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2022年中考英语二轮
专题复习
全国通用版
专题一 名词
知识导图
语法突破 精讲精练
目录
content
01.
02.
Part 01.
知识导图
Part 02.
语法突破
精讲精练
考点1
名词的分类
名词
1.(2021·绥化)The third day of a week is T uesday .
2.(2021·淮安)That famous writer (write) gave us a report on Chinese culture yesterday.
3.(2021·上海)Shanghai Museum has a large collection of works of art from home and abroa D.(collect)
4.(2021·镇江)The girl sitting behind me often worries a lot about her height (高度).
学以致用
5.(2021·梧州)The days of spring (春天) are always bright here.
6.(2021·宿迁)Neil Armstrong said that one small step (一步) for a man,one giant leap for mankind.
7.(2021·南京)Lulu's best friend never gives up her dream (梦想) of being a teacher.
8.(2021·长春)The smart boy can find Beijing easily on the map of China.
1.可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。其复数形式分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
考点2
名词的数
(1)规则变化
类别 构成方法及读音 例词
一般情况 直接加-s,在清辅音后面读/s/,在元音和浊辅音后面读/z/ day-days shirt-shirts
friend-friends rose-roses
以s,x,ch,sh等结尾的词 加-es,读/Iz/ box-boxes watch-watches
fox-foxes bush-bushes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i再加-es,ies一起读/Iz/ lady-ladies party-parties
country-countries
family-families
类别 构成方法及读音 例词
以f或fe结尾的词 变f或fe为v,再加-es,ves一起读/vz/ leaf-leavesthief-thieves
wolf-wolveslife-lives
注意:scarf-scarfs/scarves
以o结尾的词 有生命的加-es,读/z/ Negro-Negroes hero-heroes
potato-potatoestomato-tomatoes
mango-mangoes
(黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆、西红柿和芒果)
无生命的加-s,读/z/ radio-radiospiano-pianoszoo-zoos
以f或fe结尾的名词变复数口诀
树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄,
妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮;
架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wolf),
就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。
巧
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口
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(2)不规则变化
(1)内部元音字母发生变化。如:
foot-feet man-men mouse-mice
woman-women policeman-policemen
tooth-teeth goose-geese(鹅)
(2)词尾发生变化。如:
ox-oxen(公牛) child-children
(3)有个别名词单复数形式一样。如:
deer-deer(鹿) fish-fish
sheep-sheep works-works(工厂)
(4)表示“某国人”的复数形式表示“某国人”的名词变复数遵循以下规律:中、日、瑞士不变,英法联盟a变e(man-men),其他要把-s加后面。①单复数同形。如:
Chinese-Chinese
Japanese-Japanese Swiss-Swiss
②变man为men。如:
Frenchman-Frenchmen Englishman-Englishmen
③词尾加-s。如:
German-Germans Russian-Russians
Australian-Australians American-Americans
Roman-Romans Indian-Indians
(5)通常只用复数形式的名词。如:
glasses 眼镜 trousers 裤子
clothes 衣服 scissors 剪刀
chopsticks 筷子
(6)复合名词的复数形式
①把复合词中的中心词变复数。如:
a son-in-law-sons-in-law 女婿
②当第一部分为man或woman时,两部分皆变复数。如:a man teacher-two men teachers
a woman doctor-three women doctors
不规则复数变化形式名词单变复,一些不规则,oo常要变ee,男人、女人a变e,鹿和绵羊是一家,单数复数不变化。
巧
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口
诀
2.不可数名词
(1)不可数名词没有复数形式,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The coffee is too hot to drink.咖啡太烫了无法喝。
(2)不可数名词前不能用不定冠词(a/an)或数词(one,two,...)修饰。
(3)要表示不可数名词的数量需要借助于“a+单位词(可数名词)+of+不可数名词”短语,数量大于一时把a变为具体数词,单位词变为复数形式。
如:a bowl of water一碗水
two cups of tea两杯茶
(4)能修饰不可数名词的词或短语有much,little,a little,a bit of,some,any,a lot of/lots of,plenty of等,用来表示大概的数量。如:
much bread许多面包
a little milk 一点牛奶
a lot of work大量的工作
(5)常见不可数名词:
music(音乐),news(新闻),advice(建议),work(工作),information(信息),weather(天气),traffic(交通),experience(经验)等。
1.(2021·杭州)As the saying goes,“An a pple a day keeps the doctor away.”
2.Chinese people like to eat r ice and noodles while Westerners like to eat bread.
3.(2021·贺州)The dentist advises me to brush my t eeth three times a day.
学以致用
4.(2021·眉山)Some firefighters lost their lives in the terrible fire.They are h eroes in our heart.
5.This is a machine to warm our feet (foot) in winter.
6.(2021·广安)Western people like to use knives (餐刀) and forks while they are eating.
7. In autumn,quite a few leaves (树叶) turn yellow and fall off the trees.
8. Cooking is one of David's hobbies (爱好).
3.名词所有格
名词所有格表示所属关系。一般有's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种形式,具体用法如下:
类型 构成方法 示例
常用于有生命的名词 单数名词后直接加's my sister's book我妹妹的书
Mike's mother迈克的妈妈
以-s结尾的复数名词只加' Teachers' Day 教师节
boys' 200-meter race男子两百米赛跑
不以-s结尾的复数名词加's Children's Day儿童节
Women's Day妇女节
类型 构成方法 示例
常用于有生命的名词 如果某物为两者共同所有,只需在后一个名词词尾加's;如果某物为两者各自所有,则在两个名词后面都加's。 Mike and Ben's room迈克和本的房间(共同所有)
Mike's and Ben's rooms迈克(的房间)和本的房间(各自所有)
“名词+'s”可以表示“某人家”、 “店铺”、“诊所”等处所。 at Mr.Green's在格林先生家
at the dentist's在牙医的诊所
有些表示时间、距离、国家、机构等的无生命名词,也可以在词尾加's构成所有格。 five minutes' walk(步行)五分钟的路程
要
点
提
醒
1.It's fifteen minutes' (minute) walk from my home to the zoo.
2.(2021·临沂)In 1920,the world's first three-color traffic light was put to use.(world)
3.(2021·扬州)The wallpaper with cartoon patterns is ideal for my son's room.(son)
学以致用
4.(2021·镇江)These fishermen's (fisherman) homes are no longer in the boats because of the government's no fishing law on the Yangtze River.
5.(2021·龙东)These artists' (art) paintings won an international prize.We take pride in them.
6.The online shop sells children's (child) shoes at a very good price.
7.Have you read the report Those heroes' (英雄) stories really touched me deeply.
8.—A boy is flying a kite over there.Who is he
—Oh,he is Lucy and Lily's (露西和莉莉的) brother.
9.Nobody thought it easy to finish so much work in two days' time (两天的时间).