2022年英语中考牛津深圳版初中英语语法--连词,代词&特殊疑问词详解+练习（无答案）

第四讲 连词、介词&特殊代词
【学习目标】1.掌握连词and, or, but, so 的用法。
2.掌握方位介词的用法。
3.掌握表示数量的不定代词的用法。
【知识要点】
一、连词的用法
And
“和”，连接两个名词、代词或两个形容词等语法作用相同的词语。但否定句中用or .
但如果前后名词都用no 修饰， 则可以用 and.
The air was so warm and bright.
It has no feet or legs.
It has no eyes and no ears.
I have no sister or brother
“然后”. 用于连接两句有时间上先后的句子.
She washed the dishes and fried them.
表示目的，意图。 用于go, come ,stop, run ,stay 等动词后.
Come and have a drink.
Go and buy one.
只要--- 就会--- 如果---那么--- ，用于祈使句后，表示条件与结果的关系。
Knock on the door , and it will be opened.
Come late again, and you will be fired.
But
但是, 可是, 而, 却 .
He is in poor health , but he still kept working.
用在表示歉意的话后，引起一个分句，这个but 通常不译成汉语 。
Excuse me, but can you tell me how to get to the railway station
不与although/though (“ 虽然， 尽管 ” ) 连用
Though he is old, he works hard.
He is old, but he works hard.
做介词， 表示 “除了---之外 ”。
He did nothing but watch TV.
Or
“一般疑问句 + or + 被选择的部分”构成选择疑问句
Do you like apples or pears
Would you like tea or coffee
“祈使句 + or +陈述句”， 表示 ：“------， 否则，------”
Hurry up, or you will be late.
Work hard, or you cannot pass this exam.
“和”，否定句中代替and.
I don’t like bananas or pears.
Or 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的人称要与最后的那个主语保持一致。
Either you or he is right. 要么你要么他是对的
Or so 大约， 左右 I’ll be there in an hour or so.
So
so表示因果关系，后面加结果。意为“因此，所以”。because/for后面加原因。意为“因为”。
注意：because 和so 不能同时出现。
He is ill today, so he didn’t come to school.他今天生病了，所以他没有来学校。
【课堂练习】
I、单项选择。
( )1．Work hard， _______ you'll catch up with others．
A．and B．but C．or D．for
( )2．Be quick， _______ you'll be late for the football match．
A．so B．but C．and D．or
( )3．We bought Granny a present， _______ she didn't like it．
A．but B．and C．when D．if
( )4．That was our first lesson， _______ she didn't know all our names．
A．for B．but C．so D．or
( )5．The boy is only ten， _______ he can do some washing himself．
A．though B．but C．or D．so
( )6．He is listening to the music _______ she is washing clothes．
A．after B．before C．that D．while
( )7．He is rich， _______ he isn't happy．
A．or B．so C．and D．but
( )8．______ Saturday ______ Sunday is OK．I will be free in these two days．
A．Either；or B．Neither；nor C．Both；and D．One；the other
( )9．Mr．Zhang felt very tired， _______ he needed a good rest．
A．and B．so C．or D．but
( )10． _______ human beings（人类） _______ animals can live without air．
A．Not only ；but also B．Both；and C．Either；or D．Neither；nor
( )11．—Have you got any brothers _______ sisters？ —I have a sister．
A．nor B．or C．but D．for
( )12．Be quick， _______ you'll be late for the football match．
A．so B．but C．and D．or
( )13．Jim is an American， _______ he can speak very good Chinese．
A．if B．so C．but D．because
II、填空题。用适当的并列连词填空（and，but，so，or）
1.Hurry up,_______ you’ll be late for school.
2.Who’s the youngest, Rose, Helen ______ Betty
3.Work hard ,______ you will succeed.
4.Excuse me, _______ could you tell me the way to the post office
5.I’ll see you either on Monday _______ on Tuesday.
6.Put on your coat, ______ you’ll be cold.
7.I’m sorry, _____ could you repeat that ,please
8.There is no one here ______ me.
9.She can do anything _______sing.
10.The sky is blue______ everything is beautiful.
11.We were very tired ______ we were very happy.
12.He never smokes ______ drinks.
13.There is no air ________ water on the moon.
14.Your classroom is clean ______ tidy.
15.My house is small ______ lovely.
16.Lucy worked hard at English _____ she came first in the English exam.
17.It is hot today, _______ some boys are still playing basket ball outside.
18.People can’t live without air ________ water.
19.The Summer Palace is large _______ beautiful.
20.He looks tall and strong _______ he is afraid to go out at night.
21.We had no water _______ food at that time.
22.Hurry up! ______ we will be late!
e on ! _________ you will win the match.
24.Be careful ! ______ you will hurt yourself!
25.Work hard, _______you’ll pass the English exam this time.
二、方位介词的用法。
介词又称为前置词，它不能单独作句子的成分，必须与名词、代词或相当于名词的其词类、短语构成介词短语才能充当句子成分。以下是一些常见方位介词的用法：
1．at表示“在……处”，一般指较小的比较具体的地点。
例如：He isn't at school. He is at home. 他不在学校，他在家。
2．in表示“在……内部；在……里面”的意思。
例如：What is in the room 房间里有什么？
3．on表示“在某物的上面”，但两者互相接触。
例如：My books are on that table, 我的书在那张桌子上。
4．under表示“在某物垂直的正下方”，两者之间不接触。
例如：My cat is under my chair. 我的猫在我的椅子下。
5．behind表示“在某物体的后面”。
例如：The broom is behind the door.笤帚在门后。
6．in front of表示“在……的前面”，正好与behind相反。
例如：There are some big trees in front of our classroom.我们教室前面有几棵大树。
7．next to／beside表示“在某物体的旁边”，意为“旁边，隔壁”。
例如：Mr Smith lives next to me.史密斯先生住在我隔壁。
8．between表示“在某物体与物体之间”，通常和and连用，意为“在……之间”。
例如：Kitty is sitting between John and me. 凯蒂坐在约翰和我之间。
9．above表示“在某物的上方”，意为“在……上面”。
例如：The bird is flying above the sea.那只鸟正在海的上空飞翔。
区别：above, over, on 的用法
1. above指“……上方”，表示相对高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词为below。
如： We’re flying above the clouds.
2. over指“在……正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反义词为under。
如： The bridge is over the river.
3. on表示“在……上面”，与物体表面接触，与beneath相对。
如： There is a map on the wall.
The earth felt soft beneath our feet.
区别：under, below, beneath的用法。
1.under… 在……的下面/下方
“under…” 是表示在……的下面或下方，是over的相反词。
例：There is dog under the desk.（有一只狗在书桌的下面。）
“under”也是指水平的平面或面积的下方/下面，不一定只指直接的下面或下方。
例：We sailed passing under the bridge.（我们从桥下航行通过。）
例：A group of children are playing under the big tree.（有一群小孩正在那棵大树下游戏。）
例：Soon the ship sank under the water.（很快地那艘船就沉到水底去了。）
2.below… 在……的下面；低于
“below…” 的基本语义是表示位置低于……（lower than…），是above 的相反词。
例：There is a socket on the wall, too. It is below the clock.（墙上也有插座，它在钟的下方。）
“below”是指位置低于……，通常都指不在和它相比的物体的直接下方，但是有时也可以和“under”通用只是
笼统地指“在……的下面”。
例：We met at the entrance, below/under the clock.（我们在入口处的钟下面相遇了。）
“below”也可指河流的下游。
例：The water below the bridge runs very deep.（桥下游处的水流很深。）
3.beneath… 在……的下面；在……的底下
“beneath…”本来是指“在……（在底部的面接触的）底下”，但是在现代英语常与under/ below通用。
【课堂练习】
I、单项选择题。
　( )1.He speaks Japanese best ________ the boy students.
　　 A. between B. with C. among
　( )2.A wolf _______ a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy.
　　 A. with B. in C. on
　( )3.Joan hopes to come back _______ three days.
　　 A. after B. for C. in
　( )4.He left home _______ a cold winter evening.
　　 A. at B. on C. in
　( )5.Shanghai is ________ the east of China.
　　 A. in B. on C. to
　( )6.________ my father’s help, I have finished my composition.
　　 A. Under B. On C. with
　( )7.He’s very strict ________ himself and he’s very strict _______ his work.
　　 A. with ; in B. in ; with C. with ; with
　( )8.I really can’t agree ________ you.
　　 A. to B. on C. with
　( )9.She spent all his money _______ books.
　　 A. in B. with C. on
　( )10.They are talking _______ low voices.
　　 A. with B. in C. on
　( )11.It’s very kind _______ you to help us.
　　 A. for B. to C. of
　( )12.What will you have _______ breakfast this morning
　　 A. with B. for C. by
　( )13.You are free to speak _______ the meeting.
　　 A. at B. in C. on
　( )14.It’s wrong to play jokes _______ other people.
　　 A. on B. of C. with
　( )15.Which color do you like I prefer blue _______ red.
　　 A. for B. as C. to
　( )16.The student will give us a talk _______ how to use our spare time.
　　 A. for B. on C. in
　( )17.I paid two hundred yuan _______ that kind of bicycle.
　　 A. in B. for C. on
　( )18.We can’t live _______ air.
　　 A. in B. with C. without
　( )19.The child was afraid _______ the strange sound.
　　 A. at B. for C. of
　( )20.He was very angry _______ her for being late.
　　 A. for B. with C. at
　( )21.What do you think _______ the play
　　 A. about B. like C. of
( )22.I think it’s the right way to work out the problem, but I am not sure _____ it.
　　 A. do B. about C. of
( )23.Reading ___ the sun isn’t good _ __ you
　　 A. under ; for B. in ; for C. in ; to
　( )24.I won’t ask about it, I’m going to see it ________ my own eyes.
　　 A. by B. for C. with
　( )25.There is a small river ______ the two towns
　　 A. in B. between C. among
　( )26.Li Lei sometimes falls asleep _______ the lesson.
　　 A. for B. through C. during
　( )27.Mr. Black went to Paris _______ a few days.
　　 A. for B. in C. after
　( )28.They will leave ________ London next month.
　　 A. to B. from C. for
　( )29.Are you going to the zoo _______ bus or _______ my car
　　 A. on ; by B. by ; in C. on ; in
　( )30.He woke up several times _______ the night
　　 A. in B. at C. on
　( )31. She sent her friend a postcard _______ a birthday present.
　　 A. on B. as C. for
( )32. English is widely used ______ travellers and business people all over the world.
　　 A. to B. for C. by
　 ( )33. _____ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students.
　　 A. Under B. In C. With
　 ( )34. Hong Kong is ______ the south of China, and Macao is ______the west of Hong Kong.
　　 A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in
　 ( )35.There are many apples ___ the tree. A bird ___ the tree is picking an apple.
　　 A. in ; on B. on ; in C. in ; at
　 ( )36. “Who are you going to play ____ ” “Grade Two.”
A. about B. by C. against
II．根据句意，从下面方框中选择正确的介词或介词词组填空。
under, behind, next to, between, in front of
1. My pet dog likes to lie _____ the sofa, so it's hard to see it.
2. The pet shop is ______ a bookshop and a supermarket.
3. Mr Green is our neighbor. He lives _____ our house.
4. Children shouldn't sit ______ a TV set and watch it too long.
5. The cat is very naughty(调皮的). It often hides _____the door.
三、表示数量的不定代词的用法
表示数量的不定代词有：(not) many，(not) much, too many, too much, (a) few, (a) little, a lot of／lots of, (not) enough, no…, 它们都可以修饰名词。
many, much表示 “多”; few, little表示 “少”; a few, a little表示 “几个”。
too many表示 “太多”, too much表示 “太多”。
a lot of／lots of表示 “很多”, no表示 “没有”。
(not) enough表示 “(不)足够”。
1.修饰可数名词的有: (not) many, too many, too few, few, a few
注意: few表示否定意义, 意为 “少(几乎没有)”, not many用在否定句子中。
1. I have many books in my schoolbag. 我书包里有很多书。
2. There are not many flowers in the garden. 花园里没有太多的花。
3. There are a few flowers in the garden. 花园里有一些花。
4. There are few flowers in the garden. 花园里几乎没有花。
5. She ate too many eggs and she was full. 她吃了太多鸡蛋, 饱了。
6. She ate too few eggs and she was still hungry. 她吃了太少的鸡蛋, 还在饿呢。
2.修饰不可数名词的有: (not) much, a little, little, too much, too little
注意: little表示否定意义, 意为 “少(几乎没有)”; not much用在否定句子中。
1. There is much water in the bottle. 瓶子里有很多水。
2. There is not much water in the bottle. 瓶子里没有很多的水。
3. There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。
4. There is little water in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没有水。
5. I drank too much water. 我喝了太多水了。
6. I drank too little water and I am still thirsty. 我喝太少水了, 我仍然口渴。
3.既可以修饰可数名词, 也可以修饰不可数名词的有: a lot of／lots of no, (not) enough
1. A tiger can eat a lot of/ lots of meat one day.老虎一天可以吃很多肉。
2. A lot of／Lots of countries will take part in the Olympic Games. 很多国家将参加这次奥运会。
3. There is no bread left on the table. 桌子上没有面包剩下。
4. There are no bananas in my basket. 我的篮子里没有香蕉。
5. There are enough bananas in my basket. 我的篮子里有足够的香蕉。
6. There are not enough bananas in my basket. 我的篮子里没有足够的香蕉。
4.特殊疑问句
对表示数量的不定代词提问, 一般用特殊疑问词how many和how much。如果提问的名词是可数名词用how many, 不可数名词用how much。例如:
1. How many books do you have 你有多少本书？
2. How much water do we have 我们有多少水？
表格归类记忆：
只修饰可数名词 只修饰不可数名词 两者都可以
many, a number of, too many much, too much a lot of = lots of
few, a few, too few little, a little, too little some, any,enough
拓展：both (两者都)，either(两者中任何一个)， neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。
Neither of the two boys is clever.　
both与复数连用，either与单数连用。
Both the boys are clever.　
Either of the two boys is clever.
There are flowers on both sides of the street. =There are flowers on either side of the street.
Either way is right.
【课堂练习】
I. 单项选择。从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。
( ) 1. There are _____ vegetables in the fridge. Please go and buy some.
A. no B. many C. much D. little
( ) 2. I have _____ milk, so I can’t share it with you.
A. a lot of B. a few C. not much D. not many
( ) 3. --- ______ students are there in your school --- 2,000.
A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How long
( ) 4. American people eat ______ meat every year.
A. a lot B. many C. much D. a few
( ) 5. Jenny bought _____ new clothes yesterday. She liked them very much.
A. many B. much C. no D. few
( ) 6. There is ______ money in my pocket. Can you borrow some to me I would like to buy a book.
A. few B. little C. a few D. a little
( ) 7. ______ people were on the street in the evening. Jenny felt afraid.
A. Few B.little C. A few D. A little
( ) 8. There are ______ cities like Beijing which has a long history.
A. not little B. few C. a little D. not much
( ) 9. I drank _______ milk and I am not hungry now.
A. too much B. too many C. much too D. many too
( ) 10. --- There are a lot of _____ on the table. Would you like to have one
--- No, I would like to drink a little _____.
A. oranges; orange B. orange; oranges C. oranges; oranges D. orange; orange
II. 在括号内选出恰当的词填空。
1. There is __________ (not many, not much) time for me to finish my writing.
2. Now ________ (a lot of, a lot) people go to work by bike.
3. --- Jim, don’t eat so ________ (much, many) meat, or you will get sick. --- OK, Mum.
4. There are _____ (many, no) schools in our small town, so children have to go to school far away from their homes.
5. Please put on _______ (enough, much) clothes. It is too cold outside.
6. I have only ______ (little, a little) pocket money. So I can’t buy this toy.
7. All the students are having the PE lesson on the playground. So _____ (no, many) students are in the classroom.
8. It is a holiday, so ______ (too few, too much) workers are working in the factory.
9. Jessica drank ________ (lots of, many) water after playing table tennis.
10. There is _______(little, few) water in the desert, but there can be ______ (much, little) water in a cactus(仙人掌).
【课后作业】
I、单项选择。
( )1. Mr. Smith is an English teacher ______ he teaches us English.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
( )2. — Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight
— I’d love to, ______ I can’t. I have a lot of homework to do.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
( )3. When you are learning English, use it as often as possible, _____ you might drop it.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
( )4. — You watched the fashion show last night, didn’t you
— Yes, ______ I missed the beginning.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
( )5. It’s a long story, but there are few new words in it, ____ it will be easy for children.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
( )6. The doctor tried his best to save the patient’s life,_____ failed.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
( )7. Remember to return the books to the library on time, ____you will be fined (罚款).
A. or B. and C. but D. so
( )8. The blouse made of silk in the store is too dear,____ the poor child can’t afford it.
A. or B. while C. but D. so
( )9. Do you like to have Chinese food ______ western food
A. or B. and C. but D. so
( )10. I like both swimming ______ skating. They are so cool!
A. or B. and C. but D. so
( )11. Most students can’t sing ______ dance, ______they are too busy studying.
A. or, for B. and, for C. or, but D. and, so
( )12. ______ I was ill yesterday, ______ I didn’t go to work.
A. because, so B. For, and C. /, but D. /, so
( ) 11. --- Please don’t make so ______ noise. Grandpa is sleeping. --- OK.
A. many B. much C. no D. few
( ) 12. I don’t like ______ butter on my bread.
A. too much B. to many C. much too D. many too
( ) 13. Jane doesn’t know _______ people in Shanghai and has only _______ friends here.
A. many; a little B. much; a little C. many; a few D. much; a few
( ) 14. There is only ________ tea left in the teapot. I’ll go and make some more.
A. few B. little C. a few D. a little
( ) 15. Jane gave me ______ help with my work. I thanked her a lot.
A. many B. much C. no D. few
II、用适当的并列连词填空（and，but，so，for，or）
1．Go along the street, _______ you'll find the shop．
2．The weather was very cold, _______ many people were ill．
3．People think we look the same, _______ I can see that we're different．
4．I know him _______ I can't remember his name．
5．You may go with him _______ stay at home．
6．Let's take the stone away, _______ there may be an accident．
7．The shop was quite new, _______ it had opened only the week before．
8．My glasses were broken, _______ I need a new pair．
III、用适当的介词填空：
1. You can’t see the ball. It’s ______ the door.
2. Shall we meet ________ the gate of the cinema
3. Is he playing _______ the street or ______ the road
4. Are they ________ a factory or _______ a farm
5. I sit ________ the twins. The elder sister is _______ my left and the younger one is_______ my right.
6. The big tree ______ our classroom is nearly 100 years old.
7. The teacher is writing on the blackboard ______ the classroom.
8. ---- Where is the light ---- It’s just _______ the table.
9. ---- Where are the lamps ---- They are _____ the desks.
10. A plane is flying ________ the clouds.
IV、从方框中选择合适的词填空。
some, much, a little, few, a few
1. He is very careless. He made ________ mistakes in the exam.
2. There are many foreigners here but _______ can speak Spanish.
3. Hurry up! We only have ______ time.
4. I didn’t eat ______ this morning. I’m hungry now.
5. This physics problem is so difficult that only _______ students can work it out.
V、 根据汉语提示补全句子, 每空一词。
1. 你知道人的一生会喝多少水吗？
Do you know ______ ______ _______ a person can drink in his life
2. 为了健康, 我们应该每天吃很多蔬菜。
For our health, we should eat ______ ______ ______vegetables every day.
3. 没有多少时间了。我们得快点儿。
There is ______ ________ time left. We have to be quick.
4.在中国, 房价低的城市太少了。
In China, cities which have houses with low prices are ______ ______.
5. 我惊讶地看到地上有如此多的硬币。
I was surprised to see _______ ______ ______ on the ground.