2022年中考英语定语从句讲义

复合句之定语从句
1. 根据定义定特点
在复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。两个句子之间通过关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose) 或关系副词 (when, where, why)连接起来。定语从句前的那个被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。如：Running Man is a very relaxing TV program which is popular among the young people. 主句：Running Man is a very relaxing TV program 从句：which is popular among the young people
先行词：TV program 关系代词：which
因此, 如果确定是考查定语从句, 我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项, 如：what。
2. 根据成分选连词 在此过程中要掌握“三看”原则。
(1) 一看指人还是物 先行词指人：that, who (曲靖：2016.39), whose, whom
先行词指物：that (曲靖：2016.45), which, whose (2) 二看句中作何用
所作成分 关系词
主语 who (人), which (物), that (人/物)
宾语 who / whom (人), which (物), that (人/物)
定语 whose (人/物)
状语 where (地点), when (时间), why (原因)
如果从句中缺少主干成分，补关系代词；如果从句中不缺主干成分，补关系副词。
(3) 看是否是特殊情况 关系词只能用that的几种情况
① 当先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时 (曲靖：2017.40)。
--- Tom told his mother all that had happened. 汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。
② 当先行词前面有the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
--- This is the only book that I can find. 这就是我能找到的唯一的一本书。
③ 当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。--- The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shanghai. 为我们足球队踢足球的那个最高的运动员来自上海。
④ 当先行词既有人又有物时。--- Let’s talk about the people and the things that we can remember. 让我们谈论我们能够记起的人和事。
关系词只能用which的几种情况
① 关系代词放在介词之后。--- This is the factory in which we once worked. 这是我们曾工作过的工厂。
② 非限制性定语从句。--- This is a famous book, which was written by Lu Xun. 这是鲁迅写的一本书。
③ that, those作主语指物时。--- Those which are on the desk are English books. 桌子上的那些是英语书。
用who而不用that的情况
① 当先行词为people和those (指人) 时, 只能用who。--- Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。
② 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all (指人) 时, 只能用who。--- Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。 【补充说明】
1. 引导词that与which用法区别 which前面可以有介词, that不行。当先行词指物、原因、地点或时间等时, prep + which --- The small village in which I spent my childhood has a lot of big changes.
2. 先行词是all / everything / nothing / something / anything等不定代词时其后必须用that
--- There is nothing that can make him happy again. / Everything that we saw in this film was true.
3. 作为先行词的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级以及any, one, little, few, all, none of或the only / the
very（恰好; 正好）/ the just（正好; 恰好）等限定语时其后必须用that。--- That is the first / the best / the only movie (that) I’d like to see. / Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known. / The first one that stands up is a little boy.
4. 当先行词是数词时用that引导。--- There are three that like drawing pictures in our class.
我们班上有三个喜欢画画的学生。
5. 当先行词既有人也有物时用that。--- We were deeply moved by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们被访问过的老师和学校深深地感动了。
6. 当先行词是地点时,用关系副词where, 先行词是时间时，用关系副词when,当先行词指原因时, 用关系副词why引导(它们在句中作状语）。--- 1. I still remember the park where we first met. / 2. I’ll never forget the days when we studied together. / 3. Do you know the reason why he was late for school
关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句
注意：关系副词when, where, why既起到连接主句和从句的作用, 同时在定语从句中充当句子的时间状语、地点状语及原因状语。关系代词在定语从句中充当句子主语或谓语动词及介词的宾语。
例：1. I can still remember the town where I was born. / I can remember the hospital in which I was born.
2. Do you enjoy the holidays when you spent with your friends / This book is about the years when the authors studied abroad. / I still remember the day on which I first met you.
3. Do you know the reason why he hasn’t been to the party last Friday
注意：
1、先行词指人, 在句中作宾语, 关系词前又有介词时, 只用whom
This is the hero in whom we take pride. = This is the hero of whom we are proud. 这是我们引以为傲的英雄。--- 即：prep + whom --- The man to whom you spoke just now is our English teacher. 刚才和你讲话的那个人是我们的英语老师。
2、先行词指物、时间、地点或原因, 在句中作宾语, 关系词前又有介词时, 只用which --- This is the picture about which they talked at the gallery. 这就是他们在画廊里谈到的那幅画。
I don’t forget the house in which we have lived for ten years. = I don’t forget the house where we have lived for ten years. 我不会忘记我们住了十年的房子。
I don’t know the reason for which he was late again. = I don’t know the reason why he was late again.
我不知他迟到的原因。
She thinks of the days on which they studied together. 她想起了他们在一起学习的那些日子。