Unit 5 Learning from nature
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
同义名词(短语)的替换
一、多样表达
1．目标：goal → target, aim
2．难题：problem → issue
3．影响：influence → impact
4．机会：chance → opportunity
5．困难：difficulty → obstacle, barrier, challenge
6．老人：old people → the aged, the elderly
7．人：people → individual, person, human being
8．名声：fame → reputation, renown, prestige
9．优势：advantage → strength, benefit, merit
10．缺陷：disadvantage → drawback, downside, weakness
11．发展：development → advance, progress
12．干旱：with no rain at all → drought
13．身势语：body language → gesture
14．方法：way → method, approach
15．冒险：adventure → expedition
16．地区：place → zone, district, region, area
17．垃圾：rubbish → litter, trash
18．观点：view → belief, opinion
19．错误：mistake → error, fault
20．财富，财产：wealth → fortune, property
二、佳句观摩
1．It is important to have a clear goal in view.
→It is important to have a clear aim /target in view.
心中有明确的目标是十分重要的。
2．I finally had the chance to meet my hero.
→I finally had the opportunity to meet my hero.
我终于有机会见到我心目中的英雄了。
3．These problems are the result of years of bad management.
→These issues are the result of years of bad management.
这些问题是多年经营不善造成的后果。
4．You can chat with other people who are online.
→You can chat with other individuals/ persons/human beings who are online.
你可以和其他在线的人聊天。
5．Using the right body language helps you communicate more assertively.
→Using the right gesture helps you communicate more assertively.
使用正确的肢体语言会帮助你更有主张地交流．
三、佳句仿写
用同义词替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1．The advantages of this deal largely outweigh the disadvantages.
→The strengths/benefits/merits of this deal largely outweigh the_drawbacks/downsides/weaknesses．
这笔交易的利远远大于弊。
2．Generally speaking, old people find it difficult to cope with change.
→Generally speaking, the_aged/the_elderly find it difficult to cope with change.
一般说来，老人难以适应变化。
3．There are easier ways to encourage the even spread of wealth.
→There are easier methods/approaches to encourage the even spread of fortune/property．
有一些更简单的方法可以促进财富的平均分配。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与自然——宇宙奥秘——宇宙中的星系
GALAXIES OF THE UNIVERSE
Galaxies are huge groupings of stars，planets，gas，and dust.Our sun is in the Milky Way，which measures about 100，000 light years across.That long thin milky bright shape across the middle of the night sky is made up of about hundreds of billions of stars in our galaxy.Our galaxy is a spiral (螺旋式的) galaxy，but there are other types.The Milky Way is only one galaxy among a few hundred million galaxies in our universe(each with hundreds of billions of stars).
SPIRAL GALAXIES：There are galaxies that have spiral arms that emerge from the center.Our solar system is located on one of the arms of the Milky Way.Our galaxy has a huge black hole at its center that billions of stars revolve arounD．
ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES：There are galaxies shaped like a huge egg.The stars in these galaxies tend to be very olD．Furthermore，the old stars in elliptical galaxies tend to be yellow and reddish，which according to our understanding of stellar evolution，means they are smaller，dimmer stars.
IRREGULAR GALAXIES：There are many other shapes of galaxies that aren't spiral or elliptical.They all fit into the irregular category.They are smaller than spiral galaxies.Like the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds，they have rather unusual looking shapes.
1．Which is TRUE about the Milky Way
A．There are only stars inside it.
B．There is a black hole at its center.
C．It's the biggest spiral galaxy in the universe.
D．It takes 100，000 years to get there from Earth.
2．Which of the following is the main factor in categorizing galaxies
A．Shape.
B．Size.
C．The number of stars.
D．Distance from the sun.
3．Which of the following galaxies can be classified as an irregular galaxy
A．The Whale Galaxy—shaped like a whale and similar to the Milky Way in size.
B．Cygnus A (3C 405)—the brightest egg shape we can observe.
C．The Cigar Galaxy—a long and narrow galaxy that looks like an ashy clouD．
D．The Sunflower Galaxy—a galaxy with multiple arms radiating from its bright core.
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇类型 夹叙夹议文
主题语境 人与自然——自然生态——爱护宠物
(2021·山东省临沂市、枣庄市联合演练)When I was living alone in Santa Rosa, California, and running a business division for Intuit, my two cats Wiley and Wilbur were my family.We took care of one another, entertained one another, __1__annoyed one another, and __2__one another after all.Then, at only ten years old, Wilbur__3__cancer.
Letting go of Wilbur was painful, and I was when the time came to say __4__．Wiley, my other cat, was __5__too.He and Wilbur were best friends.He had always been happy and well adjusted, __6__he seemed lost after Wilbur's passing.Wiley and I grieved and healed together.
When people adopt a homeless pet, it's clear that they are saving the animal from homelessness，__7__animal companionship to their lives.They're obviously__8__a far better life for the animal.Time after time, people who adopt homeless pets find their own lives being__9__too.
That's just one of the__10__of adopting a homeless animal.And that's__11__ I created Mutual Rescue, an animal welfare initiative aimed at highlighting this special bond __12__ more homeless animals' lives can be __13__．I also wrote a book about the__14__animals have on our lives: Adopting a Homeless Animal Can Save You, Too.This book includes some of the beautiful, life changing stories I've __15__．
1．A．always B．occasionally
C．permanently D．usually
2．A．hated B．complained
C．adored D．disgusted
3．A．suffered from B．escaped from
C．recovered from D．got from
4．A．hello B．regret
C．sorry D．goodbye
5．A．warmhearted B．thrilled
C．scared D．heartbroken
6．A．so B．or
C．but D．thus
7．A．adding B．applying
C．adapting D．adjusting
8．A．equipping B．providing
C．contributing D．donating
9．A．disturbed B．disordered
C．saved D．challenged
10．A．troubles B．benefits
C．faults D．missions
11．A．when B．how
C．why D．where
12．A．so that B．in case
C．in that D．for fear that
13．A．exchanged B．transformed
C．interrupted D．transferred
14．A．disadvantage B．mercy
C．inspiration D．impact
15．A．encountered B．designed
C．invented D．facilitated
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150 左右。
(2021·山东师范大学附属中学第一次模拟)“Now, parents and students separate into two groups.You will be reunited at the end of the campus tour.”
Groups of incoming freshmen happily left their parents upon hearing this announcement.I was less than thrilled about starting college, let alone leaving my mother's side to tour the campus with other freshmen；I felt a little anxious.
We followed the senior tour guide.The other freshmen chatted and made casual introductions as I dragged behinD．How could I have believed I was ready for this After all, it had only been a few months since I left the hospital.I was feeling better for the first time in years.But college...
My thinking was interrupted by a sweet female voice, “Hi, I'm Jennifer.” “I'm Lauren，” I replieD．“Where do you prefer to live At home or on campus？” she smileD．“I'm not sure，” I saiD．“You should live on campus！It will be a lot of fun！” she saiD．Before I could reply, the tour guide announced it was time to create our schedules and select the courses we wanted to take.
We crowded into the Student Activity Center.Three seniors handed out thick course bulletins (课程公告)and forms that needed to be filled out.All around me, the sounds of turning papers and writing sounded like those given by an alarm clock.Others seemed to be moving through the process quickly but I hadn't even opened my course catalog(目录).
“Focus，”I told myself.“Just read through the catalog and find the courses you like and a schedule that works.”Psychology A or B, Geology 101, English, History, sections 1, 2, 3...The list went on and on.
I panicked and almost started to cry.How was I supposed to know how to complete it？I was just relearning how to live in the real world, and they wanted me to make a schedule.How I wished someone could help me.
PAGE
8Unit 5 Learning from nature
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
同义名词(短语)的替换
一、多样表达
1．目标：goal → target, aim
2．难题：problem → issue
3．影响：influence → impact
4．机会：chance → opportunity
5．困难：difficulty → obstacle, barrier, challenge
6．老人：old people → the aged, the elderly
7．人：people → individual, person, human being
8．名声：fame → reputation, renown, prestige
9．优势：advantage → strength, benefit, merit
10．缺陷：disadvantage → drawback, downside, weakness
11．发展：development → advance, progress
12．干旱：with no rain at all → drought
13．身势语：body language → gesture
14．方法：way → method, approach
15．冒险：adventure → expedition
16．地区：place → zone, district, region, area
17．垃圾：rubbish → litter, trash
18．观点：view → belief, opinion
19．错误：mistake → error, fault
20．财富，财产：wealth → fortune, property
二、佳句观摩
1．It is important to have a clear goal in view.
→It is important to have a clear aim /target in view.
心中有明确的目标是十分重要的。
2．I finally had the chance to meet my hero.
→I finally had the opportunity to meet my hero.
我终于有机会见到我心目中的英雄了。
3．These problems are the result of years of bad management.
→These issues are the result of years of bad management.
这些问题是多年经营不善造成的后果。
4．You can chat with other people who are online.
→You can chat with other individuals/ persons/human beings who are online.
你可以和其他在线的人聊天。
5．Using the right body language helps you communicate more assertively.
→Using the right gesture helps you communicate more assertively.
使用正确的肢体语言会帮助你更有主张地交流．
三、佳句仿写
用同义词替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1．The advantages of this deal largely outweigh the disadvantages.
→The strengths/benefits/merits of this deal largely outweigh the_drawbacks/downsides/weaknesses．
这笔交易的利远远大于弊。
2．Generally speaking, old people find it difficult to cope with change.
→Generally speaking, the_aged/the_elderly find it difficult to cope with change.
一般说来，老人难以适应变化。
3．There are easier ways to encourage the even spread of wealth.
→There are easier methods/approaches to encourage the even spread of fortune/property．
有一些更简单的方法可以促进财富的平均分配。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与自然——宇宙奥秘——宇宙中的星系
GALAXIES OF THE UNIVERSE
Galaxies are huge groupings of stars，planets，gas，and dust.Our sun is in the Milky Way，which measures about 100，000 light years across.That long thin milky bright shape across the middle of the night sky is made up of about hundreds of billions of stars in our galaxy.Our galaxy is a spiral (螺旋式的) galaxy，but there are other types.The Milky Way is only one galaxy among a few hundred million galaxies in our universe(each with hundreds of billions of stars).
SPIRAL GALAXIES：There are galaxies that have spiral arms that emerge from the center.Our solar system is located on one of the arms of the Milky Way.Our galaxy has a huge black hole at its center that billions of stars revolve arounD．
ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES：There are galaxies shaped like a huge egg.The stars in these galaxies tend to be very olD．Furthermore，the old stars in elliptical galaxies tend to be yellow and reddish，which according to our understanding of stellar evolution，means they are smaller，dimmer stars.
IRREGULAR GALAXIES：There are many other shapes of galaxies that aren't spiral or elliptical.They all fit into the irregular category.They are smaller than spiral galaxies.Like the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds，they have rather unusual looking shapes.
文章大意：本文主要介绍了银河系以及宇宙中的星系类别——旋涡星系、椭圆星系和不规则星系。
1．Which is TRUE about the Milky Way
A．There are only stars inside it.
B．There is a black hole at its center.
C．It's the biggest spiral galaxy in the universe.
D．It takes 100，000 years to get there from Earth.
解析：B 考查细节理解。根据SPIRAL GALAXIES中的“Our galaxy has a huge black hole at its center”可知，B选项正确。
2．Which of the following is the main factor in categorizing galaxies
A．Shape.
B．Size.
C．The number of stars.
D．Distance from the sun.
解析：A 考查推理判断。根据文中的SPIRAL GALAXIES, ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES和IRREGULAR GALAXIES可推知，区分星系类别的主要因素是形状，故选A。
3．Which of the following galaxies can be classified as an irregular galaxy
A．The Whale Galaxy—shaped like a whale and similar to the Milky Way in size.
B．Cygnus A (3C 405)—the brightest egg shape we can observe.
C．The Cigar Galaxy—a long and narrow galaxy that looks like an ashy clouD．
D．The Sunflower Galaxy—a galaxy with multiple arms radiating from its bright core.
解析：C 考查推理判断。本题问的是以下哪个星系可以归为不规则星系类别，根据IRREGULAR GALAXIES中不规则星系的定义，并根据选项中的“a long and narrow galaxy that looks like an ashy cloud”可知，雪茄星系不是椭圆形的，也不是螺旋形的，所以雪茄星系是一个不规则星系，故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇类型 夹叙夹议文
主题语境 人与自然——自然生态——爱护宠物
(2021·山东省临沂市、枣庄市联合演练)When I was living alone in Santa Rosa, California, and running a business division for Intuit, my two cats Wiley and Wilbur were my family.We took care of one another, entertained one another, __1__annoyed one another, and __2__one another after all.Then, at only ten years old, Wilbur__3__cancer.
Letting go of Wilbur was painful, and I was when the time came to say __4__．Wiley, my other cat, was __5__too.He and Wilbur were best friends.He had always been happy and well adjusted, __6__he seemed lost after Wilbur's passing.Wiley and I grieved and healed together.
When people adopt a homeless pet, it's clear that they are saving the animal from homelessness，__7__animal companionship to their lives.They're obviously__8__a far better life for the animal.Time after time, people who adopt homeless pets find their own lives being__9__too.
That's just one of the__10__of adopting a homeless animal.And that's__11__ I created Mutual Rescue, an animal welfare initiative aimed at highlighting this special bond __12__ more homeless animals' lives can be __13__．I also wrote a book about the__14__animals have on our lives: Adopting a Homeless Animal Can Save You, Too.This book includes some of the beautiful, life changing stories I've __15__．
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要说明了作者由和自己的宠物相处得出：当人们收养一只无家可归的宠物时，很明显他们在拯救无家可归的动物，同时他们的生活中也增加了动物的陪伴。这是一个相互拯救的过程。
1．A．always B．occasionally
C．permanently D．usually
解析：B 句意：我们互相照顾，互相娱乐，偶尔也会惹恼对方，但终究还是彼此喜爱。always总是；occasionally偶尔；permanently永久地；usually总是。根据上下文可知，此处作者描述的是与两只猫日常相处的场景，故应是“偶尔”会惹恼对方。故选B。
2．A．hated B．complained
C．adored D．disgusted
解析：C 句意：我们互相照顾，互相娱乐，偶尔也会惹恼对方，但终究还是彼此喜爱。hated憎恨；complained抱怨；adored喜爱；disgusted厌恶的。分析上下文可知，作者与两只猫的感情非常好，故应是虽然会有小摩擦，但终究还是彼此喜欢的。故选C。
3．A．suffered from B．escaped from
C．recovered from D．got from
解析：A 句意：后来，只有十岁的威尔伯患了癌症。suffered from遭受；escaped from逃脱；recovered from从……恢复；got from从……得到。分析下文可知，其中一只猫威尔伯得了癌症。故选A。
4．A．hello B．regret
C．sorry D．goodbye
解析：D 句意：而到了说再见的时候，我也很痛苦。根据下文的“he seemed lost after Wilbur's passing”可知，威尔伯去世了，故应是道别时，作者很痛苦。故选D。
5．A．warmhearted B．thrilled
C．scared D．heartbroken
解析：D 句意：威利，我的另一只猫，也很伤心。warmhearted暖心的；thrilled激动的；scared害怕的；heartbroken心碎的。根据下文的“Wiley and I grieved and healed together.”可知，另外一只猫对于威尔伯的去世也很伤心。故选D。
6．A．so B．or
C．but D．thus
解析：C 句意：但是在威尔伯死后，它似乎有点不知所措了。根据上文的“He and Wilbur were best friends.He had always been happy and well adjusted”可知，虽然威利的适应能力很强，但对于威尔伯的去世也很不知所措。故选C。
7．A．adding B．applying
C．adapting D．adjusting
解析：A 句意：当人们收养一只无家可归的宠物时，很明显他们在拯救无家可归的动物的同时，他们的生活中也增加了动物的陪伴。adding增加；applying申请，应用；adapting适应；adjusting调整。分析上下文可知，在人们收养宠物的同时，宠物也给予了他们陪伴。故选A。
8．A．equipping B．providing
C．contributing D．donating
解析：B 句意：他们显然在为动物提供更好的生活。equipping装备；providing提供；contributing贡献；donating捐赠。根据上文的“When people adopt a homeless pet, it's clear that they are saving the animal from homelessness”可知，收养宠物的人们很显然会为宠物提供更好的生活。故选B。
9．A．disturbed B．disordered
C．saved D．challenged
解析：C 句意：一次又一次，收养无家可归的宠物的人发现他们自己的生命也被拯救了。disturbed打扰；disordered扰乱；saved拯救；challenged挑战。分析上下文可知，人们在照顾宠物的同时，宠物也给予了他们的主人陪伴，故他们也是相互拯救的关系。故选C。
10．A．troubles B．benefits
C．faults D．missions
解析：B 句意：这只是领养流浪动物的好处之一。troubles麻烦；benefits好处；faults错误；missions使命。通过上文可知，领养流浪动物有很多好处。故选B。
11．A．when B．how
C．why D．where
解析：C 句意：这就是为什么我创建了“互助救助”方案。That is why...为固定句型，意为“……的原因”。通过上文可知，领养流浪动物有很多好处，这也是作者创建“互助救助”方案的原因。故选C。
12．A．so that B．in case
C．in that D．for fear that
解析：A 句意：这是一项动物福利计划，旨在突出这种特殊的纽带，让更多无家可归的动物的生活得以改变。so that因此；in case万一；in that因为，既然；for fear that以防万一。分析上下文可知，作者创建“互助救助”这项动物福利计划的目的是让更多无家可归的动物的生活得以改变。故选A。
13．A．exchanged B．transformed
C．interrupted D．transferred
解析：B 句意：这是一项动物福利计划，旨在突出这种特殊的纽带，让更多无家可归的动物的生活得以改变。exchanged交换；transformed改变；interrupted打断；transferred转让，转移。被收养的流浪动物的生活都变得更好了。故选B。
14．A．disadvantage B．mercy
C．inspiration D．impact
解析：D 句意：我还写了一本关于动物对我们生活的影响的书：《收养无家可归的动物也能拯救你》。disadvantage缺点；mercy仁慈；inspiration灵感；impact影响。根据下文的“Adopting a Homeless Animal Can Save You, Too”可知，作者书的内容是关于动物对人们生活的影响。故选D。
15．A．encountered B．designed
C．invented D．facilitated
解析：A 句意：这本书收录了我所遇到的一些美丽的、改变人生的故事。encountered遇到；designed设计；invented发明，创造；facilitated促进，帮助。通过上文的“This book includes some of the beautiful, life changing stories”可知，书中记录的是作者遇到的一些事情。故选A。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150 左右。
(2021·山东师范大学附属中学第一次模拟)“Now, parents and students separate into two groups.You will be reunited at the end of the campus tour.”
Groups of incoming freshmen happily left their parents upon hearing this announcement.I was less than thrilled about starting college, let alone leaving my mother's side to tour the campus with other freshmen；I felt a little anxious.
We followed the senior tour guide.The other freshmen chatted and made casual introductions as I dragged behinD．How could I have believed I was ready for this After all, it had only been a few months since I left the hospital.I was feeling better for the first time in years.But college...
My thinking was interrupted by a sweet female voice, “Hi, I'm Jennifer.” “I'm Lauren，” I replieD．“Where do you prefer to live At home or on campus？” she smileD．“I'm not sure，” I saiD．“You should live on campus！It will be a lot of fun！” she saiD．Before I could reply, the tour guide announced it was time to create our schedules and select the courses we wanted to take.
We crowded into the Student Activity Center.Three seniors handed out thick course bulletins (课程公告)and forms that needed to be filled out.All around me, the sounds of turning papers and writing sounded like those given by an alarm clock.Others seemed to be moving through the process quickly but I hadn't even opened my course catalog(目录).
“Focus，”I told myself.“Just read through the catalog and find the courses you like and a schedule that works.”Psychology A or B, Geology 101, English, History, sections 1, 2, 3...The list went on and on.
I panicked and almost started to cry.How was I supposed to know how to complete it？I was just relearning how to live in the real world, and they wanted me to make a schedule.How I wished someone could help me.
One possible version
Paragraph 1：
Soon, other freshmen were handing in their forms.
Many of them rushed out to meet their parents.I couldn't breathe and was feeling anxious.My head was pounding.Moments later, I was crying.And several students started to stare at me.One of the seniors in charge walked over to my table.“What's the matter？” she asked impatiently.“I...I can't do this！” I saiD．“All you have to do is make your schedule, just like everybody else，”she said, clearly annoyeD．
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Then, I felt a warm hand on my shoulder.I looked back and found Jennifer standing behind me.“Everything is alright，”she told the senior.“I'll help her.”The senior walked away.“What's wrong, sweetie？”Jennifer askeD．Hearing Jennifer's kind words, I cried even harder, saying，“It's just too much！” Then Jennifer put her arm around me and said，“Let me instruct you.”She then guided me through the process step by step until I completed my schedule.Later, when saying goodbye, we made a promise to keep in touch.
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