Unit 2 Improving yourself
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
明喻修辞法
明喻是英语多种修辞手法中最常见的一种。所谓修辞手法，就是根据表达需要，运用有效的语言手段来提高语言的表达效果，使语言表达具有准确性、鲜明性和生动性的语言运用方式。恰当地使用修辞手法，可以使文章更加生动，更具有表现力，蕴意丰富，引人入胜。
明喻是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，常用的明喻标志词有like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to等。
一、好句欣赏
1．Love is like the wind, you can't see it but you can feel it.
爱如风，你看不见，但你能感受到它。
2．I couldn't move my legs.It was as if they were stuck to the floor.
我的腿动不了，就好像给固定在地板上似的。
3．The ground is as hard as stone after the drought.
干旱之后土地硬得就像石头一样。
4．It seemed as if the world was at an enD．
似乎是到了世界末日。
5．John saw the car coming and stood still as a statue.
看到车子过来，约翰像石像一样站着一动不动。
6．Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.
读书与思想的关系就好比食物与健康的关系。
二、小试牛刀
1．She hung her head like_a_dying_flower．
她像一朵枯萎的花一样低着头。
2．Life is like_riding_a_bicycle．To keep your balance, you must keep moving.
人生如同骑自行车，你必须继续前行才能保持平衡。
3．He_looks_as_though he hasn't had a square meal for months.
瞧他那样子，好像几个月没吃过一顿饱饭似的。
4．Kyle looked at the test with a stare as_blank_as_his_notebook．
凯尔茫然地看着试卷，大脑如同他的笔记本一样空白。
5．I remember the whole thing as_if_it_happened_yesterday．
这整件事我都记得很清楚，就好像是在昨天发生的。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型 应用文
主题语境 人与自我——丰富自我——间隔年教育项目
(2021·贵阳市高三期中检测) Below you will find a profile of each gap year program.If there is a specific program you are interested in or a question you have regarding these programs，please feel free to contact them directly.
Youth International
Since 1997，Youth International has provided many people with the most exciting and educational experience of their life.It is a learning program that combines international travel, intercultural exchange, home stays, volunteer community service work and outdoor adventures.
Phone：1 720 270 3323
Carpe Diem Education
Through volunteer service，travel and cultural exchange，students of Carpe Diem Education receive a personal insight into themselves and their cultures.We specialize in guiding summer and semester programs for high school students.Each course is carefully crafted to develop leadership and self awareness within our students，who return home better prepared to be leaders in thought and action.
Phone：503 285 1800
Center for Interim Programs
Founded in 1980，the Center for Interim Programs is the first independent gap year organization in AmericA．Based on students' interests and budget，our experienced teachers help make individual course choices including low cost volunteer options，language programs，research trips，and so on.We are committed to helping students find more experiences of formal education and work.
Phone：413 585 0980
EF Gap Year
An EF Gap Year offers students the ability to explore several countries where you will learn a language，volunteer for a good cause，gain international work experience.Choose between a 12 week semester or 25 week academic year.You can then personalize your program to meet your learning goals and interests by deciding where，when，and how you wish to study on your own.Our well structured curriculum even allows you to have college level classes and earn credits toward graduation.
Phone：1 800 726 9746
1．Which phone number can you dial if you want to improve your leadership
A．1 720 270 3323. B．503 285 1800.
C．413 585 0980. D．1 800 726 9746.
2．What is EF Gap Year's unique feature
A．Its reasonable fee.
B．Its experienced teachers.
C．Its flexible study time.
D．Its diverse curriculum choices.
3．What do the four programs have in common
A．They pay attention to volunteer service work.
B．They combine education with home stays.
C．They mainly offer cross cultural education.
D．They raise students' interest in adventure.
B
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与自我——认识自我——意志力的保持与增强
(2021·广州市高三年级阶段训练题) A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower.Most of the researchers exploring self control do so with an obvious goal in mind：How can willpower be strengthened？If willpower is truly a limited resource，as the research suggests，what can be done to make it stay strong
Avoiding temptation (诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self control，which is called the “out of sight，out of mind” principle.One recent study，for instance，found office workers are less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks in plain sight.
The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir (储备) of self control raises a troubling question.When we face too many temptations，are we to fail？Not necessarily.Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausteD．Rather，people appear to hold some willpower in reserve，saved for future demands.The right motivation allows us to tap_into those reserves，allowing us to carry on even when our self control strength has been run down.High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower—at least up to a point.
Willpower may also be made less vulnerable (脆弱的) to being exhausted in the first place.Researchers who study self control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use.But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison，they say.While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term，they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term.Similarly，regular practices of self control may improve willpower strength.
The evidence from willpower exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year's Eve is the worst possible approach.Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas，so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time.In other words，don't try to quit smoking，adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time.Taking goals one by one is a better approach.Once a good habit is in place，Baumeister says，you'll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior.Eventually healthy habits will become routine，and won't require making decisions at all.
4．From the studies in the passage we learn that ________．
A．people have unlimited self control
B．high motivation ensures one's success
C．willpower is hardly completely exhausted
D．too many temptations often lead to failure
5．The underlined phrase “tap into” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “________”．
A．make use of B．run out of
C．build D．increase
6．The author compares self control to muscles to ________．
A．prove the long term effects of willpower
B．show the significance of regular exercise
C．argue that self control can be easily used up
D．explain the benefits of practicing self control
7．To develop a good habit，which of the following does the author prefer
A．To give up dessert and do exercise.
B．To set three goals this new semester.
C．To read an English novel every month.
D．To keep myself from any temptation.
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——社会生活——探索工作可能性的方法
(2021·福州市高三质量检测) Exploring work possibilities is quite an emotional challenge for people.The desire to simplify the process by focusing on one attractive option，instead of keeping your eyes open for even more possibilities，can be very strong.Naturally，we'd rather make a decision and get on with our lives.1.________ However，putting off a decision until you have finished your detective work can pay off in ways you can't even imagine now.So，learn to explore work possibilities as though it was a treasure hunt.
Uncertainties are not the only challenge holding you back.2.________You may be unwilling to ask strangers about their work or to ask your colleagues for help because you fear rejection.Or，you may fear failure.Don't let these fears block your search.Remember that one definition of success is “doing your very best to realize your dreams”．3.________
There are three ways to learn about work possibilities that you already know and to discover more possibilities.The easiest and quickest way is to read career information materials available on the Internet，in newspapers and magazines.
4．________They can give you an “insider's opinion”．Spend your time with people as constructively as possible by asking about the local situation or other things not covered in printed materials.
The best way to learn about the work is to “try it on for size” by getting some related experience.
5．________That greatly increases your ability to “mix and match” information later on to discover，or even create work possibilities that would be ideal for you.
A．Identify your own ability.
B．Explore as many options as possible.
C．We wouldn't like to live with uncertainties.
D．The only way you can fail is to do nothing.
E．Talk to people who are knowledgeable about the work.
F．The following is what you should do to explore work possibilities.
G．Fear is most likely the biggest emotional challenge to successful career building.
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——学校生活——开设活字印刷术课程
Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first class 1.________ March 1st on movable type.This is 2.________ ancient Chinese printing system.
The West Lake Primary School in Zhejiang Province has introduced the course in the new term，An expert in Chinese characters culture has been invited to the campus，3.________ major responsibility is to teach students how 4.________ (use) the ancient printing technology.Students attend lectures on the history of movable type along with 5.________ (interest) classes on typesetting and printing.They then print their own document，6.________ (apply) the knowledge they've learneD．One student printed her 7.________ (new) written essay“Whether the traditional red envelopes kids receive belong to them or their parents？”
8．________ (know) as one of the four great inventions of ancient China，movable type printing 9.________ (invent) by Bi Sheng in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty，and it is the world's first system of movable type printing.
The school said the course is aimed at improving the students' awareness of Chinese characters and their 10.________ (appreciate) of Chinese culture.
PAGE
8Unit 2 Improving yourself
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
明喻修辞法
明喻是英语多种修辞手法中最常见的一种。所谓修辞手法，就是根据表达需要，运用有效的语言手段来提高语言的表达效果，使语言表达具有准确性、鲜明性和生动性的语言运用方式。恰当地使用修辞手法，可以使文章更加生动，更具有表现力，蕴意丰富，引人入胜。
明喻是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，常用的明喻标志词有like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to等。
一、好句欣赏
1．Love is like the wind, you can't see it but you can feel it.
爱如风，你看不见，但你能感受到它。
2．I couldn't move my legs.It was as if they were stuck to the floor.
我的腿动不了，就好像给固定在地板上似的。
3．The ground is as hard as stone after the drought.
干旱之后土地硬得就像石头一样。
4．It seemed as if the world was at an enD．
似乎是到了世界末日。
5．John saw the car coming and stood still as a statue.
看到车子过来，约翰像石像一样站着一动不动。
6．Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.
读书与思想的关系就好比食物与健康的关系。
二、小试牛刀
1．She hung her head like_a_dying_flower．
她像一朵枯萎的花一样低着头。
2．Life is like_riding_a_bicycle．To keep your balance, you must keep moving.
人生如同骑自行车，你必须继续前行才能保持平衡。
3．He_looks_as_though he hasn't had a square meal for months.
瞧他那样子，好像几个月没吃过一顿饱饭似的。
4．Kyle looked at the test with a stare as_blank_as_his_notebook．
凯尔茫然地看着试卷，大脑如同他的笔记本一样空白。
5．I remember the whole thing as_if_it_happened_yesterday．
这整件事我都记得很清楚，就好像是在昨天发生的。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型 应用文
主题语境 人与自我——丰富自我——间隔年教育项目
(2021·贵阳市高三期中检测) Below you will find a profile of each gap year program.If there is a specific program you are interested in or a question you have regarding these programs，please feel free to contact them directly.
Youth International
Since 1997，Youth International has provided many people with the most exciting and educational experience of their life.It is a learning program that combines international travel, intercultural exchange, home stays, volunteer community service work and outdoor adventures.
Phone：1 720 270 3323
Carpe Diem Education
Through volunteer service，travel and cultural exchange，students of Carpe Diem Education receive a personal insight into themselves and their cultures.We specialize in guiding summer and semester programs for high school students.Each course is carefully crafted to develop leadership and self awareness within our students，who return home better prepared to be leaders in thought and action.
Phone：503 285 1800
Center for Interim Programs
Founded in 1980，the Center for Interim Programs is the first independent gap year organization in AmericA．Based on students' interests and budget，our experienced teachers help make individual course choices including low cost volunteer options，language programs，research trips，and so on.We are committed to helping students find more experiences of formal education and work.
Phone：413 585 0980
EF Gap Year
An EF Gap Year offers students the ability to explore several countries where you will learn a language，volunteer for a good cause，gain international work experience.Choose between a 12 week semester or 25 week academic year.You can then personalize your program to meet your learning goals and interests by deciding where，when，and how you wish to study on your own.Our well structured curriculum even allows you to have college level classes and earn credits toward graduation.
Phone：1 800 726 9746
文章大意：文章介绍了在间隔年期间学生可以选择的一些教育项目。
1．Which phone number can you dial if you want to improve your leadership
A．1 720 270 3323. B．503 285 1800.
C．413 585 0980. D．1 800 726 9746.
解析：B 考查细节理解。根据题干中的关键词“leadership”定位到Carpe Diem Education部分中的“Each course is carefully crafted to develop leadership”，由该部分中的电话号码可知答案选B。
2．What is EF Gap Year's unique feature
A．Its reasonable fee.
B．Its experienced teachers.
C．Its flexible study time.
D．Its diverse curriculum choices.
解析：C 考查细节理解。根据EF Gap Year部分第三句“You can then personalize your program...on your own.”可知，你可以根据自己的学习目标和兴趣，决定在何地、何时、以何种方式学习，从而使你的课程个性化。由此可知，该项目的独特之处在于学习时间、地点与方式可以灵活选择。故选C。
3．What do the four programs have in common
A．They pay attention to volunteer service work.
B．They combine education with home stays.
C．They mainly offer cross cultural education.
D．They raise students' interest in adventure.
解析：A 考查细节理解。根据Youth International部分中的“volunteer community service work”、Carpe Diem Education部分中的“Through volunteer service”、Center for Interim Programs部分中的“low cost volunteer options”以及EF Gap Year部分中的“volunteer for a good cause”可知，这四个项目的共同之处在于它们都关注志愿者服务工作。故选A。
B
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与自我——认识自我——意志力的保持与增强
(2021·广州市高三年级阶段训练题) A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower.Most of the researchers exploring self control do so with an obvious goal in mind：How can willpower be strengthened？If willpower is truly a limited resource，as the research suggests，what can be done to make it stay strong
Avoiding temptation (诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self control，which is called the “out of sight，out of mind” principle.One recent study，for instance，found office workers are less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks in plain sight.
The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir (储备) of self control raises a troubling question.When we face too many temptations，are we to fail？Not necessarily.Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausteD．Rather，people appear to hold some willpower in reserve，saved for future demands.The right motivation allows us to tap_into those reserves，allowing us to carry on even when our self control strength has been run down.High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower—at least up to a point.
Willpower may also be made less vulnerable (脆弱的) to being exhausted in the first place.Researchers who study self control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use.But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison，they say.While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term，they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term.Similarly，regular practices of self control may improve willpower strength.
The evidence from willpower exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year's Eve is the worst possible approach.Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas，so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time.In other words，don't try to quit smoking，adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time.Taking goals one by one is a better approach.Once a good habit is in place，Baumeister says，you'll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior.Eventually healthy habits will become routine，and won't require making decisions at all.
文章大意：避免诱惑可以保持意志力，且人们似乎保留了一些意志力，以备将来之需；正确的动机能让我们利用这些储备，让我们在自控力下降的时候也能坚持下去，且有规律的训练也能让我们增强意志力，但要注意避免过度使用意志力。
4．From the studies in the passage we learn that ________．
A．people have unlimited self control
B．high motivation ensures one's success
C．willpower is hardly completely exhausted
D．too many temptations often lead to failure
解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第三段第四、五句“Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausteD．..saved for future demands.”可知，研究人员认为一个人的意志力不会完全耗尽，更确切地说，人们似乎保留了一些意志力，以备将来之需。故选C。
5．The underlined phrase “tap into” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “________”．
A．make use of B．run out of
C．build D．increase
解析：A 考查词义猜测。根据该句后半句“allowing us to carry on even when our self control strength has been run down”可知，正确的动机能让我们在自控力下降的时候也能坚持下去，而之所以这样，是因为人们可以利用前一句中提到的“意志力储备”(some willpower in reserve)，画线短语在此处表示利用，故A项符合题意。
6．The author compares self control to muscles to ________．
A．prove the long term effects of willpower
B．show the significance of regular exercise
C．argue that self control can be easily used up
D．explain the benefits of practicing self control
解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第四段倒数第一、二句可知，虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲劳，但长期有规律的运动可以增强肌肉；同样，有规律的自我控制训练可以提高意志力。由此可推知，作者将自控能力比作肌肉是为了说明进行自我控制训练的好处。故选D。
7．To develop a good habit，which of the following does the author prefer
A．To give up dessert and do exercise.
B．To set three goals this new semester.
C．To read an English novel every month.
D．To keep myself from any temptation.
解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第五段第二和第四句可知，在一个领域筋疲力尽会降低在其他领域的意志力，所以一次专注于一个目标更明智。由此可推知，为了养成一个好习惯，作者更喜欢C项描述的情境。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——社会生活——探索工作可能性的方法
(2021·福州市高三质量检测) Exploring work possibilities is quite an emotional challenge for people.The desire to simplify the process by focusing on one attractive option，instead of keeping your eyes open for even more possibilities，can be very strong.Naturally，we'd rather make a decision and get on with our lives.1.________ However，putting off a decision until you have finished your detective work can pay off in ways you can't even imagine now.So，learn to explore work possibilities as though it was a treasure hunt.
Uncertainties are not the only challenge holding you back.2.________You may be unwilling to ask strangers about their work or to ask your colleagues for help because you fear rejection.Or，you may fear failure.Don't let these fears block your search.Remember that one definition of success is “doing your very best to realize your dreams”．3.________
There are three ways to learn about work possibilities that you already know and to discover more possibilities.The easiest and quickest way is to read career information materials available on the Internet，in newspapers and magazines.
4．________They can give you an “insider's opinion”．Spend your time with people as constructively as possible by asking about the local situation or other things not covered in printed materials.
The best way to learn about the work is to “try it on for size” by getting some related experience.
5．________That greatly increases your ability to “mix and match” information later on to discover，or even create work possibilities that would be ideal for you.
A．Identify your own ability.
B．Explore as many options as possible.
C．We wouldn't like to live with uncertainties.
D．The only way you can fail is to do nothing.
E．Talk to people who are knowledgeable about the work.
F．The following is what you should do to explore work possibilities.
G．Fear is most likely the biggest emotional challenge to successful career building.
文章大意：人人都喜欢过着稳定的生活，不想生活在不确定的状态中。然而，探索工作可能性虽然有一定的挑战，但却能够给你带来意想不到的东西。本文就此介绍了三种探索工作可能性的方法。
1．解析：C C项中的“We wouldn't like”和空前一句中的“we'd rather”形成对比，代入C项(我们不愿意生活在不确定的状态中)，其符合语境，并与下文“Uncertainties are not the only challenge holding you back.”呼应，所以选C项。
2．解析：G G项中的“the biggest emotional challenge”和空前一句中的“not the only challenge”相呼应，该项表述恐惧最可能是构建成功职业的最大情感挑战，与下文衔接，故选G项。
3．解析：D D项中的“fail”和“do nothing”和空前一句中的“success”和“doing your very best”形成对比，且D项表述的内容与此处匹配。
4．解析：E 分析文章结构并根据空处所处位置可知，空处为该段的中心句。该段主要是建议人们咨询那些对工作很在行的人，所以选E项。
5．解析：B 根据该空的位置可知，该空是最后一段的段首句，起总结上文内容的作用，与第一段首句“Exploring work possibilities is quite an emotional challenge for people.”形成呼应，且与下一句中表述的混合重组信息相衔接，所以选B项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——学校生活——开设活字印刷术课程
Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first class 1.________ March 1st on movable type.This is 2.________ ancient Chinese printing system.
The West Lake Primary School in Zhejiang Province has introduced the course in the new term，An expert in Chinese characters culture has been invited to the campus，3.________ major responsibility is to teach students how 4.________ (use) the ancient printing technology.Students attend lectures on the history of movable type along with 5.________ (interest) classes on typesetting and printing.They then print their own document，6.________ (apply) the knowledge they've learneD．One student printed her 7.________ (new) written essay“Whether the traditional red envelopes kids receive belong to them or their parents？”
8．________ (know) as one of the four great inventions of ancient China，movable type printing 9.________ (invent) by Bi Sheng in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty，and it is the world's first system of movable type printing.
The school said the course is aimed at improving the students' awareness of Chinese characters and their 10.________ (appreciate) of Chinese culture.
文章大意：杭州的一所小学开设活字印刷术课程以增强学生的汉字意识和提高中国文化鉴赏水平。本文介绍了该校的课程开设情况并简要介绍了活字印刷术。
1．解析：on 考查介词。表示在具体的某一天，用介词on。
2．解析：an 考查冠词。此处表示“一个古老的中国印刷系统”，表泛指，system是可数名词，且ancient的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
3．解析：whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，major responsibility与先行词An expert之间为所属关系，故填whose。
4．解析：to use 考查动词不定式。此处考查固定用法teach sB． how to do sth.。此处为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
5．解析：interesting 考查词形转换。修饰名词用形容词，根据空后的“classes”可知，此处应用interesting“有趣的”修饰。
6．解析：applying 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词apply与其逻辑主语They之间是主谓关系，应用其现在分词形式作状语。
7．解析：newly 考查副词。written是动词write的过去分词，修饰动词应用副词，故填newly。
8．解析：Known 考查非谓语动词。动词Know与其逻辑主语movable type printing之间是动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式。
9．解析：was invented 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。由该句中的时间状语“in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty”可知，此处应用一般过去时；根据空后的“by”可知，此处应用被动语态，又因movable type printing作主语，为第三人称单数，故填was invented。
10．解析：appreciation 考查词形转换。their是形容词性物主代词，其后应跟名词，故填appreciation。
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