2022届高考英语复习-定语从句-介词加关系代词课件（49张PPT）

(共49张PPT)
1. You are the right man 　　　　　　　
whom we are looking for.
2. I’ve spent all the money 　　　　　　　　　
which was given by my parents.
3. I will never forget the day 　
when I joined the party.
4. This is the factory 　
where the machines are made.
找出定语从句；
找出定语从句两要素
语法指导
定语从句复习&高考真题演练
定语从句
1. 当定语成分由一个句子来充当时，这个句子就叫定语从句，即用一个句子去修饰另一个句子中的某个名词或代词　
2. 通常紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词后
This is a book which was written by J.K. Rowling
3. 定语从句的必备两要素
This is a book which was written by J.K. Rowling
①先行词（名词或代词）
②引导词（that/which/who/whom/whose/
when/where/why…）
重点
1
引导词的确定
2
引导词的特殊情况
3
when, where, why引导的定语从句
4
介词前置的定语从句
5
综合练习
01
引导词的确定
方法一：
根据先行词
先行词
引导词
人
物
人的／物的
时间
地点
　who / whom / that
　which / that
　whose
　when / which / that
　where / which / that
原因
　why / which / that
who—主／宾／表　　whom-- 宾 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that—主／宾／表　 which--主／宾 whose—定 (后通常加名词或代词) when—时间状语 where—地点状语 why– 原因状语
指出关系词在定语从句中的成分：
1.The man who came to the hall is Mr. Tang.
( )
2.The girl (whom) I met is Lily. ( )
3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.
( )
4.We shall never forget the days when we lived together. ( )
主语
宾语
定语
状语
The woman who/that is standing there is my sister.
She is the girl who/whom/that I met that morning.
The doctor to whom she sent her friend is very kind.
（1）指人的关系代词：who/that(主语)
who/whom/that（宾语,可省略）
结论：
1、关系代词前有介词，只能用whom指代人,作介词的宾语。
2、指人时,更多用who/whom ，that较少用。
3、做宾语的关系代词可省略。
4、作宾语时，用whom较who正式
（2）指物的关系代词：which / that (主语 /宾语 )
Do you find the pen with which I wrote
These are the trees which/that were planted
10 years ago.
This recorder （which/that） he is using is
made in China.
Tips: 1、介词后，关系代词只用which. 2、做宾语可以省略。3、指物时，较多用which，较少that.
方法二：还原法
把先行词还原到定语从句中去, 看看是放在主语，宾语，表语还是状语的位置上，最终来确定引导词．
例一： The students ________ don’t study hard will not pass the exam.
____________ don’t study hard.
The students
主语，而且指人
who/that
例二： The woman _____________ you saw in the park is our Chinese teacher.
you saw ____________ in the park.
the woman
宾语，而且指人
(whom/who/that)
注意：如果先行词还原到定语从句中，充当的是宾语,那么可以把引导词省略．
02
引导词的特殊情况
以下情况时，只用that,不用which
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。
b.先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no,
some 等修饰时。
d. 先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时。
c. 先行词为不定代词 all, few, little, much, everything， anything，nothing, none。
e.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。
f. 在以which开头的的特殊疑问句时，
为避免重复，用that.
g. 主句以there be 开头，先行词指物.
Which of the dictionaries that were borrowed from the library is mine
There is a seat in the corner that is still available.
只能用that不能用which的情况
02
01
04
03
先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,
anything, little, much 等不定代词时
先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much　　　　　
等修饰时
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时
This is the first book (that) he has read.
先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时
This is the very book that belongs to him.
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
只能用that不能用which的情况
06
05
08
07
先行词指人又指事物
当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时
Which is the book that you lost
有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that
They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.
当先行词在主句中做表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be .
They talked about the people and things (that) they met at college.
只能用which不能用that的情况
01 非限定性定语从句，即有逗号隔开的定语从句
02以介词开头的定语从句,即介词前置的定语从句
03 定语从句修饰的是前面整句话
It was felt in Beijing, which was 200 km away.
This is the room in ________ Chairman Mao once lived.
He passed the exam, which surprised everyone in our class.
which
03
when, where, why 引导的定语从句
引导词 　指代内容 　　充当成分
　 who 　　　
　whom
　 that
　which
　whose 　
　when
　where
　why
人
主／宾／表
人
宾
人／事物
主／宾／表
事物
主／宾
人的／事物的
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
时间
地点
原因
定(后通常加名词或代词)
习题讲解
听翻译时将答案点在答题卡上
1.I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
A. whose B. why C. where D. which
2.Many young people, most ________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those
3.cientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _________ has been proved.
A. whom B. which C. what D. that
4.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _________ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
5.It is a truly delightful place, _________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
A. as B. where C. that D. which
6.Opposite is St.Paul's Church, __________ you can hear some lovely music.
A. which B.that
C.when D.where
7.He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of _________ were published in the 1990s.
A. whom B. which C. them D. that
8.Creating an atmosphere _________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A. as B. whose
C. in which D. at which
9.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. which C. when D. who
10.The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A．which B. what C. whose D. that
11.As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
A. which B. where C. whom D. when
12.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
13.The number of smokers, _________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it B. which C. what D. as
14.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ___________ school education depends.
A. it B. that C. whose D. which
15.My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
A. that B. whose C. his D. who
1. The mines I worked were 9 km from my home.
2. The reason I got a job was because of my hard work.
3. The time I joined the ANC was the 5th of August.
4. The government building we voted was very tall.
5. The date I arrived was late at night
如何来确定引导词
如何来确定引导词
方法一：根据先行词
方法二：还原法 (把先行词还原到定语从句中去)
例一： The mines ________________ I worked were 9 km from my home.
I worked _________________.
in the mines
地点状语
　where / in which
例二： The reason ______________I got a job was because of my hard work.
I got a job _______________.
for the reason
原因状语
　why / for which
例三： The time ________________I joined the ANC was the 5th of August.
I joined the ANC ______________.
at the time
时间状语
　when / at which
例四：
The government building_____________ we voted was very tall.
We voted ________________.
in the building
地点状语
　where / in which
例五： The date __________________I arrived was late at night.
I arrived ________________.
on the date
时间状语
　when / on which
一、根据定语从句中谓语动词的需要来确定介词。
1．She paid the man from whom she had borrowed some money(=She paid the man．She had borrowed some money from him．)（borrow sth．from sb．意思是“向某人借东西”。）
2．In the dark street, there Wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
句中的介词是与从句的谓语动词有一定的搭配关系。
介词可用于关系代词之前，但先行词若指人，关系代词必须用whom，不能用who或that；若指物必须用which，不能用that。介词也可以置于从句谓语动词之后。这时，句中关系代词用who，whom，that均可，指物可用which或that，并均可省略。
如何选择介词
The middle-aged woman to whom I spoke just now is my English teacher．
(=The middle aged woman[who/whom/that]I spoke to just now is my English teacher．)
二、根据定语从句的先行词的需要来确定介词。
1．He will never forget the day on which he joined the party.（on the day在那天）
2．Last Sunday my aunt bought me a telescope through which I could study the sky．（through a telescope透过望远镜）
三、根据定语从句中的形容词的需要来确定介词。
China is a large country with a long history of which we are greatly proud．（be/feel proud of以……为自豪）
四、若表示“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”，则用介词of。
1．I live in this room, the window of which faces south．(=I live in this room, whose window faces south．)（表示“所有关系”）
2．There are over 3,000 workers in that factory, eighty-five percent of whom are women．=There are…, and 85％ of them are women．（表示“整体中的一部分”）
3．China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan．(=China has hundreds of islands and the largest of them is Taiwan．)
五、根据定语从句句意的需要来确定介词。
Zhang Jia, with whom I went to the museum yesterday afternoon, enjoyed herself very much
注意:但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开,如
look after, be made of, take part in, look forward to等。
The babies (who/whom) the nurses look after look strong and happy.
There is a great pain in my right foot, because of which I can only limp along.
They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat an old man.
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
Exercises:
1. The speed ____which you drive your car mustn’t be too high.
2.In the park there are many flowers,the colour_____ which is bright and nice.
3.The little girl is reading a book, _____ which there are many pictures.
4.What were the things_______which he was not too sure
at
of
in
about
I’ll never forget the day ________
we worked together.
when / on which
I’ll never forget the day_________ we spent happily together.
which / that
比 较
We worked together on the day.
We spent the day happily together.
总结
1
引导词的确定必须用还原法
2
先行词还原后如果在它前面要加上一个介词，那么说明它在定语从句中充当状语，通常用 “when/ where/ why” 来引导
3
“when/where/why” 通常可以替换成 “介词＋which”(仅限于定语从句中)
4
如果先行词是表示 “时间/地点/原因”的词, 引导词并不一定是 “when/ where/ why”,也有可能是“which/ that”
1.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
2.Many young people, most ________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those
3.cientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _________ has been proved.
A. whom B. which C. what D. that
4.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _________ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
即时练习
5.It is a truly delightful place, _________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
A. as B. where C. that D. which
6.Opposite is St.Paul's Church, __________ you can hear some lovely music.
A. which B.that C.when D.where
7.He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of _________ were published in the 1990s.
A. whom B. which C. them D. that
8.Creating an atmosphere _________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which
9.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. which C. when D. who
10.The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A．which B. what C. whose D. that
11.As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
A. which B. where C. whom D. when
1.All the neighbor admire this family.________the parents are treating their child like a friend.
A.why B.where C.which D.that
2.The road conditions there turned out to be very good,______was more than we could expect.
A.it B.what C.which D.that
3.I’ll give you y friend’s home address,I can be reached most evenings.
A.which B.when C.whom D.where
4.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry._________there won’t be much work.
A.where B.that C.by which D.without which
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5.We went through a period______communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
A.which B.whose C.in which D.with which
6.They will fly to Washington,________they plan to stay for two or three days.
A.where B.there C.which D.when
7.For many cities in the world,there is no room to spread our further,_______New York is an example.
A.for which B.in which C.of which D.from which
8.Yesterday she sold her car,______she bought a month ago.
A.whom B.where C.that D.which
9.By nine o’clock,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,____appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A.of which B.on which C.from which D.above which
10.the growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,_are beyond our control.
A.most of them B.most of which C.most of what D.most of that
11.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers__consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.
A.where B.when C.who D.which
12.Occasions are quite rare____I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A.who B.which C.why D.when