人教版（新课程标准） 必修5 Unit 3 Life in the future高考练（含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（新课程标准） 必修5 Unit 3 Life in the future高考练（含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-01-15 20:11:57 | ||
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Unit 3 Life in the future
五年高考练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020全国Ⅰ,D,)
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
1.institute n.机构 2.composition n.成分;组成 3.diverse adj.多样性的 4.sensor n.传感器 5.spray vt.喷洒 6.account for占……数量;解释 7.remote adj.偏远的
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.A new study of different plants.
B.A big fall in crime rates.
C.Employees from various workplaces.
D.Benefits from green plants.
2.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers
A.To detect plants' lack of water.
B.To change compositions of plants.
C.To make the life of plants longer.
D.To test chemicals in plants.
3.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future
A.They will speed up energy production.
B.They may transmit electricity to the home.
C.They might help reduce energy consumption.
D.They could take the place of power plants.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Can we grow more glowing plants
B.How do we live with glowing plants
C.Could glowing plants replace lamps
D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free
B
(2019课标全国Ⅰ,C,)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
1.security n.安全 2.regardless of不管;不顾 3.password n.密码
5.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard
A.To reduce pressure on keys.
B.To improve accuracy in typing.
C.To replace the password system.
D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.
6.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible
A.Computers are much easier to operate.
B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D.Data security measures are guaranteed.
7.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard
A.It'll be environment-friendly.
B.It'll reach consumers soon.
C.It'll be made of plastics.
D.It'll help speed up typing.
8.Where is this text most likely from
A.A diary. B.A guidebook.
C.A novel. D.A magazine.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020全国Ⅱ,)
Emoji(表情符号)and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. 1 . It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 2 , encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 3 . While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day 4 . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
5 , and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you'll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
1.rapidly adv.快速地 2.visually adv.形象化地 3.conversational adj.用于交谈的;会话的
A.Messages with emojis feel more conversational
B.Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C.Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D.The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
五年高考练
Ⅰ.A
◎语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人与植物之间的关系。文章介绍了绿植对人类的积极影响和发光植物的节能作用并预测了其前景。本文有助于培养学生的分析、推理、判断能力以及科学创新精神。
1.D 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:第一段主要讲的是什么 根据第一段第二句(最近的研究发现了积极的影响。)以及第三、四句所举的两个实例(城市中绿化越好的地区犯罪率越低;装饰有室内植物的工作场所的员工的生产力提高了15%。)可知,第一段主要讲的是绿植带来的好处。所以D项正确。A:对不同植物的一项新研究;B:犯罪率的大幅下降;C:来自不同工作场所的员工。
2.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:麻省理工学院的工程师们压印在植物叶子上的传感器有什么作用 根据第二段第二句中的“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water”可知A项(为了检测植物缺水)正确。B:为了改变植物的成分;C:为了让植物的寿命更长;D:为了探测植物中的化学物质。
3.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:我们未来对这些发光植物可以有什么期待 由文章最后一句“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.(发光植物可以缩短距离,从而有助于节约能源。)”可知, C项(它们可能有助于减少能源消耗)正确。A:它们将加速能源生产;B:它们可能把电传输到家中;D:它们可能取代发电厂。
4.C 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:以下哪一个可以作为这篇文章的最佳标题 文章主要讲的是绿植给我们带来的积极影响并重点讲了发光植物的现状以及美好前景。结合文章第三段最后一句话“The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.(Strano说,这项技术有一天可以用来照亮房间,或者甚至把树木变成自供电的路灯。)”可知C项(Could glowing plants replace lamps )契合文章的核心内容。A:我们可以种植更多的发光植物吗 B:我们如何与发光植物共同生活 D:如何让发光植物无污染
原句 In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. 分析 本句是一个主从复合句,主句是employees were shown to be 15% more productive, when引导时间状语从句。 句意 在另一项研究中,当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时,他们的工作效率显示了15%的提高。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是科学与技术,主题语境内容为科技发展。文章介绍了Georgia Tech的研究者们想出了一种低成本的装置——智能键盘,来保护私人的电子空间,并希望这种设备能尽快进入市场,服务消费者。本文侧重培养学生的创新能力。
5.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究者们为什么研发智能键盘 根据文章第一段可知,现在一些阻止别人进入私人电子空间的技术成本仍然很高。因此,来自Georgia Tech的研究者们想出了一种低成本的(low-cost)装置——智能键盘,来应对这个问题。所以答案为D项:减少电子空间保护的成本。A:减轻对按键的压力;B:提升打字的精确度;C:取代密码系统。
6.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:什么使智能键盘这项发明成为可能 根据第二段第四句“These patterns are unique to each person.”可知,因为每个人的打字模式各不相同,所以智能键盘能识别人的身份,保护人的隐私。所以答案为C项:打字模式因人而异。A:计算机很容易操作;B:指纹扫描技术发展很快;D:数据安全措施有保证。
7.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究者们对智能键盘期待什么 根据文章最后一段最后两句话,研究者们说键盘应该直接商业化,智能键盘主要是由价格低廉的塑料类配件制成,团队希望它在不久的将来进入市场。所以答案为B项(它将很快到达消费者手里)。A:它将是环保的;C:它将用塑料制造。此项为干扰项,用塑料制造是事实,但不是将来发生的事;D:它将有助于加速打字。
8.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:这篇文章最有可能来自哪里 文章介绍了一种新的保护电子隐私空间的设备——智能键盘,并且希望产品能很快走进市场。本文语言客观严谨,属于科普类文章,故答案为D项:杂志。A:日记;B:指导手册;C:小说。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容为介绍表情符号与工作场所交流。文章介绍了表情符号的几个优点。本文旨在培养学生的逻辑分析和语言能力。
1.D 过渡句。these是对上一句中messaging platforms的指代,the popularity照应下一句中76 percent of employees...are using emojis at work。故D项是最佳选项。
2.A 细节句。上一句说使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情,让意图清楚,设空处进一步讲述表情符号的功能。故选A项(使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更具有会话性)。
3.G 细节句。本段首句表明雇员的年龄范围从22到70及以上,找到一个共同的交流方式可能是个挑战。设空处具体解释应对挑战的方法。故选G项。
4.B 细节句。这一段阐明表情符号在语气中的作用。上一句为电子邮件如此令人烦恼,设空处衔接上文,甚至正式的电子邮件也会冰冷和不友好。故选B项。
5.F 主旨句。根据设空处位置可以推测此处为主旨句,是对文章的概括。 研究表明更为友好的交流有助于建立更快乐的工作氛围。 后面的并列分句说明表情符号就会产生那个积极的效果。因此,F项是最佳选项。
原句 While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). 分析 本句是一个主从复合句。 While引导让步状语从句;for those...是介词短语作状语,used to working with traditional tools like email是过去分词短语作those的后置定语。 句意 尽管年轻一代更喜欢面对面交流,然而对于那些习惯使用电子邮件这样的传统工具的人来说,聊天平台可能像一个不断学习的曲线。
8
五年高考练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020全国Ⅰ,D,)
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
1.institute n.机构 2.composition n.成分;组成 3.diverse adj.多样性的 4.sensor n.传感器 5.spray vt.喷洒 6.account for占……数量;解释 7.remote adj.偏远的
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.A new study of different plants.
B.A big fall in crime rates.
C.Employees from various workplaces.
D.Benefits from green plants.
2.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers
A.To detect plants' lack of water.
B.To change compositions of plants.
C.To make the life of plants longer.
D.To test chemicals in plants.
3.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future
A.They will speed up energy production.
B.They may transmit electricity to the home.
C.They might help reduce energy consumption.
D.They could take the place of power plants.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Can we grow more glowing plants
B.How do we live with glowing plants
C.Could glowing plants replace lamps
D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free
B
(2019课标全国Ⅰ,C,)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
1.security n.安全 2.regardless of不管;不顾 3.password n.密码
5.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard
A.To reduce pressure on keys.
B.To improve accuracy in typing.
C.To replace the password system.
D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.
6.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible
A.Computers are much easier to operate.
B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D.Data security measures are guaranteed.
7.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard
A.It'll be environment-friendly.
B.It'll reach consumers soon.
C.It'll be made of plastics.
D.It'll help speed up typing.
8.Where is this text most likely from
A.A diary. B.A guidebook.
C.A novel. D.A magazine.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020全国Ⅱ,)
Emoji(表情符号)and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. 1 . It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 2 , encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 3 . While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day 4 . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
5 , and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you'll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
1.rapidly adv.快速地 2.visually adv.形象化地 3.conversational adj.用于交谈的;会话的
A.Messages with emojis feel more conversational
B.Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C.Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D.The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
五年高考练
Ⅰ.A
◎语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人与植物之间的关系。文章介绍了绿植对人类的积极影响和发光植物的节能作用并预测了其前景。本文有助于培养学生的分析、推理、判断能力以及科学创新精神。
1.D 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:第一段主要讲的是什么 根据第一段第二句(最近的研究发现了积极的影响。)以及第三、四句所举的两个实例(城市中绿化越好的地区犯罪率越低;装饰有室内植物的工作场所的员工的生产力提高了15%。)可知,第一段主要讲的是绿植带来的好处。所以D项正确。A:对不同植物的一项新研究;B:犯罪率的大幅下降;C:来自不同工作场所的员工。
2.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:麻省理工学院的工程师们压印在植物叶子上的传感器有什么作用 根据第二段第二句中的“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water”可知A项(为了检测植物缺水)正确。B:为了改变植物的成分;C:为了让植物的寿命更长;D:为了探测植物中的化学物质。
3.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:我们未来对这些发光植物可以有什么期待 由文章最后一句“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.(发光植物可以缩短距离,从而有助于节约能源。)”可知, C项(它们可能有助于减少能源消耗)正确。A:它们将加速能源生产;B:它们可能把电传输到家中;D:它们可能取代发电厂。
4.C 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:以下哪一个可以作为这篇文章的最佳标题 文章主要讲的是绿植给我们带来的积极影响并重点讲了发光植物的现状以及美好前景。结合文章第三段最后一句话“The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.(Strano说,这项技术有一天可以用来照亮房间,或者甚至把树木变成自供电的路灯。)”可知C项(Could glowing plants replace lamps )契合文章的核心内容。A:我们可以种植更多的发光植物吗 B:我们如何与发光植物共同生活 D:如何让发光植物无污染
原句 In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. 分析 本句是一个主从复合句,主句是employees were shown to be 15% more productive, when引导时间状语从句。 句意 在另一项研究中,当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时,他们的工作效率显示了15%的提高。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是科学与技术,主题语境内容为科技发展。文章介绍了Georgia Tech的研究者们想出了一种低成本的装置——智能键盘,来保护私人的电子空间,并希望这种设备能尽快进入市场,服务消费者。本文侧重培养学生的创新能力。
5.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究者们为什么研发智能键盘 根据文章第一段可知,现在一些阻止别人进入私人电子空间的技术成本仍然很高。因此,来自Georgia Tech的研究者们想出了一种低成本的(low-cost)装置——智能键盘,来应对这个问题。所以答案为D项:减少电子空间保护的成本。A:减轻对按键的压力;B:提升打字的精确度;C:取代密码系统。
6.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:什么使智能键盘这项发明成为可能 根据第二段第四句“These patterns are unique to each person.”可知,因为每个人的打字模式各不相同,所以智能键盘能识别人的身份,保护人的隐私。所以答案为C项:打字模式因人而异。A:计算机很容易操作;B:指纹扫描技术发展很快;D:数据安全措施有保证。
7.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究者们对智能键盘期待什么 根据文章最后一段最后两句话,研究者们说键盘应该直接商业化,智能键盘主要是由价格低廉的塑料类配件制成,团队希望它在不久的将来进入市场。所以答案为B项(它将很快到达消费者手里)。A:它将是环保的;C:它将用塑料制造。此项为干扰项,用塑料制造是事实,但不是将来发生的事;D:它将有助于加速打字。
8.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:这篇文章最有可能来自哪里 文章介绍了一种新的保护电子隐私空间的设备——智能键盘,并且希望产品能很快走进市场。本文语言客观严谨,属于科普类文章,故答案为D项:杂志。A:日记;B:指导手册;C:小说。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容为介绍表情符号与工作场所交流。文章介绍了表情符号的几个优点。本文旨在培养学生的逻辑分析和语言能力。
1.D 过渡句。these是对上一句中messaging platforms的指代,the popularity照应下一句中76 percent of employees...are using emojis at work。故D项是最佳选项。
2.A 细节句。上一句说使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情,让意图清楚,设空处进一步讲述表情符号的功能。故选A项(使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更具有会话性)。
3.G 细节句。本段首句表明雇员的年龄范围从22到70及以上,找到一个共同的交流方式可能是个挑战。设空处具体解释应对挑战的方法。故选G项。
4.B 细节句。这一段阐明表情符号在语气中的作用。上一句为电子邮件如此令人烦恼,设空处衔接上文,甚至正式的电子邮件也会冰冷和不友好。故选B项。
5.F 主旨句。根据设空处位置可以推测此处为主旨句,是对文章的概括。 研究表明更为友好的交流有助于建立更快乐的工作氛围。 后面的并列分句说明表情符号就会产生那个积极的效果。因此,F项是最佳选项。
原句 While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). 分析 本句是一个主从复合句。 While引导让步状语从句;for those...是介词短语作状语,used to working with traditional tools like email是过去分词短语作those的后置定语。 句意 尽管年轻一代更喜欢面对面交流,然而对于那些习惯使用电子邮件这样的传统工具的人来说,聊天平台可能像一个不断学习的曲线。
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