2022年人教版初中英语中考语法复习宾语从句和定语从句课件(共24张PPT)

(共24张PPT)
语法精讲：宾语从句和定语从句
知识结构
宾语从句
语序：陈述句
引导词
时态
that
连接代词：what,which, who, whom,whose等
连接副词：when,where, how, why等
需要性原则
呼应性原则
特殊性原则
知识结构
定语从句
先行词：名词或代词
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
1. 引导词
引导词 用法 例句
that that引导宾语从句时，在句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，可以省略。 I believe (that) April is the hottest month in Thailand.
whether/if 当表示对宾语从句所表达的内容不确定时。 I don’t know whether he will come home for the festival or not.
考点精讲
考点一 宾语从句
引导词 用法 例句
连接代词 (what/which/who/ whose/whom等) 在从句中作一定的成分， 如：主语、宾语、定语等。 I want to know what they are going to do.
连接副词 when (表时间)/ where(表地点)/ why(表原因) how(表方式) 在从句中作状语。 I wonder how I should deal with my problem.
考点精讲
考点一 宾语从句
2. 语序
从句中必须用陈述句语序， 即“连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他部分”。
如：I don’t know where he lives.
↓ ↓ ↓
连接词 主语 谓语
考点精讲
考点一 宾语从句
3. 时态
(1)需要性原则：主句是现在时(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时)，从句时态随句意。如：
I hear Joe left for Beijing yesterday. 我听说乔昨天去北京了。
I hear Joe will leave for Beijing next week. 我听说乔下周将去北京。
考点精讲
考点一 宾语从句
(2)呼应性原则：主句是过去时(包括一般过去时、过去进行时)，从句相应地用过去的某种时态。
如：Jane said she was shopping at this time yesterday.
简说她昨天这个时候在购物。
考点精讲
考点一 宾语从句
(3)特殊性原则：从句表示客观事实、真理或自然现象，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
如：Our teacher said that light travels faster than sound.
我们老师说光传播的速度比声音快。
考点精讲
考点一 宾语从句
“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词what, which 和疑问副词how, when, where，why等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。
如：I asked him when to leave for China.我问他什么时候去中国。
“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。
如：Could you please tell me how to get to the post office？
＝Could you please tell me how I can get to the post office？
你能告诉我邮局怎么走吗？
疑问词＋动词不定式
考点精讲
所作成分 关系词
主语 who(人)，which(物)，that(人/物)
宾语 who/whom(人)，which(物),that(人/物)
定语 whose(人/物)
①如果从句中缺少主干成分(主语、宾语或表语)，补关系代词； ②关系代词who, that, whom和which作宾语时，可以省略。
1. 定语从句的关系词及其在句中所作的成分
考点精讲
考点二 定语从句
She is a girl who/that has glasses and long hair.
(先行词a girl指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that引导，此时关系代词不可省略)
This is the gift that/which I bought for my brother as his birthday gift.
(先行词the gift指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，用关系代词that/which引导，也可省略关系代词)
考点精讲
考点二 定语从句
He doesn’t seem to be the man that he was ten years ago.
(先行词the man指人，关系词在从句中作表语，用关系代词that引导)
I like the building whose roof is white.
(先行词building指物，关系词在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose引导)
考点精讲
考点二 定语从句
2. 只能用that而不用which的情况：
(1)当先行词是不定代词all, little, much, none, few, something, everything, anything, nothing等时。如：As we all know, all that can be done should be done. 众所周知，所有能做的都应该被做。
(2)当先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时。如：This is the right book that I am looking for. 这正是我要找的书。
(3)当有序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如：This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen. 这是我看过最有趣的电影。
考点精讲
考点二 定语从句
(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。
如：I have never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.
我从没听说过你刚才说的人和事。
(5)当先行词有all, any, no等限定词时。
如：All the gifts that you received yesterday should be put away.
你昨天收到的所有礼物都应该被收起来。
(6)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
如：Who is the woman that is standing by the wall
站在墙边的那位女士是谁？
考点精讲
考点二 定语从句
3. 指物时，只能用关系代词which的情况：
(1)关系代词放在介词之后。
如：This is the place in which I grew up.
这就是我长大的地方。
(2)当that或those作主语时。
如：Those which are on the desk are English books.
桌子上的那些东西是英语书。
考点精讲
考点二 定语从句
真题训练
1.—Excuse me, would you please tell me _________
—Certainly. It's about ten minutes' walk.
A. where is the nearest shop
B. how I can get to the nearest shop
C. how far the nearest shop is
D. how soon can I reach the nearest shop
C
真题训练
2.—Mr Li, could you please tell me ________
—Sorry, I’m not sure. You can ask Miss Xiao.
A. where was Chinese Kung fu taught
B. how often is the dragon boat race held
C. when the ancient Silk Road started
D. how much is the Chinese painting there
C
真题训练
3.—I heard NBA star Kobe Bryant’s private helicopter (直升机) crashed. I wonder________.
—All the nine people died including his 13-year-old daughter, Gianna.
A. where the accident happened
B. that his daughter died too
C. what was the weather like that day
D. if there were any survivors in the accident
D
真题训练
4.—We teenagers should look up to the people ______ have made great achievements to our country, like Yuan Longping.
—I think so.
A．who B．what C．which D．whose
5. I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me.
A. who B. which C. what D. how
A
A
真题训练
6.—Do you know the girl______ is giving the speech
—Of course. She is my best friend, Meimei.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
7.—Do you like the song Shao Nian
—Yes. I like the songs ______ I can sing along with.
A. that B. who C. what
B
A
提升训练
when　　why　　that　　or　and if be do sleep what
A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night. They turn off the lights, pull up the covers 1 close their eyes. Several hours later, they wake up again. Strange, isn't it
Sleep puzzles science. Scientists and doctors would rather talk about 2 one can't fall asleep. They are not so sure 3 causes sleep. The best conditions for sleep are good health and the meal which 4 neither too big nor too small. No worries and a comfortable place can help you fall asleep easily. They 5 think it's good for two people to sleep in one bed. Strange things happen during sleep. For example, you move often. You will feel tired 6 you don't. You also dream. Parts of your brain are still awake 7 you dream.
and
why
what
is
don’t
if
when
提升训练
when　　why　　that　　or　and if be do sleep what
Dreaming happens when the memory and imagination parts of your brain are still awake. In your dream, you can see things 8 happened in the past or people you met before and you might even see things that never happen 9 people you never meet in your real life. Many scientists say experiments have shown that most of us dream in color. Bad dreams may be caused by a stomachache. Don't worry if you dream. Some great stories and poems were begun while the writers 10 ．
that
or
slept
Bye-bye!