Unit 2 Lessons in life
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
同义副词(短语)的替换
一、多样表达
1．相反：oppositely → on the contrary
2．很少：rarely → seldom
3．仅仅：only → merely
4．每天：every day → day in and day out
5．起先：firstly → originally, initially
6．完全地：totally → absolutely, completely
7．大约：about → around, nearly, roughly, almost, approximately
8．最后：finally → eventually, accordingly, ultimately
9．肯定地：certainly → definitely, undoubtedly, obviously, apparently
10．目前：now → nowadays, at present, presently
11．偶尔，有时：now and then → at times, occasionally, once in a while
12．精准地：exactly → precisely, accurately, to an inch
13．绝不，从不：never → on no account, at no time, under no circumstance
14．立刻：immediately → right now, right away, at once, on the instant
15．平稳地：steadily → smoothly, moderately
16．经常：often → frequently, constantly, regularly
17．事实上：in fact → as a matter of fact, in practice, in reality, practically
18．非常：very → extremely, intensely, extraordinarily
二、佳句观摩
1．On Sundays, he rarely stays in the house.
→On Sundays, he seldom stays in the house.
星期天他很少待在房子里。
2．It was firstly published in the pages of a magazine.
→It was originally/initially published in the pages of a magazine.
这篇文章原先发表在一本杂志上。
3．In fact many food crops failed because of the drought.
→As a matter of fact/In practice/In reality/Practically, many food crops failed because of the drought.
实际上，因为干旱，很多粮食作物欠收。
4．It isn't hot; oppositely it's colD．
→It isn't hot; on the contrary it's colD．
天气并不热，正相反，很冷。
三、佳句仿写
用同义词替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1．People used to come and visit him every day.
→People used to come and visit him day_in_and_day_out．
人们过去每天都来拜访他。
2．He lay down and fell asleep immediately.
→He lay down and fell asleep at_once/right_now/right_away/on_the_instant．
他躺下，很快地睡着了。
3．I will certainly see you into the train.
→I will definitely/undoubtedly/obviously/apparently see you into the train.
我一定要送你上火车。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型 记叙文
主题语境 人与自我——个人经历——“我”实现了自己想要的改变
(2021·深圳市普通高中测试) My family lives in Texas.I was born and brought up in Texas and I am a graduate of the University of Texas at Austin.However，around my second year in the law school，I wanted to make a great change，which was almost unheard of for Texans：I wanted to leave!
I realized this after completing my first year internship(实习期).I knew I wanted something different and my chance came during the 2011 Super Bowl in Dallas.A snowstorm blanketed the entire city in snow and thousands of people were gathereD．I overheard that StubHub，a big company from a great city，San Francisco，was throwing a party next door to my hotel.I thought if I could get an internship，I could leave for the summer and at least see what it was like.Yes，it was a huge leap.I told myself I was ready.
There was just one problem：I wasn't invited to the StubHub party.But you know I'm the type of person who goes for something she wants.Needless to say，I crashed the party and found my way to the president.I kindly introduced myself and then asked if they had a legal internship program.Guess what？They accepted my request to be a legal intern，even though no such program existeD．
Although the legal department didn't have a permanent position for me，the experience has shaped my life.Working for a great company in San Francisco，I'm incredibly happy for making my decision to leave Texas.
By leaving Texas，I learned that it is so much more rewarding to try the unfamiliar than to stay in the comfortable.Exploring the unfamiliar is how you'll understand what fits your life.I say，dive in first.
1．What happened to the author in Dallas in 2011
A．She was accepted as a legal intern.
B．She played in the Super Bowl.
C．She escaped from San Francisco.
D．She met up with her family.
2．The author was able to leave Texas because ________．
A．she introduced herself to the president of StubHub
B．she watched the 2011 Super Bowl in Dallas
C．she dropped out of the University of Texas at Austin
D．a snowstorm blanketed the entire city in snow
3．Which is the biggest lesson that the author learned from the experience
A．You must choose a career that you like.
B．Jumping out of your comfort zone is rewarding.
C．Accepting who you are makes you realize your strengths.
D．You should listen to your family to learn about your potential.
4．Which of the following words can best describe the author
A．Patient and modest.
B．Supportive and energetiC．
C．Intelligent and humorous.
D．Determined and positive.
B
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——教育——英国政府部门敦促学校专门提供生活技能讲习班
(2021·沈阳市高三质量监测)Sixth formers are to be quizzed on whether they can cook five hot meals and how often they should change their sheets，as part of a government backed scheme to prepare them for university.Ministers are urging schools to put on special workshops for students aged 16－18 to ensure they feel comfortable with the prospect of leaving home.
The course，designed by the university accommodation provider Unite Students，will teach students how to manage their finances and how to live independently.According to the course materials，teachers should ask students questions which may not have occurred to them，such as “what is the price of a litre of milk？” and “list 5 hot meals you can cook from scratch”and“how often will you wash your sheets once you move out of home ”
Damian Hinds，the Education Secretary，said，“ We are all very conscious that moving away from home and going to university is one of the most exciting things that happen in your life but it can also be very daunting.” He said that an important part of education is preparing children for adulthood so “it is right that we teach them what to expect for life after leaving school”．Mr.Hinds said that when he got to university，he discovered he had relied on his mum more than he realised he did，adding “I wish I could have cooked better”．
Earlier this year，ministers set up a new task force called the Education Transitions Network.It is part of a drive by the Department for Education to address the rise in students who report mental health issues during their time at university.
Data released earlier this year showed that the number of students declaring mental health problems on arrival at university has surged．Figures obtained via freedom of information requests showed a 73 per cent rise between 2014－2015 and 2017－2018 in students stating that they had a condition such as depression or anxiety before starting their university courses.
5．What might be included in the course materials
A．How to balance a budget.
B．How to prepare for exams.
C．How to concentrate on study.
D．How to do physical experiment.
6．Why does Mr.Hinds mention his own experience
A．To show his love for his mother.
B．To admit himself to be a bad cook.
C．To present the worrying part of the college life.
D．To emphasise the necessity of this new course.
7．What is the main reason of the scheme
A．Parents' expectation.
B．Students' mental health issues.
C．Teachers' recommendation.
D．Students' academic performance.
8．What does the underlined word“surged” in the last paragraph mean
A．IncreaseD． B．DeclineD．
C．EmergeD． D．MoveD．
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与自我——生活方式——早餐如何吃得更好
How to Have a Better Breakfast
We've all heard that breakfast is the most important meal of the day，and that may actually be true.A study found that breakfast eaters were more likely to lose weight than those who didn't eat a morning meal.1.________ But it's not just when you eat; it's what you eat.These tips will help you really keep fit：
Eat even if you're not hungry.
Although you might not feel like eating as soon as you get up in the morning，it's a good idea to get something into your system.Eating within 90 minutes of waking up will jump start your metabolism (新陈代谢) and keep you from getting hungry later.2.________
Be boring.
Changing what you eat is a good idea in theory，but if you are watching your weight，you might want to stick with the same old menu.People who allowed their breakfast calories to change have larger waists and a higher incidence (发生率) of metabolic syndrome than folks who keep their morning calorie intake constant，no matter how much they eat the rest of the day.3.________
Add peanuts or peanut butter.
By eating peanuts or peanut butter，the carbohydrates are taken in more slowly and blood sugar does not rise as high.4.________ So they are less likely to snack later.
5．________
There's an old saying that advises “Eat breakfast like a king，lunch like a prince and dinner like a pauper.” It's worth following.Those who eat a balanced 700 calorie breakfast over a 12 week period lower their blood sugar and blood pressure twice more than people who eat a 200 calorie meal.They also lose an average of 19.2 pounds and have lower levels of ghrelin，the “hunger hormone”．
A．Go big.
B．Pile on the produce.
C．Other studies link skipping breakfast with a higher risk of developing high blood pressure，heart disease，and type 2 diabetes (糖尿病).
D．So it's worth making the effort to hold it steady.
E．It could set you up for overeating throughout the day.
F．Just a banana will do the trick.
G．Plus women feel fuller for up to 12 hours after eating the peanut butter or peanuts.
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——社会文化——打卡文化
For some people in China，the aim of travel is to create 15 second videos.It's not about where you've been，but about where you're seen to have been.
Situated on cliffs above a river，Hongyadong is a stilt house complex (建筑群) in 1.________ city of Chongqing.The bars，restaurants and golden neon lights 2.________(be) a popular draw since it was built in 2006.Last year the number of visitors increased 3.________(sharp).
The main reason，it seemed，was Hongyadong's sudden popularity on an app，Douyin，4.________ aim is not to produce a well crafted video，but simply 5.________(show) that you have also been to the popular places.The beauty of the 6.________(attract) is less important than the fact that people are flocking there to dakA．
A subculture of young people who embrace daka as a lifestyle has developeD．So called daka zu—“daka tribes”—can 7.________(find) roaming various scenic spots，8.________(check) out as many hot locations as possible within a single day.
The daka craze may have 9.________(practice) origins.China's young urban professionals don't have so much free time.Sometimes，they need to work overtime.So they have to make the best use of their 10.________(limit) leisure time.Douyin captures the mood with its slogan：“Make every second count.”
PAGE
8Unit 2 Lessons in life
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
同义副词(短语)的替换
一、多样表达
1．相反：oppositely → on the contrary
2．很少：rarely → seldom
3．仅仅：only → merely
4．每天：every day → day in and day out
5．起先：firstly → originally, initially
6．完全地：totally → absolutely, completely
7．大约：about → around, nearly, roughly, almost, approximately
8．最后：finally → eventually, accordingly, ultimately
9．肯定地：certainly → definitely, undoubtedly, obviously, apparently
10．目前：now → nowadays, at present, presently
11．偶尔，有时：now and then → at times, occasionally, once in a while
12．精准地：exactly → precisely, accurately, to an inch
13．绝不，从不：never → on no account, at no time, under no circumstance
14．立刻：immediately → right now, right away, at once, on the instant
15．平稳地：steadily → smoothly, moderately
16．经常：often → frequently, constantly, regularly
17．事实上：in fact → as a matter of fact, in practice, in reality, practically
18．非常：very → extremely, intensely, extraordinarily
二、佳句观摩
1．On Sundays, he rarely stays in the house.
→On Sundays, he seldom stays in the house.
星期天他很少待在房子里。
2．It was firstly published in the pages of a magazine.
→It was originally/initially published in the pages of a magazine.
这篇文章原先发表在一本杂志上。
3．In fact many food crops failed because of the drought.
→As a matter of fact/In practice/In reality/Practically, many food crops failed because of the drought.
实际上，因为干旱，很多粮食作物欠收。
4．It isn't hot; oppositely it's colD．
→It isn't hot; on the contrary it's colD．
天气并不热，正相反，很冷。
三、佳句仿写
用同义词替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1．People used to come and visit him every day.
→People used to come and visit him day_in_and_day_out．
人们过去每天都来拜访他。
2．He lay down and fell asleep immediately.
→He lay down and fell asleep at_once/right_now/right_away/on_the_instant．
他躺下，很快地睡着了。
3．I will certainly see you into the train.
→I will definitely/undoubtedly/obviously/apparently see you into the train.
我一定要送你上火车。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型 记叙文
主题语境 人与自我——个人经历——“我”实现了自己想要的改变
(2021·深圳市普通高中测试) My family lives in Texas.I was born and brought up in Texas and I am a graduate of the University of Texas at Austin.However，around my second year in the law school，I wanted to make a great change，which was almost unheard of for Texans：I wanted to leave!
I realized this after completing my first year internship(实习期).I knew I wanted something different and my chance came during the 2011 Super Bowl in Dallas.A snowstorm blanketed the entire city in snow and thousands of people were gathereD．I overheard that StubHub，a big company from a great city，San Francisco，was throwing a party next door to my hotel.I thought if I could get an internship，I could leave for the summer and at least see what it was like.Yes，it was a huge leap.I told myself I was ready.
There was just one problem：I wasn't invited to the StubHub party.But you know I'm the type of person who goes for something she wants.Needless to say，I crashed the party and found my way to the president.I kindly introduced myself and then asked if they had a legal internship program.Guess what？They accepted my request to be a legal intern，even though no such program existeD．
Although the legal department didn't have a permanent position for me，the experience has shaped my life.Working for a great company in San Francisco，I'm incredibly happy for making my decision to leave Texas.
By leaving Texas，I learned that it is so much more rewarding to try the unfamiliar than to stay in the comfortable.Exploring the unfamiliar is how you'll understand what fits your life.I say，dive in first.
文章大意：“我”在得克萨斯州出生、长大并在那里读大学，“我”想改变——离开那里。2011年在达拉斯，“我”偶然听到来自旧金山的一家大公司将在“我”住的酒店隔壁举行宴会，于是“我”主动创造机会向这家公司的总裁毛遂自荐，成了这家公司的法律实习生。这次经历令“我”受益匪浅，对“我”的生活影响很大，“我”对自己的决定感到开心。
1．What happened to the author in Dallas in 2011
A．She was accepted as a legal intern.
B．She played in the Super Bowl.
C．She escaped from San Francisco.
D．She met up with her family.
解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第二段的内容和第三段尾句“They accepted my request to be a legal intern”可知，2011年作者在达拉斯成了一名法律实习生，故A项正确。
2．The author was able to leave Texas because ________．
A．she introduced herself to the president of StubHub
B．she watched the 2011 Super Bowl in Dallas
C．she dropped out of the University of Texas at Austin
D．a snowstorm blanketed the entire city in snow
解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“I crashed the party and found my way to the president.I kindly introduced myself and then asked if they had a legal internship program.”可知，作者找到了StubHub公司的总裁，友好地介绍了自己，然后问他们是否有法律实习项目，并最终被接受，做了一名法律实习生，得以离开得克萨斯州，故A项正确。
3．Which is the biggest lesson that the author learned from the experience
A．You must choose a career that you like.
B．Jumping out of your comfort zone is rewarding.
C．Accepting who you are makes you realize your strengths.
D．You should listen to your family to learn about your potential.
解析：B 考查细节理解。根据尾段第一句“By leaving Texas，I learned that it is so much more rewarding to try the unfamiliar than to stay in the comfortable.”可知，通过这次经历，作者认识到跳出舒适圈是值得做的，故B项正确。
4．Which of the following words can best describe the author
A．Patient and modest.
B．Supportive and energetiC．
C．Intelligent and humorous.
D．Determined and positive.
解析：D 考查推理判断。通读全文可知，为了实现自己离开得克萨斯州的梦想，作者坚定自己的想法，勇于抓住机会并排除困难进行自我推荐；据此可推知，作者是一个有决心且自信的人，故D项正确。
B
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——教育——英国政府部门敦促学校专门提供生活技能讲习班
(2021·沈阳市高三质量监测)Sixth formers are to be quizzed on whether they can cook five hot meals and how often they should change their sheets，as part of a government backed scheme to prepare them for university.Ministers are urging schools to put on special workshops for students aged 16－18 to ensure they feel comfortable with the prospect of leaving home.
The course，designed by the university accommodation provider Unite Students，will teach students how to manage their finances and how to live independently.According to the course materials，teachers should ask students questions which may not have occurred to them，such as “what is the price of a litre of milk？” and “list 5 hot meals you can cook from scratch”and“how often will you wash your sheets once you move out of home ”
Damian Hinds，the Education Secretary，said，“ We are all very conscious that moving away from home and going to university is one of the most exciting things that happen in your life but it can also be very daunting.” He said that an important part of education is preparing children for adulthood so “it is right that we teach them what to expect for life after leaving school”．Mr.Hinds said that when he got to university，he discovered he had relied on his mum more than he realised he did，adding “I wish I could have cooked better”．
Earlier this year，ministers set up a new task force called the Education Transitions Network.It is part of a drive by the Department for Education to address the rise in students who report mental health issues during their time at university.
Data released earlier this year showed that the number of students declaring mental health problems on arrival at university has surged．Figures obtained via freedom of information requests showed a 73 per cent rise between 2014－2015 and 2017－2018 in students stating that they had a condition such as depression or anxiety before starting their university courses.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。近年来存在精神健康问题的大学生人数上升，为了让学生更好地为上大学做准备，英国政府部门敦促学校为16至18岁的学生专门提供特殊的讲习班，教他们如何管理个人财务以及如何独立地生活。
5．What might be included in the course materials
A．How to balance a budget.
B．How to prepare for exams.
C．How to concentrate on study.
D．How to do physical experiment.
解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“The course...will teach students how to manage their finances and how to live independently.”可知，该课程将教学生如何管理他们的财务以及如何独立地生活，由此可知，A项表述的内容可能被包括在课程教材内，故选A。
6．Why does Mr.Hinds mention his own experience
A．To show his love for his mother.
B．To admit himself to be a bad cook.
C．To present the worrying part of the college life.
D．To emphasise the necessity of this new course.
解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“He said that an important part of education...so‘it is right that we teach them what to expect for life after school’．”可推知，Mr.Hinds紧接着提到自己的经历是为了强调开展新课程的必要性，故D项正确。
7．What is the main reason of the scheme
A．Parents' expectation.
B．Students' mental health issues.
C．Teachers' recommendation.
D．Students' academic performance.
解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“It is part of a drive by the Department for Education to address the rise in students who report mental health issues during their time at university.”可知，建立一个新的特别工作组是英国教育部为解决大学期间有精神健康问题的学生人数增长这一问题而做出的部分努力，故可推知，实行这个计划的主要原因是学生们的精神健康问题，故选B。
8．What does the underlined word“surged” in the last paragraph mean
A．IncreaseD． B．DeclineD．
C．EmergeD． D．MoveD．
解析：A 考查词义猜测。画线词所在句中，has surged的主语为the number of students，结合后一句中的“Figures”和“a 73 per cent rise”可推知，画线词的含义与A项词义最接近，故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与自我——生活方式——早餐如何吃得更好
How to Have a Better Breakfast
We've all heard that breakfast is the most important meal of the day，and that may actually be true.A study found that breakfast eaters were more likely to lose weight than those who didn't eat a morning meal.1.________ But it's not just when you eat; it's what you eat.These tips will help you really keep fit：
Eat even if you're not hungry.
Although you might not feel like eating as soon as you get up in the morning，it's a good idea to get something into your system.Eating within 90 minutes of waking up will jump start your metabolism (新陈代谢) and keep you from getting hungry later.2.________
Be boring.
Changing what you eat is a good idea in theory，but if you are watching your weight，you might want to stick with the same old menu.People who allowed their breakfast calories to change have larger waists and a higher incidence (发生率) of metabolic syndrome than folks who keep their morning calorie intake constant，no matter how much they eat the rest of the day.3.________
Add peanuts or peanut butter.
By eating peanuts or peanut butter，the carbohydrates are taken in more slowly and blood sugar does not rise as high.4.________ So they are less likely to snack later.
5．________
There's an old saying that advises “Eat breakfast like a king，lunch like a prince and dinner like a pauper.” It's worth following.Those who eat a balanced 700 calorie breakfast over a 12 week period lower their blood sugar and blood pressure twice more than people who eat a 200 calorie meal.They also lose an average of 19.2 pounds and have lower levels of ghrelin，the “hunger hormone”．
A．Go big.
B．Pile on the produce.
C．Other studies link skipping breakfast with a higher risk of developing high blood pressure，heart disease，and type 2 diabetes (糖尿病).
D．So it's worth making the effort to hold it steady.
E．It could set you up for overeating throughout the day.
F．Just a banana will do the trick.
G．Plus women feel fuller for up to 12 hours after eating the peanut butter or peanuts.
文章大意：早餐是一天中最重要的一餐，吃早餐的人比不吃早餐的人更可能减肥，文中就如何吃更好的早餐给出了四点建议。
1．解析：C 根据空前一句可知，一项研究发现，吃早餐的人比不吃早餐的人更有可能减肥。故C项符合语境，说明其他研究发现不吃早餐的害处。C项中的“Other studies”与空前一句中的“A study”呼应。
2．解析：F 根据该段的标题以及空前一句可知，F项“仅仅一个香蕉也会起作用”符合语境，承接上文。
3．解析：D 根据空前一句可知，早餐卡路里摄入量改变的人比那些保持卡路里摄入量不变的人有更大的腰围以及更高的患新陈代谢综合征的几率，由此可知D项“所以努力保持其稳定是值得的”符合语境，承接上文。D项中的“it”就是指前一句中的“calorie intake”。故选D。
4．解析：G 根据该段标题以及空后的“So they are less likely to snack later”可知G项符合语境，且该项中的“peanut butter or peanuts”与标题呼应。
5．解析：A 空处为段落小标题。根据该段第一句中的“Eat breakfast like a king”可知，早餐要吃得丰富，且下文讲到早餐卡路里摄入量多更有益，与A项“Go big”相呼应。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——社会文化——打卡文化
For some people in China，the aim of travel is to create 15 second videos.It's not about where you've been，but about where you're seen to have been.
Situated on cliffs above a river，Hongyadong is a stilt house complex (建筑群) in 1.________ city of Chongqing.The bars，restaurants and golden neon lights 2.________(be) a popular draw since it was built in 2006.Last year the number of visitors increased 3.________(sharp).
The main reason，it seemed，was Hongyadong's sudden popularity on an app，Douyin，4.________ aim is not to produce a well crafted video，but simply 5.________(show) that you have also been to the popular places.The beauty of the 6.________(attract) is less important than the fact that people are flocking there to dakA．
A subculture of young people who embrace daka as a lifestyle has developeD．So called daka zu—“daka tribes”—can 7.________(find) roaming various scenic spots，8.________(check) out as many hot locations as possible within a single day.
The daka craze may have 9.________(practice) origins.China's young urban professionals don't have so much free time.Sometimes，they need to work overtime.So they have to make the best use of their 10.________(limit) leisure time.Douyin captures the mood with its slogan：“Make every second count.”
文章大意：该文主要以洪崖洞为例介绍了因抖音短视频应用程序而流行的打卡文化。打卡热潮源于城市专业人员休闲时间少，他们想利用好有限的休闲时间。
1．解析：the 考查冠词。此处特指重庆市，故用定冠词the。
2．解析：have been 考查时态和主谓一致。此句中含有since引导的时间状语从句，从句的谓语动词为一般过去时，且结合常识可知，主句的状态延续至今，故主句应用现在完成时，又主语为复数形式，所以填have been。
3．解析：sharply 考查副词。此处修饰动词increased，应用副词，所以填sharply。
4．解析：whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作定语，先行词为Douyin，此处表示它(抖音)的目的，故应用关系代词whose。
5．解析：to show 考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处与该句中的“to produce”并列作表语，故填to show。
6．解析：attraction 考查词形转换。根据空前的定冠词the并结合语境可知，此处表示“景点的美”，应用名词，所以填attraction。
7．解析：be found 考查语态。此处表示所谓的打卡族会被发现在各种景点闲逛，动词find和主语daka zu为被动关系，应用被动语态，又其前为情态动词can，所以填be found。
8．解析：checking 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处与roaming并列作主语的补足语。所以填checking。
9．解析：practical 考查词性转换。此处修饰其后的名词origins，表示“实际性的起因”，应用形容词，所以填practical。
10．解析：limited 考查形容词。此处修饰其后的名词词组leisure time，应用形容词，所以填limited“有限的”。
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