Unit 3 Faster higher stronger
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
写人物的个性与品格(1)
一、多样表达
1．talented adj. 有才能的；有天赋的
2．virtue n. 品德；美德
3．perfect adj. 完美的；极好的；理想的
4．responsibility n. 责任
5．promising adj. 有前途的；有希望的；有出息的
6．good humored adj. 快乐的；愉快的
7．be down to earth 务实的
8．a good humored/good natured person
脾气好的人
9．a talented person 天资高的人
10．lack of responsibility 缺乏责任感
11．with the virtue of 具有……的美德
12．a sense of responsibility 责任感
13．a scientist bent on making a discovery
一个专心致志进行探索的科学家
14．highly qualified, well experienced teachers
高素质、有经验的老师
二、佳句观摩
1．He was self important, vain and ignorant.
他傲慢自负，虚荣无知。
2．I like your down to earth and hardworking spirit.
我就喜欢你们这股扎扎实实埋头苦干的劲儿。
3．Each man had, to begin with, the great virtue of utter tenacity and fidelity.
每个人从一开始就有坚忍不拔与忠诚的优秀品质。
4．Our staff is highly qualified and well trained in their fields.
我们的员工素质高，受过良好训练，是各自领域的专家。
5．There are many of us who deplore this lack of responsibility.
我们中有许多人谴责这种不负责任的做法。
6．She planted the seeds of virtue in her children when they were young.
孩子们小的时候，她就在他们心田里播下了道德的种子。
三、佳句仿写
1．Some of these young musicians are_hugely_talented．
这些年轻的音乐家中有些极有天赋。
2．He's a_very_good natured_person．
他是个非常善良的人。
3．He would never be improper; he is always a_perfect_gentleman．
他总是举止得体，一直是个完美的绅士。
4．Since the death of his parents, he has_a_strong_sense_of_responsibility．
自从父母去世后，他有了强烈的责任感。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——社会活动——女性在争取女子长跑马拉松资格中的努力
(2020·陕西西安中学高三适应考试)By the 1970s, the Olympic Marathon had come a long way from the dusty roads of Athens.Yet women were still not allowed to compete and the struggle to establish a women's Olympic Marathon was itself something of a long distance race.
Women had been excluded from long distance running until 1928, when the typical long race was the 800 meters.The women competitors hadn't properly prepared for the race and several fell down and became temporarily unconscious due to extreme tiredness.This led Olympic organizers in 1928 to consider the marathon too violent for women.
This is not to say there was no tradition of women's long distance running.Women had been prohibited from participating in the ancient Olympics by the cruel law.But women in ancient Greece held their own festival to honor the goddess Hera every five years.Only one athletic event was held — a running race.
When the Olympics were revived in 1896, women were again excludeD．However, in 1967, women's ability in running attracted great attention.Number 261 in the Boston Marathon was given to K V．Switzer.Not until two miles into the race did officials realize that Switzer was a woman.Race officials tried to catch Switzer and remove her from the race but her teammates fended them off with body blocks.And Switzer wasn't scared by officials' aggressive actions.She kept running.Although the running was demanding, Switzer didn't give up and eventually finished the race.Switzer's story made the quest for equality in long distance running for women a political issue.Slowly, the rules did begin to change.
The first women's marathon officially agreed by the IAAF was the Tokyo International, held in 1979.IAAF president Adriaan Paulen watched the race.He was so impressed by the level of the competition that he announced he would fully support the effort to establish a women's marathon in the Olympics.Soon the IAAF recommended to the IOC that a women's marathon be included in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics.And the advice was adopteD．
1．What was the reason for women's failing to attend the Olympic Marathon in 1928
A．They generally weren't enthusiastic about it.
B．They were thought not strong enough for it.
C．They weren't supported by the public to attend it.
D．They were too tired to make full preparations for it.
2．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word in Paragraph 3
A．separated B．banned
C．freed D．protected
3．Which of the following best describe Switzer
A．Brave and determineD．
B．Talented and kinD．
C．Honest and easygoing.
D．Optimistic and clever.
4．What's Adriaan Paulen's contribution to women's running
A．Letting women have the right to compete against men in running.
B．Making a series of rules for women's running.
C．Having trained many outstanding women runners.
D．Helping women be qualified for the Olympic Marathon．
B
语篇类型 议论文
主题语境 人与自我——自我提升——乐趣永远代替不了快乐
(2021·河南九校联盟高三第一次联考)I live in HollywooD．You may think people in such an attractive, fun filled place are happier than others.If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.
Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun.The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common.Fun is what we experience during an act.Happiness is what we experience after an act.It is a deeper, more long lasting emotion.Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh.But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends.
I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun.These rich, beautiful individuals have constant access to exciting parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells “happiness”．But in memoir(回忆录)after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children, and long time loneliness.The way people hold on to the belief that a fun filled, pain free life equates happiness actually decreases their chances of ever attaining real happiness.If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness, then pain must be equated with unhappiness.But, in fact, the opposite is true: More times than not, things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very efforts that are the source of true happiness.They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, charitable work and self improvement.
5．According to the passage, “fun activities” ________．
A．are the things we do before we find happiness
B．may help us relax and forget our problems sometimes
C．will lead us to the true happiness
D．could provide long last positive effects
6．In the author's opinion, those Hollywood stars ________．
A．possess happiness because they are rich and famous
B．experience almost all kinds of happy things
C．tell us happiness isn't equal to fun using their own stories
D．have to suffer a lot before they become successful
7．It is difficult for people to find real happiness because ________．
A．they believe happiness is the fun life without pain
B．they find pain equals unhappiness
C．they fear to lose what they already have in life
D．they are afraid all their efforts were in vain
8．The main purpose of the text is to ________．
A．describe the difference between happiness and fun
B．show the true meaning of happiness
C．encourage people to pursue fun activities
D．advise people to find their real life
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇类型 记叙文
主题语境 人与自我——个人经历——童年和长大后截然不同的心境
(2021·广东省广州八区调研考试)My family lived about a mile from the Bertram Woods Library.Throughout my childhood, my mother drove me there several times a week.
Our visits were never __1__enough for me.I loved wandering around the __2__ scanning the spines(书脊)of the books until something happened to __3__my eye.
I might have spent the rest of my life __4__libraries the way I viewed, say, the amusement park I went to as a kiD．But then the __5__feeling came back into my life __6__．One day after we moved to Los Angeles in 2011, my son wanted to interview a __7__ for his school assignment.So we went to the __8__library.
As we drove over to meet the librarian, I __9__ a memory of this similar journey in my past—another parent and child on their way to the library.The __10__ didn't look anything like the Bertram Woods, but when we __11__ inside, a shock of recognition __12__ me.Decades had passed, but I really felt as if I had returned to that time and place, walking into the library with my mother.__13__ had changeD．There was the same soft sound of pencil on paper, and the murmuring of people __14__ at the tables in the center of the room.The wooden checkout counters, the librarians' desks, the bulletin board, were all the same.
It wasn't that time __15__ in the library.It was as if it had been captured here, or collecteD．A library, for me, is a gathering pool of stories and of the people who come to find them.
1．A．long B．easy
C．boring D．interesting
2．A．rooms B．streets
C．shelves D．tables
3．A．fill B．catch
C．open D．block
4．A．wandering around B．thinking about
C．talking about D．looking for
5．A．familiar B．exciting
C．funny D．warm
6．A．unexpectedly B．uncomfortably
C．exactly D．finally
7．A．professor B．teacher
C．bookseller D．librarian
8．A．newest B．closest
C．prettiest D．quietest
9．A．lost B．shared
C．enjoyed D．experienced
10．A．school B．building
C．desks D．books
11．A．looked B．drove
C．stepped D．read
12．A．struck B．disappointed
C．defeated D．woke
13．A．Everybody B．Everything
C．Nobody D．Nothing
14．A．working B．sitting
C．playing D．eating
15．A．travelled B．flew
C．stopped D．changed
Ⅲ.应用文写作
(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)假定你是李华，上周日你校举办了5公里越野赛跑活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1．参加人员；
2．跑步路线：从校门口到南山脚下；
3．活动反响。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
PAGE
9Unit 3 Faster higher stronger
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
写人物的个性与品格(1)
一、多样表达
1．talented adj. 有才能的；有天赋的
2．virtue n. 品德；美德
3．perfect adj. 完美的；极好的；理想的
4．responsibility n. 责任
5．promising adj. 有前途的；有希望的；有出息的
6．good humored adj. 快乐的；愉快的
7．be down to earth 务实的
8．a good humored/good natured person
脾气好的人
9．a talented person 天资高的人
10．lack of responsibility 缺乏责任感
11．with the virtue of 具有……的美德
12．a sense of responsibility 责任感
13．a scientist bent on making a discovery
一个专心致志进行探索的科学家
14．highly qualified, well experienced teachers
高素质、有经验的老师
二、佳句观摩
1．He was self important, vain and ignorant.
他傲慢自负，虚荣无知。
2．I like your down to earth and hardworking spirit.
我就喜欢你们这股扎扎实实埋头苦干的劲儿。
3．Each man had, to begin with, the great virtue of utter tenacity and fidelity.
每个人从一开始就有坚忍不拔与忠诚的优秀品质。
4．Our staff is highly qualified and well trained in their fields.
我们的员工素质高，受过良好训练，是各自领域的专家。
5．There are many of us who deplore this lack of responsibility.
我们中有许多人谴责这种不负责任的做法。
6．She planted the seeds of virtue in her children when they were young.
孩子们小的时候，她就在他们心田里播下了道德的种子。
三、佳句仿写
1．Some of these young musicians are_hugely_talented．
这些年轻的音乐家中有些极有天赋。
2．He's a_very_good natured_person．
他是个非常善良的人。
3．He would never be improper; he is always a_perfect_gentleman．
他总是举止得体，一直是个完美的绅士。
4．Since the death of his parents, he has_a_strong_sense_of_responsibility．
自从父母去世后，他有了强烈的责任感。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——社会活动——女性在争取女子长跑马拉松资格中的努力
(2020·陕西西安中学高三适应考试)By the 1970s, the Olympic Marathon had come a long way from the dusty roads of Athens.Yet women were still not allowed to compete and the struggle to establish a women's Olympic Marathon was itself something of a long distance race.
Women had been excluded from long distance running until 1928, when the typical long race was the 800 meters.The women competitors hadn't properly prepared for the race and several fell down and became temporarily unconscious due to extreme tiredness.This led Olympic organizers in 1928 to consider the marathon too violent for women.
This is not to say there was no tradition of women's long distance running.Women had been prohibited from participating in the ancient Olympics by the cruel law.But women in ancient Greece held their own festival to honor the goddess Hera every five years.Only one athletic event was held — a running race.
When the Olympics were revived in 1896, women were again excludeD．However, in 1967, women's ability in running attracted great attention.Number 261 in the Boston Marathon was given to K V．Switzer.Not until two miles into the race did officials realize that Switzer was a woman.Race officials tried to catch Switzer and remove her from the race but her teammates fended them off with body blocks.And Switzer wasn't scared by officials' aggressive actions.She kept running.Although the running was demanding, Switzer didn't give up and eventually finished the race.Switzer's story made the quest for equality in long distance running for women a political issue.Slowly, the rules did begin to change.
The first women's marathon officially agreed by the IAAF was the Tokyo International, held in 1979.IAAF president Adriaan Paulen watched the race.He was so impressed by the level of the competition that he announced he would fully support the effort to establish a women's marathon in the Olympics.Soon the IAAF recommended to the IOC that a women's marathon be included in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics.And the advice was adopteD．
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了女性在争取女子长跑马拉松资格中的努力。一个名为K V．Switzer的女性因为勇敢和比赛官方斗争，并完成了比赛使追求女性长跑平等成为一个政治问题。后来在Adriaan Paulen的建议下女性获得参加奥运会马拉松的资格。
1．What was the reason for women's failing to attend the Olympic Marathon in 1928
A．They generally weren't enthusiastic about it.
B．They were thought not strong enough for it.
C．They weren't supported by the public to attend it.
D．They were too tired to make full preparations for it.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中 “The women competitors hadn't properly prepared for the race and several fell down and became temporarily unconscious due to extreme tiredness.This led Olympic organizers in 1928 to consider the marathon too violent for women.”由此可知，女子未能参加1928年奥运会马拉松比赛的原因是她们被认为不够强壮，故选B。
2．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word in Paragraph 3
A．separated B．banned
C．freed D．protected
解析：B 词义猜测题。根据后文 “from participating in the ancient Olympics by the cruel law...Only one athletic event was held—a running race.”可知，划线单词意思为“禁止”。A．separated分开；B．banned禁止；C．freed解放；D．protected保护。故选B。
3．Which of the following best describe Switzer
A．Brave and determineD．
B．Talented and kinD．
C．Honest and easygoing.
D．Optimistic and clever.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第四段中“And Switzer wasn't scared by officials' aggressive actions.She kept running.Although the running was demanding, Switzer didn't give up and eventually finished the race.”可知，Switzer是个勇敢挑战权威，且坚定完成了比赛的女性，故选A。
4．What's Adriaan Paulen's contribution to women's running
A．Letting women have the right to compete against men in running.
B．Making a series of rules for women's running.
C．Having trained many outstanding women runners.
D．Helping women be qualified for the Olympic Marathon．
解析：D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He was so impressed by the level of the competition that he announced he would fully support the effort to establish a women's marathon in the Olympics.Soon the IAAF recommended to the IOC that a women's marathon be included in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics.And the advice was adopteD．”可知，Adriaan Paulen对女子跑步的贡献是帮助女性获得参加奥运会马拉松的资格，故选D。
B
语篇类型 议论文
主题语境 人与自我——自我提升——乐趣永远代替不了快乐
(2021·河南九校联盟高三第一次联考)I live in HollywooD．You may think people in such an attractive, fun filled place are happier than others.If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.
Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun.The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common.Fun is what we experience during an act.Happiness is what we experience after an act.It is a deeper, more long lasting emotion.Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh.But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends.
I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun.These rich, beautiful individuals have constant access to exciting parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells “happiness”．But in memoir(回忆录)after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children, and long time loneliness.The way people hold on to the belief that a fun filled, pain free life equates happiness actually decreases their chances of ever attaining real happiness.If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness, then pain must be equated with unhappiness.But, in fact, the opposite is true: More times than not, things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very efforts that are the source of true happiness.They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, charitable work and self improvement.
文章大意：本文从各个层面分析快乐和乐趣之间的本质区别，从而下结论：乐趣永远代替不了快乐。
5．According to the passage, “fun activities” ________．
A．are the things we do before we find happiness
B．may help us relax and forget our problems sometimes
C．will lead us to the true happiness
D．could provide long last positive effects
解析：B 细节理解题。从第二段的倒数第二句 “Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh.”可知，快乐的活动可以帮助我们放松，暂时忘记我们的问题，故选B。
6．In the author's opinion, those Hollywood stars ________．
A．possess happiness because they are rich and famous
B．experience almost all kinds of happy things
C．tell us happiness isn't equal to fun using their own stories
D．have to suffer a lot before they become successful
解析：C 细节理解题。从第三段第一句“I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun.”可知，好莱坞的明星的故事告诉我们幸福不等于快乐，故选C。
7．It is difficult for people to find real happiness because ________．
A．they believe happiness is the fun life without pain
B．they find pain equals unhappiness
C．they fear to lose what they already have in life
D．they are afraid all their efforts were in vain
解析：A 细节理解题。从第三段第四句“The way people hold on to the belief that a fun filled, pain free life equates happiness actually decreases their chances of ever attaining real happiness.”可知，人们认为幸福就是没有痛苦的快乐，这减少了人们获得幸福的可能性，故选A。
8．The main purpose of the text is to ________．
A．describe the difference between happiness and fun
B．show the true meaning of happiness
C．encourage people to pursue fun activities
D．advise people to find their real life
解析：B 写作意图题。从全篇文章和最后一段第一句可知，作者是想告诉我们真正的幸福是什么，故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇类型 记叙文
主题语境 人与自我——个人经历——童年和长大后截然不同的心境
(2021·广东省广州八区调研考试)My family lived about a mile from the Bertram Woods Library.Throughout my childhood, my mother drove me there several times a week.
Our visits were never __1__enough for me.I loved wandering around the __2__ scanning the spines(书脊)of the books until something happened to __3__my eye.
I might have spent the rest of my life __4__libraries the way I viewed, say, the amusement park I went to as a kiD．But then the __5__feeling came back into my life __6__．One day after we moved to Los Angeles in 2011, my son wanted to interview a __7__ for his school assignment.So we went to the __8__library.
As we drove over to meet the librarian, I __9__ a memory of this similar journey in my past—another parent and child on their way to the library.The __10__ didn't look anything like the Bertram Woods, but when we __11__ inside, a shock of recognition __12__ me.Decades had passed, but I really felt as if I had returned to that time and place, walking into the library with my mother.__13__ had changeD．There was the same soft sound of pencil on paper, and the murmuring of people __14__ at the tables in the center of the room.The wooden checkout counters, the librarians' desks, the bulletin board, were all the same.
It wasn't that time __15__ in the library.It was as if it had been captured here, or collecteD．A library, for me, is a gathering pool of stories and of the people who come to find them.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者童年和妈妈一起去图书馆，长大后和自己的孩子再去图书馆，心境和感觉不一样了。
1．A．long B．easy
C．boring D．interesting
解析：A 由上文的“Throughout my childhood, my mother drove me there several times a week.”可知，喜欢去图书馆的作者每周只能去几次图书馆，他认为这样的访问对他来说，不够长。故选A项。
2．A．rooms B．streets
C．shelves D．tables
解析：C 由下文的“scanning the spines(书脊)of the books”可知，是在图书馆的书架旁到处转悠。故选C项。
3．A．fill B．catch
C．open D．block
解析：B 由上文的“I loved wandering around the______ scanning the spines(书脊)of the books.”可知，此处指作者喜欢在书架旁到处转悠，看书名，直到有让自己感兴趣的书吸引了他的眼球(注意力)。故选B项。
4．A．wandering around B．thinking about
C．talking about D．looking for
解析：B 由下文的view可知，作者小时候会观察他去的游乐园，所以他也会像小时候一样，把余生都花在观察(思考)图书馆上，thinking about的意义与view接近。故选B项。
5．A．familiar B．exciting
C．funny D．warm
解析：A 由下文的“Decades had passed, but I really felt as if I had returned to that time and place”可知，几十年过去了，作者感觉好像回到了那个时间和地点，说明那种熟悉的感觉回到了他的生活中。故选A项。
6．A．unexpectedly B．uncomfortably
C．exactly D．finally
解析：A 由下文语境可知，作者得到那种熟悉的感觉，是因为儿子想采访一位图书管理员，所以那种熟悉的感觉是意外得来的。故选A项。
7．A．professor B．teacher
C．bookseller D．librarian
解析：D 由下文的“As we drove over to meet the librarian”可知，作者儿子想采访一位图书管理员。故选D项。
8．A．newest B．closest
C．prettiest D．quietest
解析：B 句意：所以我们去了最近的图书馆。newest最新的；closest最近的；prettiest最美的；quietest最安静的。由常识可知，人们都会去离家最近的图书馆。故选B项。
9．A．lost B．shared
C．enjoyed D．experienced
解析：D 由上文的“my mother drove me there several times a week”和下文的“another parent and child on their way to the library”可知，以前作者妈妈带作者去图书馆，现在作者带自己孩子去图书馆，他感觉自己在经历类似(一个家长和孩子在去图书馆的路上)的旅途。故选D项。
10．A．school B．building
C．desks D．books
解析：B 由上文语境可知，作者带自己孩子去图书馆，他觉得这个图书馆的建筑与他小时候去的伯特伦伍兹图书馆的不一样。故选B项。
11．A．looked B．drove
C．stepped D．read
解析：C 由下文的inside可知，此处指作者和儿子走进图书馆。故选C项。
12．A．struck B．disappointed
C．defeated D．woke
解析：A 这座建筑看上去一点也不像伯特伦伍兹图书馆，但当我们走进来时，我突然感到很熟悉，Sth.struck sB．“某人意识到某事”，故选A项。
13．A．Everybody B．Everything
C．Nobody D．Nothing
解析：D 图书馆的一切都没有改变，与过去一样有人的低语声、木制的收银台、图书管理员的桌子和布告栏等东西。故选D项。
14．A．working B．sitting
C．playing D．eating
解析：B 由下文的“at the tables in the center of the room”可知，此处指坐在图书馆房间中央桌子旁的人们。故选B项。
15．A．travelled B．flew
C．stopped D．changed
解析：C 由下文的“It was as if it had been captured here, or collecteD．”和常识可知，时间不会停下，它只是在图书馆被捕获或收集起来了。故选C项。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)假定你是李华，上周日你校举办了5公里越野赛跑活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1．参加人员；
2．跑步路线：从校门口到南山脚下；
3．活动反响。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
One possible version
A Cross Country Running Race
The 5 kilometre race was held by our school last Sunday.
200 students from all grades were involved in this running race.Among the most of the participants were students and teachers.The racing route began at our school gate and ended at the foot of the South Hill.
The competition turned out to be a great success.Not only has the racing improved the enthusiasm of students to exercise, but also enriched our campus life.Both students and teachers hope to hold such activities again.
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