2022届高三第二轮总复习定语从句课件（20张ppt)

(共45张PPT)
高三第一轮总复习
The Attributive Clause
定　　语　　从　　句
Rose
Jack
The girl
is standing close to Jack is Rose
Rose
who / that
2022/1/17
一、概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的 从句叫定语从句。
The girl who is standing close to Jack is Rose
先行词 关系词
二、先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。
三、引导词：
　　　　　　分类：关系代词和关系副词
　　　　　　功能：连接桥梁作用；在从句中作　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　某一句子成分
1. This is the film ___________ is very famous
in the world.
2. Jack and Rose are the hero and the heroine
__________ loved each other very much in
the film .
3. The man and the woman ______ you see in
the picture are Jack and Rose .
4. This is the film _______ name is Titanic .
which / that
who / that
whom
whose
基础知识回顾---关系词小结
关系代词（who, whom, which, that，whose,as）
Learn about the Attributive Clause
指人 指物 作用 在定语从句中的成分
who
whom
which
that
whose
as the same … as such …as
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
主语
主语
主语
宾语(可以省略)
宾语(可以省略)
宾语（可以省略）
宾语（可以省略）
定语=sb’s or sth’s
连
接
桥梁
√
√
关系副词的用法
关系副词 作用 指代 在从句的 成分 使用范围
when 限制性和
非限制性
定语从句
where 限制性和
非限制性
定语从句
why
限制性
定语从句
(= during/in
/on which)
(=in/at which)
(=for which)
连
接
桥梁
时间的名词
地点的名词
reason
作时间状语
作地点状语
作原因状语
四、分 隔 型 定 语 从 句
定语从句一般直接放在先行词之后，但有时也被一个较短的定语或谓语动词将它与先行词分开，这时被称为分隔定语 从句。例如： I was the only person in my office
who was invited. 句中in my office把定语从句who was invited 与先行词分隔开。
五、as在定语从句的运用
1.This is the same tool as I used last time.
*This is the same tool that I used last time.
2.He is such a great man as we all admire.
3.Taiwang belongs to china, as we all know.
4.As we all know, Taiwang belongs to China
5. As we all know,=As is well known,
As we expected ,=As was expected,
As they showed above,=As was shown above
六、用who, 不用that的场合
Those _____ want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.
归纳：
____________________________________
____________________________________
但是在以疑问词who开头的句子中, 或关系代词在从句中作表语时, 用that, 不用who。
Who is the man that is shouting there
She is not the girl that she used to be.
先行词是 one, anybody, anyone, all, those
等时，关系代词用who不用that .
七、用that不用which的场合
Is there anything ___ I can do for you
The only thing ____ he could do was waiting.
The last place ____ they visited was Beijing.
We were deeply impressed by the teachers
　and schools ____we had visited.
. He is the very man ____ she is looking after.
.Whoever ____ is content with a little progress
can’t make big achievements.
He is no longer the man ____ he used to be.
先行词是 all, little, few, much, anything, everything,
nothing, none, no one, some等不定代词。
2) 先行词被all, every, no, some, little, few, much,
one of , the only, the very, the right,等所修饰时。
3) 先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
4) 先行词中既有人又有物时。
5) 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last
修饰时。
6) 在疑问词 who、which、what开头的句子中,
要用that。
7) 关系代词在定语从句中作表语只用that。
九、非限定性定语从句
His father ________is an engineer , will fly to HongKong this Sunday.
A. which B. who C. that D. ,who
译：____________________________________________________________________
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 方面 起限制作用；若被省去，原句意义不完整 起补充说明作用；若省去，原句意义不受影响
翻译 译在先行词前（即从句译作先行词的定语） 可译成与主句并列的一个分句
功能 修饰先行词 即可修饰先行词又可修饰整个句子
关系词 方面 可用that代替人或物，作宾语时可省略 不可用that引导，作宾语时也不能省
形式 其前无逗号 其前有逗号
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
十、“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句
（1）关系代词which（指物）和whom（指人）在定语从句中作介词宾语时，这个介词可放在关系代词之前，也可以放在定语从句之尾。当介词置于从句之尾时，which可用that代替，whom可用who或that代替，并常可省去关系代词。
In the street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
此句可改为：
In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person ( who/ whom / that ) she could turn to for help.
此句中的关系代词可用who/ whom/ that ，也可省略不用。 再如：
Is this the car for which you paid a high price
句中“pay … for …”是固定搭配，意为“付钱买物”。
此句可改为：
Is this the car (which /that ) you paid a high price for
此句中的关系代词可用 which/ that ，也可省略不用。
（2）.“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词可以是：in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without 等。 介词在前面时，关系代词只可用whom 或which，不可用that。
This is the car, for which he paid 5.000 dollars.（正）
Is this the car for that you paid a high price (错)
十一、注意特例　
（１）from where 为“介词＋关系副词”结构 We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.
（２）listen to, look at ， depend on, take care of, look after 等在定语从句中，一般不将介词与动词分开。 例如：
This is the boy( whom/ who/ that ) she has taken care of.
（３）前行词为way ,引导词用in which ,that ,X
（４）前行词为position ,situation引导词用where
十二、易混词区分—关系词的区分
1. Diaoyu Islands belong to China, _________
is known to all.
2. _________ is known to all, Diaoyu Islands
belong to China.
一、as 与 which 的区别
as / which
As
★as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，
不同之处主要有两点：
1. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句
之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个
主句；另外，as有_____________的意思。
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在
主句________。
正如…
之后
2. 当先行词受such, the same修饰时，
常用_____
I have never heard such a story
_____he tells.
This is the same book ______I
lost last week.
as
as
as
She wore the same dress ______she wore
at Mary’s wedding.
她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
She wore the same dress _____her young
sister wore.
她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，
偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是
和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。
that
as
3. as 引导定语从句用法补充
This is such an interesting book ____
we all like.
这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。
This is such an interesting book ____
we all like it.
这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。
as
that
定语从句
结果状语从句
1. He will never forget the day __________
he was trapped on the highway.
2. He will never forget the day __________
he spent on the highway.
when
that / which
解题步骤：
1、找出先行词
2、准确判断先行词在_________中充当的成分。
3、指时间，地点或原因的先行词在从句中
作主语或宾语，用______或_____引导从句。
做状语，则用相应的关系_______。
定语从句
which
that
副词
易混词区分—关系词的区分
3. This is the reason _______ they discussed
about the issue.
4. The reason ____________ he gave wasn’t
convincing.
5. This is the city _________ is worth a visit.
6. This is the city ________ people can see
many special stores.
三、关系代词和关系副词的区别
why
that / which
which
where
易混句型区分—定语从句与并列句
1. I am reading Harry Porter , ______ is an
interesting book.
2. I am reading Harry Porter ; ______ is an
interesting book.
3. I am reading Harry Porter, and ____ is
an interesting book.
由__________and, but, or等或_______把两个或两个以上的________连在一起。
并列连词
分号
简单句
并
列
句
it
it
which
;
and
Summary:定语从句解题三步骤
１.确定先行词
２.确定从句
３.还原
　　　　１）将先行词放到从句中的合适　
　　　　　　位置，判断它在句中充当何种　
　　　　　　句子成分。
　　　　２）找一个合适的引导词代替它。
Are you clear now
OK. Let’s do some exercises!
Fill in the blanks with who, whom,
that, which or whose
The earthquake ___________ hit the city in
1906 was the biggest in American history.
We don’t know the number of people
____________ lost their homes in 1906
earthquake.
that / who
which /that
The house ____________ they built in 1987
stayed up in the earthquake.
4. A house ____________ is built on sand
may fall down in a earthquake.
5. Luckily none of the people _______________
I know were killed in the earthquake.
6. Harry is the boy ________ mother is our
maths teacher.
which / that
who/whom/that
whose
that / which
The famous basketball star, _______ tried to
make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where B. when C. which D. who
解析: 本题考察定语从句关联词的选择，
从句意可知先行词the famous basketball star
(著名的篮球明星)是人, 所以应用表示人的
关联词who。
真题解析
D
For many cities in the world, there is no
room to spread out further, _______ New York
is an example.
A. for which
B. in which
C. of which
D. from which
C
I have many friends, _____ whom some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which
C. who of D. of whom
高考链接
解析：考查介词+关系代词
of
2. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________ which the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which
C. from which D. for which
高考链接
解析：该题考查定语从句介词+关系代词。
of
3. Is this the only reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work
高考链接
解析：先行词前有the only, the very, the right等修饰时，要用that。
that
1. There is a rocket motor __________ the
direction of the satellite can be changed.
2. What does a household look like ________
you have one parent who has to work,
or two parents who are working full-time
3. A country’s capacity to produce wealth
depends upon many factors, _____________
have an effect on one another.
Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks using
prep+which/whom.
by which
in which
most of which
4. This is the gun _____ _______ the hunter
shot the antelope.
5. The athletes _______ _____ he will compete
come from Greece and Czech Republic.
6. He’ll never forget the day ____ ______ he
was admitted to the Olympic Games for
the first time.
with which
against whom
on which
7. A great number of cultural relics have
been found in a village ____ ______ there
are lots of old temples.
8. The guitar _____ _______ Dave composed
our first hit is in a music museum.
9. The musicians _____ ______ we have
great interest toured Europe with us.
in
which
with which
in whom
10. The sun gives us heat and light,
_______ which we can’t live.
11. The student ______ whom we were
talking is the best student in our class.
12. I’ll never forget the day ___ which
she said good-bye to me.
about
on
without
13. Who can give me the reason ____
which he hasn’t turned up yet
14. In the dark street, there wasn’t a
single person ________ she could turn
for help.
15. He paid the boy $10 for washing
the windows, ____________ hadn’t
been cleaned for at least a year.
for
to whom
most of which
Revising useful structures
I made the jar which I gave her for her birthday.
Painting is an activity that I really enjoy.
The interpreter to whom you need to talk is on holiday.
The man who my best friend has just married is a doctor.
The woman whose daughter I went to school with is over there.
Suggested answers to Exercise 2 on page 33:
The school where you studied last year has been improved.
Anne is doing some research on the time when her grandmother was a child.
The reason why he was late for school was that he was watching an interview of the first Chinese astronaut on TV.
Suggested answers to Exercise 3 on page 33:
I’d like to go to a place where I can go swimming every day.
The story which/that I enjoy most is Harry potter.
I’d like to learn to play the musical instrument which/this is easy to carry.
The reason why I didn’t finish my homework was that I had a terrible headache.
The person to whom she is married is very thoughtful.
I participate most often in badminton classes which/that our school coach holds on Tuesdays.
I won’t ever forget the day when my team won the soccer competition.
Suggested answers to Exercise 4 on page 33:
A large brush which has a long handle for sweeping
A container which is made of glass
A container which is made of metal
A book which is used for studying in school
A structure which covers a building
A flat frame which is made of metal on a cooker with strong direct heat below
A person whose job is to make you understand what people are saying in another language
A plant in the garden which you don’t want
Homework
Find more information about the
attributive clause and remember
the rules.
Thank You!