2022年牛津深圳版中考英语语法--一If,when引导的条件状语从句用法详解+练习（无答案）

第十一讲 If / When 引导的从句
【学习目标】1.了解if条件句，及其用法。
2. 掌握when引导的从句。
3. 理解7B Unit 1 的单词。
【知识要点】
一、if引导的条件状语从句
1. 含义: if意为 “如果, 假如”, 引导条件状语从句。由if引导的句子是复合句的从句, 剩下的分句为主句。在
条件状语从句中, if从句往往用来描写可能发生的动作, 主句往往谈论可能发生的结果。
If it is hot tomorrow, we will go swimming. 如果明天天气热的话, 我们就去游泳。
↓ ↓
从句 主句
(可能发生的动作) (可能发生的结果)
2. 位置: 在if引导的条件状语从句中, if条件句的位置灵活, 可直接放在主句后, 也可放在主句前,
若if条件句放句首, 从句后面要加逗号, 和主句隔开。
例如:如果我这周末有空的话, 我将去看望我最好的朋友。
I will visit my best friend if I am free this weekend.
If I am free this weekend, I will visit my best friend.
3. if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中, 主句有下列情况时, 从句用一般现在时态表示将来意义:
(1) 当主句为一般将来时态时。（可能性）例如:
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go to have a picnic with my family.
如果明天不下雨, 我将和我的家人去野餐。
(2) 当主句是祈使句时。例如:
Please stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨的话, 请待在家里。
(3) 当主句的谓语含有can, may, must等情态动词时。例如:
You may ask for help from Mr Zhang if you have problems on Maths.
如果你在数学上有问题, 你可以向张老师寻求帮助。
(4) if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时。（必然性）例如：
If you heat ice it turns to water. 如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。
注意 ：
学习" if " 引导的条件状语从句的用法,现在总结一下:
if 条件句不一般,几个要点记心间;
条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间。
条件句表可能，主句多用将来时；
条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。
在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。如：
e.g. We can walk there if we can't find a bus .
e.g. If it rains tomorrow ,we will not go to the zoo.
e.g. What will you do if you find a panda in danger.
如果 if 条件句谈论的是重复发生和预示必定要发生的情景和事件，则主从句大多用一般现在时态。如：
e.g. If you go into a clothes shop you find clothes.
e.g. If you go into a car showroom you see cars.
e.g. Water turns into ice if you cool it.
e.g. The wood floats if you put it into water.
【即学即练】
I. 单项选择。
( )1. If I feel tired, I ________ a rest.
A. will take B. am taking C. take D. took
( )2. --- Jack, what ______ you do if you ________a traffic accident
--- I will call the police.
A. did; see B. are; see C. do; see D. will; see
( )3. If there is no Internet, we _______ much trouble.
A. have B. had C. will have D. is going to have
( )4. If I have time, I ______ a talk with you.
A. will have B. going to have C. have D. has
( )5. If you ________ time tomorrow, I ______ shopping with you.
A, have; go B. will have; go C. have; will go D. could have; will go
( )6. If you work for a long time, you _________ tired.
A. will B. can be C. will be D. have been
( )7. If Peter ______ time this evening, he ______ to our party.
A. doesn’t have; doesn’t come B. won’t have; doesn’t come
C. won’t have; won’t come D. doesn’t have; won’t come
( ) 8. If it rains, we _______ our work on the farm.
A. stop B. will stop C. stopped D. stops
II. 在正确的答案下划一条线。
1. Daina ( will go/go/goes) to Europe if she (will pass/pass/passes) the exams .
2. Where (will/ do/does) they live if they (will miss/ miss/ misses) the bus
3. If there (will be/ are/is) a car accident, they (will call/call/calls) 110 for help at once.
4. If it (won’t/don’t/doesn’t/ isn’t) rainy, we (will take/ take/takes) walk outside.
5. If a UFO (will land/land/lands) in front of me, I (will go/go/goes) in to look for the alien.
6. If he (will have/have/has) money, he (will build/build/builds) a science lab.
7.Don’t wait for me if I (am/ will be) late.
8.They (won’t/don’t) go to the beach if it (will rain/rain /rains).
9. I (will call/ call) you if he (will stay/stay /stays) at home.
10. Mr Smith (will let/ let/lets) you know if he (will need/ need/ needs) help.
III.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.If you ________(feel) tired, you _______________ (have) to have a rest.
2. Where _______ he _________(see) the film if he ________________(have) time
3. If there __________(be) fewer trees, there _______________( be) more pollution.
4. He _____________(dress) more casually if he ________________( not work) on weekends.
5. If Marcia _____________(live) alone, she ___________________( keep) a pet parrot.
6. Lana ________________( buy) a new dress if the old one ____________(be) out of style.
7.The twins ______________(fight) if they_______________(argue).
8. I ____________(have) a bake sale if I _____________(need) money for education.
9. Peter _____________( send) me a beautiful souvenir if he ________________(tour) Spain.
10. If Mr Green ___________(say) I am hard- working, my parents _________( feel) glad.
二、when引导的时间状语从句
在复合句中, 由时间连接词when引导的状语从句是时间状语从句。此时从句的动作可以和主句的动作同时发生, 也可以在主句的动作之前或是之后发生。其具体体现在以下几个方面:
1. 从句的动作和主句动作同时发生, 意为 “当……时; 在……的时候”, 例如:
He liked playing basketball when he was young. 他年轻的时候, 喜欢打篮球。
When Lucy was ten years old, she was interested in playing the piano.
当露西十岁的时候, 她对弹钢琴感兴趣。
2. 从句的动作发生在主句动作之前, 例如:
When you get there, please tell Lucy to call me back. 你到那后, 请告诉露西给我回电话。
Come here when you finish your homework. 你做完作业后, 到这儿来。
3. 从句的动作发生在主句动作之后, 例如:
When I got home, my grandparents had left. 当我回到家时, 我的祖父母已经离开了。
My classmates had gone when I finished reading the novel. 当我看完小说, 我的同学早就走了。
此外, 我们也可以用before, after, while, as soon as和until来引导时间状语从句。例如:
1. I have to finish my homework before my father comes home. 我不得不在我爸爸回家之前完成作业。
2. I began to do my homework after my father came home. 在我爸爸回家之后, 我开始做作业。
3. While they were talking, the teacher came in. 当他们正说话时, 老师进来了。
4. I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。
5. I didn’t do my homework until my father came home. 直到爸爸回家我才开始做作业。
◆when的用法：
1.when后通常用表示暂短性动词，while后通常用表示持续性动词，而while所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：
When the car exploded I was walking past it. = While I was walking past the car it exploded.
2.when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如：
I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
3.when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：
1）I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。
2）We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。
◆ when和while引导时间状语从句的区别：
when表示“当……的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词，又可用非延续性动词，这些动词既可以表示动作，又可表示状态。从句中的动作既可和主句的动作同时发生，又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。
例如：Mary was having dinner when I saw her.
　　　The boy was still sleeping when his mother got home yesterday morning.
　　　When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.
while表示“在……的时候”、“在……期间” 、“一边……一边……”。while从句中必须是表示动作或状态的延续性动词。它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。
例如：The weather was fine while we were in Beijing.
　　　She called while I was out.
　　　I was drawing while my brother was reading.
　　　He likes reading a newspaper while he is waiting for the bus.
如果主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生，从句常用进行时。
例如：While we were swimming, someone stole our clothes.
　　　Don't talk so loud while others are working.
◆ 有时when 和while 可以转换使用。
1）when，while都有“当……时候”的意思。
when既可表示某一点时间，也可以表示某一段时间 。在when引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。例如：
1. I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。
2. Were you writing when the teacher came in 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？
3. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。
2) while只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。例如：
1. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。
2. You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。
3) 另外，when和while的区别还在于：while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。例如：
1. While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。
2. I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.
昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候，我正在做家庭作业。
【即学即练】
I.选择题。
( )1.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.
A. cooked, were ringing B. was cooking, rang C. was cooking, were ringing D. cooked, rang
( )2.He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.
A. tries B. tried C. was trying D. will try
( )3.While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.
A. was watching, was hearing B. watched, was hearing
C. watched, heard D. was watching, heard
( )4.They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.
A. were watching B. watch C. watched D. are watching
( )5.What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon
A. did, read, was seeing B. did, read, saw
C. were, reading, saw D. were, reading, was seeing
( )6.It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _____ ready to fly to England.
A. are getting B. get C. were getting D. got
( )7.Lei Feng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army.
A. is, thinking, was B. was, thinking, is C. did, think, is D. was, thinking, was
( )8.A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me.
A. saw, passed B. was seeing, passed C. was seeing, passed D. was seeing, was passing
( )9.We ____ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______.
A. were waiting, waiting B. were waiting, wait C.waited, waiting D. waited, wait
( )10. He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.
A. helps B. would help C. was helping D. is helping
II. 用动词的适当形式填空。
1. While we __________ (wait) for the bus, a girl __________ (run) up to us.
2. I __________ (telephone) a friend when Bob __________ (come) in.
3. Jim __________ (jump) on the bus as it __________ (move) away.
4. We __________ (test) the new machine when the electricity __________ (go) off.
5. She __________ (not want) to stay in bed while the others ________ (all, work) in the fields.
6. While mother ________ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell ________ (ring).
7. As I __________ (walk) in the park, it __________ (begin) to rain.
8. Even when she ___________ (be) a child she _____ _____ (already, think) of becoming a ballerina (芭蕾舞演员).
9. It was quite late at night. George __________ (read) and Amy __________ (ply) her needle when they __________ (hear) a knock at the door.
10. There __________ (be) a group round the fire when they __________ (reach) it. An old woman __________ (sit) on the ground near the kettle; two small children __________ (lie) near her; a donkey __________ (bend) his head over a tall girl.
III.翻译下列句子。
1. 当我离开的时候他正在画一幅世界地图。
2. 当你看见他们的时候他们在干什么？他们在打扫教室。
3. 当汤姆在操场上踢足球时，约翰在打篮球。
4. 一天，母亲下班回家的时候，约翰在写给一个朋友写信。
5. 老师走进教室的时候，学术们正在谈论当天的新闻。
【课后作业】
I. 单项选择。从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。
( ) 1. _____ I grow up, I want to be a teacher.
A. When B. Because C. If D. Where
( ) 2. _____ I was four, I went to school.
A. If B. When C. How D. What
( ) 3. Mary got to the station _____ it was 8 o’clock.
A. because B. when C. if D. how
( ) 4. My mother will take a plastic bag _____ she goes shopping.
A. because B. what C. when D. how
( ) 5. _____ my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
A. While B. After C. Before D. Because
( ) 6. It will be a long time ____ we meet again.
A. before B. what C. so D. because
( ) 7. Look! The birds are singing happily ____ Tom comes towards them.
A. when B. how C. what D. who
( ) 8. If you _____ to the party, you’ll have a great time.
A. will go B. went C. go D. going
( ) 9. What will father _____ us from Japan
A. take B. bring C. carry D. make
( ) 10. I ____ her the answer if she ____me.
A. can tell, will ask B. will tell, will ask C. would tell, ask D. will tell, asks
( ) 11. – What are you going to do tomorrow
--We’ll go to the library tomorrow if it ___.
A. isn’t rain B. rain C. won’t rain D. doesn’t rain
( ) 12.—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow
--Sorry, I don’t know. When he ____ back, I’ll tell you.
A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come
( ) 13. What will you do if you _____ to the old folk’s home visit
A. go B. went C.going D. will go
( ) 14. I’ll give the book to him if he ___ here next Sunday.
A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. came
II. 用括号内所给单词的正确时态填空。
1. If you do exercises every day, you _______ (be) stronger.
2. The room ________ (become) bright if you open the window and let the sunshine in.
3. If you _________ (travel) in space, you will lose gravity.
4. If it ___________ (not rain) any more, the plants will die.
5. Our city will get dirty if we ____________ (throw) rubbish everywhere.
6. If he ________ (study) hard, he will get good grades.
7. Everyone must wear odd (古怪的) clothes. If you don’t, they __________ (not let) you in.
8. Don’t do that if you __________ (have) no money.
9. My grandfather will wear a pair of glasses if he _______ (read) newspapers.
10. Please turn off the light if you _________ (leave) the classroom.
11. ______ it ______(rain) when you left school Yes, it ____. (No, it ____)
12. What _____ your father _____ (do) when he was your age
13. When the bell rang, jenny _____ (wait) in her seat.
14. While my father ____ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly ____ a cry.