Unit 6 Nurturing nature
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
描写天气状况
一、多样表达
1．rainy adj. 下雨的，多雨的
2．stormy adj. 有暴风雨的；有风暴的
3．snow n. 雪
4．sunshine n. 阳光
5．violent adj. 猛烈的， 狂暴的
6．breeze n. 微风
7．a rainy season 多雨的季节
8．a stormy night 暴风雨之夜
9．continuous/constant rains 连绵不断的雨
10．in the blinding rain 在茫茫大雨中
11．be buried in snow 深埋在雪中
12．be unbearably hot 难以忍受地热
13．in the warm spring sunshine 在春天温暖的阳光里
14．clear up 放晴了
15．fierce/heavy/violent storms 狂风暴雨
二、佳句观摩
1．A cool breeze blew through the park.
一阵寒风吹过公园。
2．The sky is overcast now, but I think it will clear up soon.
现在天色阴沉，不过我想天马上就会转晴的。
3．Nobody is to go out on such a stormy night.
没有人愿意在这样一个暴风雨之夜出门。
4．His body was buried in snow, but his head was sticking out.
他的身体被大雪掩埋，但是头部还露在外面。
5．By the evening it had become unbearably hot.
到了晚上天气已热得无法忍受。
6．In the warm spring, why not talk something warm
在这个温暖的春天里，不如让我们聊聊温馨的话题。
三、佳句仿写
1．By three o'clock, the_rain_had_stopped and the gray sky was burdened with lumps of clouds.
到三点时，雨停了，灰色的天空阴云密布。
2．Very few people ventured to go out on_that_stormy_night．
在那个风雨交加的夜晚，很少有人敢出去。
3．Snow_covered_everything from horizon to horizon.
大雪覆盖了视野范围内的一切。
4．She sat on the wall, enjoying_the_spring_sunshine．
她坐在墙头上，享受着春日的阳光。
5．The sun shone fiercely down and it_grew_hotter_and_hotter．
烈日当空，天越来越热。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——社会生活——商旅们在丝绸之路上可能面临的危险
(2021·南昌市重点中学高三模拟) The Silk Road is arguably the most famous long distance trade route of the ancient worlD．This passage connected Europe in the West with China in the East，and allowed the exchange of goods，technology，and ideas between the two civilizations.Although merchants could make huge profits traveling on the road，it was not without risk.
The main Silk Road started in Chang'an (known today as Xi'an)，the early Han dynasty's capital.Travelers commencing their journey from this city could take a northern route that would take them across China's northwestern provinces.After this，they would face the Gobi Desert，arguably the greatest danger of the Silk RoaD．
The Gobi Desert，the largest desert in Asia，consists mainly of rocky，hard earth.This feature made it easier for traders to travel across，compared to sandy deserts like the neighboring Taklimakan Desert.Like other deserts，the Gobi Desert is dry and hot，and therefore the biggest challenge travelers faced was obtaining enough water for themselves as well as for their camels.
So，rest stops were created along the route，allowing travelers to rest，eat and drink.These places also promoted the exchange of goods，and even ideas，amongst the travelers who stopped there.Usually，the rest stops were placed within a day's journey of each other.In this way，travelers could avoid spending too much time in the desert，which would make them be targets for robbers，another danger of the Silk RoaD．
Once through the Gobi Desert，travelers would continue their journey into Iran，Turkey，and finally Europe.While this part of the journey may have been less dangerous，it is not entirely without peril.
1．The underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refers to ________．
A．making huge profits
B．traveling on the Silk Road
C．exchanging goods and ideas
D．connecting different civilizations
2．Why was the Gobi Desert easier to cross than other deserts
A．The desert's surface was easier to walk on.
B．Camels for transportation were easier to finD．
C．It was smaller and could be crossed in less time.
D．There were more natural water sources available.
3．What can we guess about the rest stops in the Gobi Desert
A．They offered travelers free accommodation.
B．They were located around the edges of the desert.
C．Travelers staying there were often attacked by criminals.
D．They were shared by travelers from different countries.
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．The origins of the Silk RoaD．
B．The benefits of the Silk RoaD．
C．The difficulties faced by Silk Road travelers.
D．The cultural exchanges among Silk Road travelers.
B
语篇类型 记叙文
主题语境 人与自我——自强自信——阅读困难的孩子最终成为一名成功作家的故事
(2020·海淀高三适应性测试) One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem—inability to reaD．
In the library, I found my way into the “Children's Room”．I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a chilD．He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle.
There on the book's cover was a beagle which looked identical to my dog.I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.My eyes ran across the title，“Amos, the Beagle with a Plan.”Unknowingly, I had read the title.Without opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer.
Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos.I read very, very slowly with difficulty.Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home.That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.
My mother's call returned me to the real worlD．I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I could not reaD．But I had read it.Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.
I never told my mother about my “miraculous” (奇迹般的)experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction.The power of the words has helD．
5．The author's mother told him to borrow a book in order to ________．
A．encourage him to do more walking
B．let him spend a meaningful summer
C．help cure him of his reading problem
D．make him learn more about weapons
6．The book caught the author's eye because________．
A．it reminded him of his own dog
B．he found its title easy to understand
C．it contained pretty pictures of animals
D．he liked children's stories very much
7．Why could the author manage to read the book through
A．He was forced by his mother to read it.
B．He identified with the story in the book.
C．The book told the story of his pet dog.
D．The happy ending of the story attracted him.
8．Which one could be the best title of the passage
A．My Passion for Reading
B．Mum's Strict Order
C．Reunion with My Beagle
D．The Charm of a Book
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——体育——体育课的变化
In some US states，gym class is changing.Many schools are focusing on getting students ready for life after high school.They are looking for ways to leave even the least athletic kids with the will and skills to keep moving.For gym teachers，that means less focus on who is best at a sport.It means less rope climbing and dodgeball(躲球游戏).1.________
A New Model
In one New York school district，there is no “gym”class.2.________They include dance，self defense and rock climbing.They also include mountain biking，inline skating，and boating.
“We want our kids to be active for life，”said Ron WhitcomB．He manages the physical education，or PE programs for the Victor school district in New York.
A US law passed in 2015 increased the importance of health and fitness in education.It also gave more funding(资金) to PE programs.
Whitcomb's program started before that law was passeD．3.________ Connecticut，Vermont and Michigan are all planning to improve PE's place in their schools.
Outside the Gym
Tracy Krause teaches PE in Washington State.For a few years，she has taken students fly fishing and rock climbing.4.________It combines PE，English，and science into one program.“We want kids to leave with a plan for the future，” Krause saiD．“I think the same needs are true about their health.”
Lifelong Skills
In Washington，D．C．，all second graders learn to ride bikes.Fourth and seventh graders learn parkour(跑酷).Parkour teaches students to jump，climb and roll in the fastest way they can.Sixth graders learn how to read a compass.High schoolers swim.5.________
Teachers hope to keep students liking，not hating，PE.That means finding sports or activities they enjoy.
A．They are also cutting back on team sports.
B．It means more bike riding and outdoor hikes.
C．Other schools are now following his program.
D．Instead there is a list of different fitness classes.
E．The school district's goal is to teach lifelong skills.
F．She is part of her school's “Outdoor Academy” program.
G．Kids who are not as athletic sometimes hate playing team sports.
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——文化——俄罗斯现代书法博物馆
The Contemporary Museum of Calligraphy(书法)contains many art pieces including Arabic，Chinese，1.________ (Europe)，Indian，Japanese and Slavic calligraphic works.
“One of the most interesting 2.________(item) in the museum is a book of calligraphic works on the 36 military tactics (战术) applied during wars in ancient China，”Alexey Shaburov，founder and keeper of the museum，3.________ (tell) a group of reporters from China on November 24.
The giant book is exhibited in a large glass case.Shaburov took it out to show some of 4.________(it) content.Each tactic，5.________ is usually expressed in four Chinese characters，is written on one page and accompanied by a Russian translation on another page.The tactics represent the 6.________(wise)of Chinese people.They are not only useful on the battlefield 7.________ also useful for business and personal life.
He said he became crazy about calligraphy，so he decided 8.________(establish)a calligraphic museum in Moscow.The museum has played 9.________important role in promoting calligraphy in RussiA．“Calligraphy wasn't seen as an art form in RussiA．But this year，some of the artworks from our museum were made a part of the non public section of the Russian museum collection，” Shaburov said，10.________(add) that this means that calligraphic works are acknowledged as cultural heritage and will be protected in RussiA．
PAGE
8Unit 6 Nurturing nature
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
描写天气状况
一、多样表达
1．rainy adj. 下雨的，多雨的
2．stormy adj. 有暴风雨的；有风暴的
3．snow n. 雪
4．sunshine n. 阳光
5．violent adj. 猛烈的， 狂暴的
6．breeze n. 微风
7．a rainy season 多雨的季节
8．a stormy night 暴风雨之夜
9．continuous/constant rains 连绵不断的雨
10．in the blinding rain 在茫茫大雨中
11．be buried in snow 深埋在雪中
12．be unbearably hot 难以忍受地热
13．in the warm spring sunshine 在春天温暖的阳光里
14．clear up 放晴了
15．fierce/heavy/violent storms 狂风暴雨
二、佳句观摩
1．A cool breeze blew through the park.
一阵寒风吹过公园。
2．The sky is overcast now, but I think it will clear up soon.
现在天色阴沉，不过我想天马上就会转晴的。
3．Nobody is to go out on such a stormy night.
没有人愿意在这样一个暴风雨之夜出门。
4．His body was buried in snow, but his head was sticking out.
他的身体被大雪掩埋，但是头部还露在外面。
5．By the evening it had become unbearably hot.
到了晚上天气已热得无法忍受。
6．In the warm spring, why not talk something warm
在这个温暖的春天里，不如让我们聊聊温馨的话题。
三、佳句仿写
1．By three o'clock, the_rain_had_stopped and the gray sky was burdened with lumps of clouds.
到三点时，雨停了，灰色的天空阴云密布。
2．Very few people ventured to go out on_that_stormy_night．
在那个风雨交加的夜晚，很少有人敢出去。
3．Snow_covered_everything from horizon to horizon.
大雪覆盖了视野范围内的一切。
4．She sat on the wall, enjoying_the_spring_sunshine．
她坐在墙头上，享受着春日的阳光。
5．The sun shone fiercely down and it_grew_hotter_and_hotter．
烈日当空，天越来越热。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——社会生活——商旅们在丝绸之路上可能面临的危险
(2021·南昌市重点中学高三模拟) The Silk Road is arguably the most famous long distance trade route of the ancient worlD．This passage connected Europe in the West with China in the East，and allowed the exchange of goods，technology，and ideas between the two civilizations.Although merchants could make huge profits traveling on the road，it was not without risk.
The main Silk Road started in Chang'an (known today as Xi'an)，the early Han dynasty's capital.Travelers commencing their journey from this city could take a northern route that would take them across China's northwestern provinces.After this，they would face the Gobi Desert，arguably the greatest danger of the Silk RoaD．
The Gobi Desert，the largest desert in Asia，consists mainly of rocky，hard earth.This feature made it easier for traders to travel across，compared to sandy deserts like the neighboring Taklimakan Desert.Like other deserts，the Gobi Desert is dry and hot，and therefore the biggest challenge travelers faced was obtaining enough water for themselves as well as for their camels.
So，rest stops were created along the route，allowing travelers to rest，eat and drink.These places also promoted the exchange of goods，and even ideas，amongst the travelers who stopped there.Usually，the rest stops were placed within a day's journey of each other.In this way，travelers could avoid spending too much time in the desert，which would make them be targets for robbers，another danger of the Silk RoaD．
Once through the Gobi Desert，travelers would continue their journey into Iran，Turkey，and finally Europe.While this part of the journey may have been less dangerous，it is not entirely without peril.
文章大意：作为古代应该是最出名的商道，丝绸之路让商人们可以经此挣钱，但也伴随着种种风险。
1．The underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refers to ________．
A．making huge profits
B．traveling on the Silk Road
C．exchanging goods and ideas
D．connecting different civilizations
解析：B 考查代词指代。本句是一个主从复合句，前半句为让步状语从句，前后形成转折，表示尽管穿行丝绸之路的商人可以获得高收益，但这也不是没有危险的，且下文讲到的危险也都与行走在丝绸之路上相关，所以it指代的应该是“行走在丝绸之路上”，故选B。
2．Why was the Gobi Desert easier to cross than other deserts
A．The desert's surface was easier to walk on.
B．Camels for transportation were easier to finD．
C．It was smaller and could be crossed in less time.
D．There were more natural water sources available.
解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The Gobi Desert，the largest desert in Asia，consists mainly of rocky，hard earth.This feature made it easier for traders to travel across”可知，戈壁滩之所以较好穿越是由于其地面较为坚硬、好走，故选A。
3．What can we guess about the rest stops in the Gobi Desert
A．They offered travelers free accommodation.
B．They were located around the edges of the desert.
C．Travelers staying there were often attacked by criminals.
D．They were shared by travelers from different countries.
解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“These places also promoted the exchange of goods，and even ideas，amongst the travelers who stopped there.”可推知，休息处接待来自不同国家的旅客，故选D。
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．The origins of the Silk RoaD．
B．The benefits of the Silk RoaD．
C．The difficulties faced by Silk Road travelers.
D．The cultural exchanges among Silk Road travelers.
解析：C 考查主旨大意。根据文章结构可知，作者在第一段给出了中心句“Although merchants could make huge profits traveling on the road，it was not without risk.”，在中间几段讲述了商旅们在戈壁滩上面临的困难以及其他危险，最后一段再次强调即使过了戈壁滩，但还有其他危险等待着他们，故选C。
B
语篇类型 记叙文
主题语境 人与自我——自强自信——阅读困难的孩子最终成为一名成功作家的故事
(2020·海淀高三适应性测试) One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem—inability to reaD．
In the library, I found my way into the “Children's Room”．I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a chilD．He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle.
There on the book's cover was a beagle which looked identical to my dog.I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.My eyes ran across the title，“Amos, the Beagle with a Plan.”Unknowingly, I had read the title.Without opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer.
Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos.I read very, very slowly with difficulty.Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home.That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.
My mother's call returned me to the real worlD．I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I could not reaD．But I had read it.Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.
I never told my mother about my “miraculous” (奇迹般的)experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction.The power of the words has helD．
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者从一名阅读困难的孩子到最终成为一名成功的作家的故事，告诉我们书本的神奇魅力。
5．The author's mother told him to borrow a book in order to ________．
A．encourage him to do more walking
B．let him spend a meaningful summer
C．help cure him of his reading problem
D．make him learn more about weapons
解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句 “This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem—inability to reaD．”可知， 母亲让他借书看是为了治愈他的阅读问题，故选C。
6．The book caught the author's eye because________．
A．it reminded him of his own dog
B．he found its title easy to understand
C．it contained pretty pictures of animals
D．he liked children's stories very much
解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段 “The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a chilD．”可知， 此本书引起作者注意的原因，是这本书让他想起了他的狗，故选A。
7．Why could the author manage to read the book through
A．He was forced by his mother to read it.
B．He identified with the story in the book.
C．The book told the story of his pet dog.
D．The happy ending of the story attracted him.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第四段 “That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.” 可知， 作者感同身受地把自己与书本的主人公联系在一起，故选B。
8．Which one could be the best title of the passage
A．My Passion for Reading
B．Mum's Strict Order
C．Reunion with My Beagle
D．The Charm of a Book
解析：D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要说的是一本书给作者带来了奇迹般的转变，因此 “书的魔力”为文章的最佳标题，故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——体育——体育课的变化
In some US states，gym class is changing.Many schools are focusing on getting students ready for life after high school.They are looking for ways to leave even the least athletic kids with the will and skills to keep moving.For gym teachers，that means less focus on who is best at a sport.It means less rope climbing and dodgeball(躲球游戏).1.________
A New Model
In one New York school district，there is no “gym”class.2.________They include dance，self defense and rock climbing.They also include mountain biking，inline skating，and boating.
“We want our kids to be active for life，”said Ron WhitcomB．He manages the physical education，or PE programs for the Victor school district in New York.
A US law passed in 2015 increased the importance of health and fitness in education.It also gave more funding(资金) to PE programs.
Whitcomb's program started before that law was passeD．3.________ Connecticut，Vermont and Michigan are all planning to improve PE's place in their schools.
Outside the Gym
Tracy Krause teaches PE in Washington State.For a few years，she has taken students fly fishing and rock climbing.4.________It combines PE，English，and science into one program.“We want kids to leave with a plan for the future，” Krause saiD．“I think the same needs are true about their health.”
Lifelong Skills
In Washington，D．C．，all second graders learn to ride bikes.Fourth and seventh graders learn parkour(跑酷).Parkour teaches students to jump，climb and roll in the fastest way they can.Sixth graders learn how to read a compass.High schoolers swim.5.________
Teachers hope to keep students liking，not hating，PE.That means finding sports or activities they enjoy.
A．They are also cutting back on team sports.
B．It means more bike riding and outdoor hikes.
C．Other schools are now following his program.
D．Instead there is a list of different fitness classes.
E．The school district's goal is to teach lifelong skills.
F．She is part of her school's “Outdoor Academy” program.
G．Kids who are not as athletic sometimes hate playing team sports.
文章大意：美国的一些州对体育课进行了改革，其目的是让学生学会终身使用的技能，所以其体育活动不限于室内运动，还包括攀岩、山地自行车运动等。
1．解析：B 根据空处前两句“For gym teachers，that means less focus on who is best at a sport.It means less rope climbing and dodgeball(躲球游戏).”可知，对于体育老师来说，这意味着较少关注谁最擅长一项运动；还意味着较少进行爬绳项目和躲球游戏。据此可知，空处应与此对应，应是继续说明体育课变化的方面，故B项“这意味着较多进行骑自行车和户外徒步旅行活动”符合语境。
2．解析：D 根据空处前一句“In one New York school district，there is no‘gym'class.”可知，在纽约的一个校区，没有“体育课”；又根据空处后两句“They include dance...and boating.”可知，空处应是说明有许多不同的运动课，故D项符合语境。
3．解析：C 根据空处前一句“Whitcomb's program started before that law was passeD．”可知，Whitcomb的方案在该法案通过之前就开始了。根据空处后一句“Connecticut，Vermont and Michigan are all planning to improve PE's place in their schools.”可知，这三个州都在计划着提高体育课在学校中的地位。据此可知，C项“其他学校也在仿效他的方案”衔接上下文，符合语境。
4．解析：F 根据空处前一句“For a few years，she has taken students fly fishing and rock climbing.”可知，几年来，体育老师Tracy Krause带学生去钓鱼和攀岩，由此可知，F项的内容与此处相衔接，其中的“program”与空后一句中的“one program”相呼应。
5．解析：E 根据该段标题Lifelong Skills，并结合空处上文中的“Parkour teaches students to jump，climb and roll in the fastest way they can.Sixth graders learn how to read a compass.High schoolers swim.”可知，这些活动项目有助于教学生学会终身使用的技能，故E项正确。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——文化——俄罗斯现代书法博物馆
The Contemporary Museum of Calligraphy(书法)contains many art pieces including Arabic，Chinese，1.________ (Europe)，Indian，Japanese and Slavic calligraphic works.
“One of the most interesting 2.________(item) in the museum is a book of calligraphic works on the 36 military tactics (战术) applied during wars in ancient China，”Alexey Shaburov，founder and keeper of the museum，3.________ (tell) a group of reporters from China on November 24.
The giant book is exhibited in a large glass case.Shaburov took it out to show some of 4.________(it) content.Each tactic，5.________ is usually expressed in four Chinese characters，is written on one page and accompanied by a Russian translation on another page.The tactics represent the 6.________(wise)of Chinese people.They are not only useful on the battlefield 7.________ also useful for business and personal life.
He said he became crazy about calligraphy，so he decided 8.________(establish)a calligraphic museum in Moscow.The museum has played 9.________important role in promoting calligraphy in RussiA．“Calligraphy wasn't seen as an art form in RussiA．But this year，some of the artworks from our museum were made a part of the non public section of the Russian museum collection，” Shaburov said，10.________(add) that this means that calligraphic works are acknowledged as cultural heritage and will be protected in RussiA．
文章大意：该文主要介绍了在俄罗斯现代书法博物馆展出的一本有关中国古代被使用于战争中的三十六计的书法作品书籍，还介绍了通过该博物馆的努力，书法在俄罗斯得到了认可。
1．解析：European 考查词性转换。and前后为并列的形容词，共同修饰后面的名词短语calligraphic works，所以填European。
2．解析：items 考查名词的单复数。item“物品”为可数名词，根据空前的“One of”可知，此处应用item的复数形式，所以填items。
3．解析：told 考查时态。分析句子结构可知，此处是谓语，又根据时间状语“on November 24”和语境可知，此处表述的是发生在过去的事情，故应用一般过去时，所以填told。
4．解析：its 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语，修饰后面的名词content，所以填形容词性物主代词its。
5．解析：which 考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示物的先行词Each tactic，所以填which。
6．解析：wisdom 考查名词。根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，空处应为名词，所以填wisdom。
7．解析：but 考查固定用法。not only...but also...为固定用法，意为“不但……而且……”，符合语境，所以填but。
8．解析：to establish 考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth.为固定用法，意为“决定做某事”，所以填to establish。
9．解析：an 考查冠词。play a(n)...role为固定搭配，意为“发挥……的作用”，且important的发音以元音音素开头，所以填an。
10．解析：adding 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，said是句子的谓语，故此处应用非谓语动词形式，且Shaburov和add为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以填add的现在分词形式adding。
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