2022年中考英语语法攻坚系列之冠词用法深度解析（理论知识讲解 中考真题解析 基础巩固练习 拔高拓展）（含答案解析）

中考英语语法专项复习之冠词专题
冠词是英语十大词类之一，冠词的使用是英语语法中非常重要的一个点，也是中考中常考的一个点，本文通过例子全面地总结了冠词的基本用法，并且结合往届的高考真题和大量的练习题，深入、详细的解析了冠词的各种考点和考法。
第一部分
冠词的用法详细解析
英语中的冠词包括the 、a/an ，除了用冠词，还有不用冠词的问题，也就是我们说的零冠词的用法。冠词总是放在名词前面，冠词大多数时候都与名词形影不离，当出现名词时首先想到的问题就是“这个名词前要不要用冠词？如果要用，那用什么冠词？”。
名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分，有普通名词和专有名词之分，有复数名词和单数名词之分，名词的这些性质和选择什么样的冠词进行修饰有很密切的关系，下面分情况介绍。
在之前先解释一下a和an的区别。这两个词的用法没区别，不同点在于，如果 a 后面紧跟的词以元音（不指元音字母，而是指发音）开头，例如在 apple，egg，uncle，idle fellow，old man或hour前，就要用an代替a。如果后面的词以辅音开头，即使是元音字母，也只能用a，不能用an，如useful，European，用a还是an，取决于紧跟它的词，而不取决于形容词后的名词。如在an old teacher 中，用an是由紧跟它的old决定的，而不是由名词teacher 决定的，这一点老师们平时是的比较多，大多数人都知道，就不再详细说明。
the被叫做定冠词，这里的“定 ”是“限定、指定、确定”之意，就是说the后面修饰的名词是指定的那一个，双方都知道说的是哪一个，不是随便的一个，或者这个名词被某一个短语或从句限定了身份，范围等，也就是我们所说的特指某一个，某一些或某个的等等。
a/an被叫做不定冠词，不定就是不特定的哪一个，指的是某类东西中的随便一个，也就是平时所说的泛指。
（一）冠词修饰可数名词的情况详解。
1. 冠词a/an有泛指作用，可和单数可数名词连用，隐约地表示“任何一个（即随便哪个）”。
例如：A dog is intelligent．
I like a child．
2．复数可数名词也有泛指作用，隐约地表示“所有的”：
例如：Dogs are intelligent．
I like children．
3．冠词 the 可与单数可数名词连用，表示“一类”东西，而不指哪一个。
例如：The dog is intelligent．
The palm grows in many countries．
以上3种用法是很相近的，但在侧重点上有一些细微差别。
4．a/an还有“一个”或“某个”的意思，可以和单数可数名词连用。
例如：A dog is coming．
I see a child．
5．复数名词，如表示“几个”，或“某几个”，前面需加some这类词（由此也可以看作是一种冠词）。
例如：Some children are playing there．
I met some friends on the street．
There are some large schools in New York．
6．The 有特指的作用，可用在单数可数名词前，隐约表示“那个”，这时所指是那个东西是很清楚的。
例如：I bought a house yesterday afternoon．The house is across the river．（指新买的房子）
I want to see the boss．（你知道 the boss 指谁）
Open the window，please．（当然是指这个房间的窗子）
7．The 也可和复数可数名词连用，隐约地表示“那些”，这时指那些人或东西也是很清楚的。
I bought several houses yesterday．The houses are across the river．
I met some nice people at the party．It seems I had seen
8．The 也有表示集体的作用，用在复数可数名词前，隐约地表示“所有（那些）……”：
They are the teachers of our school．
The cities of this country are dirty．
（二）冠词修饰不可数名词详解
1．不可数名词，既不能加 a，又不能用于复数形式：
He has a money．（错）
Thailand produces much rices．（错）
You need an advice．（错）
Informations are important in war．（错）
不加冠词的不可数名词，泛指这类东西，隐约表示“任何数量的……”，“任何程度的……”：
I am fond of milk．
Air is important to animals．
Honesty is the best policy．
John hates darkness．
如果表示有限数量或某种程度，不可数名词前可加 some，表示“一些……”“一定程度的……”：
I offered him some tea．
Some sugar is to be sprinkled over the cake．
He has got some experience from the job．
Some consideration of the matter is necessary．
特指的the可用在不可数名词前限定其意义，隐约地表示“这”或“那”
I offered him the tea which I made．
The sugar produced here is excellent．
He has obtained the experience of an expert．
The bread has been eaten up．（你知道指哪块面包）
Please pass me the salt．
（三）冠词与专有名词
1．下面这类专有名词不加 a 也不加 the，也不能用于复数形式：
continent—Asia country—Japan
province—Guangdong state—California
county—Henrico County harbour—Pearl Harbour
island—Rhode Island hill—Bacon Hill
mount Mount—Everest cape—Cape Comorin
lake—Lake Geneva bridge—Westminster Bridge
park—Hyde Park street—Fifth Avenue
square—Times Square person—William Shakespeare
domestic animal—Bobo deity—Jupiter
day—Monday planet—Jupiter
festival—Labour Day month—February
2．下面各类专有名词前需加 the：
republic—the French Republic railway—the Trans Siberian Railway
state—the Irish Free State
empire—the British Empire river—the Mekong River
kingdom—the United Kingdom
peninsula—the Indian plateau—the Tibetan Peninsula Plateau
ocean—the Pacific（Ocean） basin—the Yangzi Basin
sea—the Japaneses Sea valley—the Rhine Valley
canal—the Suez（Canal） desert—the Gobi Desert
pole—the North Pole
“普通名词+of+专有名词”这类词组前均需加 the：
the Cape of Good Hope the House of Representatives
the Strait of Gibraltar the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
the City of New York the Society of Natural History
复数专有名词前都加 the：
the Himalayas the Great Lakes
the Rocky Mountains the Stuarts
the United States the Philippines
（四）冠词的特殊用法
1. a表数量：即表示数量“一”。如：
I'll be able to finish it in a day or two. 在一两天内我会完成此事。
a表同一性：即表示“同一”，说明事物的同一性质、特征、大小或程度等。如：
This hat and that one are of a shape. 这顶帽子和那顶一样大。
a表程度：用于most前表示“非常”“十分”。如：
It’s a most boring book. 这是一本非常枯燥乏味的书。
a用于序数词前：用在序数词前表示“再一”“又一”。如：
She thanked him a second time. 她再次向他道谢。
Shall I ask her a third time 我还要问她一次吗
a用于专有名词前：相当于a certain，意为“一个”“某个”。如：
The house next door has been bought by a Mr Jones. 隔壁的 房子被一个叫琼斯的先生的人买下了。
a用于抽象名词前：使之具体化，表示与该之相关的具体的人或事。如：
He was a success in business. 他事业成功。
It’s a pleasure to talk with you. 同你谈话是件令人愉快的事。
the表示独一无二：用在世界上“独一无二”的事物的名词前。如：
The earth goes round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
He looked up at the stars in the sky. 他望着天上的星星。
the用于最高级前：即用于形容词或副词的最高级前。如：
Who picked the most apples 谁摘的苹果最多
Of the four of us, I sang the worst. 我们四人中我唱得最差。
the用于序数词或方位词之前。如：
He was the first man to think of it. 他是第一个想到这一点的人。
Italy is in the south of Europe. 意大利在欧洲南部。
the用于乐器名词前：表示相应乐器的演奏。如：
Besides the violin, he plays the piano and the flute. 除了拉提琴，他还能弹钢琴和吹笛子。
the表示人体部位：用于某些介词短语中指身体的某个部位。如：
He patted me on the back. 他拍了拍我的背。
We caught him by the arm. 我们抓住了他的手臂。
the用于表示一家人：用于在姓氏的复数形式之前表示一家人或夫妇二人。如：
The Smiths live in the apartment above ours. 史密斯一家住在我们楼上的一套住房里。
用于江河湖海等前：用于江河湖海、山脉群岛、海湾海峡等地理名词前。如：
The Yellow River flows into the Yellow Sea. 黄河流人黄海。
用于某些含有普通名词的专有名词前：用于某些国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸杂志、会议条约等含有普通名词与其他词构成的专有名词。如：
We visited the Great Wall yesterday. 我们昨天去参观了长城。
用于整十的复数数词前：表示几十年代。如：
This happened in the seventies. 这发生在七十年代。
用于比较级前：用于“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构中表示“越……就越……”。如：
The sooner we operate now the safer. 越早动手术越安全。
The better I knew him, the more I liked him. 我越了解他就越喜欢他。
用于表示类别：用于“the+某些形容词或过去分词”中表示一类人。如：
Do you think the rich should pay more taxes to help the poor 你认为富人是否应当多交点税来帮助穷人
The sick and the wounded were sent home. 伤病员都送回家了。
用于国籍名词前表总称：用于“the+某些国籍的形容词”中表示某国人的总称。如：
The French are famous for their food. 法国人因法国菜而出名。
The British drink a great deal of tea. 英国人饮茶很多。
用于集合名词前表总称：用于“the + police / public等集合名词”中表示这类人的总称。如：
The police are looking for the murderer. 警察正在寻找那个凶手。
用于修饰same, only, very等形容词：即用于“the same / only / very +名词”结构中。如：
That’s the only reason. 那是唯一的理由。
Do you belong to the same class 你们是同一个班吗？
My view is the very opposite of his. 我的看法和他的看法恰恰相反。
用于单位名词前表标标准：即用于“单位词”（hour, day, month, year, dozen, gallon, ton, yard等）前表示标准，相当于汉语的“按”“论”“每”等。如：
They let out cars by the day. 他们按天出租汽车。
Do you sell eggs by the kilo or by the dozen 鸡蛋怎么卖，论公斤，还是论打
但是，by weight（按重量）习惯上不用冠词。如：
Bananas are usually sold by weight. 香蕉通常按重量卖。
22. 使用零冠词的典型情形
所谓用零冠词，即既不用定冠词，也不用不定冠词。这类情况主要有：
(1)表泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前。如：
Snow was failing. 正在下雪。
Children get a better education today than at any time in the past. 现今孩子们受的教育比过去任何时候都好。
(2)倒装的让步状语从句中：在as(虽然)引导让步状语从句前面的单数可数名词前不用冠词。如：
Child as he was, he knew how to help others. 他虽是个孩子，但已知识如何帮助别人。
(3)某些特殊词前：例如在man(人，人类), word(消息)的前面不用冠词。如：
Man is a rational animal. 人是理性的动物。
Word came that he had married again. 有消息说，他又结婚了。
又如动词 turn(变成)，go(变成)后作表语的名词前通常用不用冠词。如：
He was a teacher before he turned writer. 他在成为作家之前是教师。
(4)独立主格结构中：在表示伴随或补充说明用用的独立主格结构中，名词前不用冠词。如：
The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。
He was sitting in the chair, pipe in mouth. 他坐在椅子里，嘴里叼着烟斗。
(5)“(a) kind [sort] of＋名词”结构的“名词”前：该结构中的“名词”不管是单数还是复数，其前都通常用零冠词。如：
This kind of book is very interesting. 这种书很有趣。
He is the sort of person I really dislike. 他这种人我真不喜欢。
(6)表抽象意义的单数名词前：当单数可数名词含义抽象化具有形容词意味时，通常用零冠词。如：
I was fool enough to accept his offer. 我接受他的提议真是太傻了。
Are you man enough for this dangerous job 你有勇气敢做这项危险的工作吗
第二部分
中考真题解析
Jim started to play ______violin when he was five.[2021甘肃天水]
a B.an C. the D./
解析：答案C，play后跟乐器名词，表示进行某一项乐器运动时用the。
-Is Eric married
-Yes,and he has ____8-year-old daughter.[2021湖北十堰]
a B.an C. the D./
解析：答案B，不定冠词的用法，后面接元音音素用an。
-Did you see_____movie Hi,Mom yesterday
-Yes, I did. It's great.[2021湖南怀化]
a B.an C. the
解析：答案C，题中电影名已经说出来了，特指的用the。
Zhang Guimei is ______unusual teacher. She set up the first free girls' high school in 2008.[2021湖南湘潭]
a B.an C./
解析：答案B，不定冠词的用法，后面接元音音素用an。
TIanwen I probe(探测器) sent _____first picture of Mars back to China in February, 2021.[2021湖南岳阳]
a B.an C. the
解析：答案C，后接序数词用the。
-Shall we play ______basketball this afternoon？
-Good idea! Do you have _____basketball [2021江苏连云港]
the;a B.a;a C. /;/ D./;a
解析：答案D，play后接球类，表示进行某球类运动时，不用冠词，后面一个空表示泛指的一个球，用a。
7. ____hard-working person will have more opportunities to succeed.[2021青海]
A.A B.the C./
解析：答案A，a加单数可数名词，这里是泛指某一类人，这里意思是“勤奋的人会有更多成功的机会。”
答案：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.A
巩固练习
There is _______ house in the picture. There is ________old woman near______ house.
A. an; a; the B. a; an ; the C. the ; a; an D. a; the; an
2. He has already worked for ______ hour.
A.the B. an C. a D. 不填
3. Alice is fond of playing ______ piano.
A. the B. an C. a D. 不填
4. Beyond ____ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _____space.
A. 不填；the B. the ; the C. 不填，不填 D. the; 不填
5. ______ terrible weather we've been having these days!
A. How a B. What a C. How D. What
6. —Where is Jack
— I think he is still in ____ bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom.
A.不填；不填 B. the; the C. the;不填 D. 不填; the
7. When do you have _____breakfast every day
A.a B. an C. the D. 不填
参考答案： 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. D 6.D 7. D
拔高拓展
1. _______ milk is food. ________ milk in this cup has gone bad.
2. ---Do you like playing _________ football
---Yes. But I have only _________ basketball.
3. Do you know _______girl on ________another side of ________ lake
4. There's ________ "u" and ________ "s" in ________work "use".
5. She says ________animals cant's live without __________air, either.
6. His father, who is ________honest man, is teaching in ________ university.
7. Which is heavier, ________elephant or ________ horse
8. ________ cold wind was blowing from the north.
9. He is always ready to help _________ old and ________ young.
10. ________ Greens are traveling in _________ South Chin A.
11. Although ________ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink ________most are _______ least healthy.
12.Xiaomei saw _________ interesting film last night. ________ film was about _________ kind doctor.
13. You can have _________ second try if you fail _______ first time.
14. Tom went to _________ school as usual, but he didn't know his father went to ________school for a parent meeting.
15. ________ knowledge begins with _________ practice.
16. ---Mum, what shall we have for _______dinner
---Dumplings.
---Oh, what _______ wonderful dinner! I enjoy it very much.
17. _________ PLA was founded on __________August 1st,1927
18. _______ Kings came to us at _________ noon.
19. The scientists from ________ United States live in __________ Ninth Street.
20. The doctor to him, "Take ________ medicine twice ________day. Stay in _________ bed and you'll be better soon."
21. September 10th is ____________ Teachers' Day.
22. Mr. Black arrived here on __________ Tuesday morning.
23. There are four seasons in _______year. ________ first season is spring. It is __________ best one of __________ four.
24. Some people have been to _________moon, in _______ spaceship.
25. _______ China is _________ old country with _________ long history
26.They are living ______happy life now.
27.______bag on ______desk is mine.
28.There is ______empty box on the table.
29.Do you like ______music of the film "Titanic"
30.On ______Saturday, I stay in ______bed till 12:00.
31.______Browns have been to China twice.
32.Don't make any noise in ______class.
33.This is such ______interesting story that you must listen to it.
34.Next week they will go to Australia by ______air.
35.Which is bigger, ______sun or ______moon
36. This morning I bought _____ newspaper and _____ magazine. _______ newspaper is in my bag but I don't know where I put ______ magazine.
37. I saw ______ accident this morning. ______ car crashed into ______ tree. ______ driver of ______ car wasn't hurt but ______ car was badly damage D.
38. There are two cars parked outside: ______ blue one and _______ grey one. _______ blue one is my neighbour's ; I don't know who ______ owner of _______ grey one is.
39. My friends live in _______ old house in _______ small village. There is _______ beautiful garden behind _______ house. I would like to have ______ garden like that.
解析：1./, the (milk 是物质名词，一般不用冠词，　但后面加上一个定语in the cup 后，使其成为特指，所以需要用定冠词the.)
2. / , the (球类运动前不用the ; 指一个物体要用不定冠词a )
3. the,/, the ( 特指这个女孩用the;名词前已有定语another;)
4. a, an, the ("u" 发音以辅音开头所以用a;"s" 发音以元音开头所以用an; 特指这个单词用the)
5. /,/ (泛指动物所以不用任何冠词; air 不可数名词，其前一般不用冠词)
6. an, the ( honest 发音以元音开头，故用an, 在大学里为in the university)
7. an, a 或the ,the ( 不定冠词a , an 和 定冠词the与名词单数连用表示种类)
8. a (物质名词coffee, food, tea, fog, rain, snow, wind等，在表示　"一种"或　"一场"的意义时，前面要加不定冠词。
9. the, the ( 形容词前加定冠词，表示一类人)
10. The ,/ ( 姓氏的复数前加定冠词the 表示一家人;在华南是in South China)
11. /, the, the ( most当大多数讲时前面不用the;后两空均为形容词的最高级，前面要加the)
12. a, the, a ( 第一空和第三空都指一个事物，第二空是特指前面提到的电影)
13. a, the (a second try 指的是第二次)
14./, the (go to school 去上学，　go to the school 去那所学校)
15./,/ (具有单纯意义的物质名词或抽象名词前，一般不用冠词)
16. /, a 17. the, / 18.the , / 19. the, the 20. the, a, / 21. / 22. / 23. a, the ,the , the 24.the, / 25../,an,/ a 26.a 27.the 28.an 29.the 30./31.the 32./33.an 34./35.the.
36.a ,a, The the 37.an, a, a, The ,the, the 38. A, a, the the, the 39. an, a, a, the, a