Unit 6 Space and beyond
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
简化与合并(2)
1．使用词组代替整句或者从句。
Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past.Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.
→Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.
2．使用概括性的词代替具体的词。
She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks.She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.
→She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.
3．运用主从复合句合并信息：主从复合句即我们常用的名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句。可根据信息的不同作用选择不同的从句进行合并信息。
We'll also spend some fun time together, singing, dancing and playing games.We hope it will make them happy.
→We'll also spend some fun time together，which we hope will make them happy.
4．运用同位语合并信息：对人物、事物、地点做出解释的信息可采用在名词后面插入同位语的方式合并。
Li is a new student.He comes from a southern province.He speaks a dialect.We find it hard to understand his dialect.
→Li，a new student from a southern province, speaks a dialect which is hard for us to understanD．
小试牛刀
1．Dairy cows were raised on the farm, which was located 200 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote.
→The_dairy_farm_was_located_in_a_remote_area,_200_kilometers_from_the_nearest_university.
2．In the fall, not only did the cows have to be milked, but also the hay was mowed by my grandfather's family.
→In_the_fall,_my_grandfather's_family_not_only_milked_the_cow_but_also_mowed_the_hay.
3．Although a lot of people were strongly against it, three more nuclear power stations were built.
→Another_three_nuclear_power_stations_were_built_despite_the_strong_opposition.
4．Besides, one has to consider whom he is spending the holiday with.
→Another_consideration_is_the_companion.
5．A private American organization called Population Action International (PAL)has just conducted a study and says more than 335 million people, who mostly live in poor areas, do not have enough water for daily life and work.
→According_to_a_study,_more_than_335_million_people,_mostly_living_in_poor_areas,_are_suffering_from_water_shortage.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型 记叙文
主题语境 人与自然——检验学业的前沿阵地——航天员的细菌问题
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·D)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem It's turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport，New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案).“We don't give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold，a project manager.
“There are no tests，” Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal？’ Basically, it's ‘I've got to produce this product and then，at the end of the year, present it to NASA．’ Engineers come and really do an in person review, anD．..it's not a very nice thing at times.It's a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I don't teach.” And that annoying bacteria Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
1．What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station
A．They are hard to get rid of.
B．They lead to air pollution.
C．They appear in different forms.
D．They damage the instruments.
2．What is the purpose of the HUNCH program
A．To strengthen teacher student relationships.
B．To sharpen students' communication skills.
C．To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D．To link space technology with school education.
3．What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program
A．Check their product.
B．Guide project designs.
C．Adjust work schedules.
D．Grade their homework.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．NASA: The Home of Astronauts
B．Space: The Final Homework Frontier
C．Nature: An Outdoor Classroom
D．HUNCH：A College Admission Reform
B
语篇类型 广告类的应用文
主题语境 人与社会——航天航空工业——活动培训体验
(2018·北京卷·B)
Find Your Adventure at the
Space and Aviation (航空) Center
If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center(SAC)is the place to be.The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands－on tasks and lots of fun.
More than 750，000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions.They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real world applications for what they're studying in the classroom.
For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章).At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the worlD．The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱)of a variety of flight simulators.Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water and land survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot.
With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.
All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18.Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.
Stay an hour or stay a week—there is something here for everyone!
For more details, please visit us online at www.oursaC．com.
5．Why do people come to SAC
A．To experience adventures.
B．To look for jobs in aviation.
C．To get a degree in engineering.
D．To learn more about medicine.
6．To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to ______．
A．fly to space
B．get an Aviation badge first
C．study the principles of flight
D．build and fire model rockets
7．What is the most important for trainees
A．Leadership. B．Team spirit.
C．Task planning. D．Survival skills.
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与自我——完善自我——给自己一个全新的开始的方法
Easy Ways to Give Yourself a Fresh Start
It doesn't need to be complicated or challenging to turn a fresh page on each new day.
Whenever we mark a new year—by turning the calendar，returning to school or celebrating a holiday—we are looking for a fresh start.1.________ But how Here are some easy ways to connect with that feeling of starting fresh，whether it's a new year or simply a new day in our life.
2．________ This means you have realized what serves your life now and what can stay in your past.Or invest in a new pen and a new notebook.Having fresh supplies can simulate even the common task of creating your to do list.
Moreover，you can learn something new by opening a book you've been expecting to read，searching a question that's been in your mind，enrolling in a class that motivates your interest.Of course you can simply ask a friend for a fresh idea about an issue.3.________．
Take a break from technology for an hour，a day，or a week.4.________ You should be able to put some space between yourself and digital devices.
One reason why we sometimes struggle to start fresh is that you get stuck with reflecting on worrisome thoughts about the past，the present or even the future.5.________ Allow these thoughts into your day only at a brief (30 minutes or less)，specific time.The rest of the time，focus on what you are doing that's new and positive.
How do you give yourself that “fresh start” feeling
A．Electronic products might not be serving you best.
B．Newness or freshness can guide us on a positive path.
C．Limit your daily “worry time” and make an appointment with yourself.
D．All of us enjoy newness，but what is it that leads to a sense of freshness
E．Realizing your past mistakes，you should move forward with enthusiasm.
F．Increasing your knowledge on any topic means taking your mind into a fresh areA．
G．First，even letting go of a single box or bag of items can give you a refreshing sense.
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——社会生活——地铁车厢里将禁止吃喝
(2021·成都市高三期中测试) Eating and drinking in subway cars has long been a controversial issue in ChinA．While many have expressed annoyance 1.________ the sight of someone eating food in subway cars，quite a few people support the right to chew 2.________ (noisy)on snacks during the trip to work or school.
The debate recently arrived at 3.________(it) final destination when the Ministry of Transport introduced a new regulation last week that bans passengers nationwide，with the exception of 4.________(baby)and people with certain medical conditions，from eating or drinking in subway cars.
The policy 5.________(schedule)to take effect on April 1 along with some new rules that will forbid passengers from playing music or videos on speakers，or 6.________ (lie) down on seats in subway cars.
Zhang Han，7.________ 18 year old girl，recalled that a female passenger was seen recently on the subway in Nanjing 8.________(fine) for eating traditional street fooD．
“At first，I felt sorry for the girl，” she saiD．“Most people were simply 9.________(aware) of such a food ban before.”
Now that a national ban is in the pipeline (在准备中)，she said she supported the ideA．“The subway car is a public space.No food should be allowed，10.________ or not it gives off a strong smell.”
PAGE
8Unit 6 Space and beyond
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
简化与合并(2)
1．使用词组代替整句或者从句。
Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past.Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.
→Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.
2．使用概括性的词代替具体的词。
She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks.She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.
→She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.
3．运用主从复合句合并信息：主从复合句即我们常用的名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句。可根据信息的不同作用选择不同的从句进行合并信息。
We'll also spend some fun time together, singing, dancing and playing games.We hope it will make them happy.
→We'll also spend some fun time together，which we hope will make them happy.
4．运用同位语合并信息：对人物、事物、地点做出解释的信息可采用在名词后面插入同位语的方式合并。
Li is a new student.He comes from a southern province.He speaks a dialect.We find it hard to understand his dialect.
→Li，a new student from a southern province, speaks a dialect which is hard for us to understanD．
小试牛刀
1．Dairy cows were raised on the farm, which was located 200 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote.
→The_dairy_farm_was_located_in_a_remote_area,_200_kilometers_from_the_nearest_university.
2．In the fall, not only did the cows have to be milked, but also the hay was mowed by my grandfather's family.
→In_the_fall,_my_grandfather's_family_not_only_milked_the_cow_but_also_mowed_the_hay.
3．Although a lot of people were strongly against it, three more nuclear power stations were built.
→Another_three_nuclear_power_stations_were_built_despite_the_strong_opposition.
4．Besides, one has to consider whom he is spending the holiday with.
→Another_consideration_is_the_companion.
5．A private American organization called Population Action International (PAL)has just conducted a study and says more than 335 million people, who mostly live in poor areas, do not have enough water for daily life and work.
→According_to_a_study,_more_than_335_million_people,_mostly_living_in_poor_areas,_are_suffering_from_water_shortage.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型 记叙文
主题语境 人与自然——检验学业的前沿阵地——航天员的细菌问题
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·D)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem It's turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport，New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案).“We don't give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold，a project manager.
“There are no tests，” Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal？’ Basically, it's ‘I've got to produce this product and then，at the end of the year, present it to NASA．’ Engineers come and really do an in person review, anD．..it's not a very nice thing at times.It's a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I don't teach.” And that annoying bacteria Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
文章大意：困扰着美国航天员的细菌问题会如何解决？这一问题求助于一群学生。Gordon领导的学生们一直忙于解决零重力下的细菌问题，他们没有别的作业，一直忙于他们的目标，帮助航天员解决细菌的问题。他们每天都通过HUNCH项目和航天员联系，准备在太空检测可行的解决方法。
1．What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station
A．They are hard to get rid of.
B．They lead to air pollution.
C．They appear in different forms.
D．They damage the instruments.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段的第二句．..grow uncontrollably...，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.可推知细菌在太空很难除去。
2．What is the purpose of the HUNCH program
A．To strengthen teacher student relationships.
B．To sharpen students' communication skills.
C．To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D．To link space technology with school education.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段特别是第一句话可推知中学的课堂和美国国家航空和航天局的工程师通过HUNCH项目联合，再结合第四段的第一句话可知其目的是实现学校教育和太空科技的接轨，让学生更好地去进行研究。故选D项。
3．What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program
A．Check their product.
B．Guide project designs.
C．Adjust work schedules.
D．Grade their homework.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的I've got to produce this product and then，at the end of the year，present it to NASA．和最后一段的最后一句Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem，readying a workable solution to test in space.可知学生会把研究结果让工程师在太空检测，以验证他们的方法是否可行。故选A项。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．NASA: The Home of Astronauts
B．Space: The Final Homework Frontier
C．Nature: An Outdoor Classroom
D．HUNCH：A College Admission Reform
解析：B 主旨大意题。HUNCH项目将中学研究项目和美国国家航空和航天局的问题联系在一起，学生研究解决方法并在太空得以验证。故可称之为太空是检验学生研究项目的前沿阵地。故选B项。
B
语篇类型 广告类的应用文
主题语境 人与社会——航天航空工业——活动培训体验
(2018·北京卷·B)
Find Your Adventure at the
Space and Aviation (航空) Center
If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center(SAC)is the place to be.The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands－on tasks and lots of fun.
More than 750，000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions.They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real world applications for what they're studying in the classroom.
For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章).At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the worlD．The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱)of a variety of flight simulators.Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water and land survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot.
With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.
All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18.Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.
Stay an hour or stay a week—there is something here for everyone!
For more details, please visit us online at www.oursaC．com.
文章大意：本文是一篇广告类的应用文，向读者介绍了航天航空中心(SAC)，说明了参加该中心培训项目的益处、适合参加的年龄段人群、以及了解更多信息的方式等。
5．Why do people come to SAC
A．To experience adventures.
B．To look for jobs in aviation.
C．To get a degree in engineering.
D．To learn more about medicine.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据首句可知航天航空中心(SAC)是一个能够为你提供独特冒险经历的地方，因此选A。第二段提到从该中心毕业的很多人都可以在工程师行业、航空、教育、医学等领域找到工作，这是参加培训者可得到的益处之一，并非来此处的目的。因此可排除其他选项。
6．To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to ______．
A．fly to space
B．get an Aviation badge first
C．study the principles of flight
D．build and fire model rockets
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated flying to space with the crew from all over the worlD．”可知应选D。
7．What is the most important for trainees
A．Leadership. B．Team spirit.
C．Task planning. D．Survival skills.
解析：B 细节理解题。 根据第四段的内容可知对培训者来说团队精神是关键的，因此选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与自我——完善自我——给自己一个全新的开始的方法
Easy Ways to Give Yourself a Fresh Start
It doesn't need to be complicated or challenging to turn a fresh page on each new day.
Whenever we mark a new year—by turning the calendar，returning to school or celebrating a holiday—we are looking for a fresh start.1.________ But how Here are some easy ways to connect with that feeling of starting fresh，whether it's a new year or simply a new day in our life.
2．________ This means you have realized what serves your life now and what can stay in your past.Or invest in a new pen and a new notebook.Having fresh supplies can simulate even the common task of creating your to do list.
Moreover，you can learn something new by opening a book you've been expecting to read，searching a question that's been in your mind，enrolling in a class that motivates your interest.Of course you can simply ask a friend for a fresh idea about an issue.3.________．
Take a break from technology for an hour，a day，or a week.4.________ You should be able to put some space between yourself and digital devices.
One reason why we sometimes struggle to start fresh is that you get stuck with reflecting on worrisome thoughts about the past，the present or even the future.5.________ Allow these thoughts into your day only at a brief (30 minutes or less)，specific time.The rest of the time，focus on what you are doing that's new and positive.
How do you give yourself that “fresh start” feeling
A．Electronic products might not be serving you best.
B．Newness or freshness can guide us on a positive path.
C．Limit your daily “worry time” and make an appointment with yourself.
D．All of us enjoy newness，but what is it that leads to a sense of freshness
E．Realizing your past mistakes，you should move forward with enthusiasm.
F．Increasing your knowledge on any topic means taking your mind into a fresh areA．
G．First，even letting go of a single box or bag of items can give you a refreshing sense.
文章大意：本文主要介绍了几种给自己一个全新的开始的方法。
1．解析：B 根据语境可知，本空是一个过渡句。由空前一句中的人们寻找一个全新的开始和下文要提供全新开始的方法的表述可知，该句讲的应是全新开始的好处，所以选B选项。
2．解析：G 根据空后一句中的“have realized what serves your life now and what can stay in your past”可知，G项中的“letting go”和“give you a refreshing sense”与之呼应，所以选G选项。
3．解析：F 本段主要讲了学习一些新知识的途径，F项“增长关于任何话题的知识意味着将你的思想带到一个新的领域”是对本段的总结，所以选F选项。
4．解析：A 本空的前后句讲到了科技和电子设备，本句应该也是与科技或电子设备相关的内容，所以选A选项。
5．解析：C 本空是一个过渡句。空前一句中提到了“worrisome thoughts”，空后一句提到“Allow these thoughts...specific time”，所以本句讲的应该是与担忧时间相关的内容，C选项中的“worry time”与之呼应，所以选C选项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——社会生活——地铁车厢里将禁止吃喝
(2021·成都市高三期中测试) Eating and drinking in subway cars has long been a controversial issue in ChinA．While many have expressed annoyance 1.________ the sight of someone eating food in subway cars，quite a few people support the right to chew 2.________ (noisy)on snacks during the trip to work or school.
The debate recently arrived at 3.________(it) final destination when the Ministry of Transport introduced a new regulation last week that bans passengers nationwide，with the exception of 4.________(baby)and people with certain medical conditions，from eating or drinking in subway cars.
The policy 5.________(schedule)to take effect on April 1 along with some new rules that will forbid passengers from playing music or videos on speakers，or 6.________ (lie) down on seats in subway cars.
Zhang Han，7.________ 18 year old girl，recalled that a female passenger was seen recently on the subway in Nanjing 8.________(fine) for eating traditional street fooD．
“At first，I felt sorry for the girl，” she saiD．“Most people were simply 9.________(aware) of such a food ban before.”
Now that a national ban is in the pipeline (在准备中)，she said she supported the ideA．“The subway car is a public space.No food should be allowed，10.________ or not it gives off a strong smell.”
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一项针对地铁车厢里乘客吃喝问题的规定——在全国各地将禁止除了婴儿和患病人群之外的乘客在车厢里吃喝，并讲述了一个18岁的女孩对此规定的看法。
1．解析：at 考查介词。此处表示对看到地铁车厢里有人吃东西表示厌烦，故用介词at。at the sight of表示“看到”，是固定用法。
2．解析：noisily 考查副词。此处应用副词noisily修饰动词chew。
3．解析：its 考查代词。此处指关于这个问题的争论最近有了最终结果。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词destination。
4．解析：babies 考查名词的单复数。此处指在全国各地将禁止除了婴儿和患病人群之外的乘客在车厢里吃喝，根据语境可知，此处指的婴儿不止一个，故应用名词的复数形式。
5．解析：is scheduled 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处指这项规定预计在4月1号生效，是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；又因主语The policy 与schedule之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数，故填is scheduled。
6．解析：lying 考查非谓语动词。此处和该句中的playing并列，作介词from的宾语，应用动名词形式lying，指禁止乘客躺在座位上。
7．解析：an 考查冠词。此处泛指一个18岁的女孩，且18 year old的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。
8．解析：to be fined 考查固定用法。此处表示一位女乘客被看见罚款了，考查固定用法be seen to do sth.，又因此处表示被罚款，故填to be fined。
9．解析：unaware 考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示大多数人之前确实不知道这个食物禁令，故填unaware“不知道”。
10．解析：whether 考查状语从句。句意：不应允许在地铁车厢里面吃东西，无论它是否散发出强烈的气味。故填whether。
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