见了一列急驰而过的火车。
The mountain town came into sight as we turned the last corner.
我们拐过最后一个弯,山城就映入了我们的眼帘。
归纳拓展
①catch sight of... 望见/看到……
②come into sight 出现在眼前,进入视野
③at the sight of...在看到……时
④ in /within sight 在视线内,可以被看见
⑤out of sight 看不见了
⑥lose one's sight 失明
根据汉语提示完成句子
7-1 (2020江苏,完形填空, )He lost his sight (失明)but
found a vision.
7-2 (2020浙江1月,读后续写, )His parents nodded,and they watched as he
walked out of sight (看不见了)into the crowds of hundreds of
students and parents.
7-3 (2020浙江1月,读后续写, )Poppy jumped with joy at the
sight of (一看到)the little dog.
7-4 (2018江苏,完形填空, )Failing to find any other way out, they decided to
make a walking journey, as they caught sight of (看到)an old
hikers'(徒步旅行者) guide.
|speed up 加速
When we wanted the hovering carriage to speed up, we pressed down hard on
the driving pedal and bent over in the direction we wanted to go.(教材P20)当我们想
让气垫车加速时,我们就用力踏驱动踏板,并且向想去的方向俯身。
情景导学
(Global Times,2020年11月)China aims to speed up the development of modern in-
dustrial systems and push for economic advances.
中国力求加快发展现代工业体系,努力实现经济发展。
He drove at a speed of sixty miles per hour.
他以每小时60英里的速度开车。
归纳拓展
①speed n.速度 v.快速前行;加速
②with all speed以全速,开足马力
③at high/low speed以高速/低速
④ at a speed of ...以……速度
⑤pick up speed加速
单句语法填空
8-1 (2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D, )They will speed up energy production.
解析 句意:他们将加速能源生产。speed up加速。故填up。
8-2 (2020江苏,34, )The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, allowing for
a new generation of virtual reality.
解析 句意:考虑到新一代的虚拟现实(的应用),6G的(传输)速度将会超过每秒12
5GB。the speed of...……的速度。
8-3 (2019天津,完形填空, )My wallet was gone.I could only have left it on the
G9 bus, which was now speeding (speed)in the dark to some unknown sta-
tion.
解析 句意:我的钱包不见了。我只可能是把它落在G9路公交车上了,而G9路公
交车目前正在黑暗中向某个我不知道的车站快速驶去。根据空前的was和now可
知需用过去进行时。
8-4 (2018浙江,阅读理解C, )For most of the last century, the car represented
what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new
worlds.
解析 句意:在上个世纪的大部分时间里,汽车代表了美国的实质——高速向前
去发现新的世界。at high speed以高速。故填at。
|settlement n.定居;定居点;解决;协议
However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in
space settlements.(教材P22)然而,这些公司必须培训他们的代表在太空定居点中
生活和工作。
情景导学
Earlier this year, under the help of the lawyer, the two sides came to a settlement.
今年早些时候,在这个律师的帮助下,双方达成了和解。
She settled in happily with a foster family.
她在一个收养她的家庭里愉快地安顿了下来。
Addicted to electronic devices, many students can't settle down to their study.
沉溺于电子设备,很多学生无法静下心来学习。
归纳拓展
①come to/reach a settlement 达成协议;和解
②settle v.解决;定居;确定;安静下来
settle in (迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来
settle down to sth.定下心来做某事
settle down 平静下来;舒适地坐下(或躺下);定居下来
③settler n.移民;殖民者
单句语法填空
9-1 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,语法填空, )At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's
Viking settlement (settle)is recreated, and people experience the sights,
sounds and smells of the old town.
解析 句意:在约克的约维克维京中心,这座城市的维京人聚居地被重建,人们体
验着这个古老城镇的景色、声音和气味。分析可知,此处作主语,表示“定居
点”,应用名词settlement。由语境可知此处表示单数意义,应用单数名词。
9-2 (2019课标全国Ⅰ,语法填空, )In recent years some Inuit people in
Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements
(settle), leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
解析 句意:最近几年,努勒维特的一些因纽特人报告说看到北极熊在人类定居
点周围出现的次数多了,导致出现一种想法:北极熊的数量在增加。设空处作介
词around的宾语,应用名词;settlement意为“定居点”,由语境可知此处为复数意
义,故填settlements。
9-3 (2018课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )Soon afterwards, many of those people
started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became
more settled and fewer in number.
解析 句意: 后来不久,那些人中有很多开始定居下来,成了农民。他们的语言也
变得更稳定、数量更少了。settle down意为“定居下来”,符合语境,故填down。
9-4 (2018课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解B, )What attracted the early settlers
(settle) to New York City
解析 句意:什么吸引了早期的移民到纽约市 settler意为“移民”,由语境可知
此处应用名词复数形式settlers。
|as though好像
The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.(教
材P18)空气似乎很稀薄,好像在混合的气体中没剩下多少氧气。
情景导学
She treats the orphan as though/if he were her own son.
她对待那个孤儿好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。
It sounds as though/if you had a good time.
听起来你好像过得挺愉快。
归纳拓展
①as though/if可以引导方式状语从句,也可以用在be、look、seem、sound、
taste、smell、feel等系动词后面,引导 表语 从句。
②当as though/if引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生时,从句用陈述
语气;当as though/if引导的从句表示的情况是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在
时,从句用 虚拟 语气。
从句用一般过去时表示与现在的事实相反;
从句用过去完成时表示与过去的事实相反;
从句用would/could/might do形式表示与将来的事实相反。
③even if/even though意为“即使;纵然”, 引导让步状语从句。
单句语法填空
1-1 (2020天津,阅读表达, )I didn't feel as though/if I needed to keep up
with anybody else.
解析 句意:我觉得似乎我不需要跟上任何其他人。as though/if似乎,好像。
1-2 (2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解D, )I always read, using different voices, as though
I were (be)acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!
解析 句意:我总是用不同的声音阅读,好像我在用我的声音表演这些故事一样,
并且他们很喜欢!as though在此处引导方式状语从句,根据句意可知,从句应用虚
拟语气,且根据always可知此处与现在的事实相反,故用一般过去时,虚拟语气中
be动词用were,故填were。
1-3 (2019天津3月,15, )Mary's description of the party was so vivid that I felt
as if I had been (be)there.
解析 句意:玛丽对聚会的描述如此生动,以至于我感觉好像我在那里一样。as if
在此处引导表语从句,根据语境可知该从句应用虚拟语气;根据was 和felt可知从
句表示对过去情况的虚拟,因此用过去完成时。
1-4 (2017课标全国Ⅰ,语法填空, )When fat and salt are removed from food,
the food tastes as though/if it is missing something.
解析 句意:当脂肪和盐分从食物中去除时,食物尝起来好像缺少了什么。as
though/if似乎,好像。
1-5 (2016江苏,任务型阅读, )More generally, the Internet functions as if it
were (be)my memory.
解析 句意:更一般地说,互联网的功能就好像它是我的记忆。as though在此处
引导方式状语从句,根据句意可知从句不是真实的情况,应用虚拟语气,且与现在
的事实相反,虚拟语气中be动词用were,故填were。
|That is why...那就是为什么……
That is why we persuade families not to lose sight of the advantages that come from a
period of time in space.(教材P20)
那就是为什么我们劝说家庭不要忽视在太空待一段时间带来的好处。
情景导学
The reason is that she must stay at home to look after her sick mother.
原因是她必须待在家照顾生病的妈妈。
From space, the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy-one percent of its sur-
face is covered by water.
从太空看, 地球是蓝色的,这是因为它表面约百分之七十一被水覆盖。
归纳拓展
①This/That is why...这/那就是为什么……(强调结果)
②This is because ...这是因为……(强调原因)
③The reason is that...原因是……(that引导表语从句,但它在句中没有意义
且不可用because代替)
单句语法填空
2-1 (2019浙江,完形填空, )Usually, the stranger the idea is, the more it gets no
ticed.And that's precisely why one garbage-eating Frenchman has cau-ght our
attention.
解析 句意:通常想法越怪越能得到关注。那正是为什么一个吃垃圾的法国人吸
引了我们的注意力。that's why...意为“那就是为什么……”。故填why。
2-2 (2016江苏,阅读理解B, )A third reason is that social intelligence
develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills.
解析 句意:第三个原因是,儿童的社交智力在一般认知技能之前就得到了发
展。设空处引导表语从句,从句句意完整,不缺少任何成分,故用that。
完成句子
2-3 (2020全国Ⅱ,语法填空, )这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰有着
特殊的意义。
This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries
special significance.
过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语,表示被动或完成,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致,句子主语与过去
分词所表示的动作之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。过去分词作状语时一般与其他
成分用逗号隔开,可以作时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、让步状语等。
一、过去分词作状语的用法
1.作时间状语
过去分词作时间状语时,相当于一个when、while、after、once等引导的时间状语
从句。
① Asked (ask) what had happened(=When he was asked what had hap-
pened),he lowered his head.
当被问到发生了什么事情的时候,他低下了头。
2.作原因状语
过去分词作原因状语时,相当于一个as、since、because等引导的原因状语从句。
② Absorbed (absorb) in reading(=As he was absorbed in reading), Tom didn't
notice that it was dark.
由于在全神贯注地读书,汤姆没有察觉到天黑了。
3.作条件状语
过去分词作条件状语时,相当于一个if、unless等引导的条件状语从句。
③ Given (give) more attention(=If it had been given more attention),the acci-
dent could have been avoided.
要是多加注意,那次事故本可以避免。
4.作让步状语
过去分词作让步状语时,相当于一个though、although、even if/though等引导的让
步状语从句。
④ Warned (warn) of the storm(=Though they had been warned of the storm),
the farmers were still working in the fields.
虽然农民们已经被告诫有暴风雨,但他们仍然在地里干活。
5.作方式或伴随状语
过去分词作方式或伴随状语时,可以转换成一个并列复合句。
⑤The female scientist entered the lab, followed (follow) by her assistants.(=
The female scientist entered the lab and she was followed by her assistants.)
这位女科学家进入了实验室,后面跟着她的助手们。
二、过去分词作状语的注意事项
1.过去分词作状语时,有时为了强调,前面可带有连词,如when、while、if、
though、as if、unless、until等,以使句意表达得更清楚。
⑥ When asked why she came here, the girl kept silent.
当有人问那个女孩为何来这儿时,她沉默不语。
2.过去分词作状语时,其逻辑主语常与句子的主语一致,否则需要加上自己的逻辑
主语,构成独立主格结构。
⑦ Given a chance , we can surprise the world.
若给我们一个机会,我们会震惊全世界。(逻辑主语与句子主语一致)
⑧Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention
fixed upon it.
吉姆专心致志地听着讲座,他所有的注意力都集中在这上面。(逻辑主语与句子
主语不一致)
温馨提示
(1)有些过去分词已形容词化,作状语时表示人的状态。
常见的有satisfied、surprised、interested、moved、worried、pleased、disappoint-
ed等。
⑨Disappointed at the examination results, the girl stood there without saying a word.
因为对考试结果很失望,女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。
(2)有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构,作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语
的状态。
⑩Lost in thought, he didn't hear the bell.
由于陷入沉思之中,他没有听到铃声。
三、过去分词和现在分词作状语时的区别
1.过去分词和现在分词作状语时的区别
过去分词 逻辑主语与分词动作之间是被动关系,该动作表
示完成或被动,没有一定的时间性。
现在分词 逻辑主语与分词动作之间是主动关系,该动作往
往与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时
发生。
Seen (see) from the top floor, the garden looks more beautiful.
从顶层看去,花园看起来更漂亮了。
Seeing (see) from the top floor,we can find the garden more beautiful.
从顶层看,我们能发现花园更漂亮了。
2.过去分词与现在分词的完成式的被动形式(having been done)作状语时,都具有
被动意义,有时可以互换,但是后者更强调分词动作先于句子的谓语动作发生。
Having been well tended for half a year, the patient became far better.
被精心照料半年后,这位病人变得好多了。(强调时间先后)
单句语法填空
1.(2020江苏,阅读理解B, ) Adapted (adapt)in imaginative ways,many
have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes.
解析 句意:许多电话亭以富有想象力的方式被调整后,重新出现在城市街道和
有小咖啡馆的乡村绿地上。分析可知,此处是非谓语动词,many和adapt之间是被
动关系,故用过去分词。
2.(2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解B, ) Published (publish)in 1964, it's his classic
memoir of 1920s Paris.
解析 句意:这本书出版于1964年,是他对20世纪20年代的巴黎的经典回忆录。it
和publish之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。
3.(2020天津,阅读理解A, )The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded
(load)with information in many formats(载体形式).
解析 句意:图书馆现在是一个多媒体区,承载有许多种形式的信息。分析可知，此处是非谓语动词,library和load之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。
4.(2020全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C, )It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live
with their parents, compared (compare)with 16% in 1991.
解析 句意:据说,相比于1991年的16%,大约20%的25—34岁的人和父母住在一
起。分析可知,此处是非谓语动词,be compared with“和……相比”,是固定搭
配。
5.(2020江苏,31, )Technological innovations, combined (combine)with
good marketing,will promote the sales of these products.
解析 句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售。句子
的主语是Technological innovations,谓语是will promote,故空格处是非谓语动词。
根据combine technological innovations with good marketing可知主语和combine是
被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。
6.(2019天津,阅读理解D, ) Driven (drive)by heaven-knows-what mo-
tives, he determines to write a book.
解析 空后有by,drive与其逻辑主语he之间是被动关系,用过去分词作状语。
7.(2019北京,阅读理解C, ) Armed (arm) with this knowledge, they're
able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.
解析 be armed with是固定短语,意为“用……武装”,故填过去分词Armed,构成
过去分词短语作状语。
8.(2019江苏,任务型阅读, )The first unique human characteristic is that hu-
mans have extraordinarily large brains compared (compare)with other ani-
mals.
解析 be compared with是固定短语,意为“和……相比”,故填过去分词com-
pared,构成过去分词短语作状语。
9.(2019天津,阅读表达, ) Touched (touch) by their enthusiastic expres-
sion of affection, Mabry thanked them all.
解析 空后有by, touch意为“感动”,touch与其逻辑主语Mabry之间为逻辑上的
被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。
10.(2019天津,阅读理解A, )However, technology is also the application of sci-
entific knowledge to solve a problem, touching (touch) lives in countless
ways.
解析 此处touch是及物动词,意为“触及,影响”,句中已有谓语动词is,故此处用
非谓语动词,touch与其逻辑主语technology之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作状
语。
11.(2018课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B, )When combined (combine)with
berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cool-
ing fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”.
解析 句意:当与浆果或其他水果片结合时,冷冻的香蕉是制作浓浓的、凉凉的
水果奶昔和低脂“冰激凌”的绝佳材料。此处含有短语be combined with,意为
“与……结合在一起”。空格处用过去分词,与连词When一起构成状语。
12.(2018课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解C, )Data shows that kids and teens who do read
frequently, compared (compare)to infrequent readers, have more books in the
home, more books purchased for them.
解析 句意:数据显示,经常读书的孩子和青少年与不常读书的相比,家里的书更
多,为他们购买的书也更多。compared to意为“和……相比”,是固定短语,在句
中作状语。
13.(2018课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解D, )Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd,
determined (determine)to test my own theory on this.
解析 句意:昨天,我和儿子Shepherd,坐在一起,决心检验我自己关于这个的理
论。be determined to do sth.下定决心做某事。故此处应用过去分词。
14.(2016北京,28, ) Ordered (order)over a week ago, the books are ex-
pected to arrive any time now.
解析 order与其逻辑主语the books之间为被动关系,故用过去分词。
15.( )If accepted (accept)for the job, you'll be informed soon.
解析 句意:如果你被录用来做这份工作,你将很快得到通知。you与accept构成
被动关系,用过去分词accepted。
16.( ) Having worked (work)for two days, Steve managed to finish his
report on schedule.
解析 句意:工作了两天后,史蒂夫成功地按时完成了他的报告。句中的主语为
Steve,与work之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词,work这个动作在managed
表示的动作之前发生,故用现在分词的完成式。
17.( )Much time spent (spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are gen-
erally troubled by health problems.
解析 句意:上班族坐在办公桌前太久,一般会受到健康问题的困扰。由句子结
构可知,spend的逻辑主语time与句子主语office workers不一致,所以是独立主格
结构,作原因状语,time与spend是逻辑上的被动关系,故填spent。
18.( )Clearly and thoughtfully written (write), the book inspires confi-
dence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
解析 句意:由于表达清楚,思想有深度,这本书激励了那些希望寻求他们自己答
案的学生的自信心。主语the book与write是逻辑上的被动关系,需用过去分词作
状语,故填written。
19.( )Children , when accompanied (accompany)by their parents, are al-
lowed to enter the stadium.
解析 句意:当有父母陪伴的时候,孩子们是被允许进入体育馆的。句中的主语
为Children,与accompany之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。(共62张PPT)
Ⅰ.核心单词
(A)写作词汇—写词形
1. involve vt.牵涉;涉及;包括;使参与(卷入)……
2. submit vt.递交,呈递(文件等)
3. concentrate vi.& vt.集中;聚集
4. update vt.更新;使现代化
5. acquire vt.获得;取得,学到
6. assess vt.评估;评定
7. inform vt.告知;通知
8. case n.情况;病例;案例
9. accuse vt.指责;谴责;控告
10. deny vt.否认;拒绝
11. publish vt.出版;发行;发表;公布
12. thorough adj.彻底的;详尽的
13. crime n.罪行,犯罪
14. department n.部门;部;处;系
15. accurate adj.精确的;正确的
16. senior adj.年长的;高年级的;高级的
17. chief adj.主要的;首席的 n.首领;长官
18. process vt.加工;处理 n.过程;程序;步骤
19. negative n.底片;否定 adj.否定的;消极的
(B)阅读词汇—明词义
1.journalist n. 记者;新闻工作者
2.assignment n. 任务;分配
3.colleague n. 同事
4.amateur n. 业余爱好者
5.deadline n. 最后期限
6.meanwhile adv. 其间;同时
7.accusation n. 指责;谴责;控告
8.sceptical/skeptical adj. 怀疑的
9.dilemma n. (进退两难的)困境;窘境
10.scoop n. 抢先获得的新闻、利润等;勺子;铲子
11.section n. 部分;节
12.concise adj. 简明的;简练的
13.idiomatic adj. 惯用的;合乎语言习惯的
14.housewife n. 家庭主妇
15.polish vt. 擦亮;磨光;润色
(C)拓展词汇—灵活用
1. editor n.编辑→ edition n.版(本);版次→ edit v.编辑
2. photograph n.照片 vt.给……照相→ photographer n.摄影师→
photography n.摄影→ photo n.照片;相片
3. unforgettable adj.难忘的;永远记得的→ forget v.忘记
4. delighted adj.快乐的;欣喜的→ delightful adj.令人快乐的;宜人的
→ delight n.快乐;乐事
5. admirable adj.值得赞扬的;令人钦佩的→ admiration n.钦佩;羡慕
→ admire v.钦佩;羡慕
6. unusual adj.不同寻常的;独特的→ usual adj.通常的→ usually
adv.经常
7. assist vt.帮助;协助;援助→ assistant n.助手;助理;售货员→ as-
sistance n.帮助;援助;协助
8. profession n.职业;专业→ professional adj.专业的;职业的 n.专业
人员→ professionally adv.熟练地;在职业上
9. eager adj.渴望的;热切的→ eagerly adv.渴望地;热切地→ ea-
gerness n.渴望;热切
10. interviewee n.参加面试者;接受采访者→ interviewer n.主持面试
者; 采访者→ interview v.对……进行面试;接受面试;采访
11. deliberately adv.故意地→ deliberate adj.故意的
12. guilty adj.犯罪的;有罪的;内疚的→ guilt n.内疚;犯罪;罪行
13. demand n.需求;要求 vt.强烈要求→ demanding adj.要求高的;费
力的
14. imaginative adj.富于想象力的→ imagination n.想象→ imag-
ine v.想象
15. technical adj.技术(上)的;技巧方面的→ technically adv.技术上;
工艺上→ technique n.技术;工艺→ technology n.科技
16. gifted adj.有天赋的→ gift n.天赋;礼物
17. approve vt.赞成;认可;批准→ approval n.赞成;认可;批准
18. appointment n.约会;任命→ appoint vt.任命;委任;安排
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. have a good nose for 对……有很好的嗅觉
2. inform sb. of... 告知某人……
3. accuse...of... 因……而指责或控告……
4. by accident/chance 偶然地
5. defend...against/from... 为……辩护以免受……
6. allow/permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
7. refer...to... 把……送交给……
8. pass...on to... 把……传给……
9. be happy/pleased/satisfied with 对……满意
10. wait for sb. to do sth. 等待某人做某事
11. sort out 整理;把……安排好
12.(be) eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
13.concentrate on 集中,全神贯注于
14.keep...in mind 将……记在心中
15.depend on 依靠;依赖
16.so as to (do sth.) 为了(做某事)
17.be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
18.stop sb.(from) doing... 阻止某人做……
19.get/be absorbed in 专注于
20.ahead of 在……前面
21.set to 起劲地干起来
Ⅲ.经典结构
1.他同他的新老板胡欣的讨论会对他(以后)的记者生涯产生很大的影响。
His discussion with his new boss,Hu Xin(HX),was to strongly in-
fluence his life as a journalist.
2.你们有没有遇见过别人控告你的记者,说他(她)们的报道完全失实的情况 (定
语从句)
Have you ever had a case where someone accused your jour-
nalists of getting the wrong end of the stick
3.事情是这样的。(用how引导表语从句,表示事情发生的方式)
This is how the story goes .
4.我们没走多远忽然我们的编辑大声呼喊:“一定要在最后期限之前完成任
务。”
We had not gone far when our editor called.
“Be sure to finish your task before the deadline.”
5.尽管周阳意识到那个人一直在说谎话,但他明白,他绝对不能直接指责那个人。
Although he realized the man had been lying , Zhou Yang
knew he must not accuse him directly.
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1.When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer's body language that
he was not telling the truth.
分析:这是一个主从复合句。When引导 时间状语 从句,其中的together是
宾语补足语 ;we guessed...the truth是主句,其中from the footballer's body lan-
guage是介词短语作状语, that he was not telling the truth作guessed的宾语。
句意:当我们看到他们在一起的时候,我们从这名足球运动员的身势语猜测他没
有说实话。
2.At first Wang Li was sceptical, but when our editor rang to inform her that she
would have her photographs before they were published, she was satisfied.
分析:这是一个并列复合句。并列连词but连接两个并列分句;在but后的分句中,
she was satisfied是主句,when引导 时间状语 从句,其中包含由that引导的
宾语 从句,其中before引导 时间状语 从句。
句意:开始王丽很怀疑,但是当我们的编辑打电话告诉她在出版之前她可以拿到
她的照片的时候,她很满意。
3.Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy
to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style.
分析:这是一个主从复合句。as在此处意为“因为”,引导 原因状语 从句。
employed by the newspaper是 过去分词短语 作speaker的后置定语,to polish
the style是不定式短语作 目的状语 。
句意:然后因为这篇文章要用英文来写,所以周阳也拿了一份副本给这家报社的
一位母语为英语的雇员去为文体润色。
4.Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined
they made a coloured page for the newspaper.
分析:这是一个并列复合句,and连接两个并列分句;and后面的分句包含一个由
when引导的 时间状语 从句。
句意:每一种主要颜色都有一张底片,然后当它们结合在一起的时候就会形成报
纸里的彩色页面。
Ⅴ.必备语法
倒装句
1.周阳永远也不会忘记他在出版畅销英文报纸的办公室的第一项工作任务。
Never will Zhou Yang(ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a
popular English newspaper.
2.对摄影我不只是感兴趣,大学里我还攻读过一个业余摄影课来更新我的技术。
Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an
amateur course at university to update my skills.
3.只有你提出许多不同的问题,你才能获得你需要知道的所有信息。
Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the in-
formation you need to know.
4.下面是我的行为准则清单:不要延误任务规定的期限,不可对人粗鲁,不要自己
说得太多,但务必认真倾听被采访者说话。
Here comes my list of dos and don'ts:don't miss your deadline, don't be
rude, don't talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.
|eager adj.渴望的;热切的
You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you,so you may be able to con-
centrate on photography later if you're interested.(教材P26 )你将发现你的同事们会
很热情地去帮助你。因此如果你对摄影感兴趣,也许以后你可以全神贯注地去研
究它。
情景导学
Zhang Yuning, who missed Beijing FC's opening win over Chiangrai United, said he
was eager to score in the AFC Champions League.错过北京国安首场战胜清莱联的比赛的张玉宁表示他渴望在亚足联冠军联赛中进球得分。
He is eager for success in the coming exam.
他渴望在即将到来的考试中取得成功。
归纳拓展
①(be) eager for sth.渴望获得某物
(be) eager to do sth.渴望做某事
②eager的比较级是more eager,最高级是most eager
③eagerness n.渴望;热心
④eagerly adv.急切地;渴望地
单句语法填空
1-1 (2020北京,阅读理解D, )That is something that some AI developers are
now eager to change (change).
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:那就是有些人工智能开发者现在渴望改变的东西。
be eager to do sth.意为“渴望做某事”。
1-2 (2018天津,阅读理解D改编, )Children are more eager (eager) to
explore the world around them than adults.
解析 考查形容词比较级。句意:孩子比成年人更渴望探索他们周围的世界。根
据句中的than可知需用比较级,故填more eager。
1-3 (2018课标全国Ⅲ,短文改错, )Some of us were confident and eager to
take (take) part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:我们中的一些人很自信,也很渴望参加课堂活动;其
他人则很紧张,很焦虑。be eager to do sth.意为“渴望做某事”。
1-4 (2016浙江,阅读理解D, )Each week I eagerly (eager) counted my
growing savings...
解析 考查副词。句意:每个星期,我都急切地计算着我越来越多的积蓄……。
此处需用副词eagerly修饰谓语动词counted。
|assist vt.帮助;协助;援助
You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you,so you may be able to con-
centrate on photography later if you're interested.(教材P26)你将发现你的同事们会
很热情地去帮助你。因此如果你对摄影感兴趣,也许以后你可以全神贯注地去研
究它。
情景导学
(Xinhua News Agency, 2020年11月)By Oct.20,2020 China had exported 543 million
testing kits to assist the international community in fighting COVID-19.到2020年10
月20日,中国已经出口了543,000,000台测试仪来帮助国际社会抗击新冠肺炎。
He can walk only with the assistance of crutches.
他只能靠一副拐杖走路。
We are looking for people who are willing to assist us with/in the work.我们正在寻
找愿意帮助我们做这项工作的人。
归纳拓展
①assist sb. in doing/to do sth.协助某人做某事
assist sb. with /in sth.帮助某人某事
②assistant n.助手,助理,售货员
③assistance n.帮助;援助
with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
come to one's assistance 来帮某人
单句语法填空
2-1 (2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解A, )Many stations have wheelchair access from the
car park or entrance to the station platforms.For assistance (assist), please call
Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.
解析 考查名词。句意:很多车站的停车场或入口到站台之间都有轮椅通道。如
需帮助,请拨打昆士兰铁路13 16 17。空前是介词For,所以空处需用名词,依句意
判断应用assistance,表示“协助,帮助”。
2-2 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,读后续写, )“So do I,” said Harry.“We really
should do something to assist (assist) them.”
解析 考查非谓语动词。由语境可知,此处应用不定式表示目的,故填to assist。
2-3 (2019江苏,23, )The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in
case they need medical assistance (assist).
解析 考查名词。句意:这位医生和病人分享了他的电话号码以防他们需要医疗
帮助。形容词medical在句中作定语用来修饰名词。故填assistance。
2-4 (2018课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解B改编, )Matt Tebbutt assists Susanna in
cooking matters.
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:Matt Tebbutt帮助Susanna料理做饭的事。assist sb.
in (doing) sth.意为“帮助某人(做)某事”。
2-5 (2016课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B, )His presence meant that I had an unex-
pected teaching assistant (assist)in class whose creativity would infect(感染)
other students.
解析 考查名词。句意:他的出现意味着我在课堂上有一个意想不到的助教,他
的创造力会感染其他学生。此处指“助手”,需用名词assistant。
|concentrate vt.& vi.集中;聚集
You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to con-
centrate on photography later if you're interested.(教材P26)你将发现你的同事们会
很热情地去帮助你。因此如果你对摄影感兴趣,也许以后你可以全神贯注地去研
究它。
情景导学
(China Daily, 2020年10月)Smartphone makers are concentrating on the research of
foldable screens that could be used for tablets or pocket-sized phones.智能手机制造
商在集中精力研究可折叠屏幕,这种屏幕既可以用于平板电脑,又可以用于袖珍
的手机。
There is a need to concentrate our efforts on finding ways to work more efficiently.
我们有必要集中努力寻找更有效率的工作方法。
归纳拓展
①concentrate on (doing)sth.集中注意力于(做)某事,全神贯注于(做)某事
concentrate one's attention/energy/ effort(s) on (doing) sth.集中某人的注意
力/精力/努力于(做)某事
②concentration n.专心,集中,浓度,含量
③focus on 集中注意力于;focus...on...集中……于……
单句语法填空
3-1 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,七选五, )Too often, when you stand up to give a
speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.”
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:很多时候,当你站起来进行演讲的时候,你以“讲”
为代价去专注于“公众”。focus on 与concentrate on 是近义短语,意为“专注
于”。
3-2 (2019北京,阅读理解D, )Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depend-
ing on the type and concentration (concentrate) of phytoplankton (浮游生物).
解析 考查词性转换。句意:海洋的颜色从绿到蓝变化,这种变化取决于浮游生
物的种类和浓度。concentration是名词,在此处意为“浓度,含量”。
3-3 (2017课标全国Ⅲ,语法填空, )She has turned down several invitations to
star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:她拒绝了好几个在演出中担任主演的邀请,就为了
集中精力学习。concentrate on意为“集中精力于”。
3-4 ( )Previous generations concentrated on getting (get) children to
school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:前几代人专注于让孩子按时上学、吃饱、穿暖、
为学习做好准备。concentrate on doing sth.集中精力/专注于做某事。
|inform vt.通知;告知
They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.
(教材P26)
他们必须通过调查研究来使自己了解新闻中被遗漏的部分。
情景导学
This Science Museum can inform you of/about the detailed procedure for cloning the
sheep.
这个科学博物馆可以告诉你克隆羊的详细步骤。
Thank you for keeping me informed of everything that's happening.
谢谢你随时告知我正在发生的一切。
Tony informed me that he was thinking of entering a medical college.
托尼告诉我他正在考虑进入医学院。
归纳拓展
①inform sb. of/about sth.告知某人某事
inform sb. that ...告知某人……
②informed adj.了解情况的,有见识的
keep sb. informed of...使某人了解……
③information n.信息;消息
单句语法填空
4-1 (2020浙江,阅读理解A, )More information (inform) about the
playwrights will be found at the end of this book.
解析 考查词性转换。句意:关于剧作家的更多信息在本书末尾可见。设空处在
句中作主语,表示“信息”,应用名词information;information是不可数名词,故填
information。
4-2 ( )This type of news has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the
reader may be informed (inform)and prepared.
解析 考查词性转换。句意:这种新闻有一种“警示价值”。读者阅读它以便了
解情况,做好准备。informed在这里是形容词,意为“了解情况的”,作be的表语。
4-3 ( )The surveys inform us of/about the parents' over-protection of
their college children.
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:这些调查告诉我们关于父母对他们已经上了大学的
孩子的过度保护。inform sb. of/about sth.通知某人某事。故填of/about。
单句改错
4-4 (2018天津,阅读理解A, )If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is
no fire or smoke, informing your hall staff.
informing→inform
解析 考查祈使句。句意:如果烟雾探测器在没有火或烟雾的情况下触发警报,
通知您的大厅工作人员。句中If引导条件状语从句,逗号后面为主句,此处需用祈
使句,故直接使用inform。
|depend on依靠;依赖;取决于
Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person
says.(教材P26)
同时,你必须根据被采访人所说的话准备下一个问题。
情景导学
I don't know if we can help—it all depends.
我不知道我们能不能帮上忙,一切得看情况。
You can depend on him to help you with your English.
=You can depend on it that he helps you with your English.
你可以依靠他帮你学习英语。
归纳拓展
①depend/rely/count on sb./sth.依靠某人/某物
depend on sb. to do sth.依靠某人做某事
depend/rely on it that...相信……,指望……
that depends/ it (all) depends视情况而定
②dependence n.依靠
③dependent adj.依靠的
④independent adj.独立的,自立的
单句语法填空
5-1 (2020浙江,语法填空, )Over thousands of years,they began to depend less
on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild.
解析 考查介词。句意:经过数千年,他们开始不那么依赖从野外猎获或采集到
的东西。depend on是固定搭配,意为“依靠,依赖,取决于”。
5-2 (2020江苏,阅读理解C, )Multiple genes behaved differently, depending
(depend) on whether someone had eaten or not before walking.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:多种基因根据人在散步之前是否吃过饭而表现不
同。句子中已有behaved作谓语,所以此处使用非谓语形式;depending on...是现在
分词短语作状语。
5-3 (2019北京,七选五, )In baseball, the performance of individual players is
less dependent (depend)on teammates.
解析 考查形容词。句意:在棒球运动中,单个球员的表现对队友的依赖性较
小。由句意和句子结构可知此处应用形容词作系动词is的表语,dependent意为
“依靠的”。
5-4 (2016四川,语法填空, )It was time for her to have a new baby, and it was
also time for the young panda to be independent (depend).
解析 考查形容词。句意:是它生另一个孩子的时候了,也是小熊猫独立的时候
了。分析句子可知此处表示“独立的”,在系动词be后作表语,故填independent。
|case n.情况;案例;病例
Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the
wrong end of the stick (教材P26)
你们曾经有没有遇到过这样的情况:别人控告你的记者,说他(她)们的报道完全失
实
情景导学
This app is designed to use Bluetooth to keep track of a user's close contacts in case
(that) they catch COVID-19.这款应用程序被设计来用蓝牙追踪用户的密切接触
者,以防他们感染新冠肺炎。
You'd better not buy the ticket.In that case, you can try again tomorrow.你最好别买
票,那样的话,你明天可以再试一次。
归纳拓展
① in that/this case 如果那样/这样的话
②in case ( that )...如果……;以防……
③in case of sth.如果……;假使……
④case作先行词,表示抽象地点时,其后用where引导定语从句。类似用法的单词
还有situation、point、occasion等。
⑤as is often the case 这是常有的事
⑥in no case 决不
⑦in any case 无论如何,不管怎样
单句语法填空
6-1 (2020江苏,阅读理解A, )The daily number of newly cured and discharged
(出院) patients exceeded (超过)that of the newly confirmed cases (case).
解析 考查名词的数。句意:每日新增治愈并出院病人的数量超过新增确诊病例
的数量。case在此处意为“病例”,是可数名词,依据句意可知确诊病例应为复
数。
6-2 (2018江苏,书面表达, ) In that case, it is both convenient and eco
nomical to buy books according to the ratings.
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:如果那样,根据排名买书既方便又节约。in that case
在那种情况下,如果那样。
6-3 (2017天津,阅读理解C改编, )Does the phrase“death valley” in Para
graph 2 refer to a case where passing a law is impossible
解析 考查定语从句。句意:第二段中的短语“death valley”指的是不可能通过
法律的情况吗 where引导定语从句,修饰先行词case, where在从句中作地点状
语。
单句改错
6-4 (2018天津,阅读理解B, )This time, we stayed together, in case of anything
else unusual happened.
去掉of或把of改为that
解析 考查固定用法。句意:这一次,我们待在一起,以防发生其他任何不寻常的
事情。此处应用in case引导状语从句,不能加of。in case(that)...以防……。
|demand n.需求;要求 vt.强烈要求
It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we
were wrong.(教材P26)这是一种进退两难的情况,因为如果我们错了,这名足球运
动员就可能要求赔偿。
情景导学
Skilled staff are always in demand.技术熟练的员工总是受欢迎的。
The media demand to know the truth.媒体要求知道真相。
The employees demanded that the employer (should)give them an answer.雇员们要
求老板给他们一个答复。
归纳拓展
①demand to do sth.强烈要求做某事
demand that...(从句用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“ should+动词原形 ”,
should 可省略)强烈要求……
② in demand 需求大;受欢迎
the/a demand for 对……的需求
on demand 一经要求
meet/satisfy one's demands满足某人的需求
③demanding adj.要求高的;费力的
单句语法填空
7-1 (2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )Like running, race walking is physically
demanding (demand).
解析 考查词性转换。句意:和跑步一样,竞走对身体要求很高。根据语境及句
子结构可知,此处应用形容词demanding作表语,表示“要求高的,费力的”。
7-2 (2019江苏,24, )More wind power stations will spring up to meet the de-
mand for clean energy.
解析 考查固定搭配。 句意:为了满足对清洁能源的需要,更多的风力发电站将
会迅速出现。the demand for意为 “对……的需要”,for后接需要的事物。
7-3 (2018天津,阅读理解C, )So instead of eating a piece of yesterday's bread
from the supermarket, you'd eat something baked just for you on demand.
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:因此,你将会吃到应你的要求而只为你烹制的东西,
而不是吃一片昨天从超市买的面包。on demand一经要求。
根据汉语提示完成句子
7-4 (2017浙江,阅读理解C, )Italy is the latest Western European country trying
to control a growing immigrant(移民) population by demanding
language skills (通过要求语言技能) in exchange for work permits, or in
some cases, citizenship.
|defend v.(为……)辩护,防御,保卫
The law allows people to defend themselves against a charge.(教材P28)法律允
许人们在受到指控时为自己辩护。
情景导学
(China Daily, 2020年10月)The Sacrifice records ordinary soldiers who sacrificed
their lives in defence of a bridge.《金刚川》记录的是普通士兵以血肉之躯守卫一
座桥的故事。
I picked up a stick to defend myself against/from the dog.
当这只狗攻击我时, 我拿起一根棍子保护自己。
She defended herself successfully against/from the accusation in court.她在法庭上成
功地为自己进行了辩护,反驳了这一指控。
归纳拓展
①defend sb./oneself/sth. against /from...保护某人/某人自己/某物免受……;
针对……为某人/某人自己/某物进行辩解
②defence/defense n.辩护;保卫
in defense/defence of 为了保卫……
单句语法填空
8-1 (2020天津,阅读理解B, )“Small does not mean weak, sir,” she defended
herself (she).
解析 考查反身代词。句意:她为自己辩护:“小不意味着弱,先生。”此处de-
fend表示“为……辩护”,defend sb./oneself表示“为某人/某人自己辩护”。由
she可知此处应该使用反身代词herself。
8-2 (2016四川,七选五, )The female hormones also protect the body in another
way.They help the body defend against/from some kinds of infections.
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:女性荷尔蒙也以另一种方式保护身体,它们帮助身
体抵御某些类型的感染。defend against/from...意为“抵御……”。
8-3 ( )Tim's spiritual force was especially important for his successful de-
fense/defence (defend) in the football game.
解析 考查词性转换。句意:蒂姆的精神力量对他在这场足球比赛中的成功防守
尤其重要。由空前的形容词successful及句意可知此处应该使用defend的名词形
式defence/defense,意为“防守,防御”。
|approve vt.批准;认可;赞成
Last of all,the chief editor read it and approved it.(教材P30)
最后,主编审读了这篇稿子,并且批准了。
情景导学
(Xinhua News Agency, 2020年6月)US Philadelphia officials planned to ask the
Philadelphia Art Commission for the approval of removing the Statue of Columbus.
美国费城官员计划请求费城艺术委员会批准移除哥伦布雕像。
Her parents now approve of her decision.她父母现在赞成她的决定了。
The teacher doesn't approve of my/me leaving school this week.老师不同意我这周
离校。
归纳拓展
①approve of sth.同意某事
approve of sb./sb.'s doing sth.赞成某人做某事,同意某人做某事
② approval n.赞成;同意;批准;认可
③disapproval n.不赞成,反对
④disapprove v.不赞成;反对
⑤disapproving adj.不赞成的,表示反对的
单句语法填空
9-1 (2020北京,阅读理解D改编, )As for Irving Good's opinion on ultra-intelli
gent machines, the author is disapproving (disapprove).They h-old contrary
views.
解析 考查词性转换。句意:对Irving Good的关于超智能机器的观点,作者是不
赞同的。他们的观点相反。由句意及句子结构可知设空处作is的表语,应用形容
词disapproving,意为“不赞同的”。
9-2 (2018江苏,阅读理解D, )Many youngsters(少年)now measure their status
by how much public approval (approve)they get online, often through
“likes”.
解析 考查词性转换。句意:许多年轻人现在通过他们在网上获得了多少公众认
可来衡量他们的地位,这种认可通常是通过“点赞”的方式。get的宾语应为名
词“认可”,故填approval。
9-3 ( )The following items are approved (approve)for use in residential
(住宿的) rooms.
解析 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:下列物品获准用于所居住的房间。分
析句子可知,此处approve为及物动词,意为“批准”,在此处意为“被批准”,需用
被动语态,句中所表达的应该为一般情况下的一项条款,需用一般现在时,主语为
items,故填are approved。
9-4 ( )This instinct(天性) is why the approval (approve) of peers, or the
fear of disapproval (approve), is such a powerful force in many people's lives.
解析 考查名词。根据第一空前的the和第二空前的of可知两空都应用名词;第一
空处表示同龄人的“赞同”,故第一空应用名词approval,第二空表示对“不赞
同”的害怕,故第二空应用名词disapproval。
|process vt.加工;处理 n.过程;程序;步骤
All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives.(教材P3
0)
然后,所有的报道材料都要准备被加工成胶片。
情景导学
All these photos are professionally processed.
所有这些照片都经过了专业的加工。
We are proud that our country is in the process of becoming stronger.
我们很自豪我们的国家正处在变得越来越强大的过程中。
I learn that my application for studying abroad is in process.
我得知我申请出国学习的事宜正在办理中。
归纳拓展
① in process 在进行中 in the process of...在……过程中
② processed adj.经过加工的
单句语法填空
10-1 (2020全国Ⅲ,阅读理解B改编, )The creative team records an actor's per-
formance and later processes (process) it with computer graphics to create a
final image(图像).
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这个富有创造力的团队记录了一个演员的表
演,然后用电脑绘图加工成最终影像。process在此处意为“加工,处理”,由前面
的records可知,应用一般现在时,主语是The creative team,谓语应用第三人称单数
形式,故填processes。
10-2 (2019课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B, )However, if others benefit in the
process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies
解析 考查介词。in the process 是介词短语,意为“在这个过程中”。
10-3 (2018天津,阅读理解C, )Future 3D food printers could make pro-
cessed (process) food healthier.
解析 考查词性转换。句意:未来的3D食品打印机可以使加工食品更加健康。
此处应用形容词修饰名词food;processed为形容词,意为“经过加工的”。
|appointment n.约会;预约;任命,委派
Practise in pairs making appointments.(教材P31)
两人一组,练习预约。
情景导学
David, I need to make an appointment with you today.戴维,我今天需要和你预约一
下。
I'd like to make an appointment for 5 p.m.today.我想预约在今天下午五点。
The manager appointed his secretary to pick up the customer at the airport.经理指派
他的秘书去机场接顾客。
归纳拓展
①have/make an appointment( with sb.) (与某人)预约
②appoint vt.任命;委派;安排
appoint sb. to do sth.指派某人做某事
appoint sb.as/to be...任命某人为……
单句语法填空
11-1 (2019课标全国Ⅱ, 听力, )But you have an appointment with Mr.
Douglas at 3 o'clock.
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:但你和道格拉斯先生有一个3点钟的预约。have an
appointment with sb.意为“和某人约会/预约”,故填介词with。
11-2 ( )She asked me where I was staying and next morning she was waiting at
my apartment at the appointed (appoint)time to take me to Disney World.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:她问我住在哪里,第二天早上在约定的时间点她
在我的公寓等着带我去迪斯尼世界。time与appoint为逻辑上的被动关系,空格处
需用过去分词appointed作定语。
11-3 ( )Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a
nurse appointed to guard (guard) her.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:安妮·萨尔蒙身有残疾,整个上学期间由一名被指
派保护她的护士照顾。appoint sb. to do sth.意为“指派某人做某事”。
|not only...but (also)...不但……而且……
Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to
update my skills.(教材P26)对摄影我不只是感兴趣,在大学里我还攻读过业余摄
影课来更新我的技术。
情景导学
Not only will her generosity help those in need realize their dreams, but it also will
motivate more people to join her.
她的慷慨不仅能帮助那些处于困境的人实现梦想,还能激励更多人加入她。
Not only the assistants but also the famous scientist was shocked by the strange thing.
不仅那些助手们,而且连这位著名的科学家都被这件奇怪的事震惊了。
归纳拓展
①not only...but (also)...是并列连词,连接两个并列分句时,若not only位于句首,它
所在的分句应该采用 部分倒装 语序。
②当not only...but (also)...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的人称和数与 靠近
它的主语 保持一致。
③not...but...意为“不是……而是……”, 是并列连词,连接两个并列结构。当它
连接并列主语时,谓语动词的人称和数也需与相邻主语保持一致。
单句语法填空
1-1 (2020江苏,完形填空, )There, he not only did well as a student but
also became an accomplished public speaker.
解析 考查固定用法。句意:在那里,他不但作为一个学生表现很好,而且成了一
名技艺娴熟的演讲者。由空前的not only和空后的also及句意可知此处应该使用
but。
1-2 (2019北京,阅读理解A, )Not only will you help our young volun
teers to develop personally, you'll also learn new skills and in-crease your cultural
awareness.
解析 考查倒装句。句意:您不仅可以帮助我们的年轻志愿者发展个人能力,还
可以学习新的技能,提高文化意识。在含有not only...but also...的句子中,not only
放于句首时,not only所在的分句使用部分倒装,由后边的you'll 可知填will。
1-3 (2019 课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解 D, )They rose in the ranks not by being
friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on oth-
ers.
解析 考查固定用法。句意:他们地位上升不是通过待人友善,而是通过抽烟、
违反纪律和拿别人开玩笑。not...but...是表达并列关系的连词,意为“不是……而
是……”。句子中not by being friendly与空后的by smoking cigarettes, breaking
rules and playing jokes on others是意义相反的结构,故用but。
根据汉语提示完成句子
1-4 (2018课标全国Ⅱ,书面表达, )The film is about the development of our
beloved school; as a result, it will be not only interesting
but also meaningful (不仅有趣而且有意义).
倒装
在英语中,主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前,谓语在后,这被称为自然语序。但
有时为了修辞需要,谓语需要全部或部分移到主语的前面,这种语序叫倒装语
序。
一、倒装的种类
倒装有两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。在倒装语序中,若整个谓语都在主语之前,称
之为完全倒装。若谓语的一部分(通常是助动词、情态动词或 be 动词)位于主语
之前,则称之为部分倒装。
二、完全倒装
1.将表示地点(here、there等)、时间(now、then等)、运动方向(out、in、up、
down、away等)的副词置于句首,且主语为名词时,句子用完全倒装。如果主语是
代词则不用倒装。
①Here he comes .他来了。
②Here comes the bus .公交车来了。
③Down came all the girls .
所有的女孩都下来了。
2.表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且句子的谓语是表示存在意义的动词(lie、
stand、exist、live、sit等),要用完全倒装。
④In front of the classroom stands a tall tree .
教室前矗立着一棵高高的树。
3.作表语的形容词或介词短语位于句首时,要用“表语+系动词+主语”结构。
⑤Present at the meeting were some experts from China.
一些来自中国的专家出席了会议。
4.分词短语置于句首时,要用完全倒装。
⑥Growing all over the mountain are wild flowers .
漫山遍野长着野花。
温馨提示:在完全倒装句中,谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。
三、部分倒装
1.表示否定或半否定意义的词或短语no、 not、 never、hardly、seldom、
rarely、 little、nowhere、by no means、in no way、 at no time、in no case、 on
no account等置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装。
⑦Little did he realize how important this meeting would be.他
几乎没有意识到这个会议有多么重要。
2.“only+状语”位于句首时,句子用部分倒装。“only+状语从句”位于句首时,
从句不倒装,主句用部分倒装。
⑧Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.他只有
喊叫才能让别人听到。
⑨Only when he returned home did he know what had hap-
pened.当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。
3.“so/neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”意为“……也/也不……”,
该结构为部分倒装。
⑩He can swim and so can I.他会游泳,我也会。
I haven't seen her and neither have I heard from her.
我没有见过她,也没有收到过她的信。
4.not only...but also...连接两个并列分句,not only 置于句首时,not only 所在的分句
用部分倒装,but also 所在的分句不用倒装; 含有no sooner...than...、hardly...
when...、scarcely...when...的主从复合句中,no sooner、hardly、scarcely所在的主
句用部分倒装,而than、when所在的从句不倒装。
Not only did he wash the car, but he also polished it.
他不仅洗了车,还擦了擦它。
Hardly had Mike picked up the ball when another player took it from him.
迈克刚接过球,另一名球员就从他那儿抢走了。
No sooner had she arrived at the cinema than the movie began.她一到电影
院,电影就开始了。
5.当as/though表示“尽管”,引导让步状语从句时,要把强调的表语、谓语中的实
义动词、状语放在从句句首。though引导从句既可以用倒装语序也可以不用倒
装语序,而as引导从句则必须要倒装。当单数名词位于句首时不可以带冠词。
Young as/though he is, he is quite experienced in looking after younger
children.
=Though/Although he is young, he is quite experienced in looking after younger
children.
尽管他年轻,但他对照顾比他小的孩子很有经验。
6.在虚拟条件句中,把if引导的条件从句中的were、had、should提前,并省去if,也
可构成部分倒装结构。
Had I worked hard , I would have surely succeeded.
=If I had worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.
如果我当时努力学习的话,我一定会成功的。
7.在so...that...和such...that...句型中,把“so+形容词或副词”或把“such+名词短
语”放于句首时,主句使用部分倒装语序。
So fast did he run that nobody could catch up with him.
他跑得如此快以至于没有人能赶上他。
单句语法填空
1.(2020全国新高考Ⅰ,七选五, )Do you want to be a good public speaker
Here are (be) some principles you must master.
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:你想成为一名好的演说家吗 下面是你必须
掌握的一些原则。here置于句首,句子要完全倒装。根据语境及前一句的时态可
知用一般现在时;空后的some principles 是复数形式的主语,所以用are。
2.(2019课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解B改编, )Not only are today's top West-
ern designers being influenced by China, but also some of the best designers of con-
temporary fashion are themselves Chinese.
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:不仅是今天的顶级西方设计师受到中国的影
响,而且一些最优秀的当代时装设计师本身就是中国人。not only置于句首,not
only所在的分句用部分倒装。根据Not only所在的分句中的being influenced并结合but also所在的分句的时态可判断,Not only所在的分句应该用的是现在进行时的被动语态;Not only所在分句的主语是today's top Western designers,谓语应用复数。所以填are。
3.(2017课标全国Ⅰ,完形填空, )Little did I know that I would discover
my love for ASL(美式手语).
解析 考查倒装句式。句意:我几乎不知道我会发现自己对美式手语的喜爱。由
Little可知,此处应用部分倒装,由语境可知,应用一般过去时,故填did。
4.(2017天津,阅读理解B, )Patient as/though I was, after about 15 min-
utes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I
grew frustrated.
解析 考查连词。此处为让步状语从句,形容词patient意为“耐心的”,置于句
首,句子应用倒装语序;此处表示“尽管”,所以用as或though。
5.(2016 课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解B, )Only after a year of friendly discussion
did Ms.Garza finally say yes.
解析 考查倒装句式。句意:一年的友好讨论之后,Garza女士终于同意了。“on-
ly+状语”位于句首时,句子用部分倒装,根据语境可知应用一般过去时,所以应该
用did。
句型转换
6.(2020天津,阅读理解D 改编, )But once having met and liked new people and
new ideas, we think how terrible it would have been, if we had missed the chance.
→But once having met and liked new people and new ideas, we think how terrible it
would have been, had we missed the chance.
7.(2018天津,14, )It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that
we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
→Only when the car pulled up in front of our house did we see
Lily in the passenger seat.
8.(2016江苏,34, )They didn't encourage the development of tourist-related ac-
tivities in the rural areas until recently.
→Not until recently did they encourage the development of
tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
完成句子
9.(2019课标全国Ⅱ,七选五, )只有到那时你才应该设定你的目标。
Only then should you set your goals.
10.(2019天津,12, )这位教授告诫这些学生说,在他的课堂上绝对不要使用手
机。
The professor warned the students that on no account should they
use mobile phones in his class.
11.(2019北京,完形填空改编, )他们不仅感激Wilson的帮助,他的帮助对他们
能够完成大学的教育也十分必要。
Not only is Wilson's help appreciated, it's also entirely neces-
sary for them to be able to complete their college education.
12.( )莫言一上台,观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。
No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience
broke into thunderous applause.
