Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
无灵胜有灵的主语句(4)
一、好句欣赏
使用表示情景或现象的名词作主语
1．A hush fell upon the assembly.
会场一片寂静。
2．Shortness of time has required the omission of some states.
由于时间不够，他不能访问某些国家。
3．After the WWⅠ (World War Ⅰ) honours were heaped upon Einstein.
第一次世界大战后，荣誉像雪片般地向爱因斯坦飞来。
4．A heavy rain visited the city.
这个城市刚下过一场大雨。
5．The shadows tell me that the sun has done much travel since I fell asleep.
目睹太阳投下的阴影，我知道自我入睡后，太阳已走过很远的路程。
6．My heart failed me at the sight.
一见那情景我就失去了勇气。
7．His accent suggests Shanghai.
听他的口音像是上海人。
8．The mistake slips my attention.
我没有注意到这一错误。
二、小试牛刀
1．The_softness_of_the_earth gave him an ideA．
他踏着松软的泥土，一个主意油然而生。
2．The_heavy_rain prevented me from coming.
因下大雨，我不能来。
3．Such_a_chance was denied (to) me.
我可得不到这样的机会。
4．The_sight_and_sound_of_our_jet_planes filled me with special longing.
看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的飞机声，令我特别神往。
5．An_earthquake comes like a thief in the night，without warning.
地震到来，犹如夜贼，不作预告。
6．The_photo often reminds me of my childhooD．
这张照片时常使我想起我的童年。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——科技发展——机器苍蝇
(2021·合肥市高三调研) A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly.The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high tech integrated systems.Designed to do what a fly does naturally，the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly.Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It's extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components，”said Robert Wood，the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade.A few years ago，his team got the go ahead to start piecing together the components.“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own，” he saiD．
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly.“The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components，each of which individually has to perform well，but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to，”said WooD．The flight device was built into a set of power，computation，sensing and control systems.Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactureD．
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small，off board power source，the goal is eventually to equip it with a built in power source，so that it might someday perform data gathering work at rescue sites，in farmers' fields or on the battlefielD．“Basically，it should be able to take off，land and fly around，”he saiD．
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect scale.Yet，the power，sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications.“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions，you know，to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals，but using these robots instead，”he saiD．“So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”
1．Which of the following statements was the difficulty engineers met while making the robotic fly
A．They did not have sufficient funD．
B．No ready made components were available.
C．There was no model in their minD．
D．It was hard for them to assemble the components.
2．What can be inferred from Paragraphs 3 and 4
A．The robotic fly has been put into wide application.
B．The robotic fly consists of a flight device and a control system.
C．Information from many sources can be collected by the robotic fly.
D．The robotic fly can just fly in limited areas at present.
3．Which of the following can be learned from the passage
A．Wood's design can replace animals in some experiments.
B．Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C．The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.
D．There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
4．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A．The Development of the Robotic Fly
B．The Robotic Fly Promotes Engineering Science
C．Harvard's Efforts in Making a Robotic Fly
D．The Robotic Fly Imitates a Real Life Insect
B
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——科技与生活——城市智能化
(2021·广东省六校第一次联考) As life in cities worldwide becomes more expensive，urban designers are using modern technology to help citizens avoid traffic jams，and shorten the time needed for bus waiting and other things.Technology is also used to cut costly waste.
In Santander，a Spanish port city，parking is easy to finD．As one car drives away，an underground sensor shows that a parking space is now free.400 sensors send messages to signs on streets，and GPS devices direct drivers to the nearest available parking spaces，reducing traffic jams.Trash is collected only when the bins are full and bus stop signs show exactly when the next bus is coming.The public parks are watered only when the soil gets dry.All this is made possible by 20，000 sensors installed on buildings，street posts and even buses.They are part of the “smart city” project，launched by the University of Cantabria seven years ago.
University researchers like Luis Munoz regularly meet with locals to discuss how to make their city even smarter.“They propose their ideas and sometimes even develop them by themselves.Here，we give them the opportunity to see these ideas happen in real life，”said Munoz.For example，the university helped a woman create an app that outlines the easiest route for walking with a baby stroller.Another provides information to residents about their water consumption and sends an alarm to their phone if there is a leak.
The Santander smart project is attracting the attention of larger cities in Europe and elsewhere that are looking for smart solutions to urban problems.
5．What is the life like in Santander
A．It is meaningful.
B．It is full of freedom.
C．It is likely to change fast.
D．It is efficient and convenient.
6．How can residents help Munoz's job
A．By offering some original or fresh ideas.
B．By showing him around the city.
C．By installing sensors themselves.
D．By using as little water as possible.
7．What does the underlined word “Another” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．A university. B．A phone.
C．An app. D．An easy route.
8．What can be the best title for the text
A．A Worldwide Problem
B．A Smart City Project
C．A Creative Researcher
D．A Trend in Urban Design
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——人际交流——影响英语口语语体风格的三个主要因素
(2021·广州市高三年级阶段训练题) Learning to understand spoken English can be difficult.Learners must not only master new phrases，but also learn conversational idioms.That's a lot to learn! But they may soon realize there is something else going on.1.________ These different styles of speaking are called “registers”．In their work，language experts identify three major factors that affect the register of spoken English: the place of the conversation，the relationship between the speakers，and the purpose of the conversation.
2．________ Even two best friends who work and live together may speak more formally to each other in the office.At home，one might say，“C'mon，I wanna leave.” The same person at work might say，“Are you ready to go now？”
The relationship between the speakers also affects the language they use when talking with each other.People speak less formally to friends and more formally to strangers.3.________People who know each other well might use more idioms and more slang in their speech.An angry woman might tell her daughter to “hush your mouth” and her sister to “quiet down”．
Finally，the purpose of the conversation affects people's speech.A person who wants to ease hurt feelings uses a soft，quiet tone.4.________
Few speakers realize that they change registers according to these factors.5.________We are not aware that we make these changes.We accept the changeability of the weather，but we often refuse to accept the changeability of speech.
A．In fact，most people strongly deny it.
B．People generally speak less at work than they do at home.
C．The very same person speaks differently in different situations.
D．Therefore，we should be careful not to hurt each other with our speech.
E．On the other hand，a person who wants to pick a fight speaks rapidly and loudly.
F．The place where the conversation takes place directly affects the language of the conversation.
G．Because they already share information and experience with friends，they do not need to explain as much.
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——社会与文化——亚洲人戴口罩的原因
(2021·山东部分重点中学新起点摸底联考)You may often see young people in Asian countries wear their masks in publiC．What makes them do so
Asians often wear face masks to prevent one's own germs or sickness from spreading in public places.In many Asian countries, people value collectivism, 1.________ means they will try their best to make a 2.________(contribute) to their group.Amid the novel coronavirus outbreak, Asians will wear masks to prevent both 3.________(they) and others from being infected which will ultimately benefit the whole group.
Apart from physical protection, masks 4.________(evolve) into social firewalls among young people in Asian countries already as well.
Young people are more concerned about their privacy than their parents and grandparents.In public such as on a crowded subway, 5.________ (hide) their faces with masks can sometimes help them gain some privacy.For some young girls, wearing masks can give them confidence and 6.________ sense of security when they don't have enough time to do makeup.
7．________this reason, wearing masks has become a fashion trend among young people.They wear them, along with audio headsets, to signal a lack of desire 8.________ (communicate) with those around them, according to Quartz.
Not only 9.________ (use) to prevent the spread of disease, masks have indeed made their way into the mainstream and are here to stay in Asian 10.________ (country).
PAGE
8Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点
无灵胜有灵的主语句(4)
一、好句欣赏
使用表示情景或现象的名词作主语
1．A hush fell upon the assembly.
会场一片寂静。
2．Shortness of time has required the omission of some states.
由于时间不够，他不能访问某些国家。
3．After the WWⅠ (World War Ⅰ) honours were heaped upon Einstein.
第一次世界大战后，荣誉像雪片般地向爱因斯坦飞来。
4．A heavy rain visited the city.
这个城市刚下过一场大雨。
5．The shadows tell me that the sun has done much travel since I fell asleep.
目睹太阳投下的阴影，我知道自我入睡后，太阳已走过很远的路程。
6．My heart failed me at the sight.
一见那情景我就失去了勇气。
7．His accent suggests Shanghai.
听他的口音像是上海人。
8．The mistake slips my attention.
我没有注意到这一错误。
二、小试牛刀
1．The_softness_of_the_earth gave him an ideA．
他踏着松软的泥土，一个主意油然而生。
2．The_heavy_rain prevented me from coming.
因下大雨，我不能来。
3．Such_a_chance was denied (to) me.
我可得不到这样的机会。
4．The_sight_and_sound_of_our_jet_planes filled me with special longing.
看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的飞机声，令我特别神往。
5．An_earthquake comes like a thief in the night，without warning.
地震到来，犹如夜贼，不作预告。
6．The_photo often reminds me of my childhooD．
这张照片时常使我想起我的童年。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——科技发展——机器苍蝇
(2021·合肥市高三调研) A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly.The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high tech integrated systems.Designed to do what a fly does naturally，the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly.Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It's extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components，”said Robert Wood，the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade.A few years ago，his team got the go ahead to start piecing together the components.“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own，” he saiD．
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly.“The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components，each of which individually has to perform well，but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to，”said WooD．The flight device was built into a set of power，computation，sensing and control systems.Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactureD．
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small，off board power source，the goal is eventually to equip it with a built in power source，so that it might someday perform data gathering work at rescue sites，in farmers' fields or on the battlefielD．“Basically，it should be able to take off，land and fly around，”he saiD．
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect scale.Yet，the power，sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications.“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions，you know，to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals，but using these robots instead，”he saiD．“So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”
文章大意：本文主要介绍了哈佛大学的一个工程师团队从自然界的昆虫身上得到灵感，设计开发了第一款机器苍蝇。该机器苍蝇包含一系列新的高科技系统，其大小与胖的家蝇一样，设计目的是使其能自然地做苍蝇能做的事，并执行一些飞行任务。
1．Which of the following statements was the difficulty engineers met while making the robotic fly
A．They did not have sufficient funD．
B．No ready made components were available.
C．There was no model in their minD．
D．It was hard for them to assemble the components.
解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第二段尾句中的“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf”可知，额外的困难就是，这些组成部件都没有现成的。故选B项。
2．What can be inferred from Paragraphs 3 and 4
A．The robotic fly has been put into wide application.
B．The robotic fly consists of a flight device and a control system.
C．Information from many sources can be collected by the robotic fly.
D．The robotic fly can just fly in limited areas at present.
解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small，off board power source”和“Basically，it should be able to take off，land and fly around”可推知，目前由于电池等的限制，该飞行器只能在有限的区域内飞行。因此D项正确。
3．Which of the following can be learned from the passage
A．Wood's design can replace animals in some experiments.
B．Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C．The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.
D．There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
解析：A 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals，but using these robots instead”可知，有些试验很难用动物进行，但是可以用机器苍蝇来替代，故选A项。
4．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A．The Development of the Robotic Fly
B．The Robotic Fly Promotes Engineering Science
C．Harvard's Efforts in Making a Robotic Fly
D．The Robotic Fly Imitates a Real Life Insect
解析：C 考查标题判断。根据第一段第一句以及第三句中的“the size of a fat housefly”并结合文章其他内容可知，文章介绍了哈佛大学的工程师团队从自然界昆虫身上得到灵感，研发了第一款仿生机器苍蝇。故C项最适合作本文标题。
B
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——科技与生活——城市智能化
(2021·广东省六校第一次联考) As life in cities worldwide becomes more expensive，urban designers are using modern technology to help citizens avoid traffic jams，and shorten the time needed for bus waiting and other things.Technology is also used to cut costly waste.
In Santander，a Spanish port city，parking is easy to finD．As one car drives away，an underground sensor shows that a parking space is now free.400 sensors send messages to signs on streets，and GPS devices direct drivers to the nearest available parking spaces，reducing traffic jams.Trash is collected only when the bins are full and bus stop signs show exactly when the next bus is coming.The public parks are watered only when the soil gets dry.All this is made possible by 20，000 sensors installed on buildings，street posts and even buses.They are part of the “smart city” project，launched by the University of Cantabria seven years ago.
University researchers like Luis Munoz regularly meet with locals to discuss how to make their city even smarter.“They propose their ideas and sometimes even develop them by themselves.Here，we give them the opportunity to see these ideas happen in real life，”said Munoz.For example，the university helped a woman create an app that outlines the easiest route for walking with a baby stroller.Another provides information to residents about their water consumption and sends an alarm to their phone if there is a leak.
The Santander smart project is attracting the attention of larger cities in Europe and elsewhere that are looking for smart solutions to urban problems.
文章大意：传感器、GPS定位等现代科技手段帮助西班牙的港口城市桑坦德避免了交通拥堵、缩短等车时间、减少资源浪费等，这种做法正在吸引欧洲的大城市以及其他更多地方的注意力，他们都在寻找解决城市问题的智能方案。
5．What is the life like in Santander
A．It is meaningful.
B．It is full of freedom.
C．It is likely to change fast.
D．It is efficient and convenient.
解析：D 考查推理判断。根据题干中的关键词“in Santander”定位到文章的第二段。根据该段中的内容，尤其是“parking is easy to find”“Trash is collected only when the bins are full”“The public parks...gets dry.”可推知，在桑坦德的生活是高效方便的，故答案是D。
6．How can residents help Munoz's job
A．By offering some original or fresh ideas.
B．By showing him around the city.
C．By installing sensors themselves.
D．By using as little water as possible.
解析：A 考查细节理解。根据题干中的关键词“residents”和“Munoz's job”定位到文章的第三段。根据该段中的“Luis Munoz regularly meet with locals to discuss how to make their city even smarter”“They propose their ideas”可知，当地人有了想法会向Munoz提出来，故答案是A。
7．What does the underlined word “Another” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．A university. B．A phone.
C．An app. D．An easy route.
解析：C 考查代词指代。根据上文“the university helped a woman create an app...with a baby stroller.”可知，这所大学开发了一款应用程序，该应用程序为推婴儿车散步的女士规划了最舒适的路线。结合画线词所在句意可推知，画线词指的是另一款应用程序，故答案是C。
8．What can be the best title for the text
A．A Worldwide Problem
B．A Smart City Project
C．A Creative Researcher
D．A Trend in Urban Design
解析：B 考查标题判断。根据第二段最后一句“They are part of the ‘smart city’ project，launcheD．..seven years ago.”并结合文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了智能城市项目的相关内容，故B项最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——人际交流——影响英语口语语体风格的三个主要因素
(2021·广州市高三年级阶段训练题) Learning to understand spoken English can be difficult.Learners must not only master new phrases，but also learn conversational idioms.That's a lot to learn! But they may soon realize there is something else going on.1.________ These different styles of speaking are called “registers”．In their work，language experts identify three major factors that affect the register of spoken English: the place of the conversation，the relationship between the speakers，and the purpose of the conversation.
2．________ Even two best friends who work and live together may speak more formally to each other in the office.At home，one might say，“C'mon，I wanna leave.” The same person at work might say，“Are you ready to go now？”
The relationship between the speakers also affects the language they use when talking with each other.People speak less formally to friends and more formally to strangers.3.________People who know each other well might use more idioms and more slang in their speech.An angry woman might tell her daughter to “hush your mouth” and her sister to “quiet down”．
Finally，the purpose of the conversation affects people's speech.A person who wants to ease hurt feelings uses a soft，quiet tone.4.________
Few speakers realize that they change registers according to these factors.5.________We are not aware that we make these changes.We accept the changeability of the weather，but we often refuse to accept the changeability of speech.
A．In fact，most people strongly deny it.
B．People generally speak less at work than they do at home.
C．The very same person speaks differently in different situations.
D．Therefore，we should be careful not to hurt each other with our speech.
E．On the other hand，a person who wants to pick a fight speaks rapidly and loudly.
F．The place where the conversation takes place directly affects the language of the conversation.
G．Because they already share information and experience with friends，they do not need to explain as much.
文章大意：语言专家发现，影响英语口语语体风格的三个主要因素是：谈话的地点、说话者之间的关系以及谈话的目的。
1．解析：C 空后一句“These different styles of speaking are called ‘registers’．”与C项中的“speaks differently in different situations”相呼应，说明同一个人在不同的情况下说话风格不同，故选C项。
2．解析：F 根据空后一句“Even two best friends who work and live together may speak more formally to each other in the office.”可知，即使是一起工作和生活的两个最好的朋友，他们在办公室里交谈的方式也可能更正式；并结合该段所举的例子和第一段最后一句可知，本段应是讲述影响英语口语语体风格的因素之一——谈话的地点，故F项与此处匹配。
3．解析：G 根据空前一句“People speak less formally to friends and more formally to strangers.”可知，人们对朋友说话不太正式，而对陌生人说话则比较正式。据此可推知，空处应是解释其原因，即因为他们已经和朋友们分享了信息和经历，所以他们不需要解释太多。故G项正确。
4．解析：E 根据空前两句可知，谈话的目的会影响人们说话的方式；一个人想要缓解受伤的情感，就会使用轻柔的语调。据此可推知，空处与此相对，说明想找麻烦的人说话语速快且声音大，故E项正确。
5．解析：A 根据最后一段中的“Few speakers realize”“refuse to accept”可知，A项“事实上，大部分人强烈地否认它(说话风格的改变)”符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇类型 说明文
主题语境 人与社会——社会与文化——亚洲人戴口罩的原因
(2021·山东部分重点中学新起点摸底联考)You may often see young people in Asian countries wear their masks in publiC．What makes them do so
Asians often wear face masks to prevent one's own germs or sickness from spreading in public places.In many Asian countries, people value collectivism, 1.________ means they will try their best to make a 2.________(contribute) to their group.Amid the novel coronavirus outbreak, Asians will wear masks to prevent both 3.________(they) and others from being infected which will ultimately benefit the whole group.
Apart from physical protection, masks 4.________(evolve) into social firewalls among young people in Asian countries already as well.
Young people are more concerned about their privacy than their parents and grandparents.In public such as on a crowded subway, 5.________ (hide) their faces with masks can sometimes help them gain some privacy.For some young girls, wearing masks can give them confidence and 6.________ sense of security when they don't have enough time to do makeup.
7．________this reason, wearing masks has become a fashion trend among young people.They wear them, along with audio headsets, to signal a lack of desire 8.________ (communicate) with those around them, according to Quartz.
Not only 9.________ (use) to prevent the spread of disease, masks have indeed made their way into the mainstream and are here to stay in Asian 10.________ (country).
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了亚洲的年轻人戴口罩是为了防止疾病传播、保护隐私以及带来安全感等。
1．解析：which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构，“________ means they will try their best to make a ________ (contribute) to their group”是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，that不能引导
非限制性定语从句，用which引导该从句，所以填which。
2．解析：contribution 考查名词。该空作make的宾语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填contribution。
3．解析：themselves 考查反身代词。句意：在新型冠状病毒爆发期间，亚洲人将戴上口罩，防止他们自己和其他人被感染，这最终将使整个群体受益。表示“他们自己”，所以填反身代词themselves。
4．解析：have evolved 考查时态。根据already，可知这里表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，用现在完成时，masks是复数，谓语动词用复数，所以填have evolved。
5．解析：hiding 考查动名词。分析句子结构，________ (hide) their faces with masks作句子主语，用动名词，所以填hiding。
6．解析：a 考查固定短语。句意：对于一些年轻女孩来说，当她们没有足够的时间化妆时，戴口罩可以给她们信心和安全感。a sense of...“……的感觉”，该短语是固定短语，所以填a。
7．解析：For 考查固定短语。for this reason是固定短语，句子第一个单词首字母大写，所以填For。
8．解析：to communicate 考查不定式。 a desire to do sth.做某事的愿望， 此处用不定式作定语，所以填to communicate。
9．解析：used 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，“Not only ________ (use) to prevent the spread of disease”作状语，use与其逻辑主语masks之间是被动关系，用过去分词，所以填used。
10．解析：countries 考查名词的数。句意：口罩不仅被用来防止疾病的传播，而且已经成为主流，并在亚洲国家流行开来。“亚洲国家”是复数意义，用名词复数，所以填countries。
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