UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
A卷——小题夯基练
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．(2021·浙江卷1月)Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2，000 steps short of the physical(身体的) activity they need to avoid being overweight.
2．China successfully exploded its first atomic bomb (原子弹) on Oct. 16, 1964, which enhanced(增强) the strength of the country's national defense.
3．The classic novel Red Crag (《红岩》) tells us about Chinese liberation(解放), which is a part of our shared memory.
4．Paper books still dominate(占优势) the textbook market, with digital textbooks making up less than 5 percent.
5．Having abused(滥用) his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends, Williams is now under investigation.
6．Being overweight had no specific effect on sleep patterns, while it was more likely that shorter sleep times stimulate(刺激) appetite and make kids hungry.
7．When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, absorbed(专心的) in conversation.
Ⅱ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Data about the moon's composition(compose), such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
2．(2019·北京卷)Some students don't have a reliable(rely) car, while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent centuries, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant(dominate) languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
4．We know playing computer games for a long time can harm one's health physically(physical)．
5．In order to get ready for the examination(examine), the students are studying day and night.
6．As an educational specialist(special), his grandmother is always invited to give lectures around the country.
7．If he could get rid of that constant nicotine stimulation(stimulate), things would be easier for me.
8．Pleasant music is often played between classes to make students refreshed(refresh) and relaxed for a while.
Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词)
1．Currently, most countries rely on coal－burning power plants to keep their cities' lights on.
2．If you make a joke face to face, you had a good chance of being understood and receiving a laugh or an understanding glance in response.
3．Hot as the night was, we slept deeply because we were so tired.
4．He looked like he was under a lot of stress the last time we met.
5．When fully absorbed in his work, it is typical of him to forget everything else.
Ⅳ.选词填空
in response to, rely on, straight away, decide on, make up one's mind, be composed of, stress out
1．Before you start your project, you should first decide_on which type of material to use.
2．When the final bell rang, the students were required to hand in their examination paper straight_away．
3．In_response_to her campaign against childhood obesity, companies like Coca Cola, Kellogg and General Mills have agreed to cut the calorie content of their foods.
4．When people feel stressed_out,_they can squeeze what are called stress relief balls to let go of the negative energy in their bodies.
5．Generally speaking, students with special needs rely_on teachers and volunteers to help them understand the world.
Ⅴ.完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1．(2018·天津卷)获得成为一名优秀舞者所需要的技能花了他很长时间。
It_took_him_a_long_time_to_acquire_the_skills he needed to become a good dancer.
2．Nowadays we rely on computers to organize our work.
→Nowadays we rely_on_it_that_computers_organize_our_work. (that从句)
3．(2019·北京卷)不管你喜欢做什么，都有办法在地球日这天参加各种活动。
①No_matter_what_you_like_to_do,_there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.
②Whatever_you_like_to_do,_there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.
4．专心于读报，他没注意到他的爸爸。
①Absorbed_in_his_newspaper,_he didn't take notice of his dad. (absorb)
②Buried_in_reading_his_newspaper,_he didn't take notice of his dad. (bury)
③Concentrating_on_reading_his_newspaper,_he didn't take notice of his dad. (concentrate)
④Devoted_to_his_newspaper,_he didn't take notice of his dad. (devote)
B卷——大题提能练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021·陕西重点中学模拟)
In a new study, researchers analyzed information from more than 18, 000 people who provided blood samples. Participants reported whether they exercised regularly, and if so, what type of exercises they typically did. The researchers then scanned participants' blood, looking for genes (基因) that are tied to an increased risk of obesity (肥胖). Next, the researchers examined whether certain exercises seemed to balance this risk.
Overall, people who reported doing any type of regular exercises tended to have a lower BMI (体重指数) than those who didn't. This was true even among people who were genetically easy to become overweight. But one exercise stood out as the one with the strongest anti obesity effect：jogging. Participants with obesity genes who jogged tended to have a lower BMI than people with similar genetic risk who did not jog.
But for those who loathe jogging, fear not：Five other types of exercises were also tied to a lower BMI among individuals at risk for obesity. These included mountain climbing, ballroom dancing and walking. The benefits of these exercises were the biggest among those with the greatest genetic risk of obesity.
Interestingly, several other types of exercises failed to counteract the genetic risk of obesity. These included cycling, stretching exercises and swimming. The findings don't mean that these latter exercises can't help with weight control. It's just that they didn't seem to counteract the genetic tendency to gain weight.
There could be several reasons for this. The researchers noted that, for the average Joe or Jane, cycling and stretching exercises tend to require less energy than the exercises that were tied to a lower obesity risk. In addition, exercising in water, as happens with swimming, may increase appetite.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，慢跑是肥胖基因的克星。此外，爬山、交际舞和散步也有利于降低肥胖的风险。相反，骑自行车、做伸展运动和游泳等并不能帮助抵制肥胖基因的风险。
1．What does the underlined word “loathe” in the third paragraph mean
A．Dislike. B．Display.
C．Disturb. D．Discourage.
A 解析：词义猜测题。画线词后面提供了其他几项抵抗肥胖基因的风险的运动，可见画线词所在句的意思是“对于那些不喜欢慢跑的人来说，也不必担心”。故可判断loathe意为“不喜欢、讨厌”。故选A。
2．Which exercise has the least effect on balancing obesity genes
A．Mountain climbing. B．Ballroom dancing.
C．Running slowly. D．Riding a bicycle.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“several other types of exercises failed to counteract the genetic risk of obesity. These included cycling, stretching exercises and swimming.”可知，骑自行车不能抵制肥胖基因的风险。故选D。
3．What does the author indicate in the last paragraph
A．Swimming doesn't help one lose weight.
B．Diving may make a person eat more food.
C．Average people put less energy into exercises.
D．Stretching exercises will become popular.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的最后一句“In addition, exercising in water, as happens with swimming, may increase appetite.”可知，水中运动可能会增加食欲。潜水属于水中运动，据此可判断潜水可能使一个人饭量增加。故选B。
4．Which of the following is the best title
A．Jogging Less Leads to Genetic Obesity
B．Regular Exercises Tend to Lower BMI
C．Whether Exercises Balance Risks of Obesity Genes
D．Genes Are Very Important for People's Weight Control
C 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段中的最后一句、第二段中的第三句、第三段中的最后一句和第四段中的第一句可知，本文主要讲的是运动是否能够抵制肥胖基因的风险，故C项最适合作为本文标题。故选C。
B
(2021·滨州名校联合质量检测)Although social media allow us to become more connected to other people than at any time in history, a new study suggests that many Americans feel lonelier than ever before, which is weakening the nation's mental and physical health.
The study, conducted by the health insurer Cigna, found widespread loneliness, with nearly half of Americans reporting they feel alone, or left out at least some of the time.The nation's 75 million millennials (ages 26－40) and Generation Z adults (ages 18－25) are lonelier than older generations.Besides, 54% of people surveyed said they feel no one knows them well, and four in 10 reported they “lack companionship”， their “relationships aren't meaningful” and they “are isolated (孤立的) from others”．
Douglas Nemecek, MD, Cigna's chief medical officer for Behavioral Health, said the findings of the study suggest that the problem has become common, equaling the risks caused by tobacco and the nation's ever expanding waistline.“Loneliness has the same influence on health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day, while obesity (肥胖) less than 10 cigarettes a day，”he said in releasing the report.
Nemecek's comments tallied_with those of other leading public health specialists, including former Surgeon General Vivek H．Murthy, MD, who said loneliness should be targeted in public health campaigns like those designed to fight against smoking and obesity.“During my years caring for patients, the worst disease I saw was not heart disease or diabetes; it was loneliness，”Murthy said in a recent cover story in the Harvard Business Review.
The new report, produced in Cigna's partnership with the polling company Ipsos, is based on an online survey of more than 20，000 US adults using the well regarded UCLA Loneliness Scale to see how widespread loneliness is in America.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究的结果：尽管社交媒体让人们比历史上任何时候都更能与他人建立起联系，但许多美国人却感到比以往任何时候都更加孤独。
5．What does the study conducted by Cigna find
A．Older Americans feel much lonelier.
B．Social media do people more harm than good.
C．People become more connected to each other.
D．Social media increase levels of Americans' loneliness.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a new study suggests that many Americans feel lonelier than ever before”可知，新的研究发现社交媒体让美国人变得更加孤独。
6．Which opinion might Douglas Nemecek support
A．Loneliness is not so harmful as smoking.
B．Loneliness is taken seriously by the public.
C．Loneliness is more dangerous than obesity.
D．Loneliness is targeted in public health campaigns.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Loneliness has the same influence on health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day, while obesity (肥胖) less than 10 cigarettes a day”可知，孤独对健康的影响相当于每天吸15支烟的影响，而肥胖对健康的影响相当于每天吸不到10支烟的影响。由此可推知，孤独比肥胖更危险。
7．What does the underlined phrase “tallied with” mean in paragraph 4
A．Agreed with. B．Varied with.
C．Contradicted. D．Inspired.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据上文提到的内梅塞克的言论和下文中的“those of other leading public health specialists...loneliness should be targeted in public health campaigns like those designed to fight against smoking and obesity”“the worst disease I saw was not heart disease or diabetes；it was loneliness”可知，此处表示内梅塞克的言论与其他一些健康专家的言论是一致的，故选A。
8．What is the purpose of the text
A．To discuss health problems.
B．To present findings of a recent study.
C．To warn people about social media use.
D．To show threats to Americans' health.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据文章内容尤其是文章首尾两段的呼应可知，本文主要介绍了一项新研究的结果：尽管社交媒体让人们比历史上任何时候都更能与他人建立起联系，但许多美国人却感到比以往任何时候都更加孤独。故选B。
【难句分析】 Nemecek's comments tallied with those of other leading public health specialists, including former Surgeon General Vivek H．Murthy，MD，who said loneliness should be targeted in public health campaigns like those designed to fight against smoking and obesity.
分析：这是一个主从复合句。句子主干是“Nemecek's comments tallied with those of other leading public health specialists”。including短语作状语。who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“former Surgeon General Vivek H．Murthy”；该定语从句中those后跟过去分词短语“designed to fight against smoking and obesity”作定语。
译文：内梅塞克的言论和其他一流的公共健康专家的观点不谋而合，这些专家里包括前美国卫生局局长维韦克·H·默西博士，他说像与吸烟和肥胖做斗争一样，公共健康运动应该把孤独也列为目标。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2021·盐城高三年级第一学期统一考试)My first year living in Los Angeles, I was a birthday party clown(小丑)．I __1__ with my identity because, though I viewed myself as a filmmaker，everyone in my life associated me with this ridiculous day job.
For certain parties, I had to go as a __2__ character, so at the party I'd actually be “Mickey Mouse” or “SpongeBob SquarePants”. One night, I was told that I was going to be Batman. At the time I had a giant mustache but I didn't want to __3__ my physical appearance for that job. __4__，for the party, I chose not to shave.
Normally at these parties, you pop in through the front door：“Surprise! Batman's here！” However，my element of __5__ was shot(毁坏) because they saw me coming from, like, a quarter of a mile away, which left me plenty of time to __6__ my choice not to shave.
Once I got close enough for them to make out the __7__ of my face, the entire party __8__ laughter and then into cheers.
After I ran into the party, they were __9__ me. I saw the birthday boy with his dad, who was laughing, and he said, “You see, I told you，son, Batman has a mustache.” He took me to the huge birthday cake with a Batman drawn on it, and the Batman had a mustache. I just stared at it in __10__．
When __11__ bringing the cake out, instead of just admitting that it was messed up, the parents tried to save __12__ and said to the boy, “Batman always has a mustache. He just shaves it for movies.” By a __13__ of fate, my mustache confirmed what the parents had said and __14__ the kid that I was actually Batman.
That day, there was no doubt in my mind what I was. I may not have been the __15__ that they ordered and expected. But that day, I was the hero that they needed.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者在洛杉矶居住的第一年是一个生日派对的小丑表演者。一天晚上，作者受邀在一个小男孩的生日派对上扮演蝙蝠侠，但是不想改变自己的外貌，于是就选择不刮胡子。这个选择一度让作者很后悔。 结果，小男孩生日蛋糕上的蝙蝠侠正好有胡子，这让小男孩的父母很开心，因为他们终于能够解释蛋糕上的失误了。尽管作者没有以他们期待的样子出场，却为他们救了场。
1．A.started B．stuck
C．struggled D．settled
C 解析：根据本句中的“though I viewed myself as a filmmaker, everyone in my life associated me with this ridiculous day job”可知，作者对于自己生日派对小丑的身份不认同。struggle“斗争，抗争”符合语境。
2．A.specific B．leading
C．central D．generous
A 解析：根据本句中的“at the party I'd actually be‘ Mickey Mouse’or ‘SpongeBob SquarePants’”可以推断，在某些派对上，作者得扮演特定的(specific) 角色。leading“最重要的，一流的”；central“最重要的，首要的，主要的”。
3．A.improve B．change
C．make D．judge
B 解析：根据本句中的“At the time I had a giant mustache”和下文中讲到的“I chose not to shave”可以推断，作者不想为那份工作改变自己的外貌。
4．A.Otherwise B．Besides
C．However D．Therefore
D 解析：根据上句“At the time I had a giant mustache but I didn't want to ______ my physical appearance for that job.”和本句中讲到的“I chose not to shave”可知，前后内容之间为因果关系，所以选D项。
5．A.surprise B．joy
C．enthusiasm D．anxiety
A 解析：根据常识和上句“Normally at these parties, you pop in through the front door：‘Surprise! Batman's here！’”以及本句中的“However”和“they saw me coming from, like, a quarter of a mile away”可推知，大家从好像四分之一英里远就看着作者进来，作者想给的惊喜被破坏掉了。
6．A.withdraw B．regret
C．exercise D．influence
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者想的是自己突然冒出来给大家惊喜，但是实际情况却是作者好像从老远的地方就被大家看着走进来，因此他有很多时间来后悔自己选择不刮胡子。
7．A.shape B．expression
C．features D．wrinkles
C 解析：根据语境和常识可知，作者走得足够近后，人们可以看清他的面部特征(features)。
8．A.showed up B．calmed down
C．ran away D．broke into
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者的造型与蝙蝠侠有出入，因此人们看清他的面部特征之后，哄然大笑起来。
9．A.applauding B．blaming
C．neglecting D．embarrassing
A 解析：根据上文中提到的“the entire party ______ laughter and then into cheers”可知，人们看到作者的造型之后欢呼大笑，并向作者鼓掌(applauding)。
10．A.peace B．comfort
C．disbelief D．despair
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者因为不想改变自己的外貌而在扮演蝙蝠侠时没刮胡子，但这个小男孩的生日蛋糕上画的蝙蝠侠也有胡子，这令作者难以置信。
11．A.accidentally B．finally
C．secretly D．initially
D 解析：根据上文中讲到的“You see, I told you, son, Batman has a mustache.”可知，从最初拿出生日蛋糕，小男孩的父母就在想办法解释蛋糕上的蝙蝠侠造型是正确的。
12．A.fuel B．money
C．time D．face
D 解析：根据常识和本句中讲到的“instead of just admitting that it was messed up”和“Batman always has a mustache. He just shaves it for movies.”可知，小男孩的父母应该是搞错了蝙蝠侠的造型，所以他们起初(initially) 把蛋糕拿出来时，试图保全面子一直在圆自己的失误。
13．A.shadow B．path
C．twist D．role
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者没有刮胡子扮演蝙蝠侠本来是一个失误，但是意外地证实了小男孩父母关于蝙蝠侠有胡子的说法，并让小男孩相信作者的确是蝙蝠侠。a twist of fate“命运的奇特安排”与语境相符。
14．A.guaranteed B．convinced
C．warned D．promised
B 解析：参见上题解析。
15．A.hero B．comedian
C．actor D．filmmaker
A 解析：空处所在句与下句“But that day, I was the hero that they needed.”形成呼应可知，尽管作者不是他们要求扮演和期待的那个英雄(形象)，但却是那天他们需要的英雄(形象)。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2021·厦门二模)Numerous Chinese cultural and art treasures have been put on show in many parts of the world over the past years, showcasing the fantastic Chinese civilization on the global stage and 1.____________(promote) cultural exchanges.
In December, 2018, New Zealand's National Museum started a four month exhibition, where both terracotta warriors (兵马俑) and more than 160 ancient antique pieces 2.____________(make) of gold, jade and bronze were displayed. On the opening day, local citizens 3.____________(line) up to enjoy this “once in a lifetime” experience. The exhibition, 4.____________ provided visitors with some knowledge of long standing Chinese civilization, was 5.____________(high) appreciated for the individuality of each terracotta warrior and the unbelievable creativity needed to build the army.
Treasures showing the lives of emperors and empresses from the Qing Dynasty also went on display in museums in Washington. D．C.and Moscow in 2019, 6.____________ over 100 pieces put on show, including realistic 7.____________(painting), furnishings and jewelry from the Palace Museum in Beijing. The exhibition was also 8.____________ huge success.
Chinese and foreign museums have been making exchanges to encourage dialogue between civilizations and foster people's 9.____________(understand) of and engagement with cultures that interest 10.____________(they). It is an important job for museums to bring the world closer.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国文化艺术瑰宝在世界各地展出，这些展出展示了中华民族的灿烂文明，促进了文化交流。
1．promoting 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，众多的中国文化艺术瑰宝在世界各地纷纷展出，在全球舞台上展示了中华民族的灿烂文明，促进了文化交流。分析句子可知，Numerous Chinese cultural and art treasures与promote在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式promoting，故填promoting。
2．made 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在2018年12月，新西兰国家博物馆开始了为期四个月的展览，展出了兵马俑和160多件由金、玉、铜制成的古代古董。根据句子可知，本空在句中作定语，修饰名词ancient antique pieces, make与被修饰的名词是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填made。
3．lined 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：开幕当天，当地市民排起长队来享受这“一生才有一次”的体验。line up为固定搭配，意为“排队、(某一批人)排成行、列队”。根据句意可知，本句叙述的是过去的事，要用一般过去时，故填lined。
4．which 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这次展览为参观者提供了一些源远流长的中华文明的知识。分析句子结构可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为The exhibition，设空处在非限制性定语从句中作主语且指物，只能用which，故填which。
5．highly 解析：考查副词。句意：因为每个兵马俑的个性特征和建设军队所需要的令人难以置信的创造力，这次展览受到高度赞赏。分析句子结构可知，本空在句中作状语，修饰动词appreciated，修饰动词要用副词，故填highly。
6．with 解析：考查介词。句意：展出了超过100件作品，包括北京故宫博物院的写实画、家具陈设和珠宝。介词with意为“有”，此处是指“有超过100件作品被展出”。分析句子结构可知，此处是with复合结构，介词with后的over 100 pieces是宾语，put on show是过去分词作宾补，故填with。
7．paintings 解析：考查名词的数。句意：包括北京故宫博物院的写实画、家具陈设和珠宝。painting为可数名词，根据句意可知，本句是指有许多画作，应用复数形式，故填paintings。
8．a 解析：考查不定冠词。句意：展览也是一次巨大的成功。根据语境可知，本句中的success为抽象名词的具体化用法，此处表示一次成功的展览，数量上为泛指，且huge首字母的发音为辅音音素，故填a。
9．understanding 解析：考查名词。句意：中外博物馆一直在进行交流，鼓励不同文明之间的对话和促进人们理解和接触他们自己感兴趣的文化。分析句子结构可知，people's后接名词，故填understanding。
10．them 解析：考查代词。句意：促进人们理解和接触他们自己感兴趣的文化。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，本空的逻辑主语是people，是第三人称的复数。本空是作动词interest的宾语，故填them。
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12UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
A卷——小题夯基练
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．(2021·浙江卷1月)Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2，000 steps short of the ( )(身体的) activity they need to avoid being overweight.
2．China successfully exploded its first atomic bomb (原子弹) on Oct. 16, 1964, which ( )(增强) the strength of the country's national defense.
3．The classic novel Red Crag (《红岩》) tells us about Chinese ( )(解放), which is a part of our shared memory.
4．Paper books still ( )(占优势) the textbook market, with digital textbooks making up less than 5 percent.
5．Having ( )(滥用) his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends, Williams is now under investigation.
6．Being overweight had no specific effect on sleep patterns, while it was more likely that shorter sleep times ( )(刺激) appetite and make kids hungry.
7．When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, ( )(专心的) in conversation.
Ⅱ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Data about the moon's ( )(compose), such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
2．(2019·北京卷)Some students don't have a ( )(rely) car, while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent centuries, all have caused many languages to disappear, and ( )(dominate) languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
4．We know playing computer games for a long time can harm one's health ( )(physical)．
5．In order to get ready for the ( )(examine), the students are studying day and night.
6．As an educational ( )(special), his grandmother is always invited to give lectures around the country.
7．If he could get rid of that constant nicotine ( )(stimulate), things would be easier for me.
8．Pleasant music is often played between classes to make students ( )(refresh) and relaxed for a while.
Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词)
1．Currently, most countries rely ( ) coal－burning power plants to keep their cities' lights on.
2．If you make a joke face to face, you had a good chance of being understood and receiving a laugh or an understanding glance ( ) response.
3．Hot ( ) the night was, we slept deeply because we were so tired.
4．He looked like he was ( ) a lot of stress the last time we met.
5．When fully absorbed ( ) his work, it is typical of him to forget everything else.
Ⅳ.选词填空
in response to, rely on, straight away, decide on, make up one's mind, be composed of, stress out
1．Before you start your project, you should first ( ) which type of material to use.
2．When the final bell rang, the students were required to hand in their examination paper ( )．
3．( ) her campaign against childhood obesity, companies like Coca Cola, Kellogg and General Mills have agreed to cut the calorie content of their foods.
4．When people feel ( ),_they can squeeze what are called stress relief balls to let go of the negative energy in their bodies.
5．Generally speaking, students with special needs ( ) teachers and volunteers to help them understand the world.
Ⅴ.完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1．(2018·天津卷)获得成为一名优秀舞者所需要的技能花了他很长时间。
( ) he needed to become a good dancer.
2．Nowadays we rely on computers to organize our work.
→Nowadays we ( ). (that从句)
3．(2019·北京卷)不管你喜欢做什么，都有办法在地球日这天参加各种活动。
①( ),_there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.
②( ),_there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.
4．专心于读报，他没注意到他的爸爸。
①( ),_he didn't take notice of his dad. (absorb)
②( ),_he didn't take notice of his dad. (bury)
③( ),_he didn't take notice of his dad. (concentrate)
④( ),_he didn't take notice of his dad. (devote)
B卷——大题提能练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021·陕西重点中学模拟)
In a new study, researchers analyzed information from more than 18, 000 people who provided blood samples. Participants reported whether they exercised regularly, and if so, what type of exercises they typically did. The researchers then scanned participants' blood, looking for genes (基因) that are tied to an increased risk of obesity (肥胖). Next, the researchers examined whether certain exercises seemed to balance this risk.
Overall, people who reported doing any type of regular exercises tended to have a lower BMI (体重指数) than those who didn't. This was true even among people who were genetically easy to become overweight. But one exercise stood out as the one with the strongest anti obesity effect：jogging. Participants with obesity genes who jogged tended to have a lower BMI than people with similar genetic risk who did not jog.
But for those who loathe jogging, fear not：Five other types of exercises were also tied to a lower BMI among individuals at risk for obesity. These included mountain climbing, ballroom dancing and walking. The benefits of these exercises were the biggest among those with the greatest genetic risk of obesity.
Interestingly, several other types of exercises failed to counteract the genetic risk of obesity. These included cycling, stretching exercises and swimming. The findings don't mean that these latter exercises can't help with weight control. It's just that they didn't seem to counteract the genetic tendency to gain weight.
There could be several reasons for this. The researchers noted that, for the average Joe or Jane, cycling and stretching exercises tend to require less energy than the exercises that were tied to a lower obesity risk. In addition, exercising in water, as happens with swimming, may increase appetite.
1．What does the underlined word “loathe” in the third paragraph mean
A．Dislike. B．Display.
C．Disturb. D．Discourage.
2．Which exercise has the least effect on balancing obesity genes
A．Mountain climbing. B．Ballroom dancing.
C．Running slowly. D．Riding a bicycle.
3．What does the author indicate in the last paragraph
A．Swimming doesn't help one lose weight.
B．Diving may make a person eat more food.
C．Average people put less energy into exercises.
D．Stretching exercises will become popular.
4．Which of the following is the best title
A．Jogging Less Leads to Genetic Obesity
B．Regular Exercises Tend to Lower BMI
C．Whether Exercises Balance Risks of Obesity Genes
D．Genes Are Very Important for People's Weight Control
B
(2021·滨州名校联合质量检测)Although social media allow us to become more connected to other people than at any time in history, a new study suggests that many Americans feel lonelier than ever before, which is weakening the nation's mental and physical health.
The study, conducted by the health insurer Cigna, found widespread loneliness, with nearly half of Americans reporting they feel alone, or left out at least some of the time.The nation's 75 million millennials (ages 26－40) and Generation Z adults (ages 18－25) are lonelier than older generations.Besides, 54% of people surveyed said they feel no one knows them well, and four in 10 reported they “lack companionship”， their “relationships aren't meaningful” and they “are isolated (孤立的) from others”．
Douglas Nemecek, MD, Cigna's chief medical officer for Behavioral Health, said the findings of the study suggest that the problem has become common, equaling the risks caused by tobacco and the nation's ever expanding waistline.“Loneliness has the same influence on health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day, while obesity (肥胖) less than 10 cigarettes a day，”he said in releasing the report.
Nemecek's comments tallied_with those of other leading public health specialists, including former Surgeon General Vivek H．Murthy, MD, who said loneliness should be targeted in public health campaigns like those designed to fight against smoking and obesity.“During my years caring for patients, the worst disease I saw was not heart disease or diabetes; it was loneliness，”Murthy said in a recent cover story in the Harvard Business Review.
The new report, produced in Cigna's partnership with the polling company Ipsos, is based on an online survey of more than 20，000 US adults using the well regarded UCLA Loneliness Scale to see how widespread loneliness is in America.
5．What does the study conducted by Cigna find
A．Older Americans feel much lonelier.
B．Social media do people more harm than good.
C．People become more connected to each other.
D．Social media increase levels of Americans' loneliness.
6．Which opinion might Douglas Nemecek support
A．Loneliness is not so harmful as smoking.
B．Loneliness is taken seriously by the public.
C．Loneliness is more dangerous than obesity.
D．Loneliness is targeted in public health campaigns.
7．What does the underlined phrase “tallied with” mean in paragraph 4
A．Agreed with. B．Varied with.
C．Contradicted. D．Inspired.
8．What is the purpose of the text
A．To discuss health problems.
B．To present findings of a recent study.
C．To warn people about social media use.
D．To show threats to Americans' health.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2021·盐城高三年级第一学期统一考试)My first year living in Los Angeles, I was a birthday party clown(小丑)．I __1__ with my identity because, though I viewed myself as a filmmaker，everyone in my life associated me with this ridiculous day job.
For certain parties, I had to go as a __2__ character, so at the party I'd actually be “Mickey Mouse” or “SpongeBob SquarePants”. One night, I was told that I was going to be Batman. At the time I had a giant mustache but I didn't want to __3__ my physical appearance for that job. __4__，for the party, I chose not to shave.
Normally at these parties, you pop in through the front door：“Surprise! Batman's here！” However，my element of __5__ was shot(毁坏) because they saw me coming from, like, a quarter of a mile away, which left me plenty of time to __6__ my choice not to shave.
Once I got close enough for them to make out the __7__ of my face, the entire party __8__ laughter and then into cheers.
After I ran into the party, they were __9__ me. I saw the birthday boy with his dad, who was laughing, and he said, “You see, I told you，son, Batman has a mustache.” He took me to the huge birthday cake with a Batman drawn on it, and the Batman had a mustache. I just stared at it in __10__．
When __11__ bringing the cake out, instead of just admitting that it was messed up, the parents tried to save __12__ and said to the boy, “Batman always has a mustache. He just shaves it for movies.” By a __13__ of fate, my mustache confirmed what the parents had said and __14__ the kid that I was actually Batman.
That day, there was no doubt in my mind what I was. I may not have been the __15__ that they ordered and expected. But that day, I was the hero that they needed.
1．A.started B．stuck
C．struggled D．settled
2．A.specific B．leading
C．central D．generous
3．A.improve B．change
C．make D．judge
4．A.Otherwise B．Besides
C．However D．Therefore
5．A.surprise B．joy
C．enthusiasm D．anxiety
6．A.withdraw B．regret
C．exercise D．influence
7．A.shape B．expression
C．features D．wrinkles
8．A.showed up B．calmed down
C．ran away D．broke into
9．A.applauding B．blaming
C．neglecting D．embarrassing
10．A.peace B．comfort
C．disbelief D．despair
11．A.accidentally B．finally
C．secretly D．initially
12．A.fuel B．money
C．time D．face
13．A.shadow B．path
C．twist D．role
14．A.guaranteed B．convinced
C．warned D．promised
15．A.hero B．comedian
C．actor D．filmmaker
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2021·厦门二模)Numerous Chinese cultural and art treasures have been put on show in many parts of the world over the past years, showcasing the fantastic Chinese civilization on the global stage and 1.____________(promote) cultural exchanges.
In December, 2018, New Zealand's National Museum started a four month exhibition, where both terracotta warriors (兵马俑) and more than 160 ancient antique pieces 2.____________(make) of gold, jade and bronze were displayed. On the opening day, local citizens 3.____________(line) up to enjoy this “once in a lifetime” experience. The exhibition, 4.____________ provided visitors with some knowledge of long standing Chinese civilization, was 5.____________(high) appreciated for the individuality of each terracotta warrior and the unbelievable creativity needed to build the army.
Treasures showing the lives of emperors and empresses from the Qing Dynasty also went on display in museums in Washington. D．C.and Moscow in 2019, 6.____________ over 100 pieces put on show, including realistic 7.____________(painting), furnishings and jewelry from the Palace Museum in Beijing. The exhibition was also 8.____________ huge success.
Chinese and foreign museums have been making exchanges to encourage dialogue between civilizations and foster people's 9.____________(understand) of and engagement with cultures that interest 10.____________(they). It is an important job for museums to bring the world closer.
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