Unit 2 Making a difference
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
增分添彩的高级介词短语
1．with determination 坚定地；毅然决然地，坚忍不拔地
2．with interest 饶有兴趣地
3．with confidence 满怀信心地
4．with patience 耐心地
5．with pride 骄傲地；自豪地
6．with enthusiasm 热心地；热情地；感兴趣地
7．with sympathy 同情地
8．with sadness 伤心地
9．with fear 害怕地
10．with courage 勇敢地
11．with joy 高兴地
12．with/in embarrassment 难为情地；尴尬地
13．with/in satisfaction 满意地
14．with/in disgust 厌恶地
15．with/in relief 如释重负地；松了口气；欣慰地
16．in amazement 吃惊地
17．in secret 秘密地；偷偷地
18．in shock 震惊地
19．in fear＝in (a) panic＝in terror＝in horror
害怕地
20．in puzzlement 困惑地
一、佳句观摩
1．Hotel staff should handle guest's complaint with patience．
酒店员工应该耐心地对待客人的抱怨。
2．I don't like golf, but my brother plays it with enthusiasm.
我不喜欢打高尔夫球， 但我兄弟很喜欢打。
3．If you are a person with determination, I believe that nothing can deter you.
只要你是有心人，我相信没什么事情能难住你。
4．She turned away in embarrassment.
她难为情地扭过脸去。
5．She frowned in puzzlement.
她困惑地蹙着眉。
6．I left the room in disgust at their conversation.
我对他们的对话感到反感， 便离开了房间。
二、佳句仿写
1．Look others in the eye and walk_with_confidence．
直视他人，自信地行走。
2．He stares at the beggar with_sympathy．
他同情地凝视着那个乞丐。
3．Her heart bounded with_joy．
因为喜悦，她的心怦怦直跳。
4．They stopped in their tracks and stared at him in_amazement．
他们突然停下，惊讶地盯着他。
5．Many of the people we ran into were still in_shock．
我们碰到的许多人依然还在惊慌之中。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型 记叙文
主题语境 人与社会——爱心故事——帮助无家可归者过冬的无私女士
(2021·福建省高三质检) Life on the street is a constant struggle for homeless people.In times of extreme weather conditions，that struggle becomes even more difficult.Recently，homeless people across Chicago faced freezing to death if they couldn't find shelter for the night.
Thankfully，one local woman refused to let that happen.On January 30，2018，34 year old Candice Payne，a local managing broker，was lucky enough to have shelter from the dangerous conditions.
“It was －20℃，and I knew they were going to be sleeping on ice and I had to do something，” said Payne.Payne started brainstorming different ways she could possibly help.Finally，she decided to see if there were any rooms available at local inns and hotels that she could get to help those stuck on the street.
For Payne，her mission was personal.According to Payne，her husband，Carlos Callahan，had lived on the streets at one point in his life.Based on his experiences，Payne knew that the homeless people still out on the street desperately needed help and that if she didn't step up to help，no one likely woulD．
However，when Payne explained what she was trying to do，many of the local hotels refused to allow her to pay for the rooms as they didn't want homeless people to stay in their rooms.“No one wanted them，but one hotel，the Amber Inn，was nice enough to allow me to buy the rooms，” said Payne.
Payne's selfless act made news across the country.However，she insisted she had never done it for attention.“I am a regular person，” said Payne，who spent thousands of dollars of her own money to help complete strangers.“It all sounded like a rich person did this，but I'm just a little black girl from the South Side.”
1．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Locals living on the street.
B．The homeless freezing to death.
C．The extreme weather.
D．The shelter for the homeless.
2．How did Candice Payne help the homeless people
A．By drawing public attention.
B．By giving them money directly.
C．By taking them to her own house.
D．By buying hotel rooms for them.
3．What may contribute to Payne's nice act
A．Her husband's past experiences.
B．The requests from the homeless.
C．Her desire to become famous.
D．The coldness of local hotels.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．A Black Fighter Changes the World
B．A Woman's Curiosity Brings a Reward
C．A Regular Woman Makes a Difference
D．A Couple's Brave Act Moves the Country
B
语篇类型 记叙文
主题语境 人与社会——社会生活——善有善报
“Pay it forward” is a new saying which means donating money or performing good deeds without hoping for recognition.As far as the receiver of the money，gift，or good deed is concerned，he or she is told only to do something good for someone else.
When Scott，a homeless man，spent his last $15，he wasn't looking at it as an investment，but it's about to pay him huge profits.After he helped a woman who ran out of gas，she returned the favor by raising a lot more on the Internet.
Emily McClure，26，was driving home when she ran out of gas halfway.“He saw me pull over and knew something was wrong，” she wrote.“He told me to get back in the car and lock the doors.A few minutes later，he came back with a red gas can，using his last 15 dollars to make sure I could get home safely.”
She couldn't repay him at that time because she had no cash with her.“I have been stopping by his spot for the past few weeks.I repaid him for the gas and gave him some clothes.”
Emily decided to do more for him，so she started a crowdfunding (众筹) campaign on GoFundMe，and it quickly gained far beyond its initial $10，000 goal.When it reached $100，000，the fund raising page was shut down for a time at Scott's request.He didn't want people to think he was taking advantage of the situation.Finally，Emily said that she restarted it because the public interest had not decreaseD．She also added that Scott planned to donate the rest to a good cause.
According to The Washington Times，Scott wants to get a job at a warehouse and a department manager from a company has already reached out to Scott.
5．Why did Scott buy a can of gas for Emily
A．To get huge profits from her.
B．To get a job to make a living.
C．To get a chance to become famous.
D．To make sure she could get home safely.
6．Why was the fund raising page closed for a time
A．People had no more interest in donation.
B．Emily was too busy to make efforts for it.
C．Scott was unwilling to be considered greedy.
D．The goal to raise $10，000 had been achieveD．
7．Which of the following best describes Scott
A．Flexible but mean.
B．Caring and supportive.
C．Honest but stubborn.
D．Aggressive and demanding.
8．What does the author want to tell us from the text
A．Two heads are better than one.
B．One good turn deserves another.
C．One man's meat is another man's poison.
D．A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与自然——环境保护——如何养成环保的生活方式
Leading a sustainable(不破坏环境的)lifestyle doesn't require you to have to make great changes to your home，and this kind of transformation doesn't have to be an exhausting exercise.1.________ Here are three of them.
2．________ By using solar energy，you will make your home far more sustainable.So long as there is the sun in the sky，the solar panels atop your house will catch the rays and then transform them into electricity.
Make changes to your water drinking habits.Have you ever thought about how many single use plastic bottles you use a year？If you should ever perform such a count，you'd find yourself well into three figures，or maybe even four.3.________ To be truly sustainable，you've to change your water drinking habits.
4．________ More often than not，these types of straws are used only once before being got rid of and taking up valuable landfill space.
Reduce your transport emission (排放).If you want to be a more sustainable traveller，you should seek to reduce the carbon emissions you produce by avoiding driving.Of course，avoiding motor vehicles entirely isn't always going to be a practical choice for you.There're，however，still things you can do to be more sustainable.5.________
You have the power to make a sustainable change to your lifestyle—take the above advice and don't waste it.
A．Turn to solar energy.
B．Avoid wasting valuable resources.
C．The best thing you can do is cycle，walk，or run.
D．Two choices you have are sharing cars and taking public transport.
E．There're many easy and simple things you can do to be more sustainable.
F．Another change you can make in this instance is to stop using plastic straws.
G．Drinking water like this might be quick，easy and convenient，but it's not sustainable.
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇类型 新闻报道
主题语境 人与社会——社会服务——众志成城抗击疫情
(2021·山东模拟卷三)China has decided 1.____________ (donate) another $30 million to the World Health Organization for containing COVID 19 and supporting developing countries in improving their health systems.
“The world is at a crucial stage in fighting the pandemic, and support for the WHO means 2.____________ (defend) multilateralism and upholding the authority of the United Nations”， said Foreign Ministry spokesman Geng Shuang, 3.____________ made the announcement on Thursday.
China previously donated $20 million to the WHO for tackling the virus.China's donation 4.____________ (show) the support the Chinese government and people have for the WHO, as well as their trust in the 5.____________ (organize), Geng said at a daily news conference.
Since the outbreak started, the WHO 6.____________ (carry) out its duty, adhering to an objective, fair and scientific position, and has played an important part in coordinating efforts 7.____________ countries and promoting international cooperation to control the pandemic, Geng saiD．
8．____________ decision came in less than two weeks after the US announced it would 9.____________ (temporary) stop funding the WHO, while many other countries voiced their support for the organization.
“Working in unity is the only way that the international community can overcome the virus”， he reiterated, adding that China hopes to cooperate with all 10.____________ (party) in this fight, and contribute to the building of a community with a shared future for mankinD．
PAGE
8Unit 2 Making a difference
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
增分添彩的高级介词短语
1．with determination 坚定地；毅然决然地，坚忍不拔地
2．with interest 饶有兴趣地
3．with confidence 满怀信心地
4．with patience 耐心地
5．with pride 骄傲地；自豪地
6．with enthusiasm 热心地；热情地；感兴趣地
7．with sympathy 同情地
8．with sadness 伤心地
9．with fear 害怕地
10．with courage 勇敢地
11．with joy 高兴地
12．with/in embarrassment 难为情地；尴尬地
13．with/in satisfaction 满意地
14．with/in disgust 厌恶地
15．with/in relief 如释重负地；松了口气；欣慰地
16．in amazement 吃惊地
17．in secret 秘密地；偷偷地
18．in shock 震惊地
19．in fear＝in (a) panic＝in terror＝in horror
害怕地
20．in puzzlement 困惑地
一、佳句观摩
1．Hotel staff should handle guest's complaint with patience．
酒店员工应该耐心地对待客人的抱怨。
2．I don't like golf, but my brother plays it with enthusiasm.
我不喜欢打高尔夫球， 但我兄弟很喜欢打。
3．If you are a person with determination, I believe that nothing can deter you.
只要你是有心人，我相信没什么事情能难住你。
4．She turned away in embarrassment.
她难为情地扭过脸去。
5．She frowned in puzzlement.
她困惑地蹙着眉。
6．I left the room in disgust at their conversation.
我对他们的对话感到反感， 便离开了房间。
二、佳句仿写
1．Look others in the eye and walk_with_confidence．
直视他人，自信地行走。
2．He stares at the beggar with_sympathy．
他同情地凝视着那个乞丐。
3．Her heart bounded with_joy．
因为喜悦，她的心怦怦直跳。
4．They stopped in their tracks and stared at him in_amazement．
他们突然停下，惊讶地盯着他。
5．Many of the people we ran into were still in_shock．
我们碰到的许多人依然还在惊慌之中。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型 记叙文
主题语境 人与社会——爱心故事——帮助无家可归者过冬的无私女士
(2021·福建省高三质检) Life on the street is a constant struggle for homeless people.In times of extreme weather conditions，that struggle becomes even more difficult.Recently，homeless people across Chicago faced freezing to death if they couldn't find shelter for the night.
Thankfully，one local woman refused to let that happen.On January 30，2018，34 year old Candice Payne，a local managing broker，was lucky enough to have shelter from the dangerous conditions.
“It was －20℃，and I knew they were going to be sleeping on ice and I had to do something，” said Payne.Payne started brainstorming different ways she could possibly help.Finally，she decided to see if there were any rooms available at local inns and hotels that she could get to help those stuck on the street.
For Payne，her mission was personal.According to Payne，her husband，Carlos Callahan，had lived on the streets at one point in his life.Based on his experiences，Payne knew that the homeless people still out on the street desperately needed help and that if she didn't step up to help，no one likely woulD．
However，when Payne explained what she was trying to do，many of the local hotels refused to allow her to pay for the rooms as they didn't want homeless people to stay in their rooms.“No one wanted them，but one hotel，the Amber Inn，was nice enough to allow me to buy the rooms，” said Payne.
Payne's selfless act made news across the country.However，she insisted she had never done it for attention.“I am a regular person，” said Payne，who spent thousands of dollars of her own money to help complete strangers.“It all sounded like a rich person did this，but I'm just a little black girl from the South Side.”
文章大意：本文主要讲述了一位普通的芝加哥女士受到她的丈夫的经历的触动，为防止无家可归者在大街上被冻死，决定为他们订旅馆的房间；她的无私善举传遍全国。
1．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Locals living on the street.
B．The homeless freezing to death.
C．The extreme weather.
D．The shelter for the homeless.
解析：B 考查代词指代。根据第一段尾句“Recently，homeless people across Chicago faced freezing to death if they couldn't find shelter for the night.”可知，最近，芝加哥各地的无家可归者如果找不到过夜的地方，就会被冻死。结合画线词所在句可知，幸好，一位当地的女士拒绝让此发生。据此可推知，画线词that指代“The homeless freezing to death”。
2．How did Candice Payne help the homeless people
A．By drawing public attention.
B．By giving them money directly.
C．By taking them to her own house.
D．By buying hotel rooms for them.
解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第三段尾句“Finally，she decided to see if there were any rooms available at local inns and hotels that she could get to help those stuck on the street.”可知，Candice Payne最终决定为这些无家可归者订旅馆的房间以免他们被冻死，故D项正确。
3．What may contribute to Payne's nice act
A．Her husband's past experiences.
B．The requests from the homeless.
C．Her desire to become famous.
D．The coldness of local hotels.
解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第四段第二、三句“According to Payne，her husband，Carlos Callahan，had lived on the streets at one point in his life.Based on his experiences，Payne knew that the homeless people still out on the street desperately needed help and that if she didn't step up to help，no one likely woulD．”可知，由于受到她的丈夫无家可归的经历的触动，她决定帮助这些无家可归的人，故A项正确。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．A Black Fighter Changes the World
B．A Woman's Curiosity Brings a Reward
C．A Regular Woman Makes a Difference
D．A Couple's Brave Act Moves the Country
解析：C 考查标题判断。根据第二段第一句“Thankfully，one local woman refused to let that happen.”和尾段最后两句并结合全文其他内容可知，本文主要讲述了一位普通的芝加哥女士受到她的丈夫的经历的触动，为防止无家可归者在大街上被冻死，决定为他们订旅馆的房间；她的无私善举传遍全国。故C项“一位普通女士的影响”最适合作本文的标题。
B
语篇类型 记叙文
主题语境 人与社会——社会生活——善有善报
“Pay it forward” is a new saying which means donating money or performing good deeds without hoping for recognition.As far as the receiver of the money，gift，or good deed is concerned，he or she is told only to do something good for someone else.
When Scott，a homeless man，spent his last $15，he wasn't looking at it as an investment，but it's about to pay him huge profits.After he helped a woman who ran out of gas，she returned the favor by raising a lot more on the Internet.
Emily McClure，26，was driving home when she ran out of gas halfway.“He saw me pull over and knew something was wrong，” she wrote.“He told me to get back in the car and lock the doors.A few minutes later，he came back with a red gas can，using his last 15 dollars to make sure I could get home safely.”
She couldn't repay him at that time because she had no cash with her.“I have been stopping by his spot for the past few weeks.I repaid him for the gas and gave him some clothes.”
Emily decided to do more for him，so she started a crowdfunding (众筹) campaign on GoFundMe，and it quickly gained far beyond its initial $10，000 goal.When it reached $100，000，the fund raising page was shut down for a time at Scott's request.He didn't want people to think he was taking advantage of the situation.Finally，Emily said that she restarted it because the public interest had not decreaseD．She also added that Scott planned to donate the rest to a good cause.
According to The Washington Times，Scott wants to get a job at a warehouse and a department manager from a company has already reached out to Scott.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。无家可归的斯科特用自己最后的15美元帮助了在中途车没油的艾米丽；为回报他，艾米丽在网络上发起众筹，然而斯科特却把筹集来的多余的钱捐赠给了慈善机构，他以这种方式奉献社会，社会最终以一份不错的工作回报了他。
5．Why did Scott buy a can of gas for Emily
A．To get huge profits from her.
B．To get a job to make a living.
C．To get a chance to become famous.
D．To make sure she could get home safely.
解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句可知，斯科特用他最后的15美元为艾米丽买了一罐汽油，以确保她能安全回家，故D项正确。
6．Why was the fund raising page closed for a time
A．People had no more interest in donation.
B．Emily was too busy to make efforts for it.
C．Scott was unwilling to be considered greedy.
D．The goal to raise $10，000 had been achieveD．
解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第五段第二句和第三句可知，资金筹集网页关闭是应斯科特的要求，因为他不想让人觉得自己是在利用这种情况，即斯科特不愿意被认为是贪婪的，故C项正确。
7．Which of the following best describes Scott
A．Flexible but mean.
B．Caring and supportive.
C．Honest but stubborn.
D．Aggressive and demanding.
解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第三段的内容以及第五段中的“Scott planned to donate the rest to a good cause”可知，当斯科特发现艾米丽的车子没油停在半路的时候，他让艾米丽回到车里锁好车门，并用自己最后的15美元为艾米丽买了一罐汽油以确保她能安全回家；他还计划把筹集来的多余的钱捐给一个做好事的组织，由此可推知，他关心他人而且能够给予他人帮助，故B项正确。
8．What does the author want to tell us from the text
A．Two heads are better than one.
B．One good turn deserves another.
C．One man's meat is another man's poison.
D．A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
解析：B 考查写作意图。根据第二段尾句“After he helped a woman...on the Internet.”并结合全文内容可知，本文讲述了无家可归的斯科特帮助了艾米丽，社会也帮助了斯科特的故事，说明了好人有好报的道理。故B项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与自然——环境保护——如何养成环保的生活方式
Leading a sustainable(不破坏环境的)lifestyle doesn't require you to have to make great changes to your home，and this kind of transformation doesn't have to be an exhausting exercise.1.________ Here are three of them.
2．________ By using solar energy，you will make your home far more sustainable.So long as there is the sun in the sky，the solar panels atop your house will catch the rays and then transform them into electricity.
Make changes to your water drinking habits.Have you ever thought about how many single use plastic bottles you use a year？If you should ever perform such a count，you'd find yourself well into three figures，or maybe even four.3.________ To be truly sustainable，you've to change your water drinking habits.
4．________ More often than not，these types of straws are used only once before being got rid of and taking up valuable landfill space.
Reduce your transport emission (排放).If you want to be a more sustainable traveller，you should seek to reduce the carbon emissions you produce by avoiding driving.Of course，avoiding motor vehicles entirely isn't always going to be a practical choice for you.There're，however，still things you can do to be more sustainable.5.________
You have the power to make a sustainable change to your lifestyle—take the above advice and don't waste it.
A．Turn to solar energy.
B．Avoid wasting valuable resources.
C．The best thing you can do is cycle，walk，or run.
D．Two choices you have are sharing cars and taking public transport.
E．There're many easy and simple things you can do to be more sustainable.
F．Another change you can make in this instance is to stop using plastic straws.
G．Drinking water like this might be quick，easy and convenient，but it's not sustainable.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了三条有助于养成环保的生活方式的建议，包括使用太阳能、改变饮水习惯以及减少交通工具的碳排放量。
1．解析：E 根据空前的“this kind of transformation doesn't have to be an exhausting exercise”可知，这种改变不一定是一项使人疲惫的活动，并结合空后一句表述的“这里是它们中的三个”以及下文表述的三个建议可知，E项与此处匹配。
2．解析：A 根据空后的“By using solar energy，you will make your home far more sustainable.”可知，该段讲的是“使用太阳能”的建议，故A项符合语境。
3．解析：G 该段主要谈论改变饮水的习惯，空前一句表述如果你数过数量，你会发现你一年中因饮水而用的一次性塑料瓶的数量能达到三位数，或者甚至可能是四位数，由此可知，空处应是对饮用塑料瓶装水的评价，故选G。
4．解析：F 根据空后一句中的“these types of straws”可知，F项“就这个情况而言，你可以做出的另一个改变是停止使用塑料吸管”符合语境。
5．解析：D 该部分谈论的是在交通工具的碳排放量方面如何培养环保的生活方式，空前一句表述仍然有一些你能做的事情来使你的生活方式更加环保，D项中的“Two choices”与此处呼应，且整句话表述的内容与此段内容匹配，故选D项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇类型 新闻报道
主题语境 人与社会——社会服务——众志成城抗击疫情
(2021·山东模拟卷三)China has decided 1.____________ (donate) another $30 million to the World Health Organization for containing COVID 19 and supporting developing countries in improving their health systems.
“The world is at a crucial stage in fighting the pandemic, and support for the WHO means 2.____________ (defend) multilateralism and upholding the authority of the United Nations”， said Foreign Ministry spokesman Geng Shuang, 3.____________ made the announcement on Thursday.
China previously donated $20 million to the WHO for tackling the virus.China's donation 4.____________ (show) the support the Chinese government and people have for the WHO, as well as their trust in the 5.____________ (organize), Geng said at a daily news conference.
Since the outbreak started, the WHO 6.____________ (carry) out its duty, adhering to an objective, fair and scientific position, and has played an important part in coordinating efforts 7.____________ countries and promoting international cooperation to control the pandemic, Geng saiD．
8．____________ decision came in less than two weeks after the US announced it would 9.____________ (temporary) stop funding the WHO, while many other countries voiced their support for the organization.
“Working in unity is the only way that the international community can overcome the virus”， he reiterated, adding that China hopes to cooperate with all 10.____________ (party) in this fight, and contribute to the building of a community with a shared future for mankinD．
文章大意：本文是一篇新闻报道。说明了中国决定再向世界卫生组织捐赠3000万美元，用于遏制新冠肺炎疫情，支持发展中国家完善卫生体系。外交部发言人耿爽于周四发表声明称，世界正处于抗击疫情的关键阶段，支持世界卫生组织意味着捍卫多边主义和维护联合国权威。
1．解析：to donate 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国决定再向世界卫生组织捐赠3000万美元，用于遏制新冠肺炎疫情，支持发展中国家完善卫生体系。结合句意表示“决定做某事”短语为decide to do sth.。故填to donate。
2．解析：defending 考查非谓语动词。句意：外交部发言人耿爽于周四发表声明称，世界正处于抗击疫情的关键阶段，支持世界卫生组织意味着捍卫多边主义和维护联合国权威。结合句意表示“意味着做某事”短语为mean doing sth.。故填defending。
3．解析：who 考查定语从句。句意同上。这是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Geng Shuang，且从句中缺少主语，指人，故填who。
4．解析：shows 考查动词的时态语态。根据后文have可知应用一般现在时，陈述目前的情况，且主语为donation，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填shows。
5．解析：organization 考查名词。根据上文定冠词the，可知应填名词organization，表示“组织”。故填organization。
6．解析：has carried/has been carrying 考查动词时态语态。根据“Since the outbreak started”可知表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时；或表示动作从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在，并可能延续下去，应用现在完成进行时，主语与谓语之间是主动关系，主语为the WHO，故助动词用has。故填has carried/has been carrying。
7．解析：among 考查介词。句意：耿爽说，自疫情爆发以来，世界卫生组织一直本着客观、公正、科学的立场履行职责，在协调各国努力、促进国际合作控制疫情方面发挥了重要作用。根据句意表示“在……之间”，且表示在三者或三者以上中，应用介词among。故填among。
8．解析：The 考查冠词。decision为可数名词，此处特指“中国决定再向世界卫生组织捐赠3000万美元”这个决定，应用定冠词。句首单词首字母要大写。故填The。
9．解析：temporarily 考查副词。设空处修饰动词stop，应用副词temporarily，表示“暂时地”，作状语。故填temporarily。
10．解析：parties 考查名词的数。party为可数名词，由all修饰应用party的复数。故填parties。
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