2022年中考英语语法专题-第19讲 定语从句（word版）

英语个性化教学辅导教案
学生 年级 上课地点 第 次授课
授课时间 年 月 日 星期 学科老师 班主任
教学课题 Lesson 19 定语从句
教学目标 定语从句各引导词的用法及区别；
教学重、难点 常见连接词的选择
教学内容
一、概念及分类
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词后。
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去；非限制性定语从句，主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
二、定语从句的引导词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that, which, who (宾格whom，所有格whose)，as等，关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的句子成分。
1.关系代词
（1）关系代词种类
引导词 先行词 从句中的成分
that 人、物 主，宾，表
which 物 主，宾，表
who 人 主，宾
whom 人 宾
whose 人、物 定
as 物 主，宾，表
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.
Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
I lived in a house whose roof has fallen down.
（2）易混关系词的辨析
只能用that作为定语从句的情况
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that,而不用which或者who.
He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one, little, few等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.
Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁
f.主句是there be结构，引导词作主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
h.有两个定语从句时，其中一个宜用which，另外一个宜用that。
They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.
i .当先行词在主句中作表语。而关系代词在从句中也作表语时,
Shanghai is no longer the city that is used to be.
关系词只能用which/ who/whom,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时,用which/ who/whom, 而不用that.
What’s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么
b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which/whom, 而不用that.
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which / who/whom，而不用that.
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
d.先行词后面有插入语时, 只用which不用that。
Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help you improve your English.
whose
whose引导定语从句时，先行词既可以是人也可以是物;
Do you know the girl whose husband is a teacher
This is a book whose cover is green.
of which 可以代替whose, 其结构为the +名词+of which /of which +the +名词; 如果先行词为人时，可以用the +名词+of which 来代替。
He lives in the room whose window faces south.
He lives in the room the window of which faces south.
He live in the room of which the window faces south.
He is a scientist whose name is known all over the country.
He is a scientist the name of whom is known all over the city.
2.关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词
关系副词: 在从句中作状语
where
指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语；先行词除了可以表示具体地点的名词（如place, home, school, village等）外，还可以是表示抽象的地点名词（如，point, situation, case, stage, activity).
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
He has got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
when
指时间：在定语从句中做时间状语。先行词为occasion 时也用when。
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
The time when we got together finally came.
why
指原因：在定语从句中做原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：
关系副词=介词+关系代词
①介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
②that前不能有介词。
③某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。
why =for which
where = in / at / on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when = during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club
This is the reason for which he came late.
Do you remember the day when you joined our club
This is the reason why he came late.
三、定语从句中省略
（1）在限制性定语从句，做宾语用的关系代词（who, that, whom）可省略，但非限制性定语从句中的做宾语的关系代词不能省略。
The girl (whom / who/ that) the teacher spoke to is my sister.
Tom, whom you saw yesterday, is ill.
（2）先行词为way时，且引导词在定语从句中做状语，用that / in which引导定语从句，that或者in which可省略；如引导词在从句中做宾语，用that/ which引导，亦可省略。
I don’t like the way (that / in which) she speaks to mother.
The way (that / which) you thought of to solve the problem was good. 2 / 2