2022年人教版中考英语二轮动词和动词短语课件(共22张PPT)

(共22张PPT)
【2020中考英语语法考点精讲】
动词和动词短语
考点一　动词的分类与词义辨析
1．及物动词
及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中：
实义动词：本身有词义，能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
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③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
①动词＋宾语　
如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)
②动词＋宾语＋宾补
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2.不及物动词
①不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。
如：He always studies hard.他一直努力学习。(study后无宾语，为不及物动词)
②若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。
③有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。
如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)
She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)
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系动词和助动词的用法
1．系动词
本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；表示人的感觉的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。
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情态动词的用法
情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
1．can(could)
①表能力，could为can的过去式。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。
②表可能性。
③表许可。口语中可代替may。
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④can't表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。
could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。
2．may(might)
①用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
②表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。
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3．must
①表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用needn't或don't have to，意为“不必”。
【注意】have to意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。
②must的否定形式为mustn't，意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。
③表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定得多。
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4．would
作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。
5．should
①表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜做)，用于各种人称。
②表推测，意为“想必一定；照说应该；估计”等。
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1.(2019江西,29)You'll have to　　 the books because there aren't enough for everyone.
A.pack　　B.sell　　C.choose　　D.share
D
2.(2019天津,24)We should 　　 making a noise in the library.
A.avoid　　B.prefer　　C.practise　　D.enjoy
3.(2019新疆,31)Mum likes 　　 soap operas. Let's buy a TV for her.
A.becoming　　B.watching　　C.looking　　D.smelling
A
B
4.(2019湖北武汉,36)—Have you 　　 chemistry for the coming exam
—Yes. I'm quite ready for it.
A.repeated　　B.copied C.marked　　D.reviewed
5.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特,3)—Jack, let's have a picnic after school.
—Sorry. I have 　　 Frank to work on the biology report with him.
A.advised　　B.expected　　C.suggested　　D.promised
D
D
6.(2019河南,25)You can't change who you are by reading a book or change the way
you act by watching a video. What 　　 is what you do, not what you know.
A.includes　　B.decides　　C.means　　D.matters
7.(2019云南,34)I can't find my keys. Maybe I　　 them at home this morning.
A.left　　B.forgot　　C.lost　　D.missed
8.(2019安徽,37)—Hello, Beijing Hotel. Can I help you
—Yes, I'd like to 　　 a single room for two nights.
A.enter　　B.move　　C.book　　D.provide
D
A
C
考点二　动词短语辨析
动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来动词的意思不同。
1．动词短语的分类：
①动词＋介词
arrive in/at，ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for
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②及物动词＋副词
find out，give up，look up (查找)，put on，pick up，ring up，take off (脱下)，take away，turn on，turn off，think over，cut off
③不及物动词＋副词
get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off
④动词＋副词＋介词
get on (along) with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to
⑤动词＋名词＋介词
take part in，make friends with，take care of
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⑥be+形容词+介词
Be good at, be interested in, be good for , be worried about
常见的动词短语
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1. If you want to join the Music Club, 　　 the form, please.
A.go out　　B.fill out C.get up　　D.warm up
2.—I'm afraid his radio is too noisy. Will you please 　　 him
to 　　 a little
—Sure.
A.ask;turn it down　　B.allow;turn it on
C.tell;turn it up　　D.advise;turn it off
B
A
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3. I really need to take more exercise because
I'm 　　 weight.
A.putting down　　B.putting on C.putting off　　D.putting away
4.—Why were you shouting at Tom
—I told him to be quiet, but he 　　 talking.
A.joined in　　B.ended up C.kept on　　D.put off
B
C
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5. Our school has 　　 a sign at the gate, saying “Greet your child with a smile, not a mobile”.
A.put up　　B.put off　　C.put on
6.I asked my father to 　　 me 　　 at the school gate at 6:30 so that we could visit Grandma together.
A.pick;up　　B.turn;down C.let;down　　D.cheer;up
A
A
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7. On the first day of Chinese New Year, we　　 new clothes and
visit people.
A.pick up　　B.put on C.take off　　D.throw away
8. Would you please 　　 the light I can't sleep well with it on.
A.turn on　　B.turn off C.turn to　　D.turn around
B
B
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