2022年中考英语基础词汇重点知识点拓展学习讲义与练习（10）（word版，含答案)

2022年初中英语 基础词汇 重点知识点
拓展学习讲义【10】（全国通用）
（含答案与解析）
bedroom cn.卧室
bee cn.蜜蜂
○短语搭配
as busy as a bee忙忙碌碌
beef un.牛肉
beer un.啤酒
before prep.在…前面;在…以前
adv.以前
conj.在…前面
○短语搭配
1.It was not long before… 不久就…
2.It will be not long before… 不久就会…
3.long before很久以前(和过去时态连用)
4.before long不久以后(和将来时态或过去时态连用)
○近义辨析
before和ago 的区别见ago.
○冲刺中考
1.The roof fell _____he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
A.after B.as C.before D.until
2. Someone called me up in the middle the night , but they hung up __________I could answer the phone.
A．as B．since C．until D．before
3.He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation___________it got worse. (A．until B．when C．before D．as
答案：
1.C.
2.D.
3.C.
○强化练习
1.All of us went out of the house before the house ______.
A.fell down B.didn’t fall down C.had fallen down D.hadn’t fallen down
2.It is five years ________he married me.
A.before B.since C.when D.after
答案与解析
1.A.before 后的谓语动词不用否定式.
2.B.
beg vt.乞讨,乞求
vi.请求,恳求
○句型用法
1.beg for sth.请求得到
2.beg sth of sb. 请求
3.beg sb. to do sth.请求(恳求)某人做某事
4.beg to do sth请求做某事
4.beg that从句(should/may)… 请求,恳求
○短语搭配
1.beg one’s pardon请原谅
2.beg sb. off为某人说情;辞退某人
○近义辨析
beg和ask的区别
beg指带有诚意且谦卑的请求,语气较强,用法较为正式.
ask是普通用语,指一般的请求.
○强化练习
1.They failed ,but they begged _______another chance.
A.to give
B.giving
C.to be given
D.being given
2.He worked hard and begged _____a better salary.
A.for
B.by
C.to
D.of
答案与解析
1.C.
2.A.
begin vt.&vi.开始,着手
○短语搭配
1.to begin with首先,第一
2.begin with… 以…开始
○近义辨析
begin和start的用法区别：
两个词都有 “开始”的意思，很多情况下能通用。start较为口语化。两个词后面都既能接不定式也能接动名词。在下面几种情况下后面接to do 较好:
1)主语是物而表示人时.
e.g. The water began/started to boil.
2)begin/start是-ing形式时.
e.g. I am just beginning/starting to do my homework.
3)begin/start后面接的是与想法,感情有关的动词.
e.g. They began/started to realize the fact.
○冲刺中考
The research is so designed that once________nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
答案：D.注意：begin既可作不及物动词，也可作及物动词。
○强化练习
1.Had you found that the ice ________.
A.began melting
B.started melting
C.began melt
D.started to melt
2.They ________what I said.
A.began understanding
B.began to understand
C.start understanding
D.start understand
答案与解析
1.D.
2.B.
achieve vt. 达到，取得
○近义辨析
achieve, gain和get的区别
achieve通常指通过努力而获得成功或达到某种目的。gain多指通过努力或奋斗，获得利益，好处，或经验。get表示用某种方法或手段得到某种东西，多用于口语中。
○强化练习
1.They finally ______their purpose through their hard work.
A. get B. gain C .achieve D. have
2.We _____much experience from our job.
A. get B. gain C .achieve D. have
3.Suddenly I _____a good idea.
A. get B. gain C .achieve D. occur
4.Flying across the Atlantic for the first time is a great______.
A. achieve B. achievement C. achievable D.progress
答案与解析：
1.C.
2.B.
3.A.
4.B．achievement是achieve的名词形式,指具体的一次成就或伟绩时是可数名词。achievable是achieve的形容词形式。progress是不可数名词,故在此不合适。
across prep 1）横过 穿过 2）在---的另一边 3）交叉 4）经过（一整段时间）
adv. 1）横过 穿过 2）在---的另一边 3）交叉 4）横,阔
○短语搭配
1.across from在…的对过
e.g. My company is across from the bookstore.
2.across-the-board adj. ①全面的；全盘的；包括一切的 ②(电台或电视节目)在固定时间播送的.
e.g. It is said that there is to be an across-the-board tax cut here.(据说这里将要有全面的减税.)
○近义辨析
across和through的区别
across穿过,横过；强调从表面穿过;含义与on相关。through穿过强调从…当中穿过;含义与in相关。此外，over也可表示横过，越过，它强调“翻越”到较高的物体的另一边。
○强化练习
1.It takes me 3 hours to swim________ the river.
A.across B.through C.over D.cross
2.You are not allowed to walk______the forest alone.
A.across B.through C.over D.cross
3.It’s really difficult for the young boy to push ___ the crowds to the front .
A.across B.through C.over D.cross
4.The teacher was looking ___ my shoulder at my test paper.
A.across B.through C.over D.cross
5.They can’t went_______the river by bike so they ________the river in a boat.
A.across;cross B.through;cross C.cross;across Dover;.cross
6.My school is just _______my house.
A.across near B.across from C.cross D.cross from
答案与解析：
1.A．横穿河流用across.
2.B.
3.B．在人群中穿行应用through，表示从中间穿过。
4.C．因为眼光越过我的肩膀才能看到试卷，所以用over强调“翻越”。
5.A．cross是动词。
6.B.