2022年牛津深圳版中考语法讲义（1）--形容词&副词用法辨析+练习（无答案）

中考语法讲义（1）
形副中考辨析
形容词
1.1形容词的一般用法：
形容词是指用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。一般放在它所修饰的名词前作定语，也可独立作表语或宾语补足语等。
作定语：a good girl 一个好女孩
an interesting story 一个有趣的故事
作表语：The meal is delicious.这顿饭很好吃。
Yao Ming is very tall.姚明很高
宾补：make/keep + 名词/ 代词 + 形容词
Don't make your hands dirty.不要弄脏你的手
We're trying to make our school beautiful 我们努力让我们的学校变得漂亮。
1.2形容词的位置
1）形容词与不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等连用时，要放在这些词后面。
如： There is something wrong with my DVD machine. It's nothing serious.
2）enough作形容词时，既可放在被修饰的名词前，也可放在被修饰的名词后。
如：I have enough money. 我有足够的钱。
We have money enough to buy every book here. 我们的钱足以买这里的每一本书。
有些形容词只能作表语。如：alone, afraid, asleep，awake, alive, well(健康的), ill, frightened等。
如： That old man feels alone because his children are out.
I'm afraid he can't come.
The boy is alone
4）形式像副词的形容词。如：lonely，friendly, lively, lovely，likely, elderly, ugly,silly，daily
1.3形容词的常用句式
（1）“It's＋adj.＋of＋sb＋不定式”表示“某人做某事……”
这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如： good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrong等。
（2）“It's＋adj.＋for＋sb＋不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说……”。
这一句型中常用描述做某事性质的形容词，如：important, necessary, difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等。
（3）find/think /believe+ it + 形容词 + to do sth 觉得做某事怎么样
They found it hard to climb to the top of the mountain.
I don’t think it right to laugh at others.
副词
1.1副词的一般用法：
修饰动词（短语） We are learning English enthusiastically.我们满腔热情地学习英语
修饰形容词 They are extremely cheerful.他们十分快乐。
修饰副词 He worked very hard.他工作十分努力
修饰句子 Fortunately, they did not hurt themselves.幸好他们没有伤到自己
1.2形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化
三级的用法
（一）原级的用法
1、只能修饰原级的词有very, quite, so, too等。如：
The old man is too tired to walk on. 那个老人太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
2、原级常用的句型结构
（1）“as＋形容词原级/副词原级＋as ”表示“和……程度相同”。
如：Lucy is as old as Kate. 露西和凯特的年龄一样大。
Tom runs as fast as Mike. 汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。
（2）“ not＋as/so＋形容词原级/副词原级＋as ” 表示“不如……”，“和……不一样”。
如：He doesn't walk as slowly as you. 他走路不像你那样慢。
My computer is not so(as) expensive as yours. 我的电脑不如你的贵重。
"as many / few + 可数名词复数 + as"或" as much / little + 不可数名词 + as "结构。前者描述数目上的接近；后者描述量的相近。
如： You may borrow as many books as you can.你能借多少书就借多少。
"Drink as much water as you can," the doctor said to him. 医生对他说："你要尽可能地多喝些水。"
比较级常用的用法
比较级前常用much, even, a little, a bit, a lot, far等词修饰　　
（1）主语＋谓语动词＋比较级＋than any other＋单数名词
主语 + 谓语动词+比较级 + than the other 可数名词复数"
表示“A比同一范围内的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“A最……”。
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。
Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class. 李明是他们班中最聪明的学生。
主语＋谓语动词＋the＋比较级＋of the two＋……”表示“A是两者中较……的”。
如： Look at the two boys. Xiaoming is the taller of the two. 看那两个男孩，小明是两个当中较高的那个。
“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”。
如：He is getting taller and taller．他越来越高了。
He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。
“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。
如：The harder you work，the better your grades will be.你越努力学习，你的成绩就越好。
The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them. 问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小
（三）最高级常用句型结构
（1）“主语＋v.＋the＋最高级＋(单数名词)＋in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
如：①Tom is the tallest (student) in his class.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。
＝Tom is the tallest of all the students.
②I jump the furthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。
“主语＋v.＋one of the＋最高级＋复数名词＋in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
如：Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。
“特殊疑问词＋v.＋the＋最高级，A，B，or C？”用于三者以上的比较。
如：Which season do you like best，spring, summer or autumn 你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？
“主语＋v.＋the＋序数词＋最高级＋单数名词＋in/of短语”表示“……是……中的第几……”。
如：Tom is the tallest boy in his class.汤姆是他们班第二高的男生。
【课堂跟踪练习】
一，用所给词适当形式填空
A
1. The Greens are _____ (happy) to live in this _____(noise) street. They have decided to move to another place.
2. The panda has been ______ (die) for about two months.
3. I like her dress. It looks very ______ (beauty).
4. Don’t feel ______ (worry) about your child. The whole class would be ______ (friend) to the new classmate.
5. The ______ (finally) exams usually take place at the end of June.
6. It’s _____ (possible) for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.
7. It’s a _____ (please) trip for all of us.
8. The children in China are living a _____ (color) life.
9. It was an _____ (amaze) match. It amazed us.
10.He felt very _____ (sleep) and fell ____ (sleep) soon when he lay in bed.
11.We all had a very _____ (enjoy) time at the party.
B
1.I don’t like him and it would be ______________ of me to do the opposite. (honest)
2.Our holidays in Thailand were really ______________ and unforgettable. (enjoy)
3.The government is doing everything possible to help those ______________ people after the earthquake. (home)
4.Put on the glasses so that you can see the word on the blackboard ______________. (clear)
5.The war made millions of people ______________. (home)
6.What is the most ______________ animal in the forest (power)
7.It is ______________ to travel by train than by air. (cheap)
8.It is ______________ for him to finish the job in two hours. He is so slow. (possible)
9._________, over 28,000 civilians (平民) lost their lives during the three-year war in Iraq. (sad)
10.I feel quite comfortable at home when it is raining ______________ outside. (heavy)
11.Jack is such a ______________ fellow, for he always leaves this or that at the office. (forget)
12.It is not ______________ to eat food with Sudan I (苏丹红1号). (safely)
13.Lily is ______________ enough to get the prize in the 2006 Shanghai Junior High School English Contest. (luck)
14.We’d better drive our cars ______________ on rainy days. (slow)
15.One starry night, when the seven little dwarfs went back home from work, they found something ______________ at once. (usual)
二，单项选择
题组A
1. He is ________ friends than I.
A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more
2. Which is the _________ country, Japan or Australia
A. more developed B. more developing C. most developed D. most developing
3． There were _______ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.
A. little B. few C. fewer D. less
If you are not free today, come another day __________.
A. too B. so C. instead D. yet
5．He can't tell us ________, I think.
A. important anything B. anything important C. important something D. something important.
6. The Huang River is the second __________ river in our country.
A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest
7. The light in the office wasn't ________for him to read.
A. enough bright B. bright enough C. brightly D. enough brightly
8. There was an accident at the corner. ________, the girl wasn't _________hurt.
A. luckily, badly B. luck, hardly C. Lucky, heavily D. Lucky, strongly
9. You must keep your eyes _________ when you do eye exercises.
A. close B. open C. closed D., opened
10. Five days has passed , but I haven't finished half of the work. ________,
A. already B. still C. too D. yet
11. The boy doesn’t speak ______ his sister, but his written work is very good.
A. as well as B. so good as C. more better than D. more worse than
12. The actress is already 50,but she looks ______than she really is.
A. young B. more young C. more younger D. much younger
13.—Do you like western food —No ,The food of our country is ______that of western countries.
A. rather good than B. much better than C. more better than D. not so good as
14.If you do it again ______,I believe you won’t make so many mistakes next time.
A. more careful B. much careful C. more carefully D. much carefully
15.Though the player is over thirty,he can still run ______some younger players.
A.as fast as B. so fast as C. much fast than D. more faster than
【课外巩固练习】
( )1. These oranges taste_______.
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
( )2. I can’t pay ________ as he asked for.
A. as high price B.as a high price C.as high price D.as high a price
( )3. — We are going to see a film this evening . Why not go with us
— I have to do many things this evening . I’m _______ , you see .
A. free B. glad C. sorry D. busy
( )4. —Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. —OK. Let’s give him ___ to eat.
A. something different B. different anything C. anything different D. different something
( )5.The ____ person is talking with the doctor.
A. ill B. sick C. illness D. sickness
( )6.We shouldn’t buy the ____ bananas ,because eating them can make us feel _____.
ill,sick B. sick ,ill C. ill,ill D. ill,illness
( ) 7. The day is bright and _______ . Let’s go for a walk .
A. sunny B. dark C. cloudy D. windy
( ) 8. Look ! _______ beautiful that lake is !
A. What B. How C. How a D. What a
( ) 9. ---I won't go to the Great Wall tomorrow.--- I won't, ______.
A. neither B. either C. too D. also
( ) 10.That maths problem is ______ difficult ______ nobody can work it out.
A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D. very; but
（ ）11.That maths problem is difficult ________ ______ nobody can work it out.
A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D. enough;that
( ) 12. The night was very ___, so he had to take off his shoes ___.
A. quiet; quietly B. quite; quickly C. late; quick D. quite; quietly
( ) 13. He____ to school to clean his classroom.
A. always comes early B. comes always early C. always early comes D. come always earlier
( ) 14. I got up____today.
A. later B. more lately C. lately D. late
（ ) 15. Alice___goes to school at seven.
A. usual B. usually C. hard D. a little
（ ）16. I haven’t seen＿＿＿＿＿this since I collected stamps.
　 A. as old a stamp as B. so an old stamp as C. stamp as old as D. as an old stamp as.