北京市朝阳区2021-2022学年高三上学期英语期末质量检测（PDF版含答案，无听力部分）

北京市朝阳区 2021～2022 学年度第一学期期末质量检测
高三英语试卷 2022. 1
(考试时间90分钟 满分100分)
本试卷共 10 页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，
并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
17-year-old Norwood was driving three friends home in St. Petersburg, Florida, on February
20. As they reached a crossroads, a black car 1 them. Their car sailed into someone’s yard and
crashed into a tree.
As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted, “It’s about to blow up! Get out!” The 2
had caved in Norwood’s driver’s side door, jamming it shut. 3 , but otherwise OK, she climbed
out through the window. Along with two of her friends, who’d also managed to 4 themselves,
Norwood ran for her life.
But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them.
Norwood ran 5 and found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious. She threw open the back
door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best as she could. She 6 Simmons
to safety and laid her on the ground. “I checked her pulse (脉搏), and put my head against her chest.
No sign of life,” Norwood told CNN, “That’s when I started CPR. Fortunately, I 7 my CPR
certificate yesterday.”
She started pumping Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling
her lungs with the kiss of life. No 8 . And then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue
breaths, Simmons regained consciousness. The CPR had 9 !
Soon, paramedics (急救人员) arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital, where she heard how
her best friend had saved her life. “I wasn’t 10 ,” Simmons said. “She will always help any
way she can.”
1. A. stopped B. hit C. guided D. passed
2. A. impact B. symbol C. weight D. gravity
3. A. Relaxed B. Shaken C. Amazed D. Embarrassed
4. A. free B. defeat C. meet D. protect
5. A. back B. around C. forward D. outside
6. A. pushed B. rolled C. drove D. dragged
7. A. lost B. tested C. earned D. provided
8. A. trouble B. response C. preparation D. exception
9. A. begun B. finished C. failed D. worked
10. A. calm B. upset C. surprised D. nervous
1
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在
给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Wang Yaping, the Chinese female astronaut onboard Shenzhou 13, entered the Tiangong space
station, 11 name means Heavenly Palace, on October 16. She is the first female astronaut
12 (visit) China’s space station and carry out extravehicular activities. Born in Yantai, Wang
became the second female astronaut in spaceflight. During this mission, Wang, as one of the crew
13 (member), will stay in orbit for six months, setting a new record for China’s manned space
mission duration.
B
Zhaobi, or screen walls, have a long and storied history. Zhaobi can be found outside the
entrance of buildings, and in their earliest form, they 14 (build) for only the highest
members of society to show their social status (地位) and protect privacy. It was believed 15
zhaobi would also act as the spiritual protection. Then they became an 16 (importance)
form of artistic expression, representing good fortune appearing on the walls. Nowadays, zhaobi are
still how they looked in the distant past. By evolving (演变) their function, these walls 17
(witness) China’s development, giving us a snapshot of life at a particular time in history.
C
A new study 18 (conduct) at the University of Kansas suggests that added sugars can
cause some processes tied to depressive illness. The researchers found that inflammation (炎症) is
the key effect of dietary sugar related to mental health. High sugar consumption could result in a
perfect storm, negatively 19 (affect) the body and brain. “Many people 20
depression have high levels of systemic inflammation, which can directly push the brain into a
severe depression. And added sugars stimulate this process,” said Stephen Ilardi.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上
将该项涂黑。
A
In our hyper-connected world, information is being collected and shared every nanosecond.
The problem is that your personal information might be used against you in the future in ways you
can’t imagine today. So what do you have to worry about, and what can you do to protect yourself
2
If you’re worried about your personal information getting lifted...
Don’t hand over your name, address, phone number, or email address unless the receiver really
needs it. If pressed, you can always make something up. Opt a paper receipt or no receipt rather
than getting one via text or email, which requires sharing your information and exposes you to
possible data loss.
If you prefer that your Internet searches stay private...
Browse (浏览) with Firefox. Its privacy controls are stronger than other big-name browsers. Or
use DuckDuckGo, and alternate service you can easily set as your default (默认) search partner at
.
If you’re worried about your phone acting as a tracker...
Turn off Location Services for all apps except maps and others that specifically need to know
where you are. You can do this in Settings, under Privacy and Location.
If you want companies to stop trying to sell you things...
Stop ads from tracking you by opting out of information collecting. The website
is a good place to start. You can also add your phone number to the National Do
Not Call Registry at 1-888-382-1222 or donotcall.gov.
If you’re worried about being tagged (标记) in photos on social media...
Tell friends you don’t want to be tagged, and opt out of being automatically tagged in other
people’s Facebook photos by going to Settings, then Face Recognition.
Always keep in mind that Internet is not a private place and your privacy is not just about
freedom from embarrassment. Although you can’t prevent all Internet spying, you can minimize
some unwanted spying by taking these steps.
21. Which of the following will most possibly reveal your personal information
A. Looking for information with Firefox.
B. Receiving a receipt through text messages.
C. Switching off Location Services in Settings.
D. Giving your address to the receiver who needs it.
22. If you don’t want to be disturbed by ads, you can ________.
A. avoid using
B. refuse a call from 1-888-382-1222
C. delete your history from DuckDuckGo
D. register your phone number at donotcall.gov
23. The passage is intended to ________.
A. give advice B. introduce websites
C. show worries D. explain social media
3
B
Cards from Reese
When 9-year-old Reese Osterberg lost her home in Fresno County,
California, in Creek Fire, one of the largest wildfires in state history early
last fall, she had a very pressing concern: did anyone grab her baseball
cards
No one had. With a houseful of kids and dogs and a farm’s worth of
horses to evacuate (疏散), the family forgot the cards in a hurry to leave.
Naturally, the faithful San Francisco Giants fan and Little League baseball player was upset. When
she watched the Giants on TV, she would lay out each player’s card on the floor in his corresponding
field position. “I like baseball cards because they are pictures of people doing happy stuff—doing
what they love, and what I love,” says Reese.
Reese’s loss touched the hearts of the Fresno County fire department, which posted her story
on its Facebook page. They put out a call for people to help Reese rebuild her baseball card
collection. Among those to respond was Kevin Ashford of San Jose, who knew exactly where Reese
could find replacement cards: in his garage. He had more than 25,000 in his collection, which is
worth about $50,000. Ashford had been thinking about selling them when he saw the fire
department’s post. “I wasn’t really doing anything with them,” says Ashford. “I thought I could take
care of this problem rather quickly.”
First responders transported the cards from Ashford’s garage to the Fresno County fire
department and then surprised Reese during a tour of the firehouse. Towers of Ashford’s cards were
put in front of the fire engine. After thanking Ashford, Reese was quick to share the thousands of
baseball cards she received from Ashford and other donors around the country with other kids
affected by California’s Creek Fire.
She’s gotten so many, in fact, that she started Cards from Reese, an organization that collects
cards and donates them to those in need. She knows firsthand of the simple power of a card and
she’d like to lift other children up as others have lifted her up.
24. What happened to Reese’s baseball cards
A. Someone took them away. B. They were left in the garage.
C. Her family threw them away. D. They were destroyed in a fire.
25. How did Ashford help Reese
A. He donated his cards to her. B. He called on others to help her.
C. He shared her story on Facebook. D. He exchanged his cards with her.
26. From the story, we can learn that ________.
A. ups and downs make one strong
B. nothing is difficult to a willing heart
C. love can be sent from one to another
D. accepting what you have makes you happy
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C
The return of sea otters to Southeast Alaska over the past 50 years,
a project funded by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, has been a
conservation success story. Erin Foster, a Nearshore Ecology PhD from
Hakai Institute, suggests that sea otter restoration can enhance the
genetic diversity of their habitat.
Sea otters reside in coastal habitats, including eelgrass fields,
where they feed on rock crabs, often creating foraging pits (觅食坑) in the eelgrass. Foster looked at
the impact of this activity on eelgrass genetic diversity by comparing eelgrass ecosystems with no
otters (pre-disturbance) to those where otters had been reintroduced (post-disturbance). It was found
that genetic diversity was higher in the areas with otters. Foster argues that genetic richness is of
central importance here because it is crucial to resilience (恢复力) and the evolution of clonal
organisms. Why The primary mode of expansion for eelgrass is clonal growth, but sea otter digging
stimulates sexual reproduction in the flowering plant and opens up areas for the seeds to settle.
Even though disturbance enhances the diversity and dynamics of many of the world’s
ecosystems, its influence on genetic diversity remains poorly appreciated. The amount of
disturbance that was observed in the eelgrass fields was relatively low: about 5% of the seafloor had
foraging pits, although the pits last only for a short time, and visual observations likely
underestimate the amount of activity. The disturbance theory, presented in 1978 on the basis of
evidence from tropical forests and coral reefs, is well known to ecologists. Early studies showed
that disturbance could increase species diversity, but researches on the effects of disturbance on
genetic diversity are relatively rare.
The role of sea otters in eelgrass fields provides insights into how genetic diversity can change
when species interactions are lost—and how these patterns can be restored. Without sea otters,
genetic diversity appears to decline; when they return, so does diversity. Sea otters were extirpated
from much of their range during intense commercial harvests in the 18th and 19th centuries. As
their range expanded in the 1960s and 1970s after the disturbance, and their habitats became better
understood, sea otters became symbolic species in ecology.
The role of sea otters in biogeochemical processes such as the carbon cycle has gained attention
in recent years. During the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030), more
attention should be paid to rebuilding animal populations and the key ecological functions they
provide.
27. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. eelgrass ecosystems are established by sea otters
B. eelgrass expands through clonal growth due to sea otters
C. the return of sea otters can increase genetic diversity of eelgrass
D. eelgrass plays a more important role in the ecosystem than sea otters
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28. What can we infer from Paragraph 3
A. The ecological disturbance theory lacks basic proof.
B. The previous researches on disturbance are insufficient.
C. The necessity of the research on disturbance is doubted.
D. The effects of disturbance on genetic diversity are relatively small.
29. What does the underlined word “extirpated” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Removed. B. Restored. C. Reproduced. D. Relocated.
30. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage
A. The Ecological Function of Eelgrass Fields
B. The Commitment to Ecological Conservation
C. The Strategy for Increasing Sea Otter Population
D. The Benefit of Disturbance on Genetic Diversity
D
My university has now topped the U.S. News & World Report rankings for 11 years running.
Given Princeton’s success, you might think I would be a fan of the list. Not so. Don’t get me wrong.
I am proud of Princeton’s teaching, research and commitment to service. I like seeing our quality
recognized. Rankings, however, are a misleading way to assess universities. Different schools have
distinct strengths, structures and missions. The idea of picking one as “best”, as though educational
programs competed like athletic teams, is strange.
However, the U.S. News rankings attract great attention and a huge customer base. Applicants
and their families rely on the rankings and feel pressure to get into highly regarded institutions. As
a result, many schools make intense efforts to move up in the rankings. This competition produces
damaging consequences. For example, some universities avoid doing difficult but valuable things—
such as admitting talented lower-income students who can succeed at university if given appropriate
support.
Still, students and families need comparative information to choose universities. If rankings
mislead, what is the alternative For generations, buyers have turned to Consumer Reports for
advice about almost everything except university education. When Consumer Reports evaluates a
product, it assesses multiple factors so that potential buyers can make their own choice wisely.
Similarly, university applicants need information about some basic variables. Graduation rates are
crucial. A university that does not graduate its students is like a car with a bad maintenance (维修)
record. It costs money without getting you anywhere. What applicants need is not the average
graduation rate, but the rate for students with backgrounds like their own. For example, some places
successfully graduate their wealthy students but do less well for lower-income students. Applicants
should also see some measure of post-graduation outcomes.
Here is a partial list of other factors that matter: cost of tuition (学费) and fees; high-quality
teachers actively engaged in undergraduate instruction; and a learning culture composed of diverse
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students who study hard and educate one another. Judged by these criteria, many schools could be
“Consumer Reports Best Buys”. Applicants should be excited to get into any of them; they should
pick the one they find most appealing; and they should not waste time worrying about which is “the
best”.
It would be great to have a Consumer Reports for universities. I hope that some national
publication will have the courage to produce an annual, user-friendly Consumer Reports-style
analysis of higher education institutions, even if it is not as attractive as a football-style set of
rankings. In the meantime, those of us who understand the imperfection in the rankings must call
them out—even when, indeed especially when, we finish at the top.
31. What is the author’s attitude towards university rankings
A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Disapproving. D. Neutral.
32. Why does the author mention Consumer Reports
A. To reveal the multiplicity of consumers.
B. To present the information of potential buyers.
C. To highlight the difficulty of choosing universities.
D. To emphasize the need of overall evaluation of universities.
33. What can we learn from this passage
A. It is not likely to have a Consumer Reports for universities.
B. The most suitable university for applicants may not rank the top.
C. The average graduation rate is crucial to lower-income applicants.
D. The top universities can see the imperfection in the rankings better.
34. What is the main idea of the passage
A. There is no such thing as a good or bad student.
B. Education equality is an ideal hard to be realized.
C. An alternative approach is needed to assess universities.
D. Discrimination against poor students brings loss of talents.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上
将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Humans start developing a sense of humour as early as six weeks old, when babies begin to
laugh and smile in response to stimuli (刺激物). Laughter and humour provide psychological
scientists with rich resources for studying human psychology.
Theories focusing on the evolution of laughter point to it as an important adaptation for social
communication. For example, in 1950, a U.S. sound engineer started recording his own ‘laugh
tracks’. These were intended to help people at home feel like they were in a social situation. He
even recorded various types of laughter. 35
7
In one study, carried out in 2016 at the university of California, samples of laughter from pairs
of English-speaking students were recorded and played to listeners from 24 diverse societies.
36 On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were
correct approximately 60% of the time.
Another study by researchers of Australian National University was based on the assumption
that humour might provide a pause from dull situations in the workplace. 37 The
researchers first asked the students to cross out every instance of the letter ‘e’ over two pages of
text. The students then were randomly assigned to watch a video clip. Some watched a clip of the
BBC comedy Mr. Bean, and others a factual video about the management profession.
The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the
potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10
correct assessments in a row would lead to a win. 38 Students who had watched the Mr.
Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many
predictions as the other group.
39 Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time
working on this boring task and completed more questions correctly than students from the other
group.
Traditionally, individuals are advised to avoid things such as humour that may distract them
from the accomplishment of task goals. However, humour actually helps relieve stress and facilitate
social relationships. It is not only enjoyable but more importantly, energizing.
A. Participants were asked whether the pairs were friends or strangers.
B. This ‘mental break’ might facilitate the addition of mental resources.
C. The researchers then had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand.
D. A team made up of 30 psychological scientists played these recordings to different people.
E. However, the software was programmed that it was impossible to achieve 10 correct answers.
F. Researchers have also found different types of laughter serve as codes to complex human bonds.
G. He found out a simple ‘haha’ communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant
information.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 （共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Collecting As a Hobby
Collecting must be one of the most varied of human activities, and it’s one that many
psychologists find fascinating.
Some people collect because they want to make money. This could be called an instrumental
8
reason for collecting. They’ll look for, say, antiques that they can buy cheaply and expect to sell at
a profit. But there may well be a psychological element, too—buying cheap and selling dear can
give the collector a sense of achievement.
Another motive for collecting is the desire to find something special. Some may spend their
whole lives in a hunt for this. Psychologically, this can give a purpose to a life that otherwise feels
aimless. There is a danger, though, that if the individual is ever lucky enough to find what they’re
looking for, rather than celebrating their success, they may feel empty, now that the goal that drove
them on has gone.
If you think about collecting postage stamps, another potential reason is its educational value.
Stamp collecting opens a window to other countries, and to the plants, animals, or famous people
shown on their stamps. In the past, and nowadays, too, a popular form of collecting, was
trainspotting. This might involve trying to see every locomotive (火车头) of a particular type, using
published data that identify each one, and ticking off each engine as it is seen. As a by-product,
many train spotters become very knowledgeable about railway operations, or the technical
specifications of different engine types.
Not all collectors are interested in learning from their hobbies. Some people collect because of
the need for a sense of control. Stamp collectors, for instance, arrange their stamps in albums very
neatly according to their preferred principles.
All hobbies give pleasure, but the common factor in collecting is usually passion. Collecting
can be totally appealing, and can give a strong sense of personal achievement. To non-collectors it
may appear a strange way of spending time, but potentially, collecting has a lot going for it.
40. What is the instrumental reason for collecting
41. What is the danger of hunting for something special as a life purpose
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Collectors gain material and psychological benefits from collecting, but non-collectors
may not see its value, so they are not advised to have a try.
43. If you are a collector, what do you collect And why (In about 40 words)
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第二节（20 分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 在你们学校网站上看到了你参加
“校园劳动日”活动的照片，很感兴趣，发来邮件询问。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1．“校园劳动日”活动的相关信息（时间、内容……）；
2. 你参加活动的感受。
注意：1．词数 100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：校园劳动日 Campus Cleanup Day
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
10
北京市朝阳区 2021～2022学年度第一学期期末质量检测
高三英语参考答案 2022.1
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．A
6．D 7．C 8．B 9．D 10. C
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
11．whose 12．to visit 13．members 14．were built 15．that
16．important 17．have witnessed 18．conducted 19．affecting 20．with
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
21．B 22．D 23．A 24．D 25．A
26．C 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．D
31．C 32．D 33．B 34．C
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
35．G 36．A 37．B 38．E 39．C
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32 分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
40. To make money.
41. After finding what they hunt for, people may feel empty and aimless rather than celebrate their
success.
42. Collectors gain material and psychological benefits from collecting, but non-collectors may
not see its value, so they are not advised to have a try.
According to the passage, to non-collectors, collecting as a hobby may seem like a strange way
of spending time, but potentially, collecting has many positive qualities. So collecting is worth
trying for non-collectors.
43. (1) I collect fridge magnets because they are my favourite souvenirs. Whenever I see them, I
can recall the memorable time spent during the trips. Moreover, fridge magnets enable me to
learn more about the typical landmarks and cultural elements of the places I have visited.
(2) I collect car models because I love cars and receive car models as gifts on every special
occasion, which serve as a reminder of my carefree childhood and the cherished love from my
beloved ones. Each car model carries a distinct touching story and pleasant moment during my
growth.
（请根据学生答题情况酌情给分）
1
第二节（20 分）
Possible version
Dear Jim,
How is everything going Since you are interested in our Campus Cleanup Day, I’m more than
willing to share more with you.
It is an annual activity in our school. Every Dec. 31, students do a thorough cleanup to welcome
the coming new year, such as cleaning the windows and sweeping the floors in the teaching
buildings. The pictures you saw on our school official website were taken when we were helping in
the school canteen, where we wiped the tables and placed them in order. From our smiles, you can
tell how happy and content we were for doing our bit to make our school a place just like home.
What do you think of this activity Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
2