2022年中考英语二轮语法专题复习专题14 连词与从句课件（53张PPT)

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2022年中考英语二轮
专题复习
全国通用版
专题十四
连词与从句
知识导图
语法突破 精讲精练
目录
content
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02.
Part 01.
知识导图
Part 02.
语法突破
精讲精练
用来连接词与词、短语与短语，以及句子与句子的词叫连词。连词属于虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词按其性质可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。从属连词主要用来引导宾语从句和状语从句。
考点1
连词
1.并列连词并列连词是指用来连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子的连词（如and,but,or,so等），可表示并列、顺承、转折、选择、因果等关系。常见并列连词（短语）用法如下：
并列关系
并列关系
2.从属连词
从属连词主要用来引导宾语从句（if,whether）和状语从句（如when,because,until等）。常见从属连词用法见P133-134宾语从句考点1和以下考点2状语从句的讲解。
1.—My aim is to go to Wuhan University for further study.
—Work hard, and you can make it.
2.(2021·鄂州改编)—I'm the only child in my family,Tom.
—I don't have brothers or sisters,either.
3.(2021·南通改编)Life is like a one-way race, so treasure every moment as time cannot be won again.
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4.(2021·益阳改编)This dress is very beautiful, but it doesn't look good on me.
5.(2021·海南改编)Many tourists visit Hainan around the Spring Festival,because it's neither too cold nor too hot.
6.You either go right now or stay here,saying nothing.
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宾语从句
在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。此复合句的结构是：主句+连接词+宾语从句。学习时要掌握宾语从句的三要素：连接词、语序、时态。
1 引导词
连接词 作用 例句
that 本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略。 He said （that） Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。
if/whether 意为“是否”,不作句子成分,但不能省略。 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。
连接词 作用 例句
what,which,who,whose,whom 连接代词,在从句中充当一定的成分（作主语、宾语、定语等）。 I don't know what they are going to do.我不知道他们将要做什么。
when,where,why,how 连接副词,在从句中通常作状语。 Could you tell me where you are going 你能告诉我你要去哪儿吗？
2 语序
宾语从句要用陈述语序：主语+谓语+其他。如：
Do you know where the nearest hotel is 你知道最近的旅馆在哪里吗？
考点3 时态
时态规律 例句
主句为一般现在时时,宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，根据实际情况使用相应的时态。 I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
时态规律 例句
主句为(一般)过去时时,宾语从句只能使用过去的某种时态。 Kate asked what Tom was doing then.凯特问汤姆那时正在做什么。
从句表示的是客观事实、真理等时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，用一般现在时。 Mr.Gao told us that light travels faster than sound.高老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。
注意：在以Could you 开头的复合句中，could通常不表示过去时态，仅表示委婉语气，从句的时态要根据实际情况而定。如：
Could you tell me where Helen lives 你能告诉我海伦住在哪里吗？
Could you tell me where you went last weekend 你能告诉我上周末你去了哪里吗？
1.宾语从句的否定转移
当主句主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think,suppose,expect,believe,imagine等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中。如：
I don't think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起去。
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2.宾语从句的简化当主句的谓语动词是tell,ask,
show,teach等,且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。此结构中的疑问词包括what,which,how,when,where等。如:
Could you tell me how I can get to the station
→Could you tell me how to get to the station 你能告诉我怎样去车站吗
1.—Could you tell me how we can start a conversation with a foreigner
—Talking about weather is a good choice.
2.Always tell your parents where you are going and when you expect to be home.
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3.(2021·成都改编)—How wonderful the school concert is!I wonder if/whether our school will hold it next year.
—Sure.It's our school tradition!
4.I wonder if/whether you can help me （你能否帮助我) or not.
5.I want to know which song you sang at the art festival (你在艺术节唱了哪首歌).
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6.(2021·丹东)我们非常憧憬未来是什么样子的。
We're really expecting what the future will be like .
7.—Tom,I went to the party yesterday evening.
—Oh,I want to know who you met (meet) at the party.
8.—Can you tell me how long Lily has had （have) the iPhone
—Sure.For about a month.
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9.—Uncle Hu，could you tell me how soon Frank will come （come) back from Canada
—In a week.
10.(2021·绥化改编)He said that he would travel (travel) to Beijing the next month.
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考点3
状语从句
1.在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。如：I'll ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。
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2.so ...that ...与such ...that ...的区别
（考点讲解详见P48~P49考点5）
3.when与while的区别
（考点讲解详见P109~P110考点1）
1.(2021·大连)如果你坚持训练，你将很有可能成为校队的一员。（汉译英）
If you stick to training,you will probably become a member of the school team.
2.(2021·营口)无论你做什么，你都必须遵守规则。（汉译英）
No matter what/Whatever you do,you have to follow the rules .
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if unless when although as soon as until
3.(2020·杭州改编) Although the traffic was heavy,we got to the railway station on time.
4.—Lingling,you'll feel sleepy tomorrow unless you go to bed early.
—OK,Mom.I'll go to bed at once.
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5.—Jim,let's go out to play basketball.
—Oh,I won't do that until I finish my homework.
6.I'll send you a message as soon as I get to school.
7.We can't cross the road if the traffic lights turn red.
8. When I came back home yesterday,my mother was looking through a magazine.
定语从句
在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词或修饰整个句子的从句叫定语从句。含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。定语从句须用关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that)和关系副词(when,where,why)来引导,它们位于先行词和定语从句之间。关系词常有三个作用：①引导定语从句；②代替先行词；③在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。其用法如下：
1.关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 在从句中的成分 先行词 例句
that 主语、宾语、表语 人，物 The watch (that) my father bought was made in Shanghai.我爸爸买的那块表是上海制造的。
who 主语、宾语、表语 人 Do you know the teacher who wears glasses 你知道戴眼镜的那位老师吗？
关系代词 在从句中的成分 先行词 例句
whom 宾语 人 The boy (whom) my mother was talking to is my cousin.正和我妈妈谈话的那个男孩是我的堂兄。
which 主语、宾语、表语 物 I like music (which) I can sing along with.我喜欢我能跟着一起唱的音乐。
whose 定语 人，物 The little girl whose hair is curly won the first prize.那个卷发的小女孩赢得了第一名。
注意:（1）关系代词that,which,who,whom在定语从句中作宾语时通常可以省略。
I like the coat （which/that） my mother bought for me.我喜欢妈妈给我买的外套。
(2)在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，谓语动词的数要与先行词的数保持一致。如：The girls who are dancing there are my friends.那边在跳舞的女孩们是我的朋友。
只用that引导的定语从句
（1）当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。
（2）当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,
anything,nothing等指物的不定代词时。但如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody等指人的不定代词时,应用who,whom。
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（3）当先行词前有the very,the only,the last等修饰时。
（4）当先行词既有人也有物时。
（5）当主句是以疑问词who,which 开头的特殊疑问句时。
2.关系副词的基本用法
关系副词 在从句中的成分 先行词 例句
when 状语 时间 I'll never forget the day when I joined the music club.我永远不会忘记我加入音乐俱乐部的那天。
where 状语 地点 I went to the village where my father was born last week.我上周去了我爸爸出生的那个村庄。
why 状语 原因 He didn't say the reason why he was late.他没有说他迟到的原因。
注意:当先行词为表示时间、地点、原因的词，但在定语从句中作宾语时，关系词要用which/that。如：
I'll never forget the days which/that we spent together in the countryside.我将永远不会忘记我们在乡下一起度过的日子。(先行词days在定语从句中作动词spent的宾语)
Is this the museum which/that we will visit next weekend 这是我们下周末要参观的博物馆吗？(先行词museum在定语从句中作动词visit的宾语)
1.(2021·黄冈改编)—What can we do for the left-home children in the village who/that need help
—We could help them with their study online on weekends.
2.(2021·青海改编)Chaka Salt Lake which/that is known as Mirror of the Sky interests more and more tourists.
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3.(2021·毕节改编)Great changes have taken place here.Everything that comes into my eyes is so new to me.
4.(2021·铜仁改编)—Do you know the boy whose handwriting won the first place in the competition
—Oh,he is Wang Wei,our monitor.
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