2022年中考英语语法专题-第20讲 状语从句（word版）

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教学课题 Lesson 20 状语从句
教学目标 了解掌握几种常见的状语从句别；
教学重、难点 常见连接词的区别
教学内容
一、概述及种类
定义：用来充当状语的句子称为状语从句。
功能：它主要用于修饰句子中的谓语动词、形容词或副词等，有时修饰整个句子。
位置：状语从句的位置较活。
可以放在主句之前，用逗号与主句隔开；也可以放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。
由于它是从各个方面来修饰、说明谓语动词发生时的各种情况，所以常见的状语从句有八种之多。各种不同的状语从句所使用的关系词也各不相同。
时间状语从句 结果状语从句
地点状语从句 比较状语从句
条件状语从句 目的状语从句
原因状语从句 让步状语从句
二、分类详解
1.时间状语从句
（1）在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态, 即遵守主将从现原则。
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.
I will tell him everything when he comes back.
(2)常用连词辨析
when / while /as
连词 用法 谓语动词 意义
when 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。可以指时间的某个点，也指一段时间。 延续性动词；
非延续性动词 当……时候
as 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生。可以指时间的某个点，也指一段时间。 延续性动词；
非延续性动词 随着……
一边……一边……
当……时候
while 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，强调一段时间。从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态。 延续性动词 当……时候 在……期间
When they heard the news, they all jumped with joy.
I owed Jack $ 100 when I was in London.
The students sang as they walked.
As he stood up, he dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.
While I was reading, he came in.
I made some foreign friends while I was in London.
注意：
a. when还可作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this / that time。常用于下列句式：
sb. was doing sth. when...某人正在干某事就在这时……
sb. was about to / going to do sth. when...某人正打算干某事就在这时……
sb. had just done sth. when...某人刚干了某事就在这时……
b. when还表示原因“既然”。
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk here in five minutes.既然你可以步行五分钟就能到这儿，坐出租车来真是愚蠢。
c. while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.他喜欢流行音乐，而我却喜欢民间音乐。
d.如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend of mine.我在街道上走的时候，见到了我的一个老朋友。
表示“一……就……”连词引导时间状语从句
a. as soon as
As soon as he arrives, we will start to work.
b. the moment the instant the minute the second
instantly immediately directly
The moment I saw him, I recognized him.
The boy burst into tears immediately he saw her mother.
c. hardly/scarcely…when
no sooner…than…
No sooner had we arrived at the station the train left.
till /until 和not … until
until /till
延续性动词（肯定式）+ until /till 表示“动作延续到……为止”
We walked along the river until / till it was dark.瞬间动词（否定式）+ until / till 表示“直到……才发生”
He didn’t know anything about it until / till I told him.
强调句型
It is / was until…that…
It was not until the professor came that we began the class.
注意：
a. till不可以置于句首，而until可以置于句首。
Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我，我对此事才有所了解。
b.如果将“not until...”结构放在句首，那么主句要写成倒装句。
Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it.直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。
before / since
before
引导时间状语从句，词义非常灵活。
Please make sure you return the book before it’s due. (在……之前)
Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. (…之后才…)
Someone call me up in the midnight, but he hang up before I could answer the phone. (还没来的急……就……)
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.(还没……就……)
Please write down before you forget it. (趁……还没……就……)
since
表示“自从……以来”, 从句一般用过去时，主句用完成时。
Since he graduated from the college, he has worked in this city.
It is +时间段+ since / before 句型
It will /won’t be + 时间段+ before 要等……时间才……；过不了多长时间就……
It was / wasn’t + 时间段 + before 过了多长时间才……；没过多长时间就……
It is / has been +时间段+since自从……以来，已经有多少时间了。
It will be 2 years before he leaves the country.
It wasn’t long before he told me about himself.
It is 5 years since he lived here.（注意翻译）
2.条件状语从句
（1） if / unless
if 表示正面条件，意思为“如果”；unless (if...not) 表示反面条件，意思为“除非，如果不”。
If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
I may not come to see you recently unless I can complete the work ahead of time.
（2）in case, on condition that, providing (that), provided (that), supposing (that), suppose (that), 等词汇意义相近，意思为“万一，假使，假如，在……条件下”。
In case there is a fire, what will we do
Suppose / supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help
They agree to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.
（3）as long as =so long as引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意思为“只要”。
I don’t mind where you go, as long as you’re back before midnight.
（4）“祈使句+and / or /or else / otherwise+ 陈述句”句型中。
Study hard, and you will be successful.
Study hard, or you will fail.
One more word, and I will beat you flat.
3.原因状语从句
（1）because / as / since /now that
because
放于主句前或者后，表示直接原因，语气最强，最适合回答why引导的疑问句，可以用于强调句中。
I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
It was because he was late for the class that he was punished by the teacher.
注意：
“not ... because”结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句
The country is not strong because it is large. 国强不在大。
since
一般放于主句之前，表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)，较为正式, 语气比because弱.
Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.
as
表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”，语气比since弱，较为正式，常放于主句之前。
As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 既然在下雨，你最好乘出租汽车。
As you are tired, you had better rest. 既然累了，你最好休息一下。
for
并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。
He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能见过我，因为我不在那里。
（2）when , seeing that , considering that, now (that), in that 也可以引导原因状语从句与since引导的原因状语从句意思相近，都表示“既然”。
Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him.
Now (that) you are a grown-up, you should not rely on your parents.
Considering (that) everybody is here, let’s begin our discussion.
In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it.
4.结果状语从句
（1）结果状语从句由so…that, such…that表示“如此……以致”
He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.
She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.
My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it.
（2）so…that语such...that 异同
在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是：“...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。
He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.
The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.
在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。
It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.
He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term examination.
有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。
It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.
=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.
如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。
Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.
He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.
5.比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由as…as, than, not so…as , the more…the more 等词来引导。
Tom runs faster than John does.
This classroom is as big as that one.
6.目的状语从句
so that / in order that
两词都表示“为了，以便”，引导目的状语从句常与情态动词can /could /may /might 等连用；
in order that 引导的从句可以置于主句之前或者之后, so that 引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
I am studying hard so that / in order that I can go to a famous university.
In order that we could save time we used the computer.
for fear that
for fear that 生怕，以免
Batteries must be kept in dry places for fear that electricity should leak away.
in case以防
I will keep a seat for you in case you change your mind.
so that
既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：
a.目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。
b.从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)
Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)
②so / such…that 引导的结果状语从句与so / such …as 引导的定语从句的区别：
so / such…that 引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用。
It such a moving film that we all want to see it .
so / such…as 引导的定语从句, as 在从句中做主语或者宾语。
It such a moving film as we all want to see.
7.让步状语从句
（1）though / although
意思为“虽然，尽管”，主句里面不可用but; 若要强调前后两部分对比意义，可在主句句首加yet和still.
Although / though he is rich, yet /still he is not happy.
注意：
though 除了conj.外还可以做adv.
特殊搭配：even though =even if ; as though =as if
（2）as
虽然，尽管，引导让步状语从句，从句放在主句前面，且从句必须倒装；
常用形式为：形容词、副词、名词、动词、过去分词+as +主语+谓语。
Young as he is, he can speak several languages.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
（3）no matter who ( what /when / which / how/ where) 相当于 who ( what / when / which / how / where )+ever，表示无论……
Whatever work we do, we should do our best.
④whether…or…，意思为“不管……还是……”
Whether she comes here or we go there, the meeting should be opened on time.
⑤while, 尽管，虽然，相当于although / though
While we don’t agree on that, we continue to be good friends.
8.地点状语从句
（1）常常由where / wherever 来引导，指具体地点时候，从句可用于主句之前或者之后；表示抽象意义时，从句需放在主句之前。
They are planting trees where there is plenty of water.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
（2）where 引导状语从句和定语从句的区别：
引导状语从句时where 前面没有先行词，而引导定语从句时得有先行词。
You’d better make marks where you have some questions.
You’d better make marks at the place where you have questions. 2 / 2