Unit 4 Everyday economics
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
正话反说
一、多样表达
1．缺席：absence → 在场：presence
2．丰富：abundance → 缺乏：lack
3．接受：accept → 拒绝：refuse
4．活着的：alive → 死的：dead
5．承认：admit → 否认：deny
6．反对：be against → 支持：be for
7．不同的：different → 相同的：same; alike
8．分开：apart → 一起：together
9．允许：allow → 禁止：forbid
10．使烦恼：annoy → 使满意：satisfy
11．同意：agree → 不同意：disagree, refuse
12．人工的：artificial → 自然的：natural
13．攻击：attack → 防守：defend
14．噩运：bad luck → 好运：fortune, good luck
15．仔细的：careful → 粗心的：careless
16．复杂的：complicated → 简单的：simple
17．空的：empty → 满的：full
18．干燥的：dry → 潮湿的：wet, humid
19．昂贵的：expensive → 便宜的：cheap
20．慷慨的：generous → 吝啬的：mean
二、佳句观摩
1．Aunt Isabel is generous and gives us a lot of presents.
→Aunt Isabel is not mean at all and gives us a lot of presents.
伊沙贝姨妈很大方，给了我们许多礼物。
2．The demand for an apology was refuseD．
→The demand for an apology was not accepteD．
让对方道歉的要求遭到了拒绝。
3．I should forbid such a thought to affect me.
→I should not allow such a thought to affect me.
我不能让这种思想影响我。
4．The aims of the redesign are wide ranging but not complicateD．
→The aims of the redesign are wide ranging but simple.
重新设计的目的是多方面的，但又是简单的。
三、佳句仿写
用正话反说替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1．You can't deny that it seems a very attractive ideA．
→You have_to_admit that it seems a very attractive ideA．
无可否认那个想法看来很有吸引力。
2．At first, he was against our arrangement.
→At first, he was_not_for our arrangement.
起初，他反对我们的安排。
3．I had a lot of bad luck during the first half of this season.
→I didn't_have_a_lot_of_good_luck during the first half of this season.
上半赛季我一直走背运。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型 应用文
主题语境 人与社会——火车服务——伦敦到爱丁堡的夜班卧铺火车服务
(2021·长沙市高三模拟)
Dream Big with the Caledonian Sleeper
The Caledonian Sleeper is a gateway to a world of possibilities with our overnight rail service bringing a touch of the extraordinary to travel between London and Edinburgh.
Taste the local food，have the ultimate sleep on our comfortable bed and enjoy a private room with the toilet and shower.And above all，wake up feeling refreshed，ready to start an adventure at your destination.
Caledonian Double Club Room Classic Room Comfort Seats
a double bed two single beds twin bunk beds comfortable seats
breakfast included breakfast included breakfast for purchase breakfast for purchase
the toilet and shower the toilet and shower a in room washbasin
charging points & Wi Fi charging points & Wi Fi Wi Fi Wi Fi
priority boarding priority boarding
temperature control temperature control
We offer two categories of rail tickets to travel on our service：
Caledonian Sleeper Fixed Advance：Our Fixed Advance tickets offer our best value fares.No changes，refunds or upgrades are alloweD．They are available for Club rooms (￡150/passenger)and Classic rooms (￡100/passenger).Book at least two months in advance.
Caledonian Sleeper Flexible：Our Flexible tickets are fully refundable.They are available for Caledonian doubles (￡200/passenger)，Club rooms (￡170/passenger)，Classic rooms (￡120/passenger) and Comfort seats (￡50/passenger).Book anytime if available.
*Notice：These are single (one way) tickets；to make a return journey，just buy two single tickets.
Oops! A family getaway can often make you feel like someone is missing if your furry friend is left behinD．If you are travelling in a Caledonian double or Club room，you're welcome to bring up to two pets with an additional fare as low as ￡30 per room.
1．What is promoted in this text
A．A travel package.
B．A train service.
C．A family plan.
D．An accommodation service.
2．All ticket holders can enjoy________without extra charge.
A．Wi Fi signals
B．priority boarding
C．on board breakfast
D．charging points
3．What is the lowest round trip fare for a married couple with their two pet dogs
A．￡230. B．￡330.
C．￡660. D．￡740.
B
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——科学与技术——用人工智能研发治疗强迫症的药物
(2021·开封市高三模拟) A drug designed entirely by artificial intelligence is about to enter clinical trials for the first time.The drug，which is intended to treat obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) (强迫症) ，was discovered using AI systems from Oxford based biotech company ExscientiA．While it would usually take around four and a half years to get a drug to this stage of development，Exscientia says that by using the AI tools it's taken less than 12 months.
The drug，known as DSP 1181，was created by using algorithms (算法) to examine potential compounds，checking them against a huge database of parameters，including a patient's genetic factors.Speaking to the BBC，Exscientia chief executive Professor Andrew Hopkins described the trials as a “key milestone in drug discovery”and noted that there are “billions” of decisions needed to find the right molecules (分子) for a drug，making their eventual creation a “huge decision”．With AI，however, “the beauty of the algorithms is that they are unknowable，so can be applied to any disease”．
We've already seen multiple examples of AI being used to diagnose illness and analyze patient data，so using it to engineer drug treatment is an obvious progression of its place in medicine.But the AI created drugs do bring about some relevant questions.Will patients be comfortable to take medicine designed by a machine How will these drugs differ from those developed by humans alone Who will make the rules for the use of AI in drug research Hopkins and his team hope that these and a great many other questions will be explored in the trials，which will begin in March.
4．What is special about the drug designed by AI
A．It's a better cure for OCD．
B．It has no side effect on humans.
C．Its development takes less time.
D．It doesn't need clinical trials.
5．Which is a key factor in creating the drug according to Paragraph 2
A．Trials. B．Algorithms.
C．Compounds. D．Molecules.
6．How does Hopkins feel about the way of drug creation
A．OptimistiC． B．Doubtful.
C．DisappointeD． D．PuzzleD．
7．What can be the best title for the text
A．Medical Trials by AI
B．An Example in Medical Trials
C．A Creation in AI Development
D．AI designed Drugs to Be on Trial
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——人际交往——如何进行一次成功的采访
(2021·北京市高考适应性测试)An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from him.1.________ There are three basic subtypes of interview：structured interviews，unstructured interviews and semi structured interviews.2.________ Incidentally，the“respondent”and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of the“interviewee”．
A great deal is provided by this personal contact：you are another human being，and interviewees will respond to you，in bodily presence，in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reacted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails.3.________ Most people want to help and give their opinions，and they will usually be energized to help by your physical presence.
If you take the trouble to schedule a visit，you can be more or less guaranteed of a response. Most importantly，though，you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them.4.________ You will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topiC． Because of the primacy(首要)of the personal contact，your appearance and tone are important—how do you want to be seen As “one of us”？ As a person in authority As an observer？...Or what？5.________ However you decide to present yourself，it is good practice of course to try to put the interviewee at ease before the interview begins—to talk about the weather，about your journey，about anything that will break the ice.
A．This is ready made support for you.
B．Its nature varies with the nature of the interviews.
C．You will be able to hear and understand what they are saying.
D．Your decision should influence the way that you look，sound and behave.
E．The information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination of these.
F．Each involves the interviewer in face to face contact or telephone contact with another person.
G．You will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees might really mean.
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇类型 记叙文
主题语境 人与社会——文学——女词人李清照
A crater on Mercury sat quietly for millions of years.Surprisingly，it acquired a name—Li Ch'ing Chao，after a Chinese female poet Li Qingzhao.The International Astronomical Union named the first group of craters on the planet after 310 famous writers and artists in human history，Li 1.________(include).
What did she do to deserve such 2.________ honor？Compared with other male poets in China，3________ have left hundreds or even thousands of poems，she has only eighty seven.4.________，her artistic creativity in her 5.________ (exist) works has earned her a permanent place in the Chinese literary circle.
She grew up in a 6.________ (relative) relaxed atmosphere but her maiden(少女)days were so limited that the regret could be felt in her poem：“But don't you know Oh don't you know？The red should languish and the green must grow.”The arrival and disappearance of spring is one of the most frequent themes in Chinese poetry.Li had two marriages.The first ended up her being abandoned during the war.7.________ (bad) still，she suffered physical abuse from her second husbanD．Bravely she charged him at the court and got the 8.________(permit) to divorce.
In the final stage of her life，even 9.________ no one to rely on，she never gave up hope and created many literary works that 10.________ (leave) for generations to appreciate to date.
PAGE
8Unit 4 Everyday economics
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
正话反说
一、多样表达
1．缺席：absence → 在场：presence
2．丰富：abundance → 缺乏：lack
3．接受：accept → 拒绝：refuse
4．活着的：alive → 死的：dead
5．承认：admit → 否认：deny
6．反对：be against → 支持：be for
7．不同的：different → 相同的：same; alike
8．分开：apart → 一起：together
9．允许：allow → 禁止：forbid
10．使烦恼：annoy → 使满意：satisfy
11．同意：agree → 不同意：disagree, refuse
12．人工的：artificial → 自然的：natural
13．攻击：attack → 防守：defend
14．噩运：bad luck → 好运：fortune, good luck
15．仔细的：careful → 粗心的：careless
16．复杂的：complicated → 简单的：simple
17．空的：empty → 满的：full
18．干燥的：dry → 潮湿的：wet, humid
19．昂贵的：expensive → 便宜的：cheap
20．慷慨的：generous → 吝啬的：mean
二、佳句观摩
1．Aunt Isabel is generous and gives us a lot of presents.
→Aunt Isabel is not mean at all and gives us a lot of presents.
伊沙贝姨妈很大方，给了我们许多礼物。
2．The demand for an apology was refuseD．
→The demand for an apology was not accepteD．
让对方道歉的要求遭到了拒绝。
3．I should forbid such a thought to affect me.
→I should not allow such a thought to affect me.
我不能让这种思想影响我。
4．The aims of the redesign are wide ranging but not complicateD．
→The aims of the redesign are wide ranging but simple.
重新设计的目的是多方面的，但又是简单的。
三、佳句仿写
用正话反说替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1．You can't deny that it seems a very attractive ideA．
→You have_to_admit that it seems a very attractive ideA．
无可否认那个想法看来很有吸引力。
2．At first, he was against our arrangement.
→At first, he was_not_for our arrangement.
起初，他反对我们的安排。
3．I had a lot of bad luck during the first half of this season.
→I didn't_have_a_lot_of_good_luck during the first half of this season.
上半赛季我一直走背运。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型 应用文
主题语境 人与社会——火车服务——伦敦到爱丁堡的夜班卧铺火车服务
(2021·长沙市高三模拟)
Dream Big with the Caledonian Sleeper
The Caledonian Sleeper is a gateway to a world of possibilities with our overnight rail service bringing a touch of the extraordinary to travel between London and Edinburgh.
Taste the local food，have the ultimate sleep on our comfortable bed and enjoy a private room with the toilet and shower.And above all，wake up feeling refreshed，ready to start an adventure at your destination.
Caledonian Double Club Room Classic Room Comfort Seats
a double bed two single beds twin bunk beds comfortable seats
breakfast included breakfast included breakfast for purchase breakfast for purchase
the toilet and shower the toilet and shower a in room washbasin
charging points & Wi Fi charging points & Wi Fi Wi Fi Wi Fi
priority boarding priority boarding
temperature control temperature control
We offer two categories of rail tickets to travel on our service：
Caledonian Sleeper Fixed Advance：Our Fixed Advance tickets offer our best value fares.No changes，refunds or upgrades are alloweD．They are available for Club rooms (￡150/passenger)and Classic rooms (￡100/passenger).Book at least two months in advance.
Caledonian Sleeper Flexible：Our Flexible tickets are fully refundable.They are available for Caledonian doubles (￡200/passenger)，Club rooms (￡170/passenger)，Classic rooms (￡120/passenger) and Comfort seats (￡50/passenger).Book anytime if available.
*Notice：These are single (one way) tickets；to make a return journey，just buy two single tickets.
Oops! A family getaway can often make you feel like someone is missing if your furry friend is left behinD．If you are travelling in a Caledonian double or Club room，you're welcome to bring up to two pets with an additional fare as low as ￡30 per room.
文章大意：本文主要介绍了伦敦到爱丁堡的夜班卧铺火车服务，包括火车的票价、特色服务等。
1．What is promoted in this text
A．A travel package.
B．A train service.
C．A family plan.
D．An accommodation service.
解析：B 考查细节理解。根据文中表格提供的卧铺房间服务信息和座位信息以及文中的“We offer two categories of rail tickets to travel on our service”“Caledonian Sleeper Fixed Advance”和“Caledonian Sleeper Flexible”可知，本文主要是在推销火车的服务项目，包括火车票价和卧铺特色等，故B项正确。
2．All ticket holders can enjoy________without extra charge.
A．Wi Fi signals
B．priority boarding
C．on board breakfast
D．charging points
解析：A 考查细节理解。根据文中表格中提供的卧铺房间服务信息和座位信息可知，它们都包括Wi Fi，故所有持票人都可以免费使用Wi Fi，故A项正确。
3．What is the lowest round trip fare for a married couple with their two pet dogs
A．￡230. B．￡330.
C．￡660. D．￡740.
解析：C 考查简单计算。根据最后一段最后一句可知，如果选择Caledonian double和Club room的话，可以带两个宠物，每个房间需要支付低至30英镑的额外费用；根据Caledonian Sleeper Fixed Advance中的“They are available for Club rooms(￡150/passenger)”和Caledonian Sleeper Flexible中的“They are available for Caledonian doubles(￡200/passenger), Club rooms(￡170/passenger)”，以及Notice的内容可知，车票为单程票，如往返旅行，需购买两张单程票；由此可知，一对夫妻带两个宠物的票价最低为150×2×2＋30×2 ＝660(磅)，故选C。
B
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——科学与技术——用人工智能研发治疗强迫症的药物
(2021·开封市高三模拟) A drug designed entirely by artificial intelligence is about to enter clinical trials for the first time.The drug，which is intended to treat obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) (强迫症) ，was discovered using AI systems from Oxford based biotech company ExscientiA．While it would usually take around four and a half years to get a drug to this stage of development，Exscientia says that by using the AI tools it's taken less than 12 months.
The drug，known as DSP 1181，was created by using algorithms (算法) to examine potential compounds，checking them against a huge database of parameters，including a patient's genetic factors.Speaking to the BBC，Exscientia chief executive Professor Andrew Hopkins described the trials as a “key milestone in drug discovery”and noted that there are “billions” of decisions needed to find the right molecules (分子) for a drug，making their eventual creation a “huge decision”．With AI，however, “the beauty of the algorithms is that they are unknowable，so can be applied to any disease”．
We've already seen multiple examples of AI being used to diagnose illness and analyze patient data，so using it to engineer drug treatment is an obvious progression of its place in medicine.But the AI created drugs do bring about some relevant questions.Will patients be comfortable to take medicine designed by a machine How will these drugs differ from those developed by humans alone Who will make the rules for the use of AI in drug research Hopkins and his team hope that these and a great many other questions will be explored in the trials，which will begin in March.
文章大意：一种完全由人工智能研发的用于治疗强迫症的药将首次进入临床试验。使用人工智能研发药物能大大地提高药品的研发效率，但是相关问题也会接踵而至。
4．What is special about the drug designed by AI
A．It's a better cure for OCD．
B．It has no side effect on humans.
C．Its development takes less time.
D．It doesn't need clinical trials.
解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第一段尾句可知，虽然通常需要大约4年半的时间才能将药物研发到这个阶段，但使用人工智能工具只需要不到12个月的时间。据此可知，通过人工智能研发药物花的时间短，故C项正确。
5．Which is a key factor in creating the drug according to Paragraph 2
A．Trials. B．Algorithms.
C．Compounds. D．Molecules.
解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第二段第一句可知，这种名为DSP 1181的药物是通过使用算法来检测潜在的化合物，并将它们与庞大的参数数据库进行比对而创造的；又结合该段最后一句可推知，算法是人工智能研发药物的关键，故B项正确。
6．How does Hopkins feel about the way of drug creation
A．OptimistiC． B．Doubtful.
C．DisappointeD． D．PuzzleD．
解析：A 考查观点态度。根据第二段中的“Exscientia chief executive Professor Andrew Hopkins described the trials as a‘key milestone in drug discovery’”和“With AI，however，‘the beauty of the algorithms is that they are unknowable，so can be applied to any disease’．”可知，Hopkins认为人工智能研发的药物进入临床试验是药物研发中的重要里程碑；有了人工智能，这些算法的美妙之处在于它们是不可知的，因此可以应用于任何疾病。据此可推知，Hopkins对这种制药方法持乐观的态度，故A项正确。
7．What can be the best title for the text
A．Medical Trials by AI
B．An Example in Medical Trials
C．A Creation in AI Development
D．AI designed Drugs to Be on Trial
解析：D 考查标题判断。通读全文可知，首段第一句“A drug designed entirely by artificial intelligence is about to enter clinical trials for the first time.”为全文的主旨句，结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种完全由人工智能研发的药物即将首次进入临床试验的相关情况，故D项最适合作本文标题。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——人际交往——如何进行一次成功的采访
(2021·北京市高考适应性测试)An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from him.1.________ There are three basic subtypes of interview：structured interviews，unstructured interviews and semi structured interviews.2.________ Incidentally，the“respondent”and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of the“interviewee”．
A great deal is provided by this personal contact：you are another human being，and interviewees will respond to you，in bodily presence，in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reacted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails.3.________ Most people want to help and give their opinions，and they will usually be energized to help by your physical presence.
If you take the trouble to schedule a visit，you can be more or less guaranteed of a response. Most importantly，though，you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them.4.________ You will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topiC． Because of the primacy(首要)of the personal contact，your appearance and tone are important—how do you want to be seen As “one of us”？ As a person in authority As an observer？...Or what？5.________ However you decide to present yourself，it is good practice of course to try to put the interviewee at ease before the interview begins—to talk about the weather，about your journey，about anything that will break the ice.
A．This is ready made support for you.
B．Its nature varies with the nature of the interviews.
C．You will be able to hear and understand what they are saying.
D．Your decision should influence the way that you look，sound and behave.
E．The information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination of these.
F．Each involves the interviewer in face to face contact or telephone contact with another person.
G．You will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees might really mean.
文章大意：采访就是试图从他人那里获得信息的一次讨论。本文对其进行了简单的介绍，并介绍了采访这种形式的优势及进行一次成功的采访的方法。
1．解析：E 空前一句对采访下了定义，空后一句对采访进行了分类，再结合选项可推知E项符合语境，该项中的“The information”与前一句相呼应，所以选用E选项。
2．解析：F 空前一句对采访进行了分类，空后一句介绍了对受访者的不同称呼，由此可推知，空处应该会讲到采访形式，所以选用F选项。
3．解析：A 本段主要表述了采访这种形式的优势。空前一句表述了受访者对采访与问卷以及邮件的反应完全不同，再结合语境和常识可知，A选项符合语境，即采访能使受访者提供极其方便的支持。
4．解析：C 根据空前一句中的“you will be able to relate to interviewees”和空后一句中的“You will be able to watch their behaviour”可推知，空处句式应与前后句一致，形成排比句式，C选项符合语境，故选C项。
5．解析：D 上文针对你(采访者)想要展示的形象提出了多个选择，故D项“你的决定可能影响你的表情、说话和表现的方式”符合语境，承上启下。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇类型 记叙文
主题语境 人与社会——文学——女词人李清照
A crater on Mercury sat quietly for millions of years.Surprisingly，it acquired a name—Li Ch'ing Chao，after a Chinese female poet Li Qingzhao.The International Astronomical Union named the first group of craters on the planet after 310 famous writers and artists in human history，Li 1.________(include).
What did she do to deserve such 2.________ honor？Compared with other male poets in China，3________ have left hundreds or even thousands of poems，she has only eighty seven.4.________，her artistic creativity in her 5.________ (exist) works has earned her a permanent place in the Chinese literary circle.
She grew up in a 6.________ (relative) relaxed atmosphere but her maiden(少女)days were so limited that the regret could be felt in her poem：“But don't you know Oh don't you know？The red should languish and the green must grow.”The arrival and disappearance of spring is one of the most frequent themes in Chinese poetry.Li had two marriages.The first ended up her being abandoned during the war.7.________ (bad) still，she suffered physical abuse from her second husbanD．Bravely she charged him at the court and got the 8.________(permit) to divorce.
In the final stage of her life，even 9.________ no one to rely on，she never gave up hope and created many literary works that 10.________ (leave) for generations to appreciate to date.
文章大意：水星上的一个环形山以中国著名女词人李清照命名，这着实令人惊奇。李清照如何能够享有这份荣誉呢？本文由此对李清照的一生进行了简要的介绍。
1．解析：included 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处和句子谓语named之间没有连词，应用非谓语形式，且和其逻辑主语Li构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，所以填included。
2．解析：an 考查冠词。此处的honor意为“荣誉”，应用不定冠词修饰，且honor的发音以元音音素开头，所以填an。
3．解析：who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示人的先行词other male poets，所以填who。
4．解析：However 考查副词。前一句表述和其他遗作几百甚至几千首的中国男性诗人相比，她只有八十七首，并结合空后的内容可知，此处前后形成转折，且修饰整个句子，所以填However。
5．解析：existing 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应是形容词修饰名词works，所以填existing“现存的”。
6．解析：relatively 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰形容词relaxed，应用副词形式，所以填relatively。
7．解析：Worse 考查比较级。worse still意为“更糟糕的是”，是固定用法，且符合语境，所以填Worse。
8．解析：permission 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为名词，作动词got的宾语，其前的冠词the对其起限定作用，所以填permission。
9．解析：with 考查介词。此处表示甚至尽管没有人可以依靠，故用介词with，意为“尽管，虽然”。
10．解析：have been left 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为定语从句的谓语，关系代词that是从句的主语，指代many literary works，且空处与从句中的主语that构成被动关系，故用被动语态，即be＋done，又根据时间状语to date可知，应用现在完成时，又主语为复数，所以填have been left。
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